串讲01 单元语法知识点梳理【考点串讲PPT】-2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考点大串讲（沪外版2020必修第三册）

高一下英语期期末复习 沪外版2020 必修第三册 Unit 1-2 现在分词做宾补 Unit 1 Road to Successa 现在分词作宾语补足语 We find thousands of houses falling in the earthquake. pray(祈祷) We see people praying for the deaths. Ving形式作宾语补足语 1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，常放在 宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性 的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 e.g. When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 ① I found a bag lying on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。 ②我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。 We found the snake eating the eggs. ③ 那老板让工人整夜地工作。 The boss kept the workers working the whole night. . 能用Ving形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: (1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词。 感官动词 + sb. +v-ing. 一感: feel 二听：hear，listen to 五看：see，look at，watch，notice，observe ①Listen to the birds singing. ② I didn’t notice him sleeping in the class. v-ing表示经常性，正在进行的动作； (to) do 表示完整的动作，即动作的全过程。 I found her playing the violin just now. （正在进行的动作） I found her play the violin yesterday. (完整的动作) Do you hear someone knocking at the door? （正在进行的动作） I heard someone knock at the door three times. (完整的动作) 2) 表示指使意义的动词，即使役动词，常见的有make，let, have, keep, set，get, catch, leave等。 ①I won’t have you doing that. ②This set me thinking. ③I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. ④I can’t get the clock going again. ⑤You won’t catch me doing that again. 巩固：现在分词作宾补 结构：动词+sb/sth+doing I. 位于感官动词 “see, watch, notice, hear, feel， find”之后，表示“看到或听到或感受到或发现到某人正在做……” Suddenly, we heard someone knocking gently on the window. I noticed a stranger sliding into the manager’s office. 巩固：现在分词作宾补 结构：动词+sb/sth+doing II. 位于动词 “have,keep,leave”之后，表示“使某人或某物一直…” In cold winter, we always have the fire burning day and night. I’m sorry to keep you waiting for such a long time. Don’t leave the water running while you wash the dishes. 巩固：现在分词作宾补 结构：动词+sb/sth+doing III.位于动词 “catch”之后，表示“当场抓住某人正在做……” He caught his wife dating with another man last night. She was caught cheating in the exam. Suzy was caught stealing in the supermarket. 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出 可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. He looked around and caught a man _______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 2. The film was really_____.We were greatly _____while seeing it. A. moving;moving B. moved;moved C. moving; moved D. moved;moving 3. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. —Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 4. I smell something _______ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾补： 结构： 动词+sb/sth+done 分析下列句子中过去分词充当的成分 Many thousands of terrified people died. The polluted water was to blame. He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people. He got interested in the second theory. She found the door broken in when she came back. He kept the door locked for a long time. I have my hair cut. 1. He didn’t notice his wallet stolen. 2. I was washing my clothes when I heard my name called. Exercise --- 1. He was disappointed to find his suggestions _____. A. been turned down B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn down I. 位于感官动词 “see, watch, notice, hear, feel， find”之后，表示“看到或听到或感受到或 发现到某人或某事被……” 1. The speaker raised his voice, but he still could not make himself heard. 2. Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist’s. 3. They are going to have the entrance hall painted white. II. 位于使役动词 “have, make, get”之后，表 示“使某人或某事被…” have have sb. done make make sb. done get get sb. done have sb. do make sb. do get sb. to do 被动 主动 1. --- Good morning. Can I help you? --- I’d like to have this package _____. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 2. I’m afraid that I can’t make myself _____ because of my poor English. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood Exercise --- The poor Jack will ________________________ (把牙拔掉) Kate’s hair is too long, so she is going to _________________.（把头剪短） get her bad tooth pulled out have her hair cut short 1. He did not want such question discussed. 2. I would like my living room painted light blue. Exercise --- 1. I don’t want the children _____ out in such weather. A. take B. to take C. taken D. taking III. 位于表示“希望，愿望”的词之后，如 “like, wish, want, order”之后，表示“希望/要求某人 或某事被…” While you were out, you should keep your  doors and windows closed. 2. Being sick with fever, he left the dinner untouched. Exercise --- They kept their eyes _____ upon the screen as an exciting football match was televised live. A. fixing B. to be fixed C. to fix D. fixed Ⅳ. 位于表示“保持某种状态”的词后面，如keep,  leave之后，表示“让某事物/某人保持…的状态” 1. 我很高兴地看到孩子受到了很好的照料。 I was glad ________the child_________________. 2. 当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都做完了。 When he arrived ,he _______all the work_______. 3. 他站了起来，为的是让别人看见他。 He stood up in order to ______himself___________. to see well taken care of found finished make seen by others 4. 当我返回那儿时，我发现包不见了。 我希望此事立刻得到解决。 When I returned there , I found my bag _______. I would like this matter ________ immediately. gone settled (to) do/ v-ing / pp. 作宾补的区别： I saw him take away the dictionary just now. (拿走了那本字典) I saw him taking away the dictionary. (正在拿那本字典) I saw the dictionary taken away by a child. (字典被拿走了) (to) do 动作全过程已结束 V-ing 动作正在进行 pp. 表被动完成 1. The boss had all the workers ___ （work）day and night. 2. The old man went back home and found everything ________back to how it was before. 3.He was very happy to see his dog ______(take) good care of by his friend. 4. The baby watched his dad _______ ( wash) his face with great interest. 5. Don’t leave the water_______（run） while you brush your teeth. working taken returnted washing running 综合练习 Thank You 动词不定式 Unit 2 Art and Artist 不定式做定语、状语、补语 34 不定式:是一种非谓语动词。 1.非谓语动词:是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词， 2.动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。 3.动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。 不定式的定义: 35 不定式的形式: 一.基本形式： to+动词原形 二.其否定形式是:“not/never to do”/not do. 三.不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing --------- --------- 36 判断下列不定式在句中作何成分 1. It is impossible to finish so much homework in a day. 2. To see is to believe. 3. His wish is to be a doctor. 4. I want to do it myself. 5. We found it difficult to work with him. 6. He always has a lot of meetings to attend. 7. He is looking for a room to live in. 8. I study hard to serve the people well. 9. In order not to be late she took a bus. 37 I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______ (catch). 我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。 不定式作定语 to catch 考点一：不定式与其所修饰的词之间常是动宾关系 He is always the first _________ at the school and the last to leave the school.　 他总是第一个(人)到校，最后一个(人)离校。 考点二：序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作定语。 to arrive 38 不定式作定语 The ability _________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.　 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。(湖南卷) 考点三：被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。如ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 to express 39 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。 e.g. We have a lot of homework to do . 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词. e.g. He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about. something, anything, nothing…+adj.+ to do e.g. I have something interesting to tell you. 不定式作定语: 40 I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about. (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词.) 请给我一支写字的笔. Please give me a pen to write with. (常常表示将来的动作) 不定式做定语 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。 1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系： (1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 (2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。 2. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 e.g. He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一个房间住。 e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。 4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。 e.g. Do you have anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？ Do you have anything to be sent ? 你有什么东西要被寄吗？ 1.Do you have anything more_______ ﹙要说﹚? 2.She has a lot of work _______﹙做﹚ every day . 3. The old man has a house _________ ﹙住﹚. 4. She is a nice person__________ ﹙共事﹚ . to say to do to live in to work with Practice Rainbow expects you to have a bright future. 考点一：跟“不定式”作宾语补足语的动词／动词短语 allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on, require, forbid, advise, recommend,, permit, 等 sb to do sth e.g. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _________ (speak) to the new students. 不定式作宾补: to speak 46 require, forbid, advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage + sb. +to do sth.(接动词的不定式作宾补) 但如果直接用动词作宾语时，还是用to do吗？ require, forbid, advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage + doing sth.(接动名词作宾语) I advise you to have a rest. I advise having a rest. 不定式作宾补难点: 五看 watch see look at observe notice 三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear 一感觉: feel 当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to: 被动语态不省to） 不定式作宾补难点: The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help. 五看 watch see look at observe notice 三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear 一感觉: feel warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等 不定式作宾补难点: e.g. I made him do his work. He was made to do his work (by me). 注意 1> help 后面的“to”可省去 e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water. 2> see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示 感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语时要省“to” （注：被动 语态不省to） 1.John was made the car for a week as a punishment A.to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 2.The patient was warned food after the operation. A.to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 3.Internet bars mustn’t let anybody bad things , especially children. A. watch B.to watch C. watching D. watches Practice A C A 51 不定式作状语 ___________(enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.　 为了享受数字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能手机。 To enjoy 考点一：作目的状语。可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 52 不定式作状语 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ________ (find) his plane high up in the sky. 　 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果却发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 to find 考点二：作结果状语。常用于下列结构中：only to do(表示意想不到的结果)；enough to do(足够做……)；too...to do...(太……而不能做……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等 53 不定式作状语 The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ________(see) anything that happened to be on. to see 考点三：作原因状语。常与表示喜怒哀乐、运气好坏的形容词(happy, ashamed, sorry, glad, delighted, angry, discouraged, shocked...)连用 54 1.To see you is glad. =It’s glad to see you. 2.I want to see you. 3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you. 5.He is the man to see you. 6.I’m glad to see you. 7.I went to see you. 8.He went so early as to see you 9. How to solve this problem is very important. （作主语） (作宾语） （作宾补） (作表语） （作定语） （作原因状语） （作目的状语） （作结果状语） 和疑问词连用 Summary 命 题 热 点 题 型 研 通 (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell) 1.My teacher was made ___________ his teaching because of poor health. to give up explaining/to be explained to be finished not to eat 3.We find it impossible for the work _____________ ahead of time. 4.The patient was warned ____________ oily food after the operation. 2.The sentence wants________________________ once more. 5.I meant _____________ you about it, but I forgot to do so. to have told __________(improve) my English grammar, I watched some videos made by Rainbow. I wanted ________(make) sure that my grammar was as good as it could be. Rainbow helped me ____________ (understand) some complex grammatical points. It is impossible _________(know) everything in a short time, but I improved a lot, and I would really like _________(thank) her for what she did. ________ (help) me like this was very kind. To improve to make (to) understand to know to thank To help 64 1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。 __________________ are both great happiness. 2中国人民决不会征服。 The Chinese people refuse _________________ 3据说他已经完成了他的工作。 He is said __________________________. 4 根据报道他们已安全到达。 They are reported ____________________ To love and to be loved to give in/ be conquered to have finished/completed his work to have arrived safely 5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。 I want this bike ___________________________. 6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。 Mary seemed _____________________________. 7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。 He is known __________________ a gold medal at the Olympic. to be repaired at once/ immediately to have been told about it to have been given Complete some sentences: 1、_________________________________(为了提高英语成绩), Tom goes to the English corner every day. 2、I was__________________________(太累了，难于入睡。) 3、She ran fast _______________________(为了赶上早班车). 4、He is____________________________(富有得可以买辆小汽车). In order to improve his English too tired to fall asleep. to catch the first bus rich enough to buy a car. 省略 Unit 3 Healthy Lifestyle 一、概述 在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫省略。如： 知识详解  Beg you pardon.  Sounds like a good idea.  （ I ）Beg you pardon.  ( It ) Sounds like a good idea.. 知识详解 二、分类详解 （一）简单句中的省略  1、 省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。如：  Thank you for your help.  ( I ) Thank you for your help. 简单句中的省略  Doesn’t matter.  ( It ) doesn’t matter. 知识详解 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如：  (There is) No smoking . （省略主语和谓语）  （Will you) Have a smoke ?  What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?  Why (do you) not say hello to him ? 简单句中的省略 知识详解 3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have 。如：  –Are you going there? – Yes, I’d like to . 简单句中的省略  He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to .  –Are you an engineer? – No, but I want to .  –He hasn’t finished the task yet. –Well, he ought to . (go there). (give me the chance). be have 知识详解 4、省略表语。如：  –Are you thirsty? – Yes, I am . 简单句中的省略  His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister . (thirsty). (lazy). 5、同时省略几个成分 。如：  Let’s meet at the same place as yesterday. (we met) 同时省略主、谓语 知识详解  –Have you finished your work ? –Not yet. 简单句中的省略 I have not finished my homework yet. I have not finished my homework yet. I have not finished my homework yet. （二）复合句中的省略  知识详解 1、主句中有一些成分被省略，如：  Sorry to hear you are ill. 主从复合句中的省略  Pity that he missed such a good chance.  –She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us.  –Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not. ( I’m ) ( It’s a ) =he is busy =he won’t attend the meeting 知识详解  －Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday? －I think so. 主从复合句中的省略 so I’m leaving for Beijing this Sunday.  －Tom must be free today. －If so. He can help us. so he is free. 2、主句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替，如： 知识详解  －It is going to rain, isn’t it? －I hope not. 主从复合句中的省略 not it is not going to rain. 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.　及I suppose　/believe　/hope not. Why not?等等。 知识详解  My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer. 并列中的省略 （省略相同的谓语动词） 1、两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 如：  When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter. (is getting) (is) 省略相同的谓语动词 （三）并列句中的省略  知识详解 其它形式的省略  We all know (that) the earth runs around the sun. (that) （四）其它形式的省略  1、连词的that省略 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。  Mary said (that) she is from American and that she is 16 years old. (that) 知识详解 其它形式的省略 （2） 在定语从句中，that, which, who在从句中作宾语时可省略。  I haven’t read the book (that/ which) you’re reading. (that/ which)  The man (that/ who) your father just talked to is our English teacher, Mr. Smith. (that/ who) 2、在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。 2、在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。 2、在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。  When asked what he had done, John just kept silent. 知识详解 其它形式的省略  When he was asked what he had done, John just kept silent. he  If he is free, Jack will go with us. he was  If free, Jack will go with us. he is  Unless invited, he won’t come. 知识详解 其它形式的省略  Unless he is invited, he won’t come. he  While he is doing house work, my father often listens to music. he is  While doing house work, my father often listens to music. he is he 知识详解 其它形式的省略 3、不定式符号to的省略  My father often asks me to go to the market and to buy some vegetables. (to) （1）并列的不定式可省去后面的 to. （2）介词but前若有动词do（did, does, done)，后面的不定式不带 to，否则要带to.  He had no choice but to wait. to  He had nothing to do but wait. wait 前若有do后则无to，前若无do，后必带to 知识详解 其它形式的省略  I’d like to help (to) do it for you. (to) （3） help 作“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带。 （4） find 作“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。  The parents found their son to study very hard. (to)  We found he to be very humorous. to be  He is kind enough to help me to do some work. (to) 但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。 但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。 但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。 知识详解 其它形式的省略 （5）一些使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。  I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by.  A man was noticed to enter the classroom. to X 这类使役动词及感官动词主要有 这类使役动词及感官动词主要有 一“感”: 二“听”: 三“让”: 四“看”: feel hear listen to have make let watch notice observe see 知识详解 其它形式的省略  What he can do is to keep silent. (to) （6）主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。 4、在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were, had, should时，常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句。  Were I you, I’d give the AIDS patient a hug. Were  Had I a lot of money, I’d aid the poor children. Had  Should there be bird-flu, what would we do? Should 知识详解 其它形式的省略  He suggest we should set out right away. (should) 5、在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可”或“禁止”等意义的名词性从句中使用“should + 动词原形”表示虚拟语气的，should常可以省略。如：  His suggestion is that we should set out right away. (should)  The order that we should stay where we are is very serious and severe. (should)  It’s very important that students should study hard at school. (should) Practice Exercises about Ellipsis. Discovering useful structures Rewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts. The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful. (_____) 2. A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman. 3. She has a daughter who is in hospital. 4. He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor . (___________________) (_____) (_____________) 5. Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didn’t she pass? or not. 6. She could not decided whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital . 7. When your nose is bleeding, you should bend forward so that the blood runs out of your nose and the blood doesn’t run down your throat. 8. Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven’t done a first aid course . not down your throat. These sentences are correct. However, one or more words have been left out. Can you tell your partner which words are missing ? 1) The cottage surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government. The cottage (which is) surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government. 2) The first book I read this term was more interesting than the second. The first book (that) I read this term was more interesting than the second (book that I read this term). 3) To her teacher’s surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than expected.    To her teacher’s surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than (she was) expected (to do). 4) I don’t think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have. I don’t think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have (returned from the hospital).   5) He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didn’t. He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didn’t (want to help the accident victim).    6) You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to. You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes). II. 下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。 1. Our hometown is no longer what it used to. 2. When I in trouble, I always turn to her for help. 3. Tom picked up a coin in the road and handed one to a policeman. be 第一个I 后加am 或去掉第一个I it 4. No one can bear being laughed in public. 5. When comparing with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all. 6. The goods were ordered last month haven’t arrived yet. at compared goods后加that 或去掉were ▼语法应试 I. 改写句子 （使用省略手段避免下面各句重复与冗赘） 1. Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don’t know who has used it. 2. John worked hard but his brother did not work hard. 3. I have lazy students and hardworking students in my class. 4. --- Has he ever been abroad? --- No, he has never been abroad. 1.我伯父的身体比我上次给你去信时好些了。 2.这种物质称为水, 其重要性仅次于氧。 1.My uncle is better than when I wrote to. 2.This substance we call water, and come next only to oxygen． 3.上海即使不是世界上最大的城市也堪称世界最大的城市之一。 4.我的兄弟有抽烟，而我不抽烟。 3.Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world, if not the largest (city). 4.My brother smokes, but I don’t (smoke). 5.一旦出版, 这部小说将成为今年的畅销书之一。 5.When published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year. ——规则点拨 动词不定式作定语 1．表示将来。 The bridge to be built here will bring great convenience to the local people. 这里将要建起的桥会给当地人带来很大的便利。 2．用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且中心词与不定式之间为主动关系。 He was the first man to land on the moon. 他是第一个登上月球的人。 3．很多抽象名词后可接不定式作定语，如ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, campaign, chance, courage, decision, determination等。 The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic. 竞争的压力使美国人精力充沛。 ——规则点拨 动词不定式作宾语补足语 1．动词＋宾语＋不定式(to do)。 Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 2．to be的不定式结构作补语。 We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。 3．to be＋形容词。 The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人们认为这本书没什么意思。 4．在“with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，若宾语补足语是不定式，不定式所表示的动作将要发生，且句子的主语是该动作逻辑上的执行者，此时不定式须用主动式。 With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly­elected president is having a hard time. 有很多的问题要解决，这位新当选的总统会有一个艰难时期。 动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语，其中的动词和主句的主语之间要形成主谓关系。在句子中可以充当： 1．目的状语。动词不定式作目的状语常用的形式：to do, only to do (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so (such) ...as to ...(如此……以便……)。 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他跑得飞快以便赶上第一班汽车。 ——规则点拨 2．结果状语。表示事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。 He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜了整个房间什么也没有找到。 3．原因状语。 The water is too cold to drink. (不用被动语态)水太凉了不能喝。 $$