专题05 阅读还原六选四（优选上海名校真题）（上海专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题05 阅读还原六选四（优选上海名校真题） (23-24高二下·上海敬业中学·期末) Crazy Laws It seems that the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, was right when he said, “Even when laws have been written down, they ought not always to remain unaltered.” 1 Some of them were strange right from the start! Did you know, for example, that London taxis (officially called Hackney carriages) are still legally required to carry hay and oats for their horses to eat? And in England, it is illegal to stand within 100 yards (91 metres) of the queen, without wearing socks? If you live in Scotland, however, it’s important to know that if someone knocks at the door of your house, and needs to use your toilet, you are legally required to let him in. 2 There, it is perfectly legal to shoot a Scotsman with a bow and arrow, unless it is a Sunday! 3 In France, you cannot call your pig Napoleon, and in Italy, a man can be arrested for wearing a skirt. That’s not all. In Alaska, US, while it’s legal to shoot bears, waking a sleeping bear to take its photo is prohibited. Still in Alaska, it is considered an offence to push a live moose out of an aeroplane. Lots of the craziest laws seem to involve animals. 4 And in Florida, if an elephant is left tied to a parking meter, the parking fine must be paid, just as it would for a vehicle. Last, children are forbidden from going to school with their breath smelling of wild onions in West Virginia. And in Arkansas, teachers who have a certain hairc ut (a bob) will not be given a pay-rise. In Florida, a woman can be fined for falling asleep under the hair-dryer and unmarried women must not parachute on a Sunday. If they do, they might be arrested, receive a fine or be put in jail. A．But if you are Scottish you should stay away from the city of York. B．Never should a Scotsman leave his own country. C．But strange laws don’t just exist in the UK. D．England is the place where craziest laws have been in existence for centuries. E．Laws in some parts of the world haven’t changed for centuries. F．In Hollywood, it is illegal to take more than 2,000 sheep down Hollywood Boulevard at any one time. (23-24高二下·上海青浦区·期末) How Young Americans Spend Their Money Young people have always puzzled their elders. Today’s youngsters are no different; indeed, they are confusing. They have thin wallets and expensive tastes. They prize convenience and a social conscience. They want shopping to be personal. 1 As they start spending in earnest, brands are trying to understand what these walking paradoxes with conflicting features want and how they shop. The answers will define the next era of consumerism. Their absolute numbers are impressive. The European Union is home to nearly 125m people between the ages of ten (the youngest will become consumers in the next few years) and 34. America has another 110m of these Gen-Zs and millennials, a third of the population. The annual spending of households headed by American Gen-Zs and millennials hit $2.7trn in 2021, around 30% of the total. 2 Forrester, a market-research firm, found that most users of “buy now, pay later” apps are around 20. Megan Scott, a 20-year-old student from London, speaks for many of her peers by admitting that, when shopping, she has no self-control—until the bill arrives. The light-speed online world also appears to have lowered tolerances for long delivery times. A study by Salesforce, a business-software giant, found that Gen-Z Americans, who prefer to use their phones to pay for shopping, are the likeliest of all age groups to want their groceries delivered within an hour. 3 The Internet has also changed how the young discover brands. Print, billboard or TV advertising has given way to social media. Instagram, part of Meta’s empire, and TikTok, a Chinese-owned app, are where the young look for inspiration, particularly for goods where looks matter such as fashion, beauty and sportswear. 4 Such apps are increasingly adding features that allow users to shop without ever leaving the platform. According to McKinsey, six in ten Americans under the age of 25 had completed a purchase on a social-media site. A．They desire genuineness while constantly immersed in a digital world. B．TikTok’s user-generated videos can lead even tiny brands to speedy viral fame. C．The lifestyle of the “moonlight clan” has made many young people feel overwhelmed. D．Easy access to means of spreading payments may encourage spending money like water. E．A heightened expectation of convenience comes with being raised in the age of Amazon. F．These “always-on purchasers” often shift from a weekly shop to quicker fixes of everything from fashion to furniture. (23-24高二下·上海华二紫竹·期末) How long should my novel be? This is a question I’m often asked, and it’s certainly not the same answer as how long a piece of string is! So, how long should your book actually be? If we work backwards, from a production department point of view, a book of approximately 100,000 words will come in somewhere between 300 to 400 pages. 1 I’d suggest that 80,000 words up works well, occasionally stretching to 120,000 words on rare occasions. Shorter texts are less daunting (使人气馁的) for an agent to submit rather than a block of manuscript so aim to make your publication path easier. There’s an implication that a standard book length should have a tighter handle on pacing, with the reader more readily drawn in. In turn, an overlong novel often indicates to a publisher that there’s potentially extensive editing work to be done by them. 2 For example, historical fiction could more comfortably sit near the 120,000 mark. Literary fiction can head in the other direction, with 60,000 words still offering a feeling of fundamental worth to the publisher and reader, with an implication that the text is highly developed. More commonly, issues over length tend to highlight that pacing is an issue, be it too long or too short. Overwriting, in particular, can be an issue for many authors, who might struggle to express their ideas clearly, using complex language that play down the flow of the book. Successful writing contains a clarity of thought that enables the writer to connect with the reader for maximum impact, allowing the story, characters and setting to shine through. In terms of content, it’s important for an author to prioritise the key themes in the book. 3 Allow your reader to piece together information you delicately work through your text and avoid excess scenes and information, revealing instead what’s needed to keep that tension pulsing. Be brave as you cut back on the unnecessary, keeping a backup copy of your novel just in case you change your mind. Work intuitively, from the heart, keeping secrets for as long as possible so the reader is forced to read on. In this way, a reader will readily connect with your words. 4 A．Books do have different thresholds (门槛) according to genre. B．This is plenty for a typical author’s book, particularly the first one. C．Yes, there are exceptions to every genre but these are generally rare. D．Is everything of equal importance and does everything need to be included? E．Longer books are more expensive to produce and harder to sell in, so it increases their risk. F．With a firm handle on length, your novel will have increased its chances of commercial publication. (23-24高二下·上海闵行区教育学院附中·期末) How to improve efficiency when working at home? Distinguish between work and home mode One of the biggest merits about working from home-slowly moving from bed to the sofa five minutes before you start-can also be your biggest challenge, says Eyre-White. Don’t forget that you are there to work — 1 “Switch from home to work mode,” she says, by having something you physically do to “flip the switch”. “Maybe it’s walking round the block, making a special kind of tea, or lighting a candle at your desk. It doesn’t matter what it is but do it without fail to create a strong association in your mind,” she says. Be realistic about what you can achieve “A wide, open day working from home can feel full of possibilities. 145 things on the to do list? No problem! Don’t fall into the trap of being over-ambitious,” says Eyre-White. Instead, she recommends being realistic and then possibly achieving more than you set out to; and feeling satisfied, rather than feeling disappointed you didn’t do everything. She suggests choosing three to five things to do and aim to get the majority done before lunch. “ 2 .”she recommends. Work in short bursts In the office your day is broken up by everything from meeting s to water-cooler chats, lunch breaks and even toilet breaks, but when you are sat at home on your own with no face-to-face interaction planned it can be easy to just work for long, unbroken periods. “ 3 Although this can be frustrating, they divide the day up and create natural chunks of time,” explains Eyre-White. “In contrast, a day at home can be very unstructured.” In order to be productive, she recommends imposing structure on yourself. For example, working in 45-60 minute chunks of focused work followed by a short break. “This can be an effective way to break the day up and maintain your concentration levels,” she says. Manage distractions Being in an office gives us a limited number of ways to get distracted but when you start working in a new environment (especially a very familiar one) it can be easy to let yourself get distracted. “ 4 ” says Byre-White. “So proactively manage things which might interrupt your focus.” She explains: “Keep them limited to short breaks in between chunks of focused work. A change of scene is all we need to give our brain a break, and it’s the perfect time to put a load of washing on or empty the dishwasher.” A．There are a lot of potential distractions when we work from home. B．Unless you’re self-isolating, working from home shouldn’t mean that you don’t leave the house at all or don’t see anyone for two weeks. C．We all slowdown in the mid-afternoon and having a lot of your list under your belt will give you the motivation to power through. D．Leave your desk for lunch and take advantage of being at home to walk the dog and blow the cobwebs away for half an hour in the afternoon. E．When we’re in the office our day is normally broken up with meetings. F．So set yourself up the right way, get dressed and brush your teeth at the start of the day rather than sitting in your pyjamas for eight hours. (23-24高二下·上海川沙中学·期末) Immersive Art Draws People In With bold, swirling brushstrokes (绘画技巧) and vivid colors, Vincent van Gogh’s stirring Starry Night brings to life a turbulent (汹涌的) sky. It’s one of the most recognizable paintings in the world. And gazing at the scenic canvas can make museum visitors feel starstruck. But seeing this masterpiece on a gallery wall isn’t the only way art fans can experience its impact 1 . They find themselves surrounded by shimmering colors that dance before their eyes and ripple (涟漪) at their feet. These exhibitions digitally project moving images onto walls, floors, and sometimes onto viewers themselves. They are examples of immersive art. 2 . While it can be hard to characterize, it’s generally a multisensory, an interactive event that engages viewers and lets them feel like part of the artwork. One thing is certain — these exhibitions have been wildly popular — selling out tickets in cities worldwide. Van Gogh gained fame only after his death. In fact, the 19th-century painter sold just one painting during his lifetime. But now he is immersive art’s biggest superstar. His work has been showcased in various exhibitions featuring immense images. 3 . One show, Van Gogh Alive, has appeared in 65 countries since 2011. It even features a signature scent for visitors to sniff. Shows of other artists — including Monet, Renoir, and Chagall — have lit up venues, too. The popularity of immersive art has been powered party by social media. As visitors post selfies featuring van Gogh’s art or videos of friends stepping into a fantastical fridge, these experiences draw bigger and bigger crowds. 4 . That’s because many curators and creators share a common goal — to help more people get into art! A．Immersive art doesn’t simply mean sitting in a glass case or fitting in a frame. B．The art work is animated and accompanied by music, voices, and background sound. C．In fact, some exhibits give people a chance to be enveloped by van Gogh’s celebrated painting. D．Meanwhile, traditional museums are following the trend and applying immersive technologies E．Critics once described his work as a multidimensional mystery house leading to secret passages. F．More important is the ability to bridge the gap between traditional art spaces and modern audiences. (23-24高二下·上海南汇中学·期末) A new technique to work out a corpse’s time of death In fiction, forensic (法医的) experts presented with a corpse are able to take a bite of their sandwich and instantly pronounce a time of death. Reality is, of course, a lot messier, and the results — or lack of them — can make or break a case. Now artificial intelligence is offering a helping hand. By analyzing thousands of deaths and what follows, the technology can offer the best estimates so far of PMI, Post-Mortem Interval (尸体死后间隔). 1 For decades these specialists have had to rely on intuition, combined with observations of the state of the deceased and clues such as temperature, both of the dead body and the environment. Different bodies decay at different rates, however, and individual circumstances can throw off the most careful PMI calculations. A body found in a ditch in northern England in 2004, for example, was given a wrongly late time of death because the ditch was sheltered from sunlight and the colder-than-expected conditions had helped preserve the corpse. Forensis-science journals are full of such cases while the potentially useful details of thousands more investigations are buried in case files around the world. 2 . The result is an AI-powered tool, called geoFOR, that could offer the most reliable estimates of PMI so far. Sandwiches are not included. Developed by a research team led by Katherine Weisensee at Clemson University in South Carolina, the model is based on data pooled from more than 2,500 death investigations, with more added each week. About 1,800 of these are real-world cases involving the discovery of a body. 3 . Corpses here are left to decay for weeks and months under varied circumstances. With their precise PMI known, photos and descriptions of their various states of decomposition over time, along with information about temperature, humidity, wind, soil type and other conditions, have all helped train the AI model. The results could be used to check alibis and help solve crimes, but they have other uses too. Madeline Atwell, a forensic anthropologist at Clemson University who works on the project, says the model has already helped close several missing-person cases. 4 “You match it with missing-person records, and that helps narrow your time frame,” she says. A．With more cases and examples added to the database, the results will be more reliable. B．Entering the location allows the AI model to take local weather conditions into consideration. C．The rest are drawn from forensic experiments at so-called “body farms” in Texas and Tennessee. D．Combining time of death with when people were last seen alive is very useful in identifying human remains. E．Working out when a person has died is the most basic but frustratingly imprecise part of a forensic investigator’s work. F．Now forensic researchers in America are working to collect and access these valuable papers, and to use machine learning to analyze them. (23-24高二下·上海七宝中学·期末) Are you a multitasker? Do you watch TV and cook dinner at the same time? Do you often interrupt your work to check your email? Do you talk on your phone while you’re driving? 1 According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly. Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time. Popular electronic devices like tablets and smart phone s make it convenient to do several tasks at once. 2 Melissa Brown of Evanston, Illinois, says she has no trouble listening to music, surfing the Internet, and sending text messages to friends while she does her homework. 3 That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “micro-interruptions” in which people stop one task, start another, and eventually return to the first one. These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption. 4 This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes. It can even be dangerous, as in the case of people who talk on the phone, eat, or even apply makeup while driving. A．So people feel like they are getting more done. B．If you do these or similar things, then you are one of many multitaskers. C．People are less able to filter out their knowledge of the previous task and look at things afresh. D．Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. E．Recent studies, however, show that Melissa and others like her are perhaps getting less done than they think they are. F．Now, with numerous studies to refer to, the answer could not be more clear-multitasking isn’t all it’s supposed to be. (23-24高二下·上海松江高级中学·期末) Google is my doctor When illustrator Scott Adams lost his voice, his doctors were confused. 1 It turned out that Scott was suffering from spasmodic dysphonia-a neurological disorder affecting the muscles to voice. With the help of Google Alerts and advice from his doctors, Scott got in touch with an expert in the US and had special surgery on his throat to cure his problem. He is now a firm believer of using the Internet for self-diagnosis. Adams is one of an increasing number of people who have started using the Internet to get health advice. The advantages are numerous, starting of course with the obvious convenience of getting a diagnosis from the comfort of your own home. 2 But the Internet can provide a vast number of specialized experts, and Googling can help you tap in to that. Diagnosing minor medical problems from information on the Internet can also have an impact on society’s medical costs. You can compare insect bites with Internet pictures, ask what type they are and whether they are dangerous without wasting your busy doctor’s precious time. However, it must be said that diagnosis is tricky, and comparing your rash(疹子) with an online photo may lead you down the wrong path. 3 Doctors also take into account your medical history, state of mind, etc. So no computerized symptoms checklist can equal a complete professional assessment. In conclusion, the Internet is a good starting point in diagnosing your health problems, but you should always consult your doctor before acting on anything you find there. 4 . A．On a professional level, there is no way one doctor car be an expert in everything. B．It was not until he turned to the Internet that he managed to identify his condition. C．This condition was the very one that made him unable to speak D．Appearance provides only ten percent of the information needed to make a diagnosis. E．Do not underestimate the value of talking to real people — doctors and telephone helplines will help you put what you read into context. F．To sum up, if your doctor refuses to talk to you, the Internet will give you a better solution. (23-24高二下·上海宝山区·期末) It is certainly difficult to make money. But should money be difficult to give away? In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D．Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in 1889 that $950 of every $1,000 that went to charity was “unwisely spent”. 1 Donors ran lengthy application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements. In 2006 The Economist called it “philanthrocapitalism (慈善资本主义)”. 2 The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% of their combined fortunes, according to Forbes. At the last count in 2022, almost $1.2 trn was sitting in American private foundations and $230bn in donor-advised funds, a sort of savings account for donors. Plenty of money is being marked for charity. But it is not getting to worthy causes fast enough. Fortunately, a new generation of donors is once again shaking up the world of big philanthropy (慈善事业). Leading the mission is MacKenzie Scott, who simplified the process of giving and is donating billions of dollars a year with few conditions. This “no-strings giving” is changing mega-donors’ long-held assumptions. 35 One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves. 3 An upside of a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients. Donors can team up and share the work, too. Another lesson from the no-strings crowd is that philanthropists can trust recipients to put money to good use once the proper due diligence is in place. That means analyzing a nonprofit organization’s annual reports and interviewing its leaders and other funders. A．It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door. B．In addition to that, her charity work is too numerous to mention. C．However, this idea that charities’ money is wasted has been proven wrong by evidence. D．Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff. E．Two decades on, however, it’s become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving. F．Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste. (23-24高二下·上海新川中学·期末) We all have friends that need a little advice, but one of the problems with those types of conversations is that it’s really easy to come off as a know-it-all when you’re offering help. When you do that, nobody’s going to listen. 1 But it’s not an easy conversation to have someone, especially when you know all the extenuating circumstances of the situation. I talked with relationship and family therapist Roger S. Gil to get some advice for dealing with these situations. Obviously not everyone is looking for your advice. Before you go offering up your point of view, make sure they’re interested in hearing it. As Roger Gil points out, often friends aren’t looking for you to solve a problem. They just want you to listen and maybe ask some questions. So, ask if they’d like to hear your input or insights on a problem, but also ask questions about why thee feel a certain way. If they say “no”, let them finish their story and listen politely. 2 Just wait for them to finish complaining before offering advice (or asking if they want). Sometimes the best way to figure something out is to do it on their own. Speaking of listening. It’s also a good idea to figure out right away what your friends want from you. Gil describes this as differentiating between opinions, expert advice, and being a “sounding board”. Essentially, don’t pretend like you know something you don’t. 39 Now that you know whether or not your friends or family actually want your advice, it’s time to learn how to advise without sounding like a know-it-all. This is a lot harder than you might think. As Gil points out, one way to offer advice without sounding pretentious (自以为是的) is to avoid “You should” statements. 3 By offering up your opinion clearly defined as your opinion, you remove the implication that “you know best”. A．Definitely don’t act like you’ve been in a situation you haven’t been in. B．Different situations require different approaches so we need to know what we should contribute. C．Gil also adds that even when you know the answer to something, you might want to keep your mouth shut. D．Gil’s advice, seems obvious, but it’s incredibly easy to get on your high-horse and use “You should” if you’re not careful. E．When you have a friend who’s stuck in trouble, it’s normal to want to provide some type of insight to get them out of it. F．However, the key is to make sure you stay in “listening mode” for as long as possible, and you don’t push your advice when it isn’t wanted. 试卷第10页，共11页 试卷第11页，共11页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题05 阅读还原六选四（优选上海名校真题） (23-24高二下·上海敬业中学·期末) Crazy Laws It seems that the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, was right when he said, “Even when laws have been written down, they ought not always to remain unaltered.” 1 Some of them were strange right from the start! Did you know, for example, that London taxis (officially called Hackney carriages) are still legally required to carry hay and oats for their horses to eat? And in England, it is illegal to stand within 100 yards (91 metres) of the queen, without wearing socks? If you live in Scotland, however, it’s important to know that if someone knocks at the door of your house, and needs to use your toilet, you are legally required to let him in. 2 There, it is perfectly legal to shoot a Scotsman with a bow and arrow, unless it is a Sunday! 3 In France, you cannot call your pig Napoleon, and in Italy, a man can be arrested for wearing a skirt. That’s not all. In Alaska, US, while it’s legal to shoot bears, waking a sleeping bear to take its photo is prohibited. Still in Alaska, it is considered an offence to push a live moose out of an aeroplane. Lots of the craziest laws seem to involve animals. 4 And in Florida, if an elephant is left tied to a parking meter, the parking fine must be paid, just as it would for a vehicle. Last, children are forbidden from going to school with their breath smelling of wild onions in West Virginia. And in Arkansas, teachers who have a certain hairc ut (a bob) will not be given a pay-rise. In Florida, a woman can be fined for falling asleep under the hair-dryer and unmarried women must not parachute on a Sunday. If they do, they might be arrested, receive a fine or be put in jail. A．But if you are Scottish you should stay away from the city of York. B．Never should a Scotsman leave his own country. C．But strange laws don’t just exist in the UK. D．England is the place where craziest laws have been in existence for centuries. E．Laws in some parts of the world haven’t changed for centuries. F．In Hollywood, it is illegal to take more than 2,000 sheep down Hollywood Boulevard at any one time. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．C 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了世界上一些疯狂的法律。 1．根据上文“It seems that the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, was right when he said,“Even when laws have been written down, they ought not always to remain unaltered.”（似乎希腊哲学家亚里士多德说得很对，“即使法律已经写下来，它们也不应该永远保持不变。”）可知，选项承接上文，说的都是法律是否改变的话题。故E选项“世界上有些地方的法律几个世纪以来都没有改变过。”切题。故选E项。 2．根据下文“There, it is perfectly legal to shoot a Scotsman with a bow and arrow, uniess it is a Sunday!”（在那里，用弓箭射击苏格兰人是完全合法的，除非是在星期天!）可知，设空处提到一个地方，在这个地方用弓箭射击苏格兰人是完全合法的；A选项“但如果你是苏格兰人，你应该远离约克市”指出，苏格兰人应该远离约克市；下文解释了苏格兰人应该远离约克市的原因，下文中的“There”指代选项中的“the city of York”。故选A项。 3．上面两段介绍了英国的一些奇怪的法律；下文“In France, you cannot call your pig Napoleon, and in Italy, a man can be arrested for wearing a skirt. That's not all. In Alaska, US, while it's legal to shoot bears, waking a sleeping bear to take its photo is prohibited.”（在法国，你不能叫你的猪拿破仑，在意大利，一个男人可能会因为穿裙子而被捕。这还不是全部。在美国阿拉斯加，虽然射杀熊是合法的，但叫醒熟睡的熊拍照是被禁止的。）介绍了法国、意大利和美国阿拉斯加的一些奇怪的法律。C选项“但奇怪的法律并不只存在于英国”承上启下，指出奇怪的法律不只局限于英国，符合语境。故选C项。 4．根据上文“Lots of the craziest laws seem to involve animals.”（许多最疯狂的法律似乎都与动物有关）以及下文“And in Florida, if an elephant is left tied to a parking meter, the parking fine must be paid, just as it would for a vehicle.”（在佛罗里达州，如果一头大象被绑在停车计时器上，就必须支付停车罚款，就像对一辆汽车一样。）可知，设空处承接上文具体说明与动物有关的法律，且与下文为并列关系。故F选项“在好莱坞，任何时候在好莱坞大道上牵着超过2000只羊是违法的。”切题。故选F项。 (23-24高二下·上海青浦区·期末) How Young Americans Spend Their Money Young people have always puzzled their elders. Today’s youngsters are no different; indeed, they are confusing. They have thin wallets and expensive tastes. They prize convenience and a social conscience. They want shopping to be personal. 1 As they start spending in earnest, brands are trying to understand what these walking paradoxes with conflicting features want and how they shop. The answers will define the next era of consumerism. Their absolute numbers are impressive. The European Union is home to nearly 125m people between the ages of ten (the youngest will become consumers in the next few years) and 34. America has another 110m of these Gen-Zs and millennials, a third of the population. The annual spending of households headed by American Gen-Zs and millennials hit $2.7trn in 2021, around 30% of the total. 2 Forrester, a market-research firm, found that most users of “buy now, pay later” apps are around 20. Megan Scott, a 20-year-old student from London, speaks for many of her peers by admitting that, when shopping, she has no self-control—until the bill arrives. The light-speed online world also appears to have lowered tolerances for long delivery times. A study by Salesforce, a business-software giant, found that Gen-Z Americans, who prefer to use their phones to pay for shopping, are the likeliest of all age groups to want their groceries delivered within an hour. 3 The Internet has also changed how the young discover brands. Print, billboard or TV advertising has given way to social media. Instagram, part of Meta’s empire, and TikTok, a Chinese-owned app, are where the young look for inspiration, particularly for goods where looks matter such as fashion, beauty and sportswear. 4 Such apps are increasingly adding features that allow users to shop without ever leaving the platform. According to McKinsey, six in ten Americans under the age of 25 had completed a purchase on a social-media site. A．They desire genuineness while constantly immersed in a digital world. B．TikTok’s user-generated videos can lead even tiny brands to speedy viral fame. C．The lifestyle of the “moonlight clan” has made many young people feel overwhelmed. D．Easy access to means of spreading payments may encourage spending money like water. E．A heightened expectation of convenience comes with being raised in the age of Amazon. F．These “always-on purchasers” often shift from a weekly shop to quicker fixes of everything from fashion to furniture. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．F 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了年轻人的购物方式和影响。 1．由上文“They have thin wallets and expensive tastes. They prize convenience and a social conscience. They want shopping to be personal. (他们的钱包很薄，品味很贵。他们看重便利和社会良知。他们希望购物是个性化的。)”和后文“As they start spending in earnest, brands are trying to understand what these walking paradoxes with conflicting features want and how they shop.  (随着他们开始认真消费，各大品牌正试图了解这些特征相互矛盾的“行走悖论”想要什么，以及他们的购物方式。)”可知，本句也和上下句一样，以“They”为主语，论述年轻人的特点，故A选项“They desire genuineness while constantly immersed in a digital world. (他们渴望真诚，同时不断地沉浸在数字世界中。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 2．由下文“Forrester, a market-research firm, found that most users of “buy now, pay later” apps are around 20. Megan Scott, a 20-year-old student from London, speaks for many of her peers by admitting that, when shopping, she has no self-control—until the bill arrives. (市场研究公司Forrester发现，大多数使用“先买后付”应用程序的用户年龄在20岁左右。来自伦敦的20岁学生梅根·斯科特(Megan Scott)道出了许多同龄人的心声，她承认，在购物时，她没有自制力——直到账单来了。)”可知，本空要说跟“‘先买后付’导致花钱多”有关的话题，故D选项“Easy access to means of spreading payments may encourage spending money like water. (易于获得分散支付的手段可能会鼓励像喝水一样花钱。)”能概括下文，符合题意。故选D。 3．由上文“The light-speed online world also appears to have lowered tolerances for long delivery times. (光速的网络世界似乎也降低了对长时间递送的容忍度。)”和“who prefer to use their phones to pay for shopping, are the likeliest of all age groups to want their groceries delivered within an hour.(更喜欢用手机支付购物费用的人，是所有年龄段中最有可能在一小时内送达食品杂货的人。)”可知，本空要说跟“在线购物”有关的话题，故F选项“These “always-on purchasers” often shift from a weekly shop to quicker fixes of everything from fashion to furniture. (这些“永远在线的购买者”经常从每周的商店转向更快地修复从时尚到家具的一切。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 4．由上文“Instagram, part of Meta’s empire, and TikTok, a Chinese-owned app, are where the young look for inspiration, particularly for goods where looks matter such as fashion, beauty and sportswear. (Meta帝国的一部分Instagram和中国拥有的应用TikTok是年轻人寻找灵感的地方，尤其是在时尚、美容和运动服等外观重要的商品上。)”可知，本空要说跟“TikTok”有关的话题，故B选项“TikTok’s user-generated videos can lead even tiny brands to speedy viral fame. (TikTok的用户生成视频甚至可以让小品牌迅速走红。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 (23-24高二下·上海华二紫竹·期末) How long should my novel be? This is a question I’m often asked, and it’s certainly not the same answer as how long a piece of string is! So, how long should your book actually be? If we work backwards, from a production department point of view, a book of approximately 100,000 words will come in somewhere between 300 to 400 pages. 1 I’d suggest that 80,000 words up works well, occasionally stretching to 120,000 words on rare occasions. Shorter texts are less daunting (使人气馁的) for an agent to submit rather than a block of manuscript so aim to make your publication path easier. There’s an implication that a standard book length should have a tighter handle on pacing, with the reader more readily drawn in. In turn, an overlong novel often indicates to a publisher that there’s potentially extensive editing work to be done by them. 2 For example, historical fiction could more comfortably sit near the 120,000 mark. Literary fiction can head in the other direction, with 60,000 words still offering a feeling of fundamental worth to the publisher and reader, with an implication that the text is highly developed. More commonly, issues over length tend to highlight that pacing is an issue, be it too long or too short. Overwriting, in particular, can be an issue for many authors, who might struggle to express their ideas clearly, using complex language that play down the flow of the book. Successful writing contains a clarity of thought that enables the writer to connect with the reader for maximum impact, allowing the story, characters and setting to shine through. In terms of content, it’s important for an author to prioritise the key themes in the book. 3 Allow your reader to piece together information you delicately work through your text and avoid excess scenes and information, revealing instead what’s needed to keep that tension pulsing. Be brave as you cut back on the unnecessary, keeping a backup copy of your novel just in case you change your mind. Work intuitively, from the heart, keeping secrets for as long as possible so the reader is forced to read on. In this way, a reader will readily connect with your words. 4 A．Books do have different thresholds (门槛) according to genre. B．This is plenty for a typical author’s book, particularly the first one. C．Yes, there are exceptions to every genre but these are generally rare. D．Is everything of equal importance and does everything need to be included? E．Longer books are more expensive to produce and harder to sell in, so it increases their risk. F．With a firm handle on length, your novel will have increased its chances of commercial publication. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．F 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要以“一本书应该有多长的篇幅”为话题进行了讲述，提出了出版对于字数的基本要求，同时分析了不同类型的小说书籍在篇幅上的基本要求，以及书籍在内容方面如何安排。 1．根据前文“If we work backwards, from a production department point of view, a book of approximately 100,000 words will come in somewhere between 300 to 400 pages.(如果我们倒推，从生产部门的角度来看，一本约10万字的书将有300至400页。)”提到了可出版的书籍的字数，那么设空句紧跟其后，应就其字数或篇幅进行评价。选项B“This is plenty for a typical author’s book, particularly the first one.(这对于一个典型的作者的书来说已经足够了，尤其是第一本。)”中的“This”对应了前文内容，且在句意上是对前文的评价，符合分析。故选B项。 2．分析可知，设空句为该段的中心主旨句。根据后文内容“For example, historical fiction could more comfortably sit near the 120,000 mark. Literary fiction can head in the other direction, with 60,000 words still offering a feeling of fundamental worth to the publisher and reader, with an implication that the text is highly developed.(例如，历史小说可以更轻松地接近12万字大关。文学小说可以朝着另一个方向发展，6万字仍然给出版商和读者带来一种基本价值感，这意味着文本高度发达。)”可知，该段主要讲述了不同类型的书籍在字数上的要求不同。选项A“Books do have different thresholds according to genre.(书籍确实根据类型有不同的门槛。)”贴合该段主旨。故选A项。 3．根据前文“In terms of content, it’s important for an author to prioritise the key themes in the book.(就内容而言，作者在书中优先考虑关键主题是很重要的。)”可知，该段的主题是书本内容的安排。由此可知，设空句同样讲述“书本内容的安排”。选项D“Is everything of equal importance and does everything need to be included?(每件事都同等重要吗？每件事是否都需要包括在内？)”讲到了内容安排时的疑惑，贴合该段主题，在表达方面与前文内容衔接紧密。故选D项。 4．分析可知，设空句为文章末段末尾句内容，既是该段内容的总结升华，也应是对全文的话题总结。前文“Work intuitively, from the heart, keeping secrets for as long as possible so the reader is forced to read on. In this way, a reader will readily connect with your words.(凭直觉，发自内心，尽可能长时间地保守秘密，这样读者就会被迫继续读下去。这样，读者就会很容易与你的文字产生共鸣。)”提到了如何获得读者，由此推知，设空应是提到如何会被出版，选项F“With a firm handle on length, your novel will have increased its chances of commercial publication.(如果对篇幅把握得当，你的小说将增加商业出版的机会。)”提到了篇幅得当，就是增加出版的机会，既衔接了前文内容，也在话题上呼应全文话题“篇幅得当”。故选F项。 (23-24高二下·上海闵行区教育学院附中·期末) How to improve efficiency when working at home? Distinguish between work and home mode One of the biggest merits about working from home-slowly moving from bed to the sofa five minutes before you start-can also be your biggest challenge, says Eyre-White. Don’t forget that you are there to work — 1 “Switch from home to work mode,” she says, by having something you physically do to “flip the switch”. “Maybe it’s walking round the block, making a special kind of tea, or lighting a candle at your desk. It doesn’t matter what it is but do it without fail to create a strong association in your mind,” she says. Be realistic about what you can achieve “A wide, open day working from home can feel full of possibilities. 145 things on the to do list? No problem! Don’t fall into the trap of being over-ambitious,” says Eyre-White. Instead, she recommends being realistic and then possibly achieving more than you set out to; and feeling satisfied, rather than feeling disappointed you didn’t do everything. She suggests choosing three to five things to do and aim to get the majority done before lunch. “ 2 .”she recommends. Work in short bursts In the office your day is broken up by everything from meeting s to water-cooler chats, lunch breaks and even toilet breaks, but when you are sat at home on your own with no face-to-face interaction planned it can be easy to just work for long, unbroken periods. “ 3 Although this can be frustrating, they divide the day up and create natural chunks of time,” explains Eyre-White. “In contrast, a day at home can be very unstructured.” In order to be productive, she recommends imposing structure on yourself. For example, working in 45-60 minute chunks of focused work followed by a short break. “This can be an effective way to break the day up and maintain your concentration levels,” she says. Manage distractions Being in an office gives us a limited number of ways to get distracted but when you start working in a new environment (especially a very familiar one) it can be easy to let yourself get distracted. “ 4 ” says Byre-White. “So proactively manage things which might interrupt your focus.” She explains: “Keep them limited to short breaks in between chunks of focused work. A change of scene is all we need to give our brain a break, and it’s the perfect time to put a load of washing on or empty the dishwasher.” A．There are a lot of potential distractions when we work from home. B．Unless you’re self-isolating, working from home shouldn’t mean that you don’t leave the house at all or don’t see anyone for two weeks. C．We all slowdown in the mid-afternoon and having a lot of your list under your belt will give you the motivation to power through. D．Leave your desk for lunch and take advantage of being at home to walk the dog and blow the cobwebs away for half an hour in the afternoon. E．When we’re in the office our day is normally broken up with meetings. F．So set yourself up the right way, get dressed and brush your teeth at the start of the day rather than sitting in your pyjamas for eight hours. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．E 4．A 【导语】本文是说明文，针对如何提高在家工作效率提出建议。 1．根据下文““Switch from home to work mode,” she says, by having something you physically do to “flip the switch”. (她说，“从家庭模式切换到工作模式”，你可以做点什么来“拨动开关”)”可知，下文建议人们在家的时候要切换到工作模式。选项F“So set yourself up the right way, get dressed and brush your teeth at the start of the day rather than sitting in your pyjamas for eight hours. (所以，让自己以正确的方式，在一天的开始就穿好衣服并刷牙，而不是穿着睡衣坐八个小时。)”建议人们穿好衣服办公，所以是一种工作模式的切换，能引起下文，符合题意。故选F项。 2．根据上文“She suggests choosing three to five things to do and aim to get the majority done before lunch. (她建议选择三到五件事来做，目标是在午餐前完成大部分工作。)”可知，上文Eyre-White建议人们午餐前完成大部分工作。选项C“We all slowdown in the mid-afternoon and having a lot of your list under your belt will give you the motivation to power through. (我们都会在下午的时候放慢脚步，有很多事情要做会给你动力去完成。)”解释了为什么人们要在上午完成大部分工作，能承接上文，符合题意。故选C项。 3．根据后文“Although this can be frustrating, they divide the day up and create natural chunks of time,” explains Eyre-White. (Eyre-White解释说：“虽然这可能令人沮丧，但它们把一天分开，创造出自然的大块时间。”“相比之下，在家的一天可能会非常散漫。”)”此处说工作时会有一些事情分散了整天的时间。选项E“When we’re in the office our day is normally broken up with meetings. (当我们在办公室的时候，我们的一天通常被会议所分割。)”选项提到会议分割时间，此处照应后文“divide the day up”。故选E项。 4． 根据后文“So proactively manage things which might interrupt your focus (因此，主动管理那些可能会打断你注意力的事情。)” 建议人们处理干扰事项。选项A“There are a lot of potential distractions when we work from home. (当我们在家工作时，有很多潜在的干扰因素)”，能引起下文，符合题意，此处“distractions”对应后文的“interrupt”，故选A项。 (23-24高二下·上海川沙中学·期末) Immersive Art Draws People In With bold, swirling brushstrokes (绘画技巧) and vivid colors, Vincent van Gogh’s stirring Starry Night brings to life a turbulent (汹涌的) sky. It’s one of the most recognizable paintings in the world. And gazing at the scenic canvas can make museum visitors feel starstruck. But seeing this masterpiece on a gallery wall isn’t the only way art fans can experience its impact 1 . They find themselves surrounded by shimmering colors that dance before their eyes and ripple (涟漪) at their feet. These exhibitions digitally project moving images onto walls, floors, and sometimes onto viewers themselves. They are examples of immersive art. 2 . While it can be hard to characterize, it’s generally a multisensory, an interactive event that engages viewers and lets them feel like part of the artwork. One thing is certain — these exhibitions have been wildly popular — selling out tickets in cities worldwide. Van Gogh gained fame only after his death. In fact, the 19th-century painter sold just one painting during his lifetime. But now he is immersive art’s biggest superstar. His work has been showcased in various exhibitions featuring immense images. 3 . One show, Van Gogh Alive, has appeared in 65 countries since 2011. It even features a signature scent for visitors to sniff. Shows of other artists — including Monet, Renoir, and Chagall — have lit up venues, too. The popularity of immersive art has been powered party by social media. As visitors post selfies featuring van Gogh’s art or videos of friends stepping into a fantastical fridge, these experiences draw bigger and bigger crowds. 4 . That’s because many curators and creators share a common goal — to help more people get into art! A．Immersive art doesn’t simply mean sitting in a glass case or fitting in a frame. B．The art work is animated and accompanied by music, voices, and background sound. C．In fact, some exhibits give people a chance to be enveloped by van Gogh’s celebrated painting. D．Meanwhile, traditional museums are following the trend and applying immersive technologies E．Critics once described his work as a multidimensional mystery house leading to secret passages. F．More important is the ability to bridge the gap between traditional art spaces and modern audiences. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的潮流“沉浸式艺术体验”，如文章提到的梵高作品的沉浸式体验。许多博物馆开始顺应潮流，运用沉浸式科技，策划展览，目的是为了让更多的人进入艺术领域。 1．根据后文“They find themselves surrounded by shimmering colors that dance before their eyes and ripple (涟漪) at their feet. These exhibitions digitally project moving images onto walls, floors, and sometimes onto viewers themselves. They are examples of immersive art.(他们发现自己被闪烁的色彩所包围，这些色彩在他们眼前跳舞，在他们脚下荡漾。这些展览以数字方式将动态图像投射到墙壁、地板上，有时也投射到观众身上。它们是沉浸式艺术的例子)”可知，后文提到“他们发现自己被闪烁的色彩所包围，这些色彩在他们眼前跳舞，在他们脚下荡漾”，即说明这样的展览可以让人们置身于名画之中。故C选项“事实上，有些展览让人们有机会置身于梵高的名画之中”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据后文“While it can be hard to characterize, it’s generally a multisensory, an interactive event that engages viewers and lets them feel like part of the artwork. One thing is certain — these exhibitions have been wildly popular — selling out tickets in cities worldwide.(虽然很难描述它的特征，但它通常是一个多感官的互动活动，吸引观众，让他们觉得自己是艺术品的一部分。有一件事是肯定的——这些展览非常受欢迎，在世界各地的城市门票都卖光了)”可知，本段主要是在介绍沉浸式艺术的特点。故A选项“沉浸式艺术并不仅仅意味着坐在玻璃柜里或装进画框里”符合语境，故选A。 3．根据上句“His work has been showcased in various exhibitions featuring immense images.(他的作品曾在各种各样的展览中展出，有巨大的图像)”可知，本句进一步说明梵高画作的沉浸式展出效果。故B选项“他的艺术作品是动画和伴随着音乐，声音，和背景声音”符合语境。故选B。 4．根据后一句“That’s because many curators and creators share a common goal — to help more people get into art!(因为许多策展人和创作者都有一个共同的目标——让更多的人进入艺术领域)”可知，本句主要说明为了让更多人认识艺术做出了努力。故D选项“Meanwhile, traditional museums are following the trend and applying immersive technologies.(与此同时，传统博物馆也在顺应潮流，运用沉浸式技术)”符合语境，故选D。 (23-24高二下·上海南汇中学·期末) A new technique to work out a corpse’s time of death In fiction, forensic (法医的) experts presented with a corpse are able to take a bite of their sandwich and instantly pronounce a time of death. Reality is, of course, a lot messier, and the results — or lack of them — can make or break a case. Now artificial intelligence is offering a helping hand. By analyzing thousands of deaths and what follows, the technology can offer the best estimates so far of PMI, Post-Mortem Interval (尸体死后间隔). 1 For decades these specialists have had to rely on intuition, combined with observations of the state of the deceased and clues such as temperature, both of the dead body and the environment. Different bodies decay at different rates, however, and individual circumstances can throw off the most careful PMI calculations. A body found in a ditch in northern England in 2004, for example, was given a wrongly late time of death because the ditch was sheltered from sunlight and the colder-than-expected conditions had helped preserve the corpse. Forensis-science journals are full of such cases while the potentially useful details of thousands more investigations are buried in case files around the world. 2 . The result is an AI-powered tool, called geoFOR, that could offer the most reliable estimates of PMI so far. Sandwiches are not included. Developed by a research team led by Katherine Weisensee at Clemson University in South Carolina, the model is based on data pooled from more than 2,500 death investigations, with more added each week. About 1,800 of these are real-world cases involving the discovery of a body. 3 . Corpses here are left to decay for weeks and months under varied circumstances. With their precise PMI known, photos and descriptions of their various states of decomposition over time, along with information about temperature, humidity, wind, soil type and other conditions, have all helped train the AI model. The results could be used to check alibis and help solve crimes, but they have other uses too. Madeline Atwell, a forensic anthropologist at Clemson University who works on the project, says the model has already helped close several missing-person cases. 4 “You match it with missing-person records, and that helps narrow your time frame,” she says. A．With more cases and examples added to the database, the results will be more reliable. B．Entering the location allows the AI model to take local weather conditions into consideration. C．The rest are drawn from forensic experiments at so-called “body farms” in Texas and Tennessee. D．Combining time of death with when people were last seen alive is very useful in identifying human remains. E．Working out when a person has died is the most basic but frustratingly imprecise part of a forensic investigator’s work. F．Now forensic researchers in America are working to collect and access these valuable papers, and to use machine learning to analyze them. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人工智能在法医学领域，特别是在估计尸体死亡时间（PMI）方面的应用。 1．空后“For decades these specialists have had to rely on intuition, combined with observations of the state of the deceased and clues such as temperature, both of the dead body and the environment. (几十年来，这些专家不得不依靠直觉，结合对死者状态的观察和温度等线索，尸体和环境)”提到了这些专家，空格处应该会出现“专家”，空后这句话说明了专家确认人死亡时间的困难，空格处应该说出他们工作困难，E选项“Working out when a person has died is the most basic but frustratingly imprecise part of a forensic investigator’s work.(确定一个人的死亡时间是法医调查工作中最基本但又令人沮丧的不精确的部分。)”提到了确定一个人的死亡时间是法医调查工作中最基本但又令人沮丧的不精确的部分，引出了后面的困难，因此E选项引起下文，符合语境，故选E。 2．空后“The result is an AI-powered tool, called geoFOR, that could offer the most reliable estimates of PMI so far.(结果是一个名为geoFOR的人工智能工具，它可以提供迄今为止最可靠的PMI估计)”说明了一个名为geoFOR的人工智能工具的诞生，空格处应该说研究者们在努力研究，F选项“Now forensic researchers in America are working to collect and access these valuable papers, and to use machine learning to analyze them.(现在，美国的法医研究人员正在努力收集和访问这些有价值的文件，并使用机器学习来分析它们。)”说明了美国的法医研究人员正在努力收集和访问这些有价值的文件，并使用机器学习来分析它们，进而引出研究的结果，即geoFOR，因此F选项引起下文，符合语境，故选F。 3．空前“Developed by a research team led by Katherine Weisensee at Clemson University in South Carolina, the model is based on data pooled from more than 2,500 death investigations, with more added each week. About 1,800 of these are real-world cases involving the discovery of a body. (该模型是由南卡罗来纳州Clemson大学的Katherine Weisensee领导的一个研究小组开发的，该模型基于从2500多起死亡调查中收集的数据，每周都会增加更多的数据。其中约有1800起是涉及发现尸体的真实案例)”说明了该模型收集的数据的数量，2500多起中有1800起是涉及发现尸体的真实案例，空格处应该交代其余的是哪里来的数据，C选项“The rest are drawn from forensic experiments at so-called “body farms” in Texas and Tennessee.(其余的则来自德克萨斯州和田纳西州所谓的“尸体农场”的法医实验。)”交代了其余的数据的来源，其中的““body farms” in Texas and Tennessee”和空后的“here”相一致，因此C选项承上启下，符合语境，故选C。 4．空前“Madeline Atwell, a forensic anthropologist at Clemson University who works on the project, says the model has already helped close several missing-person cases.(Clemson University的法医人类学家Madeline Atwell参与了这个项目，她说这个模型已经帮助结案了几起失踪人口案件)”说明了这个模型已经帮助结案了几起失踪人口案件，空格处应该说这个模型是如何帮助结案的，D选项“Combining time of death with when people were last seen alive is very useful in identifying human remains.(将死亡时间与人们最后一次活着被看到的时间结合起来，对辨认遗骸非常有用。)”说明这个模型是通过将死亡时间与人们最后一次活着被看到的时间结合起来辨认遗骸的，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 (23-24高二下·上海七宝中学·期末) Are you a multitasker? Do you watch TV and cook dinner at the same time? Do you often interrupt your work to check your email? Do you talk on your phone while you’re driving? 1 According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly. Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time. Popular electronic devices like tablets and smart phone s make it convenient to do several tasks at once. 2 Melissa Brown of Evanston, Illinois, says she has no trouble listening to music, surfing the Internet, and sending text messages to friends while she does her homework. 3 That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “micro-interruptions” in which people stop one task, start another, and eventually return to the first one. These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption. 4 This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes. It can even be dangerous, as in the case of people who talk on the phone, eat, or even apply makeup while driving. A．So people feel like they are getting more done. B．If you do these or similar things, then you are one of many multitaskers. C．People are less able to filter out their knowledge of the previous task and look at things afresh. D．Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. E．Recent studies, however, show that Melissa and others like her are perhaps getting less done than they think they are. F．Now, with numerous studies to refer to, the answer could not be more clear-multitasking isn’t all it’s supposed to be. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．E 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过调查数据和研究结果，探讨了多任务处理 (multitasking) 的现象、原因、效果以及潜在的风险。 1．上文“Do you watch TV and cook dinner at the same time? Do you often interrupt your work to check your email? Do you talk on your phone while you’re driving? (您是否一边看电视一边做饭？您是否经常在做工作时中断去查看电子邮件？您是否在开车时打电话？)”通过一系列问题引出了多任务处理的常见场景，空格处需要一个总结性的陈述来衔接上文和下文。B项中的“then you are one of many multitaskers (那么，你就是众多多任务处理者之一。)”与上文的问题相呼应，指出如果读者有这些行为，那么他们就是众多多任务处理者之一。故选B。 2．上文“Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time. (大多数人说他们进行多任务处理是因为他们太忙了，而且多任务处理可以节省时间。)”提到了人们进行多任务处理的原因，空格处需要一个进一步解释或举例的句子。A项中的“So people feel like they are getting more done (所以人们感觉他们完成了更多的事情。)”与上文相衔接，说明人们认为多任务处理可以让他们完成更多工作。故选A。 3．下文“That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “micro-interruptions” in which people stop one task, start another, and eventually return to the first one. (这是因为在多任务处理中，实际上存在许多“微中断”，人们会停止一个任务，开始另一个任务，最终又回到第一个任务。)”说明多任务其实会导致工作效率下降。E项中的“Recent studies, however, show that Melissa and others like her are perhaps getting less done than they think they are (然而，最近的研究显示，像梅丽莎这样的人可能并没有他们认为的那样完成了那么多工作。)”指出实际上这些多任务处理者可能并没有他们认为的那么高效，因为他们会被不断打断，这和下文逻辑相符，而且也和上文的例子相承接，故选E。 4．下文“But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes. (但是，如果你正在做一项需要思考的困难任务，比如写报告，那么多任务处理可能会让你放慢速度并导致错误。)”说明做两件有难度的事情，会导致工作效率下降，D项中的“Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time (一些心理学家表示，人类的大脑并不擅长同时集中注意力在两件事情上。)”提供了心理学的观点，解释了为什么多任务处理会导致效率低下。故选D。 (23-24高二下·上海松江高级中学·期末) Google is my doctor When illustrator Scott Adams lost his voice, his doctors were confused. 1 It turned out that Scott was suffering from spasmodic dysphonia-a neurological disorder affecting the muscles to voice. With the help of Google Alerts and advice from his doctors, Scott got in touch with an expert in the US and had special surgery on his throat to cure his problem. He is now a firm believer of using the Internet for self-diagnosis. Adams is one of an increasing number of people who have started using the Internet to get health advice. The advantages are numerous, starting of course with the obvious convenience of getting a diagnosis from the comfort of your own home. 2 But the Internet can provide a vast number of specialized experts, and Googling can help you tap in to that. Diagnosing minor medical problems from information on the Internet can also have an impact on society’s medical costs. You can compare insect bites with Internet pictures, ask what type they are and whether they are dangerous without wasting your busy doctor’s precious time. However, it must be said that diagnosis is tricky, and comparing your rash(疹子) with an online photo may lead you down the wrong path. 3 Doctors also take into account your medical history, state of mind, etc. So no computerized symptoms checklist can equal a complete professional assessment. In conclusion, the Internet is a good starting point in diagnosing your health problems, but you should always consult your doctor before acting on anything you find there. 4 . A．On a professional level, there is no way one doctor car be an expert in everything. B．It was not until he turned to the Internet that he managed to identify his condition. C．This condition was the very one that made him unable to speak D．Appearance provides only ten percent of the information needed to make a diagnosis. E．Do not underestimate the value of talking to real people — doctors and telephone helplines will help you put what you read into context. F．To sum up, if your doctor refuses to talk to you, the Internet will give you a better solution. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．E 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了在线诊断病情的利弊。 1．上文“When illustrator Scott Adams lost his voice, his doctors were confused.”（当插画家斯科特·亚当斯失声时，他的医生很困惑。）说明医生们不清楚斯科特失声的原因，B项“It was not until he turned to the Internet that he managed to identify his condition.”（直到他求助于互联网后，他才设法弄清自己的病情。）衔接上文，说明斯科特通过网上查询，弄清楚了自己的病情，并引出下文具体失声的原因“It turned out that Scott was suffering from spasmodic dysphonia-a neurological disorder affecting the muscles to voice.”（事实证明，斯科特患有痉挛性发声障碍——一种影响肌肉发声的神经系统疾病。），衔接恰当。故选B项。 2．下文“But the Internet can provide a vast number of specialized experts, and Googling can help you tap in to that.”（但是互联网可以提供大量的专业专家，谷歌可以帮助你找到他们。）说明在线咨询病情的优势，因为互联网可以提供大量的专业专家，A项“On a professional level, there is no way one doctor car be an expert in everything.”（在专业层面上，一个医生不可能成为所有方面的专家。）说明一个医生并不能知晓所有疾病，引出下文的转折——但互联网可以提供大量的专业专家，衔接恰当。故选A项。 3．上文“However, it must be said that diagnosis is tricky, and comparing your rash with an online photo may lead you down the wrong path.”（然而，必须指出的是，诊断是很棘手的，将你的皮疹与网上的照片进行比较可能会让你走上错误的道路。）说明只依靠图片在线诊断也可能有误，D项“Appearance provides only ten percent of the information needed to make a diagnosis.”（外观只提供诊断所需信息的百分之十。）衔接上文，说明只依靠图片诊断有误的原因，引出下文“Doctors also take into account your medical history, state of mind, etc.”（医生还会考虑你的病史、精神状态等。）说明完整的诊断还需要考虑其他因素，衔接恰当。故选D项。 4．上文“In conclusion, the Internet is a good starting point in diagnosing your health problems, but you should always consult your doctor before acting on anything you find there.”（总之，互联网是诊断你的健康问题的一个很好的起点，但你应该在采取任何行动之前咨询你的医生。）说明在线诊断有好处，但还需和自己的医生沟通交流，E项“Do not underestimate the value of talking to real people — doctors and telephone helplines will help you put what you read into context.”（不要低估与真实的人交谈的价值——医生和电话热线会帮助你把你读到的东西结合到你自己的实际情况中。）衔接上文，说明和医生交流病情的价值，符合语境。故选E项。 (23-24高二下·上海宝山区·期末) It is certainly difficult to make money. But should money be difficult to give away? In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D．Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in 1889 that $950 of every $1,000 that went to charity was “unwisely spent”. 1 Donors ran lengthy application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements. In 2006 The Economist called it “philanthrocapitalism (慈善资本主义)”. 2 The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% of their combined fortunes, according to Forbes. At the last count in 2022, almost $1.2 trn was sitting in American private foundations and $230bn in donor-advised funds, a sort of savings account for donors. Plenty of money is being marked for charity. But it is not getting to worthy causes fast enough. Fortunately, a new generation of donors is once again shaking up the world of big philanthropy (慈善事业). Leading the mission is MacKenzie Scott, who simplified the process of giving and is donating billions of dollars a year with few conditions. This “no-strings giving” is changing mega-donors’ long-held assumptions. 35 One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves. 3 An upside of a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients. Donors can team up and share the work, too. Another lesson from the no-strings crowd is that philanthropists can trust recipients to put money to good use once the proper due diligence is in place. That means analyzing a nonprofit organization’s annual reports and interviewing its leaders and other funders. A．It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door. B．In addition to that, her charity work is too numerous to mention. C．However, this idea that charities’ money is wasted has been proven wrong by evidence. D．Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff. E．Two decades on, however, it’s become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving. F．Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了慈善资本主义的弊端，以及新的一代的慈善家是如何进行慈善事业的。 1．根据上文“In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in 1889 that $950 of every $1,000 that went to charity was “unwisely spent”.”（在镀金时代，安德鲁·卡内基(Andrew Carnegie)和约翰·D·洛克菲勒(John D. Rockefeller)等实业家担心浪费和滥用；卡内基在1889年写道，捐赠给慈善机构的每1000美元中，有950美元“花得不明智”。）提到担心浪费和滥用捐赠的钱。以及下文“Donors ran lengthy application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements.”（捐助者进行了漫长的申请程序，提供资金并完成了繁琐的报告要求。）提到提供资金并完成繁琐的报告要求。结合选项F项Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste.（在千禧年前后，捐赠者希望通过数据和规则来阻止浪费。）可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 2．根据下文“The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% of their combined fortunes, according to Forbes.”（根据福布斯的数据，美国最富有的400人只捐出了他们财富总额的6%。）提到最富有的400人只捐出了他们财富总额的6%。结合选项E项Two decades on, however, it’s become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving.（然而，二十年过去了，很明显，所有这些文书工作都阻碍了捐赠。）可知，和下文内容紧密连接，下文是对空格处内容的具体说明，符合语境。故选E项。 3．根据上文“This “no-strings giving” is changing mega-donors’ long-held assumptions.”（这种“无条件捐赠”正在改变巨额捐赠者长期以来的假设。）提到无条件捐赠这个概念。结合选项A项It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door.（它为那些挣扎着把钱带出家门的人提供了教训。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选A项。 4．根据上文“One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves.”（其一是认识到慈善家不必事事亲力亲为。）提到慈善家不必事事亲力亲为。以及下文“An upside of a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients.”（商业慈善事业几十年来的趋势的一个好处是，顾问大军已经出现，帮助捐赠者制定战略，并对潜在的接受者进行尽职调查。）结合选项D项Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff.（超级捐赠者不再需要忍受设立基金会和雇佣员工的麻烦。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，同时引起下文，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选D项。 (23-24高二下·上海新川中学·期末) We all have friends that need a little advice, but one of the problems with those types of conversations is that it’s really easy to come off as a know-it-all when you’re offering help. When you do that, nobody’s going to listen. 1 But it’s not an easy conversation to have someone, especially when you know all the extenuating circumstances of the situation. I talked with relationship and family therapist Roger S. Gil to get some advice for dealing with these situations. Obviously not everyone is looking for your advice. Before you go offering up your point of view, make sure they’re interested in hearing it. As Roger Gil points out, often friends aren’t looking for you to solve a problem. They just want you to listen and maybe ask some questions. So, ask if they’d like to hear your input or insights on a problem, but also ask questions about why thee feel a certain way. If they say “no”, let them finish their story and listen politely. 2 Just wait for them to finish complaining before offering advice (or asking if they want). Sometimes the best way to figure something out is to do it on their own. Speaking of listening. It’s also a good idea to figure out right away what your friends want from you. Gil describes this as differentiating between opinions, expert advice, and being a “sounding board”. Essentially, don’t pretend like you know something you don’t. 39 Now that you know whether or not your friends or family actually want your advice, it’s time to learn how to advise without sounding like a know-it-all. This is a lot harder than you might think. As Gil points out, one way to offer advice without sounding pretentious (自以为是的) is to avoid “You should” statements. 3 By offering up your opinion clearly defined as your opinion, you remove the implication that “you know best”. A．Definitely don’t act like you’ve been in a situation you haven’t been in. B．Different situations require different approaches so we need to know what we should contribute. C．Gil also adds that even when you know the answer to something, you might want to keep your mouth shut. D．Gil’s advice, seems obvious, but it’s incredibly easy to get on your high-horse and use “You should” if you’re not careful. E．When you have a friend who’s stuck in trouble, it’s normal to want to provide some type of insight to get them out of it. F．However, the key is to make sure you stay in “listening mode” for as long as possible, and you don’t push your advice when it isn’t wanted. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了当朋友向我们寻求建议时，我们应该如何做。 1．根据上文“We all have friends that need a little advice, but one of the problems with those types of conversations is that it’s really easy to come off as a know-it-all when you’re offering help. When you do that, nobody’s going to listen. (我们都有需要一些建议的朋友，但这些类型的对话的问题之一是，当你提供帮助时，很容易表现得无所不知。当你那样做的时候，没有人会听。)”以及下文“But it’s not an easy conversation to have someone, especially when you know all the extenuating circumstances of the situation.(但是，与人交谈并不容易，尤其是当你了解所有情有可原的情况时)”中“But”可推知，第一段主要介绍，如果在提供帮助时表现得知道过多，朋友不太容易听取建议的情况。前后句是转折关系，且此段应是对第一段内容的展开，E项“当你有一个陷入困境的朋友时，想要提供某种类型的见解来帮助他们摆脱困境是很正常的。”符合题意，说明了想要提供帮助的心是正常的。故选E项。 2．上文“If they say “no”, let them finish their story and listen politely. (如果他们说“不”，让他们讲完故事，礼貌地听)”建议读者，如果朋友不想要听你的见解，就保持沉默。下文“Just wait for them to finish complaining before offering advice (or asking if they want).(只需等待他们抱怨结束，再提出建议（或者问他们是否想要）)”也强调了保持沉默，倾听朋友发言的重要性，其中“wait for them to finish complaining”和C选项中“keep your mouth shut”相呼应。由此可知，C项“吉尔还补充说，即使你知道某件事的答案，你也可能想要保持沉默。”符合语境，承上启下。故选C项。 3．根据上文“Essentially, don’t pretend like you know something you don’t.(从本质上讲，不要假装你知道一些你不知道的事情)”可推知，此处建议读者不要假装跟朋友说自己什么都知道，其中的“don’t pretend like”和A选项中“don’t act like”是并列的两个建议。由此可知，A项“绝对不要表现得好像你遇到了从未遇到过的情况。”符合段意。故选A项。 4．上文“As Gil points out, one way to offer advice without sounding pretentious is to avoid ‘You should’ statements.(正如 Gil 所指出的，在不听起来自命不凡的情况下提供建议的一种方法是避免“你应该”的陈述)”建议读者，在给朋友提供建议时不要说“你应该”这样颐指气使的词语，其中的“‘You should’ statements”和D选项中的“use ‘You should’”是相对应的。由此可知，D项“吉尔的建议似乎是显而易见的，但如果你不小心的话，你很容易趾高气扬地说“你应该”。”符合段意。故选D项。 试卷第18页，共19页 试卷第19页，共19页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$