历史人物与故事加练-【一战成名新中考】2025辽宁中考英语中考必考知识点专题特训

历史人物与故事

Passage 1

Every culture produces men and women with sharp minds who spend their days thinking about the world and how to live a good and happy life. They are the philosophers.

Born in 551 BC, Confucius, kong zi, has made the greatest contribution to Chinese culture in history and his philosophical ideas are widely known. Although he was raised in a poor family, he visited famous scholars and learned a lot. He developed his thoughts into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism.

Confucius identified (发现) three main truths about how to live a good life. First, he said we should respect the king. Next, we should do everything possible to respect each other. Finally, he believed that we can have a really good and happy life if we learn to live in harmony (和谐). This means that we should try to find a way to live peacefully both with each other and with the natural world.

However, none of his wise sayings were written down while he was alive. His friends and followers collected them after his death. Slowly, people everywhere accepted his wisdom. Now his wise sayings have influenced many people in different countries. For example, one of his famous sayings: “What you know, you know; what you don’t know, you don’t know.”

Confucius was a great teacher as well and promoted (促进) education for ordinary (普通) people. He traveled around to promote his political thinking but failed. But he never gave up.

He is a great Chinese spiritual leader. Over the last 2, 000 years, his philosophy has continued to influence China and rest of the world. It is also regarded as the symbol of oriental (东方的) culture.

( D )1. Why are Confucius’ philosophical ideas widely known?

A. Because he was a great Chinese philosopher.

B. Because he taught a large number of students.

C. Because his work is studied at major world universities.

D. Because he had some deep views into life and how to live it well.

( D )2. Which of the following is NOT one of Confucius’ main truths about how to live a good life?

A. Respecting the king.    B. Respecting each other.

C. Living in harmony.    D. Helping the poor.

( D )3. From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4, we can know Confucius’ philosophical ideas about ________.

A. good manners  B. wisdom C. kindness  D. honesty

( B )4. What does the text mainly talk about?

A. How to live a good and happy life. 

B. Confucius and his philosophical ideas.

C. Why philosophers think deeply about life.

D. How did Confucius develop his Confucianism. 

Keys:1-4

Passage 2

Ban Zhao is a Chinese historian and philosopher(哲学家). 1.  A   One of Ban Zhao's greatest achievements is that she contributed(对……做贡献) greatly to the completion of the Book of Han.

Ban Zhao was born in Anling, near what is now modern Xianyang, Shaanxi Province. She married a man named Cao Shishu. Unluckily, her husband died when she was still young. She never remarried. 2.___B__

Ban Zhao completed her brother Ban Gu's work on the history of the Western Han, the Book of Han. 3.   D   After Ban Gu died, Ban Zhao helped finish the work by making up for the missing part of the Babiao. She added genealogy(家谱) of the mother of the emperor, providing much information which was not usually kept.

She also wrote Lessons for Women, an important work to teach women how to behave properly. Ban Zhao's Lessons for Women, only written for the daughters in Ban Zhao's family at first, got hot immediately at that time. The book has been popular for centuries as a guide for women's behavior.

4.__E__ She was often invited by the emperor to teach the queen mathematics, astronomy and poetry. She was honored as Da Gu. It was used to praise knowledgeable and excellent women. She was also good at writing poems, but only seven of her works have passed on.

A. She was the first known woman historian. B. After that, she spent most of her life in learning. C. Ban Gu's father had a great influence on her studying. D. It was the official dynastic history of the Western Han. E. Ban had a great interest in astronomy(天文学) and mathematics.

Keys:1-4

Passage 3

Su Shi was an amazing Chinese writer, poet and politician(政治家). In Chinese history, Su Shi, together with his brother Su Zhe and father Su Xun, were all famous and were called Three Sus.

As a child, Su Shi showed great talent and interest in literature(文学) and art. He studied hard and was influenced by his father and other famous people. At the age of 20, Su Shi successfully passed the imperial(科举) examination. Su Shi's early life was very good, but he experienced much hardship as he grew older. For example, his different opinions

often got him into trouble. Because of disagreement at court(官场), he was exiled(流放) three times.

Though Su Shi met a lot of difficulty, his literary talent continued to shine, and he produced a great number of poetic works during his lifetime. During his exile to Huangzhou in 1080, he found peace in nature and produced some of his best works. The famous poem Red Cliff(《赤壁赋》) was one of them. In addition, his collection of short stories, shows his humor and wisdom.

It was not only in the literary field that Su Shi was highly praised. As an official, he won the love and support of the people. During his services, he did a lot for the people. In 1077, he protected the city from a terrible flood. The people in Xuzhou were thankful to him and gave him some food as presents.

Su Shi's life was filled with achievements and troubles. And he is remembered as one of the greatest people in Chinese history. His creative works and never-give-up spirit continue to influence and guide people around China.

1.   What’s Su Shi talented in when he was a child?

Literature and art.

2．Which word in Paragraph 3 has the same meaning with “difficulty”?

Hardship.

3.Why did Su Shi win the love and support of the people?

Because he cared about them and protected them in a terrible flood.

4.What do you think of Su Shi? Write 30 words or more.

I think he is an excellent poet because his poems have encouraged many people to keep going when they get into trouble.(开放性题目，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。)

Passage 4

To me, one of the most inspiring people in Chinese history is Mozi. It is said that Mozi was 1. a soldier. He was good at woodwork and was the inventor of kites. But in fact, above all, he was a great thinker. 

Mozi 2. lived(live) during the Warring States Period. Back then, many countries were fighting against each other. In these wars, the common people 3. were hurt(hurt) and became homeless. To Mozi, this had to stop, so he spent his life trying his best 4. to bring(bring) peace. He started to set up the Mohist school, which was different 5. from other schools of thought at that time.

His idea of love was one reason that Mozi wanted peace. It was important for him that everyone should show the same kindness 6. and care to everyone else whether they were family, friends, or strangers. He also believed 7. states(state) should avoid attacking one another.

Though Mozi lived more than 2,000 years ago, 8. his(he) ideas still live on. I think he is still a great inspiration to many people. His works were influential during his time and continue to be 9. widely(wide) studied today. Now more than ever, people around the world need to hear the message of peace and love. And people are supposed to work together to build a 10.