Unit 1 Road to Success-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（沪外版）

Unit 1 Road to Success 语法专项精讲精练 音 语法概览 女同步语法一：-ing/-ed形式作补语 女同步语法二：动词短语搭配：Verb+of 语法精讲精练— ()基本定义 -ig形式（现在分词）和-ed形式（过去分词）可在句中充当补语，对句子的宾语或主语进 行补充说明。作补语时，它们与所补充的名词/代词之间具有特定的逻辑关系： -ig形式：表示主动或正在进行（被补充的名词是动作的发出者） ed形式：表示被动或已完成（被补充的名词是动作的承受者） 补语分为宾语补足语（宾补）和主语补足语（主补，常见于被动语态中），是高考语法填空、 短文改错、写作中的高频考点。 (二)核心用法与位置（分类详表） 类别 用法 式 例句 宾语主动发出动作（正在 感官动词 进行) I saw him crossing the street ing 宾语承受动作（被动/已完 感官动词 I saw the street crossed by ed 成) pedestrians 宾语主动发出动作（持续/ 使役动词 He kept me waiting for an hour. 进行) ing 使役动词 宾语承受动作（被动/完成） -ed I had my hair cut yesterday 表示“发现/认为” 宾语主动发出动作 We found him playing the piano ing 表示“发现/认为” 宾语承受动作 We found the city destroyed by -ed war. 1.感官动词后宾补形式的区分 感官动词后若接不带to的不定式（如see sb do sth),强调动作全过程或经常发生；接- ing强调动作正在进行。但在作补语时，不定式与-ing的区分是高频考点。 2.使役动词have/get后接宾补的三种模式 have/get+宾语+do(主动，让某人做某事) have/get+宾语+doing(主动，让某人持续做某事) have/get+宾语+done(被动，让某事被做) (三)重点区分（高考必考易混点） 1.-ing作补语vs-ed作补语 -ing:主动，正在进行或持续状态 ②例句：I heard her singing in the next room. ed:被动，已完成或表示状态 Q例句：I heard the song sung by her.. 2.易错点 某些动词的-ed形式已转化为形容词，如interested,excited,surprised等。此时作补 语表示人的情感状态，而非动作被动。 O例句：The news left me surprised, 不及物动词的过去分词作补语时，只表完成不表被动。 ②例句：I found the leaves fallen on the ground. 3.主语补足语的被动转换 当带有宾补的句子变为被动语态时，原宾语变为主语，原宾补则成为主语补足语。此时 ing/-ed形式依然保持与主语的逻辑关系。 主动句：They found the boy lying on the ground. 被动句：The boy was found lying on the ground.(ying为主动进行，与主语boy 是主谓关系) 主动句：Ve saw the window broken, 被动句：The window was seen broken.(broken为被动/完成，与主语window是 动宾关系) 注意：在被动结构中，主语补足语不能省略，且形式与主动时一致。 (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） l.感官动词后宾补形式的选择(doing vs done vs do) g例句：He watched the sun rising over the sea.(主动进行) g例句：He watched the homework done by his sister..(被动完成) 2.“wth+宾语+宾补”复合结构（非谓语作补语的独立主格结构） g例句：With so many problems unsolved,the manager couldn't sleep well. ②例句：She left the office,with the lights still burning: 3.使役动词get/have的宾语补足语 O例句：I need to get my computer repaired.(被动) O例句：He had us laughing all the time.(主动进行) 4.被动语态中的主语补足语 例句：The thief was caught stealing the wallet..(主动进行) 例句：The door was found locked when we arrived.(被动状态) 5.表示“使/让"的动词（如make,keep,leave)后接宾补的惯用表达 例句：Don't keep me waiting too long, 例句：The bad news left him depressed. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The teacher caught the student his homework in the exam. A.copying B.copied C.to copy D.having copied 2.I'm sorry to have kept you for such a long time. A.wait B.waiting C.waited D.to wait 3.The manager had his assistant the documents immediately. A.type B.typing C.typed D.to type 4.We saw the old man down by a car on the street. A.knock B.knocking C.knocked D.being knocked 5.She found herself in a strange city with no money. A.losing B.lost C.to lose D.lose 6.With so much work I can't go to the party tonight. A.doing B.done C.to do D.being done 7.He left the classroom,with the lights on. A.burning B.burnt C.to burn D.being burnt 8.The missing boy was last seen near the river. A.playing B.played C.to play D.play 9.I heard the song by a famous singer many times. A.sing B.singing C.sung D.to sing 10.They got the machine again after two hours of repair. A.run B.running C.ran D.to run (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式(-ing或-ed)填空。 1.I saw a little girl (cry)in the corner of the station. 2.The patient was found (lie)on the floor,unconscious. 3.He had his watch(steal)on the crowded bus. 4.The children kept me (entertain)with their funny stories 5.We heard the window (break)by the strong wind last night 6.With the problem(settle),they finally relaxed 7.She felt her heart (beat)fast when she saw the result 8.The suspect was caught (try)to cross the border illegally. (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（(-ing或-ed)。 Last night,I had a strange dream.I found myself 1. (stand)on top of a mountain,with clouds 2. (float)below me.I could hear a voice 3. (call)my name from far away.I turned around and saw a strange figure 4. (dress)in black,holding a lantern.The figure kept me 5.(follow)it deeper into the forest. Suddenly,I felt something 6.(pull)me from behind.I was so frightened that I couldn't move.I saw a huge tree 7.(fall)onto me,but before it hit me,I woke up with my heart 8.(race).I had my sleep 9. (interrupt) by a nightmare again.With my whole body 10.(shake),I turned on the light and tried to calm down. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.A;2.B;3.A;4.C;5.B;6.C;7.A;8.A;9.C;10.B (二)用所 给词的适当 1.crying 2.lying 3.stolen 4.entertained 5.broken 6.settled 形式填空 7.beating 8.trying (三)篇章 1.standing 2.floating 3.calling 4.dressed 5.following 6.pulling 语法填空 7.falling 8.racing 9.interrupted 10.shaking 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 “Verb+off"是英语中常见的动词短语(phrasal verbs)结构。off作为小品词，与 不同动词搭配后，可表达“离开、断开、取消、结束、成功、炫耀”等多种含义。这类短 语在高考语法填空、完形填空和写作中频繁出现，是提升表达地道性的关键考点。 (二)核心用法与搭配分类 根据off的含义角色，常用Verb+off可分为以下几类。下表汇总了高频搭配及其语义 方向： 类别 常见短语 核心含义 例句 ①离开/ set off,take off, 动身、起飞、离开 They set off for the airport at 出发 go off dawn. ②断开/ turn off,cut off, Please turn off the lights before 关闭、切断、中断 关闭 break off leaving. ③取消/ The meeting was called off due 推迟 put off,call off 推迟、取消 to the storm. ④结束/ 还清、完成（尤指 Hard work finally paid off;he got 完成 pay off,finish off 彻底结束) the promotion. ⑤成功/ 成功、奏效 The risky plan came off in the 获利 pay off,come off end ⑥炫耀/ He always shows off his new show off,talk off 炫耀、卖弄 展示 gadgets. ⑦阻止/ 不接近、避免 The sign says "Keep off the 远离 keep off,stay off grass." ⑧送别/ We went to the station to see see off,send off 送行、打发走 分离 her off. ★注意：0仟在部分短语中可作介词（后接宾语）或副词（宾语可放中间或后面），需根 据动词及物性判断。例如： turn off the light=turn the light of(副词) get off the bus(介词，宾语只能放后面) (三)核心含义区分（高考易混点） take off:脱下（衣服）；起飞（飞机） put off:推迟；使..反感（口语，如out sb off) cut off:切断（供电、供水）；中断（通话、关系） goo开：爆炸、发出响声；变质（食物） pay off:还清债务；成功、得到回报 注意及物与不及物用法。例如： The bomb went off.(不及物，无宾语) He went off his medicine.(及物，意为“放弃/停止服用") (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.宾语位置规侧 若宾语是名词，短语可拆分或合并： He turned off the TV./He turned the TV off. 若宾语是人称代词，必须放中间： He turned it off.(不能说turned off it) 2被动语态中短语不可拆分 正确：The light was turned off. 错误：The light was turned the off. 3.不同动词+off的语义辨析（完形填空常考） set off(出发/触发)vs.put off(推迟) call off(取消)vs.see off(送行) 4.固定搭配中的介词off keep off(远离)后直接接宾语：Keep off the topic. stay off(不接触)：Stay off your phone during class. 5.不规则动词的过去分词 常见短语中动词需变为过去分词形式： The event was called off.The debt has been paid off. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The alarm clock didn't this morning,so I was late for school. A.go off B.go on C.go out D.go over 2.The government decided to the project because of lack of funds. A.put off B.put up C.put on D.put out 3.After the heavy rain,the workers had to the electricity supply to avoid accidents. A.cut down B.cut off C.cut up D,cut in 4.She always her new clothes in front of her classmates. A.shows off B.shows up C.shows around D.shows in 5.The plane will at 3:00 p.m.from Beijing International Airport. A.take away B.take out C.take off D.take over 6.The football match was because of the thunderstorm. A.called off B.called on C.called up D.called out 7.You'd better smoking if you want to keep healthy. A.keep off B.keep on C.keep up D.keep out 8.Hard work and determination finally ;he was admitted to his dream university. A.paid back B.paid off C.paid for D.paid out 9.Don't forget to the lights when you leave the room. A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down 10.They went to the airport to their friend,who was leaving for London. A.see off B.see through C.see to D.see about (仁)用所给动词短语的适当形式填空(8小题) 从方框中选择合适的动词短语（可重复使用），并用其正确形式（注意时态、语态、人称） 填空。每个短语只能用一次。 1.The old couple managed to all their debts within ten years. 2.It's rude to your wealth in public. 3.The explosion when the fire reached the gas tank. 4.We had to the picnic because of the sudden rain. 5.Please the computer if you are not using it. 6.The city was completely from the outside world after the earthquake. 7.The doctor advised him to fatty food to reduce his cholesterol. 8.The explorers early in the morning to avoid the heat. (三)完成句子(5小题) 根据汉语提示，用“Veb+off"短语完成句子，每空词数不限。 1.妈妈告诉我离开房间时务必关掉空调。 Mother told me to make sure to the air conditioner when leaving the room. 2.因为暴风雪，所有的航班都被取消了。 All flights due to the snowstorm. 3.他试图炫耀他的新智能手机，但没人感兴趣。 He tried to his new smartphone,but no one was interested. 4.他们决定推迟会议直到下周。 They decided to the meeting until next week. 5.那个小偷被警察切断了退路。 The thief had his escape route by the police. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.A;3.B;4.A5.C;6.A;7.A;8.B;9.B;10.A 选择 (二)用所 给动词短语 1.pay off 2.show off;3.went off;4.call off;5.turn off;6.cut 的适当形式 off;7.keep off 8.set off 填空 (三)完成 句子 1.turn off 2.were called off 3.show off;4.put off 5.cut off