Unit 7 语法被动语态课件 2024-2025学年牛津译林版（2012）八年级英语下册

被动语态 （一） 1 从这个动画中，我们能观察到什么呢？ 2 动词原形 三单 现在分词 过去式 过去分词 一般现在时 现在进行时 一般过去时 现在完成时 eat eats eating ate eaten 被动语态 动词的五种形式 3 She eats an apple. 主动语态 被动语态 The apple is eaten by her. 主语是动作的执行者 主语是动作的承受者 两大语态 英语语态指的是主语与谓语动词之间的关系，如果是主动关系（主语是动作的执行者），句子就是主动语态；如果是被动关系（主语是动作的承受者），句子就是被动语态。 4 被动语态 （主语“我”是动作的执行者，是主动语态） 例1：我关了窗户。 I close the window. 窗户被关了。 （主语“窗户”是动作的承受者，是被动语态） The window is closed. 被动语态格式： be动词+过去分词 窗户被我关了。 The window is closed by me. 如果强调动作的执行者，就在后面加上by+… (被…) 被动语态格式： be动词+过去分词+（by+…） 括号里的内容不要抄笔记 如果想说的再详细点，窗户是被谁关上的，我们就加上by表示被谁关的。 5 被动语态 （主语“他的弟弟”是动作的执行者，是主动语态） 例2：他的弟弟做晚饭。 His brother cooks the dinner. 晚饭是他的弟弟做的。 （主语“晚饭”是动作的承受者，是被动语态） The dinner is cooked by his brother. 括号里的内容不要抄笔记 6 例3：小偷被抓住了。 The thief is caught. (catch-caught-caught) 例4：小偷昨晚被抓住了。 The thief was caught last night. 被动语态 现在时和过去时的对比 7 am is are 一般现在时 was were 一般过去时 被动语态格式： be动词 + 过去分词 + 过去分词 + 过去分词 不同时态的被动语态 被动语态的时态在哪里体现？ be动词！ 我们以前学过五大时态，一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时，这五大时态都对应的被动语态。 我们知道被动语态的格式：be动词+过去分词+（by+…），那么大家想想这个格式要体现不同的时态，怎么变化？在哪里变化？ 只能在be动词上采取相应的变化来体现不同的时态。 8 过去分词，你还记得多少？ buy get got have had leave left meet met send sent bought 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 got had left met sent bought put put put read read read eat ate eaten speak spoke spoken give gave given 同学们，我们先复习一下过去分词。因为过去分词和我们这节课有密切的联系。 我们先来测试一下，看看大家的记忆里还能记得多少过去分词。 通过测试发现大家遗忘了不少，回去还要复习记忆啊！ 那么接下来我们把所有的学过的过去分词一起复习一遍。 9 过去分词 buy find found get got have had hear heard leave left lose lost make made meet met send sent sweep swept tell told bought 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 found got had heard left lost made met sent swept told bought A B B ABB型，Lesson88 10 cut cut cut A A A put put put read read read set set set shut shut shut hurt hurt hurt cost cost cost let let let hit hit hit 过去分词 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 AAA型 11 do did done A B C rise rose risen eat ate eaten speak spoke spoken give gave given swim swam swum take took taken come came come 过去分词 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 go went gone see saw seen ABC型 12 例5：很多房子被建成了。 A lot of houses are built. (build-built-built) 例6：在过去，许多树木被砍了。 Many trees were cut in the past. (cut-cut-cut) 被动语态 13 The watch is repaired. (repair-repaired-repaired) Her wallet was found yesterday. (find-found-found) 例7：手表被修好了。 例8：她的钱包昨天被找到了。 被动语态 14 These cars were bought last week. (buy-bought-bought) The children are always sent to school by their parents. (send-sent-sent) 例9：这几辆车是上周买的。 例10：孩子们总是被父母们送到学校。 被动语态 15 1.The students clean the window of their classroom every day. The window of their classroom______ _______ every day. 2. We found the ticket on the floor . ______ ______ ______ ______ on the floor. 3. Last year we built a library in our school. A library _______ _______ in our school last year. is cleaned The ticket was found was built 总结： 被动语态的格式： be动词+过去分词+(by …) am/is/are +过去分词 一般现在时的被动语态的格式: 一般过去时的被动语态的格式: was/were +过去分词 复习 17 推 导 一般将来时的被动语态的格式？ will be +过去分词 例1：我们城市明年将建一座桥。 A bridge will be built in our city next year . 例2：我的作业明天将会做完。 My homework will be finished tomorrow. 让学生推导 18 推 导 过去将来时的被动语态的格式？ would be +过去分词 例1：他们肯定Jack会被打。(beat) They were sure that Jack would be beaten. 例2：他昨天说他的作业将会做完。 He said his homework would be finished yesterday. 让学生推导 19 推 导 现在进行时的被动语态的格式： 例1：那些花儿现在正在被浇水。 The flowers are being watered now. 例2：蛋糕正在制作中。 A cake is being made. 现在进行时格式 am/is/are + 现在分词 被动语态格式 be + 过去分词 合并： am/is/are+being+ 过去分词 这一页还有另外一种推导方式：被动语态中，我们用be动词体现时态，那完成时的be动词是？have/has been,可联想现在完成时那一课学过的。如果这里have/has been +过分，把been去掉就是现在完成时的格式了，所以been切勿忘记！ 20 推 导 过去进行时的被动语态的格式： 例1：花儿们那时正被工作人员们浇着水。 The flowers were being watered by the workers at that time. 例2：课桌那时正在制作中。 A desk was being made then. 过去进行时格式 was/ were + 现在分词 被动语态格式 be + 过去分词 合并： was/were+being+ 过去分词 这一页还有另外一种推导方式：被动语态中，我们用be动词体现时态，那完成时的be动词是？have/has been,可联想现在完成时那一课学过的。如果这里have/has been +过分，把been去掉就是现在完成时的格式了，所以been切勿忘记！ 21 推 导 现在完成时的被动语态的格式： 例1：这个房间已经被打扫了。 This room has been cleaned. 例2：那个小偷已经被警察抓住了。 That thief has already been caught by the police. 现在完成时格式 have/has + 过去分词 被动语态格式 be + 过去分词 合并： have /has +been + 过去分词 这一页还有另外一种推导方式：被动语态中，我们用be动词体现时态，那完成时的be动词是？have/has been,可联想现在完成时那一课学过的。如果这里have/has been +过分，把been去掉就是现在完成时的格式了，所以been切勿忘记！ 22 推 导 过去完成时的被动语态的格式： 例1：我听说他已经被送去医院了。(send) I heard he had already been sent to hospital. 例2：在我回家前，花已经被浇水了。 The flowers had already been watered before I went home. 过去完成时格式 had + 过去分词 被动语态格式 be + 过去分词 合并： had +been + 过去分词 这一页还有另外一种推导方式：被动语态中，我们用be动词体现时态，那完成时的be动词是？have/has been,可联想现在完成时那一课学过的。如果这里have/has been +过分，把been去掉就是现在完成时的格式了，所以been切勿忘记！ 23 推 导 情态动词的被动语态的格式： 例1：作业应该在10点前完成。 The homework should be finished before 10 o’clock. 例2：垃圾必须扔到垃圾桶里。 The rubbish must be thrown into the trash can. 情态动词 +be+过去分词 24 总结： will be +过去分词 一般将来时的被动语态的格式: 现在进行时的被动语态的格式: am/is/are+being +过去分词 过去进行时的被动语态的格式: was/were+being +过去分词 would be +过去分词 过去将来时的被动语态的格式: 复习 25 总结： have/has been +过去分词 现在完成的被动语态的格式: had+ been +过去分词 过去完成时的被动语态的格式: 情态动词的被动语态的格式: 情态动词+be +过去分词 复习 26 1.她将要浇花园里的花。 Practice： 分析：一般将来时的被动语态格式？ will be + 过去分词 “浇花”过去分词？ water-watered-watered The flowers in the garden will be watered by her. She will water the flowers in the garden. 主动： 变一般疑问句 27 2. 我们白天看不见星星。 Practice： 分析：情态动词的被动语态格式？ 情态动词 +be + 过去分词 “看见”过去分词？ see-saw-seen The stars can’t be seen in the daytime by us. We can’t see stars in the daytime. 主动： 28 3.工人们正在修那座桥。 Practice： 分析：现在进行时的被动语态格式？ am/is/are+being+ 过去分词 “修”过去分词？ build-built-built The bridge is being built. The workers are building the bridge. 主动： 变否定句 29 4.她的作业做完了。 Practice： 分析：现在完成时的被动语态格式？ have /has been + 过去分词 “做完”过去分词？ finish-finished-finished Her homework has been finished by her. She has finished her homework. 主动： 变否定句 30 5.他们明天将打扫房间。 Practice： 分析：一般将来时的被动语态格式？ will be + 过去分词 “打扫”过去分词？ clean-cleaned-cleaned The room will be cleaned by them tomorrow. They will clean the room tomorrow. 主动： 对tomorrow提问 31 6.交通规则必须遵守。 Practice： 分析：情态动词的被动语态格式？ 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 “遵守”过去分词？ obey-obeyed-obeyed The traffic rules must be obeyed by us. We must obey the traffic rules. 主动： 32 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。 Exercises： 1.English ___________(speak) by many people. 2.The games _________(sell) in may shops. 3. ______your room _________ (clean) every day? 4.Our classroom ____________ ( not clean ) yesterday. 5.Both of the two books __________ ( lose) last Sunday. 6.The students __________ ( ask ) to hand in their homework on time every day. is spoken are sold Is cleaned wasn’t cleaned were lost are asked 33 34 Homework $$