焦点 01 阅读理解之议论文-备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀生拔高重难题型特训（河南）

焦点01 阅读理解之议论文 备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀生拔高重难题型特训 【预测分析】 一、重难点分析 1. 信息密度高，细节干扰强 应用文（如广告、通知、邮件）常包含大量细节（时间、地点、价格、步骤等），需快速区分主次信息，避免被次要内容干扰。例如，通知中可能同时出现活动时间、报名方式、注意事项，需精准定位关键点。 2. 语言简洁，隐含意图需推断 应用文语言简洁，但可能通过语气词（如“Don’t miss out!”）或格式（加粗、斜体）暗示意图，需结合语境理解作者目的。例如，广告中“Limited time offer!”隐含“尽快行动”的劝说意图。 3. 格式与文体特征干扰 不同应用文格式差异大（如邮件标题、广告标语），需熟悉常见文体结构（如通知的“时间+地点+事件”三要素）。干扰项可能包含与原文无关的细节或偷换概念的选项。 4. 同义替换与数据对比 答案常通过同义词替换或数据对比呈现（如原文用“50% off”，选项用“half-price discount”）。例如，原文“Adults: 20; Kids: half price”可能对应选项“Adults: 20; Children: $10”。 二、解题步骤与技巧 1. 预读文本类型，明确目的 快速浏览标题、首尾段、加粗词，判断文本类型（如广告/通知/邮件），明确作者目的（宣传、告知、请求）。 示例：标题为“Summer Camp Registration Ends Soon!”→ 预测是通知类，需关注截止时间和报名方式。 2. 定位关键信息，忽略冗余内容 用符号标记题干关键词（如 who/when/where），在原文中定位同义替换或数字、日期等细节。 示例：题干问“What time does the museum close on weekends?”→ 快速扫描原文找到“Weekends: 10 AM – 6 PM”。 3. 排除干扰项，验证答案 原则：绝对词必错（如“all”“never”）；无中生有删；偷换概念慎。 验证方法：将选项代入原文，检查是否符合逻辑和语境。 4. 推理与主旨题处理 推理题：结合上下文逻辑关系（因果、对比）推断隐含信息。 主旨题：关注首尾段高频词或标题，排除片面选项。 三、预测分析 1. 命题趋势 题型分布：应用文仍为阅读理解A篇，题量3-5题，以细节理解题为主（占比70%），推理判断题和写作目的题为辅。 选材方向： 文化融合：如河南本土文化元素（老君山、博物馆）融入广告或通知。 科技与生活：智能家居、健康管理等话题，需结合上下文推测生词（如“device”代指工具）。 多模态文本：图表、说明书等占比提升，需结合图文信息推理。 2. 高频考点 细节题：时间、地点、价格等直接信息提取。 推理题：隐含意图（如促销广告的劝说目的）。 主旨题：通过标题和首尾段判断写作目的（如通知类强调活动规则）。 3. 备考建议 强化训练：每周精练2-3篇真题，重点分析长难句和逻辑衔接词（如“however”“in addition”）。 限时模拟：阅读题控制在8分钟内完成，细节题1分钟/题，主旨题2分钟/题。 错题复盘：总结干扰项类型（如偷换概念、无中生有），针对性突破。 总结：2025年河南中考应用文阅读需重点关注细节提取与意图推断，结合文化热点和多模态文本趋势，通过精准定位和逻辑分析提升得分率。 【基础试题】 A A man sees a butterfly. The butterfly tries to get out of its chrysalis (蛹). Feeling sorry for it, the man decides to help. He cuts the chrysalis and the butterfly comes out easily. Surprisingly enough, the butterfly is incapable of flying. If the butterfly doesn’t struggle to leave the chrysalis, it can’t fly! The struggle develops the energy in the butterfly which makes it fly. Similarly, the challenges of life bring out the best in young people and make them fly. When people are young, meeting and overcoming (克服) challenges will make them strong and ready to face life. When we look at successful people, we see that the most successful of them are people who have had to struggle. One famous businessman, who now owns many supermarkets, used to carry clothes on his back and sell them from door to door when he was young. Another successful man is Danny. His father died when he was only twenty. His father’s death forced him to mature fast. He had to bring up a family of nine people. He took up the challenges and overcame them. Today his brothers and sisters are leading successful lives. So some parents and teachers actively encourage young people to face challenges. They might organize some activities for young people which provide them with challenges, like camping, volunteer work and so on. However, just passing exams will not prepare a person for life. The young people of today will become the leaders of tomorrow. It is important that the young people learn to meet challenges and overcome them. 1．Why can’t the butterfly fly? A．Because the man feels sorry for it. B．Because it gets out by itself. C．Because the man helps it come out. D．Because it tries to challenge itself. 2．What do the underlined words “is incapable of flying” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Is looking forward to flying. B．Is ready to fly. C．Is unable to fly. D．Is tired of flying. 3．What does Danny’s example show? A．Successful people should take up business early. B．Successful people should sell clothes from door to door. C．Successful people should become the leaders of tomorrow. D．Successful people should overcome the difficulties. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing this passage? A．To encourage young people to face challenges. B．To suggest how to become a successful businessman. C．To explain what will happen if a person fails the exam. D．To describe where a butterfly comes from. 5．What is the best title (题目) for the text? A．Successful People Have a Sense of Achievement B．Young People Must Develop Their Energy Actively C．Countries Should Continue to Become Successful D．Challenges of Life Bring Out the Best in Young People B Are you the only child in the family？If so，you are the most important in your family. Parents are the closest people to you in the world. But a lot of middle school students have a problem. They feel they're not as close to their parents as before. They even don't think their parents are fair（公平的）to them. Some students complain that their parents often say a lot to them，but never listen to them. Some say their parents don't allow them to play computer games when other classmates are doing that. Others say when they're making phone calls to friends，their parents like to ask if they're speaking to a boy or a girl. These make them very unhappy. Some students even decide to leave home because they're afraid to tell their parents when they have done something wrong，especially when they do badly in exams. Then they usually think running away is the only choice（选择）.But they don't know running away may bring them some more problems. Problems are parts of life. Here are some suggestions for you to solve your problems. ◆Find a good chance to talk with your parents. Don't be afraid to tell them your feelings. ◆Get help from others like good friends or teachers. ◆Keep a diary to help you understand more about yourself and your feelings. ◆Show your parents you're growing up. Then they'll feel you're no longer a small child. If you follow the advice，you'll have a happy life and never think of running away. 1．According to the passage，who are the closest people to an only child. A．Teachers. B．Classmates. C．Parents. D．Friends. 2．Which of the following is TRUE？ A．Parents don't love their children now. B．Middle school students don't have any problems. C．Some students don't think their parents are fair to them. D．Teachers don't believe their students. 3．What should we do if we have problems with our parents？ A．Talk with our parents. B．Quarrel with our parents. C．Leave our parents. D．Say nothing to our parents. 4．Why does the author advise us to keep a diary？ A．Because it's our homework. B．Because it can help us practice writing. C．Because it can help us understand ourselves better. D．Because it is interesting. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about？ A．Middle school students' friends. B．Middle school students' hobbies. C．Middle school students' problems. D．Middle school students' school life. C These days, teens are heavily influenced by the media(媒体). Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV. That’s more time than they spend with teachers at school. And we haven’t yet considered the hours they spend using the Internet and reading newspapers. However, several studies have shown a serious problem: Today’s teens have little media literacy(素养). In other words, they have difficulty critically(批判地) thinking about the information they see. One study focused on middle school students. It found more than eighty percent of them couldn’t tell the difference between real news and ads that looked like news. Professor Kevin John tries to help his students learn media literacy. He gives an example that shows why media literacy matters. In the example, two news stations report a snowstorm. One focuses on the terrible road conditions. The other focuses on kids playing in the snow. “News stations tell you the important details what they feel about the event. These details depend on the opinions of the news reporter,” said John. “A person who has media literacy would realize that each story is about one part of the event at that time. There is more going on.” Some people think school is the best place to teach media literacy. Others believe everyone — from parents to reporters — should help teens learn the skill. As for the best time to start learning media literacy, many experts advise the age of twelve. “It’s never too early to start learning media literacy,” John said. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Teens spend too much time studying at school. B．Teens spend too much time watching TV. C．Teens spend too much time reading newspapers. D．Teens spend too much time staying with their parents. 2．What is the serious problem that several studies have shown? A．Many teens like watching ads instead of news. B．Many teens often get false information from the media. C．Many teens only care about the news they are interested in. D．Many teens can’t think critically about the information they see. 3．Which can be used to replace(代替) the underlined word “matters” in Paragraph 3 ? A．is boring B．is popular C．is important D．is interesting 4．What does the example Professor John gives show? A．Some news reporters are not responsible. B．Different news stories focus on different details. C．All of his students do not have media literacy at all. D．It’s hard to tell the difference between real news and ads. 5．Which of the following would Professor John agree with? A．Media literacy should be taught mainly at school. B．It’s too early for children to learn media literacy before 12. C．News reporters should report the news they’re interested in. D．Children should be taught media literacy as early as possible. 【提升试题】 A We all enjoy being part of a group—there’s no better work than teamwork, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own, which is a much better fit for me. I began to think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder. To start with, a special personality can make teamwork difficult. There’s often someone on the team that puts his or her personal needs first. He or she is often selfish (自私的). The team often goes along with several persons like this. Just one person like this can make teamwork hard. With several persons like this working together, it’s even harder. Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. For example, I was once on a team where we never had as much time as we needed to meet as a group. To successfully work as a team, you need time together. A final reason why teamwork is difficult is that there’s often no training on how to work on a team. You can’t just get together in a room and expect to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team members. Think of football players: They aren’t just given a ball and told to play. They practice and they train to play well together. Teamwork can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When my computer doesn’t work, I don’t have an IT person to turn to. When I have a great idea, I don’t have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great one. Don’t get me wrong—I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of the important decisions myself. But now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past. I also get to know how good teamwork could be if done correctly. So, one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM. 1．Why did the writer leave his office job? A．He needed a quiet working environment. B．Teamwork became challenging for him. C．Working alone could make the job easier. D．Working at home is very convenient now. 2．Which word is close to the underlined word “personality”? A．Skill. B．Habit. C．Hobby. D．Character. 3．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 4? A．By listing the reason for teamwork training. B．By giving an example of the football team. C．By showing different ways of starting teamwork training. D．By mentioning the difficulty of teamwork training. 4．What does the writer think of working alone? A．It has no challenges at all. B．It is always better than teamwork. C．It also has some disadvantages. D．It is sometimes difficult but interesting. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Fun of Working Alone B．How Teamwork Helps the Jobs C．Why Teamwork Makes the Jobs Harder D．Differences of Teamwork and Working Alone B Summer jobs have always been a great way for teenagers to make money, learn important skills and become more independent. Young people in the UK can work part-time from the age of 13. They can then work full-time from 16. However, in England, young people must stay in part-time education or training until they are 18. There are many ways for them to work, such as washing the dishes in the restaurants, walking dogs, washing cars and watering plants. Some say that these jobs will teach valuable life lessons. However, others feel that young people should enjoy their summer break while they can. So what do you think? Should young people have jobs over the summer? Group Yes Group No · Summer jobs benefit teenagers a lot. They teach them how to be responsible and the importance of being on time. · Working helps children and young people develop soft skills—such as problem solving, communications and teamwork. These are important to success in jobs and also in life. · Children and young people with jobs earn their own money and learn how to manage their hard-earned cash (现金). · Children and young people work hard during the school year. They need a break and recharge over the summer. · Summer is a good time to take classes, improve at sports, take up a personal hobby such as music or drawing, learn new skills or visit relatives. · Summer jobs are of great help. However, enjoying summer holidays is a big part of childhood. Children and young people have their whole lives ahead of them to work. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案 1．What can young people get from summer jobs? ①praise ②skills ③wealth ④independence A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④ 2．The underlined word “These” refers to ______ . A．soft skills B．problem-solving methods C．teamwork spirits D．communication abilities 3．What does the underlined word “recharge” probably mean in Chinese? A．勤学苦练 B．养精蓄锐 C．一鼓作气 D．劳逸结合 4．What opinion do the two groups have in common? A．Summer jobs are good for teenagers in a way. B．Jobs help teenagers manage their money well. C．Teenagers should enjoy their summer break. D．Enjoying summer holidays is more important. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Try different kinds of jobs B．Enjoy the summer holiday C．How can teenagers find summer jobs? D．Should teenagers have summer jobs? C During the Spring Festival, Jia Ling’s new film YOLO (《热辣滚烫》) has finally hit the big screen. It is about an overweight woman, Leying, who loses weight through boxing (拳击) training, finds herself and learns to love herself through the sport. Director and actress Jia Ling lost 50 kilos for the role. This has been discussed more widely than the film. Some people even said they were encouraged to go to the gym. “The movie is encouraging, and I am planning to start losing weight,” Eva, a middle school teacher in Shanghai, told the South China Morning Post after watching the film. However, some people think the film may cause body anxiety (身材焦虑). “I will not use Jia Ling as a model to let my daughter lose weight,” a 60-year-old woman in Beijing told the Post. “The common person may not be able to lose weight successfully like Jia, and sometimes it even costs a lot.” Actually, we should see that for our common people, losing weight is a much more difficult process. But we do need to realize that behind Jia’s success lies a lot of challenges and efforts. If we can’t accept the mediocrity (平庸) of ourselves, we will have to stand the pain of discipline (自制、纪律). 1．Who lost 50 kilos? A．The writer. B．Eva. C．Jia Ling. D．A 60-year-old woman in Beijing. 2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The movie YOLO. B．Jia’s weight loss. C．Director and actress Jia Ling. D．The boxing training. 3．What may be the writer’s opinion about losing weight? A．It’s not easy to lose weight. B．Boxing is a good way to lose weight. C．Losing weight costs too much money. D．People are encouraged to go to the gym. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．We should lose weight. B．We should watch YOLO. C．We should learn to love others. D．We should learn to be self-disciplined. 5．You may read the text in a ________. A．novel B．textbook C．newspaper D．storybook 【拔高试题】 A In recent years, self-care has become a popular topic across social media. However, many people find it difficult to truly receive the benefits. Why? Because we’ve lost touch with what it really means to take care of ourselves. Self-care (自我关怀) is often seen as something grand and expensive only for special times or when life gets very stressful. Real self-care; however, doesn’t require a lot of money or time. It’s about finding simple, meaningful ways to check in with yourself regularly (定期地), even among your daily responsibilities. It. could be taking five minutes to breathe deeply or having a cup of tea quietly. One of the most important aspects of self-care is the ability to be fully present in the moment. Imagine lying on the beach while checking emails or social media. The purpose might be to relax, but the reality is that your mind is still taking in information, leaving you feeling just as tired as before. Presence requires mindfulness—fully getting involved in the activity rather than focusing on what’s next on your to-do list. When you’re present, even simple acts of self-care become powerful tools for refreshment. The most effective self-care practices are often the simplest ones—those that can easily fit into your daily routine (日常事务). What matters most is consistency because it strengthens the habit of checking in with yourself and satisfying your needs in time. Consider the influence of just a few minutes each day on something that makes you feel good, such as enjoying a moment of Silence during your lunch break or going for a short walk. These small acts, when practiced repeatedly, can have an increasing effect on your well-being. Practicing self-care, however, can be difficult. For some people; there’s always a voice that says, “There’s too much to do to waste time on self-care.” This inner voice makes as think that taking time for ourselves is selfish. Others may feel regretful for stepping away from then responsibilities, even for a short time. These inner blocks are an important reason why self-care can feel stressful. You should clear them and allow yourself to care for your physical and mental health without self-judgement. As you deal with the challenges of daily life, remember that self-care is a necessity. By focusing on presence and consistency and by dealing with the inner blocks that hold you back, you can unlock the true benefits of self-care. 1．What do people think of self-care according to the Paragraph 1 of the passage? A．Self-care is something only for special times or when life gets very stressful. B．Self-care is about ways to express ourselves. C．Self-care requires a lot of time and money. D．Self-care is about ways of reflection. 2．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 3? A．To explain the purpose of self-care. B．To stress the importance of mindfulness. C．To introduce a common way of relaxation. D．To show the difficulty in fitting self-care into life. 3．What does the word “consistency” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Enjoying what you are doing. B．Finding out what you really need. C．Keeping a regular practice of an activity. D．Doing different things for your well-being. 4．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．We should put our responsibilities before self-care. B．We should avoid self-judgement while caring for ourselves. C．The more time we spend on self-care, the more effective it is. D．Practicing self-care when feeling stressed requires a lot of money. 5．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．What Is Real Self-Care? B．Why Is Self-Care So Difficult? C．Self-Care: Common Practices in Daily Life. D．Self-Care: The Key to a Healthy and Happy Life. B Recently, the decision to include eyesight as part of high school entrance exam（中考）has caused a lot of discussion. Students in the city of Changzhi, Shanxi Province will be tested on their “physical health”, including eyesight. If you fail to meet the requirement of “normal” eyesight, you will not get the full five points in their high school entrance exam. That means you can’t get accepted by the high school of your choice. “In recent years, I have noticed that the No.1 problem that needs attention is poor eyesight. What makes this so terrible is that these students don’t wear glasses. They even hate to say they have this problem, because they seem greatly ashamed. But how can you learn if you can’t see well?” says Alexander, an American teacher in China. However, not everyone holds the same view. Some believe that environmental problems can influence the eyesight. Eye illnesses, accidental injury and improper use of eyes can also cause poor eyesight. Each of these should be considered before making this decision. It seems unfair, not well considered and may fail to reach the goal. Here is what I think. First, why some students have shortsightedness（近视）is that their parents have it. Second, some being shortsighted is most probably a result of hard work. If those who work hard get lower scores than those who do not, it’s unfair for the hard-working students. Third, rich families can afford expensive treatment of shortsightedness while common family cannot. I just feel so sad for students nowadays, for they are already under such heavy stress from the competitive environment. Yet they still have to pay for such a policy（政策）. 1．If you want to be accepted by a high school, you have to ________ according to Paragraph 1. A．get the normal eyesight B．pass the P.E. test C．keep your body healthy D．test your eyesight 2．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Shortsightedness can be passed down to children by their parents. B．Some students don’t like wearing glasses because they feel ashamed. C．All Chinese students will be tested on “physical health” , including eyesight. D．Some people think that it’s not fair to include eyesight in high school entrance exam. 3．The underlined word “injury” probably means ________ in Chinese in this passage. A．受伤 B．治疗 C．使用 D．处理 4．According to the passage, we can see that the writer might ________ the decision to include the eyesight test in high school entrance exam. A．be for B．not care about C．be against D．be pleased with 5．The best title of this passage is “________”. A．Schools should pay attention to protecting eyesight. B．Should eyesight be included in high school entrance exam? C．It’s a great idea to include eyesight in high school entrance exam. D．Patents warmly welcome the decision to include eyesight in high school entrance exam. C When your pen is broken, the battery in your toy runs out, or you have some leftover food. What do you do with these things? You will probably throw them all into one bin. But actually, all of these pieces of trash need to be sorted separately. In recent years, some Chinese cities have been working hard on it. Shanghai has worked with Alipay to create a“ green account(绿色账户)”service for people. Account holders get points by correctly sorting their garbage. Through the Alipay app, they can exchange the points for milk, phone cards and other products. The city is asking all of its people to sort their garbage into four groups: wet, recyclable, harmful and dry. Wet waste is also known as household waste. “They are things you don’t want but that pigs can eat,” Guangzhou Daily explained. Paper, metal, glass and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste. Harmful waste includes things like medicine batteries and fluorescent bulbs(荧光灯泡). Finally, any waste that’s not wet, recyclable or harmful will go in the “dry waste” bin. Many other Chinese cities are also using this method to sort their garbage. For example, Shenzhen has been sorting its garbage into the same four groups since 2012. Students there also receive waste-sorting guidebooks that they must study. China is improving its waste-sorting efforts. There is still a long way to go. But it’s never too late to learn how to sort your trash properly and protect the environment. If you don’t sort your garbage, all of it will go to a landfill and be buried together. These landfills can take up large areas of ground that could have been used for planting trees or crops. The electronic waste you throw away, such as batteries, can pollute the soil and groundwater. Other pieces of garbage, like the metal part of a pen, can be used to make other things if they are properly recycled.根据材料内容选出最佳答案。 1．How is Shanghai encouraging people to sort their garbage? A．By paying people to sort their trash correctly. B．By providing its people with guidebooks to help them. C．By allowing people to exchange garbage with each other. D．By creating a “green account” service with the help of Alipay. 2．Which of the following would be sorted as wet waste? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “landfill” mean? A．里程碑 B．地下水 C．填埋场 D．风景区 4．What do we know about garbage sorting in China? A．It started its garbage sorting system in 2012. B．There is still a lot of work to be done in this area. C．Landfills are a great method of dealing with garbage. D．Students have to take waste-sorting classes in school. 5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Where we can deal with our waste. B．Why we should sort our garbage properly. C．What kinds of waste can pollute the environment. D．How some kinds of waste can be reused and recycled. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 焦点01 阅读理解之议论文 备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀生拔高重难题型特训 【预测分析】 一、重难点分析 1. 信息密度高，细节干扰强 应用文（如广告、通知、邮件）常包含大量细节（时间、地点、价格、步骤等），需快速区分主次信息，避免被次要内容干扰。例如，通知中可能同时出现活动时间、报名方式、注意事项，需精准定位关键点。 2. 语言简洁，隐含意图需推断 应用文语言简洁，但可能通过语气词（如“Don’t miss out!”）或格式（加粗、斜体）暗示意图，需结合语境理解作者目的。例如，广告中“Limited time offer!”隐含“尽快行动”的劝说意图。 3. 格式与文体特征干扰 不同应用文格式差异大（如邮件标题、广告标语），需熟悉常见文体结构（如通知的“时间+地点+事件”三要素）。干扰项可能包含与原文无关的细节或偷换概念的选项。 4. 同义替换与数据对比 答案常通过同义词替换或数据对比呈现（如原文用“50% off”，选项用“half-price discount”）。例如，原文“Adults: 20; Kids: half price”可能对应选项“Adults: 20; Children: $10”。 二、解题步骤与技巧 1. 预读文本类型，明确目的 快速浏览标题、首尾段、加粗词，判断文本类型（如广告/通知/邮件），明确作者目的（宣传、告知、请求）。 示例：标题为“Summer Camp Registration Ends Soon!”→ 预测是通知类，需关注截止时间和报名方式。 2. 定位关键信息，忽略冗余内容 用符号标记题干关键词（如 who/when/where），在原文中定位同义替换或数字、日期等细节。 示例：题干问“What time does the museum close on weekends?”→ 快速扫描原文找到“Weekends: 10 AM – 6 PM”。 3. 排除干扰项，验证答案 原则：绝对词必错（如“all”“never”）；无中生有删；偷换概念慎。 验证方法：将选项代入原文，检查是否符合逻辑和语境。 4. 推理与主旨题处理 推理题：结合上下文逻辑关系（因果、对比）推断隐含信息。 主旨题：关注首尾段高频词或标题，排除片面选项。 三、预测分析 1. 命题趋势 题型分布：应用文仍为阅读理解A篇，题量3-5题，以细节理解题为主（占比70%），推理判断题和写作目的题为辅。 选材方向： 文化融合：如河南本土文化元素（老君山、博物馆）融入广告或通知。 科技与生活：智能家居、健康管理等话题，需结合上下文推测生词（如“device”代指工具）。 多模态文本：图表、说明书等占比提升，需结合图文信息推理。 2. 高频考点 细节题：时间、地点、价格等直接信息提取。 推理题：隐含意图（如促销广告的劝说目的）。 主旨题：通过标题和首尾段判断写作目的（如通知类强调活动规则）。 3. 备考建议 强化训练：每周精练2-3篇真题，重点分析长难句和逻辑衔接词（如“however”“in addition”）。 限时模拟：阅读题控制在8分钟内完成，细节题1分钟/题，主旨题2分钟/题。 错题复盘：总结干扰项类型（如偷换概念、无中生有），针对性突破。 总结：2025年河南中考应用文阅读需重点关注细节提取与意图推断，结合文化热点和多模态文本趋势，通过精准定位和逻辑分析提升得分率。 【基础试题】 A A man sees a butterfly. The butterfly tries to get out of its chrysalis (蛹). Feeling sorry for it, the man decides to help. He cuts the chrysalis and the butterfly comes out easily. Surprisingly enough, the butterfly is incapable of flying. If the butterfly doesn’t struggle to leave the chrysalis, it can’t fly! The struggle develops the energy in the butterfly which makes it fly. Similarly, the challenges of life bring out the best in young people and make them fly. When people are young, meeting and overcoming (克服) challenges will make them strong and ready to face life. When we look at successful people, we see that the most successful of them are people who have had to struggle. One famous businessman, who now owns many supermarkets, used to carry clothes on his back and sell them from door to door when he was young. Another successful man is Danny. His father died when he was only twenty. His father’s death forced him to mature fast. He had to bring up a family of nine people. He took up the challenges and overcame them. Today his brothers and sisters are leading successful lives. So some parents and teachers actively encourage young people to face challenges. They might organize some activities for young people which provide them with challenges, like camping, volunteer work and so on. However, just passing exams will not prepare a person for life. The young people of today will become the leaders of tomorrow. It is important that the young people learn to meet challenges and overcome them. 1．Why can’t the butterfly fly? A．Because the man feels sorry for it. B．Because it gets out by itself. C．Because the man helps it come out. D．Because it tries to challenge itself. 2．What do the underlined words “is incapable of flying” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Is looking forward to flying. B．Is ready to fly. C．Is unable to fly. D．Is tired of flying. 3．What does Danny’s example show? A．Successful people should take up business early. B．Successful people should sell clothes from door to door. C．Successful people should become the leaders of tomorrow. D．Successful people should overcome the difficulties. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing this passage? A．To encourage young people to face challenges. B．To suggest how to become a successful businessman. C．To explain what will happen if a person fails the exam. D．To describe where a butterfly comes from. 5．What is the best title (题目) for the text? A．Successful People Have a Sense of Achievement B．Young People Must Develop Their Energy Actively C．Countries Should Continue to Become Successful D．Challenges of Life Bring Out the Best in Young People 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】哲理感悟、议论文 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述蝴蝶破茧而出的故事以及两位成功人士的经历，强调了年轻人在面对和克服生活中的挑战时的重要性，并鼓励年轻人积极面对挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He cuts the chrysalis and the butterfly comes out easily. Surprisingly enough, the butterfly is incapable of flying.”可知，蝴蝶飞不起来是因为男人帮助它从茧里出来了，它没有经历自己努力破茧而出的过程。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“If the butterfly doesn’t struggle to leave the chrysalis, it can’t fly!”可知，蝴蝶如果不努力挣脱茧，它就不能飞，所以此处表示蝴蝶不能飞，is incapable of flying意为“不能飞”，与Is unable to fly意思相近。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“His father’s death forced him to mature fast. He had to bring up a family of nine people. He took up the challenges and overcame them. Today his brothers and sisters are leading successful lives.”可知，Danny的父亲去世后，他不得不抚养一个九口之家，他接受了挑战并克服了它们，现在他的兄弟姐妹们都过着成功的生活，所以Danny的例子表明成功的人应该克服困难。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So some parents and teachers actively encourage young people to face challenges...It is important that the young people learn to meet challenges and overcome them.”可知，作者认为年轻人学会面对和克服挑战是很重要的，由此可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励年轻人面对挑战。故选A。 5．标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Similarly, the challenges of life bring out the best in young people and make them fly.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了生活中的挑战能激发出年轻人最好的一面，并使他们取得成功，所以D选项“生活的挑战激发出年轻人最好的一面”符合文章主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。 B Are you the only child in the family？If so，you are the most important in your family. Parents are the closest people to you in the world. But a lot of middle school students have a problem. They feel they're not as close to their parents as before. They even don't think their parents are fair（公平的）to them. Some students complain that their parents often say a lot to them，but never listen to them. Some say their parents don't allow them to play computer games when other classmates are doing that. Others say when they're making phone calls to friends，their parents like to ask if they're speaking to a boy or a girl. These make them very unhappy. Some students even decide to leave home because they're afraid to tell their parents when they have done something wrong，especially when they do badly in exams. Then they usually think running away is the only choice（选择）.But they don't know running away may bring them some more problems. Problems are parts of life. Here are some suggestions for you to solve your problems. ◆Find a good chance to talk with your parents. Don't be afraid to tell them your feelings. ◆Get help from others like good friends or teachers. ◆Keep a diary to help you understand more about yourself and your feelings. ◆Show your parents you're growing up. Then they'll feel you're no longer a small child. If you follow the advice，you'll have a happy life and never think of running away. 1．According to the passage，who are the closest people to an only child. A．Teachers. B．Classmates. C．Parents. D．Friends. 2．Which of the following is TRUE？ A．Parents don't love their children now. B．Middle school students don't have any problems. C．Some students don't think their parents are fair to them. D．Teachers don't believe their students. 3．What should we do if we have problems with our parents？ A．Talk with our parents. B．Quarrel with our parents. C．Leave our parents. D．Say nothing to our parents. 4．Why does the author advise us to keep a diary？ A．Because it's our homework. B．Because it can help us practice writing. C．Because it can help us understand ourselves better. D．Because it is interesting. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about？ A．Middle school students' friends. B．Middle school students' hobbies. C．Middle school students' problems. D．Middle school students' school life. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．C 【难度】0.85 【知识点】意见/建议、家庭关系、推理判断、主旨大意、细节理解、议论文 【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了如今独生子女与家长在相处之间的一些问题，并且作者给出了一些建议应该如何和家长相处，从而解决这些问题。 1．细节理解题。根据Parents are the closest people to you in the world，可知对独生子女来说，世界上最亲近的人就是父母，故选C。 2．判断正误题。根据If so，you are the most important in your family，可知独生子女在家中是最重要的，文章未提及如今的家长就不爱孩子了，所以A选项表述错误，排除；根据But a lot of middle school students have a problem，可知许多中学生面临着同样的问题，而不是中学生没有问题，所以B选项表述错误，排除；根据They even don't think their parents are fair to them，可知有些学生认为父母对自己不公平，C选项表述正确；全文并未提及老师不相信学生，所以D选项表述错误，排除。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据Find a good chance to talk with your parents. Don't be afraid to tell them your feelings，可知是要和父母交谈沟通，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据Keep a diary to help you understand more about yourself and your feelings，可知写日记可以帮助你更了解自己，故选C。 5．文章主旨题。通读全文，可知文章主要讲的是如今作为独生子女的中学生们和父母之间的矛盾问题，故选C。 C These days, teens are heavily influenced by the media(媒体). Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV. That’s more time than they spend with teachers at school. And we haven’t yet considered the hours they spend using the Internet and reading newspapers. However, several studies have shown a serious problem: Today’s teens have little media literacy(素养). In other words, they have difficulty critically(批判地) thinking about the information they see. One study focused on middle school students. It found more than eighty percent of them couldn’t tell the difference between real news and ads that looked like news. Professor Kevin John tries to help his students learn media literacy. He gives an example that shows why media literacy matters. In the example, two news stations report a snowstorm. One focuses on the terrible road conditions. The other focuses on kids playing in the snow. “News stations tell you the important details what they feel about the event. These details depend on the opinions of the news reporter,” said John. “A person who has media literacy would realize that each story is about one part of the event at that time. There is more going on.” Some people think school is the best place to teach media literacy. Others believe everyone — from parents to reporters — should help teens learn the skill. As for the best time to start learning media literacy, many experts advise the age of twelve. “It’s never too early to start learning media literacy,” John said. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Teens spend too much time studying at school. B．Teens spend too much time watching TV. C．Teens spend too much time reading newspapers. D．Teens spend too much time staying with their parents. 2．What is the serious problem that several studies have shown? A．Many teens like watching ads instead of news. B．Many teens often get false information from the media. C．Many teens only care about the news they are interested in. D．Many teens can’t think critically about the information they see. 3．Which can be used to replace(代替) the underlined word “matters” in Paragraph 3 ? A．is boring B．is popular C．is important D．is interesting 4．What does the example Professor John gives show? A．Some news reporters are not responsible. B．Different news stories focus on different details. C．All of his students do not have media literacy at all. D．It’s hard to tell the difference between real news and ads. 5．Which of the following would Professor John agree with? A．Media literacy should be taught mainly at school. B．It’s too early for children to learn media literacy before 12. C．News reporters should report the news they’re interested in. D．Children should be taught media literacy as early as possible. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】词句猜测、推理判断、细节理解、议论文、青少年问题 【分析】文章主要讲述了青少年花费大量时间在网络电视上，而有研究表明青少年网络素养很差，有科学家试着帮忙提升其素养。有科学家提出孩子们应该尽早接受媒体素养教育。 1．细节理解题。根据“These days, teens are heavily influenced by the media(媒体). Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV”可知如今，青少年深受媒体的影响。他们中的许多人已经看了数千小时的电视，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“several…In other words, they have difficulty critically(批判地) thinking about the information they see.”可知许多青少年不能批判性地思考他们所看到的信息，故选D。 3．词义猜测题。is boring无聊；is popular受欢迎；is important重要的；is interesting有趣的；根据“Professor Kevin John tries to help his students learn media literacy.”可知凯文·约翰教授试图帮助他的学生学习媒体素养，后文还举例子说明，可推测出该单词的意思是“重要的”，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“A person who has media literacy would realize that each story is about one part of the event at that time. There is more going on.”可知一个有媒体素养的人会意识到，每个故事都是当时事件的一部分，可推测出不同的新闻报道关注不同的细节。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“It’s never too early to start learning media literacy”要尽早学习媒介素养，可推测出是孩子们应该尽早接受媒体素养教育，故选D。 【提升试题】 A We all enjoy being part of a group—there’s no better work than teamwork, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own, which is a much better fit for me. I began to think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder. To start with, a special personality can make teamwork difficult. There’s often someone on the team that puts his or her personal needs first. He or she is often selfish (自私的). The team often goes along with several persons like this. Just one person like this can make teamwork hard. With several persons like this working together, it’s even harder. Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. For example, I was once on a team where we never had as much time as we needed to meet as a group. To successfully work as a team, you need time together. A final reason why teamwork is difficult is that there’s often no training on how to work on a team. You can’t just get together in a room and expect to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team members. Think of football players: They aren’t just given a ball and told to play. They practice and they train to play well together. Teamwork can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When my computer doesn’t work, I don’t have an IT person to turn to. When I have a great idea, I don’t have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great one. Don’t get me wrong—I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of the important decisions myself. But now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past. I also get to know how good teamwork could be if done correctly. So, one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM. 1．Why did the writer leave his office job? A．He needed a quiet working environment. B．Teamwork became challenging for him. C．Working alone could make the job easier. D．Working at home is very convenient now. 2．Which word is close to the underlined word “personality”? A．Skill. B．Habit. C．Hobby. D．Character. 3．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 4? A．By listing the reason for teamwork training. B．By giving an example of the football team. C．By showing different ways of starting teamwork training. D．By mentioning the difficulty of teamwork training. 4．What does the writer think of working alone? A．It has no challenges at all. B．It is always better than teamwork. C．It also has some disadvantages. D．It is sometimes difficult but interesting. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Fun of Working Alone B．How Teamwork Helps the Jobs C．Why Teamwork Makes the Jobs Harder D．Differences of Teamwork and Working Alone 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】合作与交流、议论文 【导语】本文主要分析了团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own, which is a much better fit for me”可知，作者离开他的工作是因为他觉得团队合作对他来说是个挑战，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“There’s often someone on the team that puts his or her personal needs first. He or she is often selfish (自私的).”可知，此句是说特殊的个性让团队合作困难，“personality”的意思是“个性，性格”，故选D。 3．推理判断题。阅读第四段并根据“Think of football players: They aren’t just given a ball and told to play. They practice and they train to play well together.”可知，本段是通过以足球团队举例来展开他的观点的，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Teamwork can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too”可知，作者认为独自工作也有缺点。故选C。 5．标题判断题。阅读全文可知，本文主要分析了团队合作让工作变得困难的原因，故选C。 B Summer jobs have always been a great way for teenagers to make money, learn important skills and become more independent. Young people in the UK can work part-time from the age of 13. They can then work full-time from 16. However, in England, young people must stay in part-time education or training until they are 18. There are many ways for them to work, such as washing the dishes in the restaurants, walking dogs, washing cars and watering plants. Some say that these jobs will teach valuable life lessons. However, others feel that young people should enjoy their summer break while they can. So what do you think? Should young people have jobs over the summer? Group Yes Group No · Summer jobs benefit teenagers a lot. They teach them how to be responsible and the importance of being on time. · Working helps children and young people develop soft skills—such as problem solving, communications and teamwork. These are important to success in jobs and also in life. · Children and young people with jobs earn their own money and learn how to manage their hard-earned cash (现金). · Children and young people work hard during the school year. They need a break and recharge over the summer. · Summer is a good time to take classes, improve at sports, take up a personal hobby such as music or drawing, learn new skills or visit relatives. · Summer jobs are of great help. However, enjoying summer holidays is a big part of childhood. Children and young people have their whole lives ahead of them to work. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案 1．What can young people get from summer jobs? ①praise ②skills ③wealth ④independence A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④ 2．The underlined word “These” refers to ______ . A．soft skills B．problem-solving methods C．teamwork spirits D．communication abilities 3．What does the underlined word “recharge” probably mean in Chinese? A．勤学苦练 B．养精蓄锐 C．一鼓作气 D．劳逸结合 4．What opinion do the two groups have in common? A．Summer jobs are good for teenagers in a way. B．Jobs help teenagers manage their money well. C．Teenagers should enjoy their summer break. D．Enjoying summer holidays is more important. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Try different kinds of jobs B．Enjoy the summer holiday C．How can teenagers find summer jobs? D．Should teenagers have summer jobs? 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】意见/建议、议论文、青少年问题 【导语】本文主要讨论了“青少年是否应该在暑期工作”的不同观点。 1．细节理解题。根据“Summer jobs have always been a great way for teenagers to make money, learn important skills and become more independent.”可知，暑期工作可以让青少年赚钱、学习重要技能并且变得更独立。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Working helps children and young people develop soft skills—such as problem solving, communications and teamwork. These are important to success in jobs and also in life.”可知，工作可以帮助青少年培养解决问题、沟通和团队合作等软技能，这些对于工作和生活的成功很重要，所以此处These指代“软技能”。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Children and young people work hard during the school year. They need a break and recharge over the summer.”可知，青少年在学年期间努力学习，他们需要在暑期休息，recharge与“休息”为并列关系，B选项“养精蓄锐”与其表意相近。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据表格左右栏内容“Summer jobs benefit teenagers a lot.”和“Summer jobs are of great help.”可知，双方都认为暑期工作在某种程度上对青少年是有好处的。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。根据“So what do you think? Should young people have jobs over the summer?”及下文内容可知，文章主要讨论了青少年参加暑期工作的不同看法。故选D。 C During the Spring Festival, Jia Ling’s new film YOLO (《热辣滚烫》) has finally hit the big screen. It is about an overweight woman, Leying, who loses weight through boxing (拳击) training, finds herself and learns to love herself through the sport. Director and actress Jia Ling lost 50 kilos for the role. This has been discussed more widely than the film. Some people even said they were encouraged to go to the gym. “The movie is encouraging, and I am planning to start losing weight,” Eva, a middle school teacher in Shanghai, told the South China Morning Post after watching the film. However, some people think the film may cause body anxiety (身材焦虑). “I will not use Jia Ling as a model to let my daughter lose weight,” a 60-year-old woman in Beijing told the Post. “The common person may not be able to lose weight successfully like Jia, and sometimes it even costs a lot.” Actually, we should see that for our common people, losing weight is a much more difficult process. But we do need to realize that behind Jia’s success lies a lot of challenges and efforts. If we can’t accept the mediocrity (平庸) of ourselves, we will have to stand the pain of discipline (自制、纪律). 1．Who lost 50 kilos? A．The writer. B．Eva. C．Jia Ling. D．A 60-year-old woman in Beijing. 2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The movie YOLO. B．Jia’s weight loss. C．Director and actress Jia Ling. D．The boxing training. 3．What may be the writer’s opinion about losing weight? A．It’s not easy to lose weight. B．Boxing is a good way to lose weight. C．Losing weight costs too much money. D．People are encouraged to go to the gym. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．We should lose weight. B．We should watch YOLO. C．We should learn to love others. D．We should learn to be self-disciplined. 5．You may read the text in a ________. A．novel B．textbook C．newspaper D．storybook 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】意见/建议、议论文、哲理感悟、电影与戏剧 【导语】本文主要讲述了贾玲导演为了电影《热辣滚烫》减了50公斤，对此人们有不同的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Director and actress Jia Ling lost 50 kilos for the role.”可知，贾玲减了50公斤。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Director and actress Jia Ling lost 50 kilos for the role. This has been discussed more widely than the film.”可知，this指代的是贾玲减肥的这件事。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Actually, we should see that for our common people, losing weight is a much more difficult process.”可知，作者认为减肥是一个更加困难的过程，是不容易的。故选A。 4．观点态度题。根据“If we can’t accept the mediocrity (平庸) of ourselves, we will have to stand the pain of discipline (自制、纪律).”可知，我们应该学会自律。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了贾玲为了电影《热辣滚烫》减了50公斤，对此人们有不同的看法，可推知，我们可以在报纸上看到这篇文章。故选C。 【拔高试题】 A In recent years, self-care has become a popular topic across social media. However, many people find it difficult to truly receive the benefits. Why? Because we’ve lost touch with what it really means to take care of ourselves. Self-care (自我关怀) is often seen as something grand and expensive only for special times or when life gets very stressful. Real self-care; however, doesn’t require a lot of money or time. It’s about finding simple, meaningful ways to check in with yourself regularly (定期地), even among your daily responsibilities. It. could be taking five minutes to breathe deeply or having a cup of tea quietly. One of the most important aspects of self-care is the ability to be fully present in the moment. Imagine lying on the beach while checking emails or social media. The purpose might be to relax, but the reality is that your mind is still taking in information, leaving you feeling just as tired as before. Presence requires mindfulness—fully getting involved in the activity rather than focusing on what’s next on your to-do list. When you’re present, even simple acts of self-care become powerful tools for refreshment. The most effective self-care practices are often the simplest ones—those that can easily fit into your daily routine (日常事务). What matters most is consistency because it strengthens the habit of checking in with yourself and satisfying your needs in time. Consider the influence of just a few minutes each day on something that makes you feel good, such as enjoying a moment of Silence during your lunch break or going for a short walk. These small acts, when practiced repeatedly, can have an increasing effect on your well-being. Practicing self-care, however, can be difficult. For some people; there’s always a voice that says, “There’s too much to do to waste time on self-care.” This inner voice makes as think that taking time for ourselves is selfish. Others may feel regretful for stepping away from then responsibilities, even for a short time. These inner blocks are an important reason why self-care can feel stressful. You should clear them and allow yourself to care for your physical and mental health without self-judgement. As you deal with the challenges of daily life, remember that self-care is a necessity. By focusing on presence and consistency and by dealing with the inner blocks that hold you back, you can unlock the true benefits of self-care. 1．What do people think of self-care according to the Paragraph 1 of the passage? A．Self-care is something only for special times or when life gets very stressful. B．Self-care is about ways to express ourselves. C．Self-care requires a lot of time and money. D．Self-care is about ways of reflection. 2．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 3? A．To explain the purpose of self-care. B．To stress the importance of mindfulness. C．To introduce a common way of relaxation. D．To show the difficulty in fitting self-care into life. 3．What does the word “consistency” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Enjoying what you are doing. B．Finding out what you really need. C．Keeping a regular practice of an activity. D．Doing different things for your well-being. 4．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．We should put our responsibilities before self-care. B．We should avoid self-judgement while caring for ourselves. C．The more time we spend on self-care, the more effective it is. D．Practicing self-care when feeling stressed requires a lot of money. 5．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．What Is Real Self-Care? B．Why Is Self-Care So Difficult? C．Self-Care: Common Practices in Daily Life. D．Self-Care: The Key to a Healthy and Happy Life. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】议论文、科普知识 【导语】本文探讨了近年来流行的自我关怀话题，指出真正的自我关怀无需大量金钱和时间，强调了专注当下和保持规律性的重要性，还提及了人们在实践自我关怀时面临的内心阻碍及应对方法，旨在让人们理解并解锁自我关怀的真正益处。 1．细节理解题。根据“Self-care (自我关怀) is often seen as something grand and expensive only for special times or when life gets very stressful.”可知，人们常认为自我关怀是“只有在特殊时期或压力大时才需要的宏大而昂贵的东西”，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“One of the most important aspects of self-care is the ability to be fully present in the moment.”可知，第三段通过沙滩看邮件的例子说明，若无法专注当下放松效果会大打折扣，从而强调“正念”的重要性。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“What matters most is consistency because it strengthens the habit of checking in with yourself and satisfying your needs in time.”并结合后文的“Consider the influence of just a few minutes each day on something that makes you feel good, such as enjoying a moment of Silence during your lunch break or going for a short walk.”可知，文中提到“consistency”指的是“有规律地进行一项活动”，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“This inner voice makes as think that taking time for ourselves is selfish…These inner blocks are an important reason why self-care can feel stressful.”以及“By focusing on presence and consistency and by dealing with the inner blocks that hold you back, you can unlock the true benefits of self-care.”可知，作者可能同意清除内心障碍（如自责），允许自己关怀身心健康。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知， 全文核心是澄清自我关怀的本质，选项A适合作为文章标题。故选A。 B Recently, the decision to include eyesight as part of high school entrance exam（中考）has caused a lot of discussion. Students in the city of Changzhi, Shanxi Province will be tested on their “physical health”, including eyesight. If you fail to meet the requirement of “normal” eyesight, you will not get the full five points in their high school entrance exam. That means you can’t get accepted by the high school of your choice. “In recent years, I have noticed that the No.1 problem that needs attention is poor eyesight. What makes this so terrible is that these students don’t wear glasses. They even hate to say they have this problem, because they seem greatly ashamed. But how can you learn if you can’t see well?” says Alexander, an American teacher in China. However, not everyone holds the same view. Some believe that environmental problems can influence the eyesight. Eye illnesses, accidental injury and improper use of eyes can also cause poor eyesight. Each of these should be considered before making this decision. It seems unfair, not well considered and may fail to reach the goal. Here is what I think. First, why some students have shortsightedness（近视）is that their parents have it. Second, some being shortsighted is most probably a result of hard work. If those who work hard get lower scores than those who do not, it’s unfair for the hard-working students. Third, rich families can afford expensive treatment of shortsightedness while common family cannot. I just feel so sad for students nowadays, for they are already under such heavy stress from the competitive environment. Yet they still have to pay for such a policy（政策）. 1．If you want to be accepted by a high school, you have to ________ according to Paragraph 1. A．get the normal eyesight B．pass the P.E. test C．keep your body healthy D．test your eyesight 2．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Shortsightedness can be passed down to children by their parents. B．Some students don’t like wearing glasses because they feel ashamed. C．All Chinese students will be tested on “physical health” , including eyesight. D．Some people think that it’s not fair to include eyesight in high school entrance exam. 3．The underlined word “injury” probably means ________ in Chinese in this passage. A．受伤 B．治疗 C．使用 D．处理 4．According to the passage, we can see that the writer might ________ the decision to include the eyesight test in high school entrance exam. A．be for B．not care about C．be against D．be pleased with 5．The best title of this passage is “________”. A．Schools should pay attention to protecting eyesight. B．Should eyesight be included in high school entrance exam? C．It’s a great idea to include eyesight in high school entrance exam. D．Patents warmly welcome the decision to include eyesight in high school entrance exam. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】议论文、制度、身体部位 【分析】文章大意：把视力作为中考的一部分的决定引起了热烈的讨论，有些人认为视力不好怎么学习呢，作者认为很多问题都会影响视力，在做决定之前，这些都应该考虑。 1．细节理解题。根据“Recently, the decision to include eyesight as part of high school entrance exam（中考）has caused a lot of discussion”可知，如果你想被一所高中录取，你必须得到正常的视力，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Students in the city of Changzhi, Shanxi province will be tested on their “physical health”, including eyesight”可知，山西省长治市的学生将接受包括视力在内的“身体健康”测试，所以C选项表述错误，故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Eye illnesses, accidental injury and improper use of eyes can also cause poor eyesight”可知，眼部疾病、意外伤害和不当使用眼睛也会导致视力下降，所以injury表示“受伤”，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“It seems unfair, not well considered and may fail to reach the goal”以及最后一段的描述，可知，作者认为一些环境原因可能导致视力问题，这样的入学测试是不公平的，故可看出作者是持反对意见，故选C。 5．最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文是围绕“把视力作为中考一部分的决定”的意见和看法，故选B。 C When your pen is broken, the battery in your toy runs out, or you have some leftover food. What do you do with these things? You will probably throw them all into one bin. But actually, all of these pieces of trash need to be sorted separately. In recent years, some Chinese cities have been working hard on it. Shanghai has worked with Alipay to create a“ green account(绿色账户)”service for people. Account holders get points by correctly sorting their garbage. Through the Alipay app, they can exchange the points for milk, phone cards and other products. The city is asking all of its people to sort their garbage into four groups: wet, recyclable, harmful and dry. Wet waste is also known as household waste. “They are things you don’t want but that pigs can eat,” Guangzhou Daily explained. Paper, metal, glass and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste. Harmful waste includes things like medicine batteries and fluorescent bulbs(荧光灯泡). Finally, any waste that’s not wet, recyclable or harmful will go in the “dry waste” bin. Many other Chinese cities are also using this method to sort their garbage. For example, Shenzhen has been sorting its garbage into the same four groups since 2012. Students there also receive waste-sorting guidebooks that they must study. China is improving its waste-sorting efforts. There is still a long way to go. But it’s never too late to learn how to sort your trash properly and protect the environment. If you don’t sort your garbage, all of it will go to a landfill and be buried together. These landfills can take up large areas of ground that could have been used for planting trees or crops. The electronic waste you throw away, such as batteries, can pollute the soil and groundwater. Other pieces of garbage, like the metal part of a pen, can be used to make other things if they are properly recycled.根据材料内容选出最佳答案。 1．How is Shanghai encouraging people to sort their garbage? A．By paying people to sort their trash correctly. B．By providing its people with guidebooks to help them. C．By allowing people to exchange garbage with each other. D．By creating a “green account” service with the help of Alipay. 2．Which of the following would be sorted as wet waste? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “landfill” mean? A．里程碑 B．地下水 C．填埋场 D．风景区 4．What do we know about garbage sorting in China? A．It started its garbage sorting system in 2012. B．There is still a lot of work to be done in this area. C．Landfills are a great method of dealing with garbage. D．Students have to take waste-sorting classes in school. 5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Where we can deal with our waste. B．Why we should sort our garbage properly. C．What kinds of waste can pollute the environment. D．How some kinds of waste can be reused and recycled. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】词句猜测、推理判断、主旨大意、细节理解、议论文、环境污染、环境保护 【分析】这篇短文主语讲述了垃圾分类是一个世界性的大问题。如果你不分类你的垃圾，它会被送到垃圾填埋场一起掩埋，这样会对我们周围的环境造成危害。 1．细节理解题。根据文中第二段“Shanghai has worked with Alipay to create a“green account(账户)” …they can exchange the points for milk, phone cards and other products.”可知，在支付宝的帮助下创建“绿色账户”服务。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Wet waste is also known as household waste.”及“They are things you don’t want but that pigs can eat,” 湿垃圾又称为生活垃圾。它们是你不想要的，但是猪可以吃。结合图片，电池，水和药不符合，A选项图片为生活垃圾，符合题意。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据“If you don’t sort your garbage, all of it will go to a landfill and be buried together.如果你不把垃圾分类，所有的垃圾都会送去a landfill并被填埋” 以及“These landfills can take up large areas of ground that could have been used for planting trees or crops.”这些landfills可以占用大量原本可以使用种树和庄稼的地方。可猜测出垃圾是送去“填埋场”，这些地方会占用大量原本可以使用种树和庄稼的地方。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文中倒数第二段“China is improving its waste-sorting efforts. There is still a long way to go.”可知，至于垃圾分类，我们还有很长的路要走。也就是“我们中国人还有很多工作要做”。故选B。 5．段落大意题。通读整个最后一段可知，主要讲述了为什么我们要把垃圾分类，不分类会带来什么害处。“Why we should sort our garbage properly.”符合段意。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$