第10章 定语从句-2024-2025学年高中英语语法表解大全

274 高中英语词汇语法表解大全 27.havemade 28.recommended 29.wereinvited 30.has/wilhave 31.improved 32.voiced 33.suggests/suggested/hassuggested 34.fel 35.wil beinstaled/wil havebeen instaled 36.hadhoped 37.havebeenpractising 38.hasremained 39.declined 40.suits 41.toclassify 42.hadexpected 43.means;isconstructed 44.carries 45.bechosen 46.pointed 47.formed 48.arecaled 49.is 50.wasneeded 51.haddiscovered 52.meant 53.was 54.focused 55.addressed 56.haswalked 57.isdesigned 58.isviewed/hasbeenviewed 59.havepromised 60.wasstuck 61.carried 62.wereestablished 63.hasprovided 64.wasfounded 65.hasheld 66.haveput 67.haveshaped 68.hasused 69.hasbeenregarded 70.hasbeen 71.wished 72.means 73.werepermitted 74.featured 75.bedistributed 76.was 77.stretches 78.hasenhanced 79.arerequired 80.islocated 81.arepraised 82.wasfolowed 83.aregiven 84.hadbeen 85.wasastonished 86.waslisted 87.contains 88.hasmade 89.wilbesold 90.beemployed 91.wereasked 92.walks 93.were 94.wasbuilt 95.bedone 96.beoffered 97.havestarted 第十章 定语从句 1.as 2.who 3.which 4.as/which 5.where 6.which 7.when 8.who 9.where 10.who 11.which 12.which 13.whom 14.where 15.where 16.which 17.whose 18.which 19.where 20.As 21.when 22.which/that 23.where 24.that 25.where 26.whose 27.where 28.which 29.as 30.which 31.which 32.whom 33.that 34.which 35.who/that 36.which/that 37.who/that 38.when 39.where 40.whose 41.which 42.where 43.whose 44.which/that 45.which 46.where 47.who 48.that 49.that 50.which 51.that 52.which 53.who/that 54.where 55.which 56.which/that 57.whose 58.when 59.whose 60.whose 61.which 62.which 63.that/which 64.that 65.that/which 66.where 67.that/which 68.who 69.which 70.which/that 第十一章 名词性从句与直接引语变间接引语 1.how 2.that 3.where 4.what 5.when 6.that 7.why 8.that 9.How 10.what 11.what 12.Where 13.what 14.Whoever 15.However 16.where 17.what 18.that 19.What 20.that 21.that 22.What 23.how 24.because 25.that 26.What 27.how 28.that 29.What 30.whether 31.that 32.that 33.what 34.what 35.that 36.whether 37.where 38.how 39.whether 40.that 41.whether 42.where 43.whether 44.that 45.that 46.that 47.that 48.that 49.What 50.what 51.that 52.how 53.that 54.where 55.that 56.what 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 第一部分　第十章 定语从句 165 第十章 定语从句 类别 指代范围 主格 宾格 所有格 例 示 关 系 代 词 人 who (whom) whose 物 which (which) whose 人或物 that (that) whose 关系代 词 引 定 从,that主、宾、人、物 用;which主、宾,只于物,whose定语, 人、物用;指人who主、whom宾,that 不引非限定,句中作宾常可省;which, whom作宾语,句中常省也不用 (1)Heistheboywho/thatmetJacktheotherday. ☉Heistheboywho/thatwasnamedJack. ☉Heistheboy(whom/that)Jackmettheotherday. ☉Heistheboywhosefatherisadoctor. (2)Thenovelwhich/thatwasreadbyyouisinteresting. ☉Thenovel(which/that)youreadisinteresting. ☉Thenovel,whichyouread,isinteresting. ☉Thenovelwhosecoverwasbrokenisinteresting. 关 系 副 词 指代范围 连接词 作……语 时间 when 状语 地点 where 状语 原因 why 状语 ★表示时间、地点、原因、方式的先行 词作定语从句谓语动词的主语、宾语 时,应用that或which (1)Thisisthedaywhenhewenttocolege. ☉Thisistheday(which/that)hewenttocolegeon. ☉Thisistheday(which/that)hewilneverforget. ☉Thisisthedaywhich/thatmustberememberedbyus. (2)Thisistheplacewhereheusedtolive. ☉Thisistheplace(which/that)heusedtolivein. ☉Thisistheplace(which/that)hevisitedbefore. (3)Ibelievethereasonwhyhewaslateforschool. ☉Ibelievethereason(which/that)hegivesmeaboutit. ☉Ibelievethereasonthat/whichexplainsthematter. 只 用 关 系 代 词 that 下列情况一般只能用that: (1)当先行词为al/few/little/much/ theone/none/some/anything/ something/nothing/everything等 时 (2)当先行词前有序数词或形容词最 高级修饰时 (3)当先行词本身就是序数词或形容 词最高级时 (4)当先行词为人、物并用时 (5)当 先 行 词 被 al/every/no/ some/any/ little/ much/ the only/thevery/theright/the last/few/justthe等修饰时 (6)当主句是以who,which开头的特 殊疑问句时 (1)Awisemanthinksalthathesays,afoolsaysalthathe thinks.智者深思熟虑,愚者信口开河。 (2)Anythingthatcanburnisasourceofheatenergy. 能燃烧的任何东西都是热源。 (3)Thisisthebestbookthathasappearedthisyear. 这是今年出版的最好的书。 (4)That􀆳sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe􀆳veeverstayed in. 这是我们曾经待过的最贵的旅馆。 (5)Hewasthefirstthatcameandthelastthatwent. 他是第一个来的,又是最后一个走的。 (6)Theytalkedaboutthingsand persons (that)they rememberedinschool. 他们谈起了他们在学校能记起的人和事。 (7)Thereisnodifficulty(that)wecan􀆳tovercome. 我们没有克服不了的困难。 (8)Manistheonlyanimalthathasthepowerofspeech. 人是具有语言能力的唯一动物。 (9)Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate? 站在门口的那个人是谁? (10)Whichisthenovelthatyoulikebest? 哪个是你最喜欢的小说。 166 高中英语词汇语法表解大全 续表 类别 详解与应用 例 示 介 词 与 关 系 代 词 1.介词+关系代词(在定语从句中 作定语),此时关系代词不能省 略,但分开位于定语从句后则可 以省略,选择介词和关系代词的 具体方法是: (1)根据定语从句中动词所需要 的某种习惯搭配来选择适当 的介词 (2)根据先行词选择适当的关系 代词 (3)“介词+whom”指人,“介词 +which”指物 (4)依据所表达的意思确定 (1)ThisisthegirlfromwhomIlearnedthenews. =Thisisthegirl(whom/that)Ilearnedthenewsfrom. 这就是我从她那里得知消息的那个女孩。 (2)Thisisthebooktowhichyoucanrefer. =Thisisthebook(which/that)youcanreferto. 这就是你可参考的那本书。 (3)ThisisthedictionaryforwhichIpaid5dolars. =Thisisthedictionary(which/that)Ipaid5dolarsfor. 这就是我花五美元买的那本词典。 (4)Waterisaliquid,withoutwhichwecan􀆳tlive. 水是一种液体,没有水我们就不能生存。 2.名词或代词等+介词+关系代 词:此类结构常见的词有one/ two/both/al/some/most/ several/few/afew/little/alittle /many/more/ much/none/ half/the最高级/the比较级/ 百 分 数/ 分 数 等 ofwhich/ whom等形式 (1)Thereare40studentsinourclass,mostofwhom(=andmost ofthem)arefromthesouth. 我们班有四十个学生,其中大部分来自南方。 (2)Ipickeduptheapples,someofwhich (=ofwhichsome= andsomeofthem)werebad. 我捡了这些苹果,其中一些是坏的。 (3)Therearetwobuildings,thelargerofwhich(=andthe largerofthem)standsnearly100feethigh. 有两栋楼房,其中较大的一栋高近100英尺。 3.关系副词与介词+关系代词的 转换: (1)when可与适当介词+which 转换表时间; (2)where可与适当介词+which 转换表地点; (3)why可与forwhich转换表 原因; (4)that可与inwhich转换表示 方式 (1)Istilrememberthedaywhen (=onwhich)youleftfor Paris.我现在仍记得你当时动身去巴黎的那一天。 (2)Thatistheuniversitywhere(=inwhich)Iusedtostudy. 这就是我过去就读的那所大学。 (3)Canheexplainthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslate? 他能解释当时迟到的原因吗? (4)Ilikethewaythat(=inwhich)youdealwithmatters. 我喜欢你处理问题的方式。 4.关系代词 whose与ofwhom/of which转换: ◆先行词指物+whose+名词+ 定语从句=先行词+ofwhich+ the+名词+定语从句 ◆先行词指人+whose+名词+ 定语从句=先行词+ofwhom+ the+名词+定语从句 (1)Boyswhosedietishighinfatgainweighteasily. =Boysofwhomthedietishighinfatgainweighteasily. =Boysthedietofwhomishighinfatgainweighteasily. 饮食含脂肪高的孩子容易发胖。 (2)Themagazinewhosecoverisbrokenismine. =Themagazineofwhichthecoverisbrokenismine. =Themagazinethecoverofwhichisbrokenismine. 皮破的那本杂志是我的。 5.介词后加whom,which,whose 的区别: ◆介词+whom(指人)+主谓结 构; ◆介词+which(指物)+主谓结 构; ◆介词+whose+人或物的名词 +主谓结构; (1)Heisthelawyertowhomyoucanturn. 他就是你可求助的那位律师。 (2)Knowledgeisthewingswithwhichwerealizedreams. 知识是我们借以实现梦想的翅膀。 (3)Heisafamousdoctor,withwhosehelpshewassaved. 他是位名医,在他的帮助下,她得救了。 (4)Heworksinacompany,inwhosefrontthereisapark. 他在一家公司上班,在公司前面有个公园。 第一部分　第十章 定语从句 167 续表 类别 详解与应用 例 示 特 殊 结 构 的 定 语 从 句 1.隔离式定语从句(即先行词与关 系代词、关系副词之间被 (1)介 词 短 语(2)不 定 式 短 语 (3)同位语(4)谓语等成分分隔 开来,以保持结构平衡,强调需 要。在阅读时会经常遇到这种 情况,因此要特别注意识别先行 词的修饰对象 (1)Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun. 天上有无数颗像太阳般的星星。(介词短语) (2)Sheaskedtheboytostayathomewhohadbeenilforalongtime. 她要久病的男孩儿待在家里。(不定式短语) (3)Worldpeople,especiallythosepeople,wholongforpeace don􀆳tlikewar.世界人民,特别是那些渴望和平的人们不喜欢 战争。(同位语) (4)Thedaywilcomewhenmancanmakefuluseofsolarenergy. 人类充分利用太阳能的日子将会到来。(谓语) (5)Alarenotfriendsthatspeakusfair. 说我们好话的不一定都是朋友。(谓语) 2.插入式定语从句(亦称混杂式定 语从句):即在关系代词与从句 中 插 入 Ithink/Ibelieve/I guess/Iexpect/Iamsure/ theysay等,使定语从句更加复 杂,我们称这种定语从句为插入 式定语从句 (1)Tomistheonlyonewhoweexpectwilwin. 汤姆是我们认为唯一能获胜的人。 (2)I􀆳vegotapropositionthatI􀆳msurewilinterestyou. 我有一个我确信你会感兴趣的建议。 (3)Manycolegestudentshavemasteredcomputer,drivingand foreignlanguages,whichweallknowarethemostimportant thingsintoday􀆳ssociety. 很多大学生掌握了计算机、驾驶和外语,我们都知道这些在当 今社会是非常重要的。 3.多重定语从句:即两个或两个 以上的定语从句同时修饰一个 先行词,在这种句型中,如果关 系代词在从句中作宾语,那么 第一个定语从句中关系代词可 以省略,但第二个及其以后的 关系代词不可省略,通常在最 后一个定语从句之前用并列连 词连接 (1)Thehouse(that)heboughtin1986,andwhichhesoldtwo yearslater,isagainonthemarket. 他1986年购买,两年后又卖掉的那所房子现在又要出售。 (2)Heisamanthatweallloveandwholovesusall. 他是一个我们大家都热爱,他也爱我们大家的人。 (3)Chinaisanatractivecountrywhichhasthelargestpopulation, wheretherearelotsofmysteriousstoriesandlegendsandthat manywesternersarestilnotfamiliarwith. 中国是一个充满魅力的国家,她拥有世界上最多的人口,有许 多神秘的故事和传说,但也是很多西方人还不熟悉的国度。 4.省略式定语从句:(即介词+关 系代词+不定式;此结构可与介 词+关系代词+定语从句结构 转换。 (1)Heisaniceperson withwhomtowork. toworkwith. (whom/that)youcanworkwith. withwhomyoucanwork. 他是一个很容易共事的人。 (2)Hehasacomputer withwhichtosurftheInternet. tosurftheInternetwith. whichhecansurftheInternetwith. withwhichhecansurftheInternet. 他有电脑可上网。 5.有的语法家认为than亦可用 作关系代词引导定语从句,这 时than前必须使用比较级形 式 (1)Youspentmoremoneythanwasintendedtobespent. 你花的钱超过了预定的数额。 (2)Theboyhaseatenmorefoodthanisgoodforhishealth. 这男孩儿吃得多对身体不好。 (3)Thequestionismorecomplicatedthanappearsonthesurface. 问题比表面上看来更复杂。 6.no(never,not)+先行词+but (准关系代词)=that􀆺not= who􀆺no没有……不……的, but-从句与主句一起构成双重 否定句 (1)Therewasnomanbutadmired (=whodidn􀆳tadmire) him.没有人不羡慕他的。 (2)Thereisnodifficultybutmaybe(=thatmaynotbe) smoothedaway.没有克服不了的困难。 (3)Thereisnoonebuthasafewfaults.人无完人。 168 高中英语词汇语法表解大全 续表 类别 详解与应用 例 示 特 殊 结 构 的 定 语 从 句 7.当 先 行 词 为 area/case/ conditions/situation/position/stage/ point/instance/scene/activity/ job/family/等名词表示模糊地 点,且定语从句结构完整时用 关系副词where引导定语从句 (1)Therearesomecases,wheretheruledoesn􀆳tholdgood. 在某些情况下,这条规则不适用。 (2)Hehadtofacetheconditionswherepressurewasheavy. 他必须面对压力很大的情况。 (3)Iwilshowyouthepointwhereyoufail. 我将指出你的失败所在。 (4)Thisisajobwhereyoucanlearnsomething. 从这项工作中你能学到一些东西。 8.当先行词为interval/occasion/ age/period等表示模糊时间,且 定语从句结构完整时用关系副 词when引导定语从句 (1)Festivalsaretheoccasionswhenonemisseshisdearmost. 每逢佳节倍思亲。 (2)Adolescenceistheagewhenchildrentrytobringuptheir parents.青春期就是孩子们试图让父母成长的时候。 9.一般不能使用介词+关系副词 结构,但from where是 个 例 外,这时 where指代地点短语 而不是指代某个先行词,有人 说fromwhere中的 where为 关系代词,可以引导定语从句 (1)Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehil,fromwhereshecould haveagoodviewofthewholetown. 她登上山顶,从那里她可以一览全城风光。 (2)ThecarstoppedsuddenlyonlyafewinchesfromwhereIstood. 那辆小汽车就在离我站的地方仅几英寸处突然停下了。 (3)HisguardianfinalyalowedhimtogotoParis,fromwhere hewentonhisfirstvoyage.他的监护人终于让他去了巴黎, 从那儿他开始了他的首次航行。 10.when有时可作关系代词,意 为 “那 时”,跟 在 since/by/ before等介词后作宾语 (1)Thatwasin1949,sincewhen(=andsincethen)thingshave beenbetter.那是在1949年,自那以后,情况一直好转。 (2)Iwenttobedatten,beforewhen(=andbeforethen)Iwasreading foranhour.我十点睡觉,在此之前我看了1小时的书。 (3)Nextsummer,bywhen(=andbythen)thehouseshouldbe ready.明年夏天,到那时房子应该盖好了。 11.whose在定语从句中可同it 连用,这时it作形式主语,表 示强调,有时it可省略 Ateacherisapersonwhosedutyitistoteach.=Ateacherisa personwhoseduty(=andhisorherduty)istoteach. 老师是一个其职责是教学的人。 12.集体名词充当先行词,强调整 体用which,强调各个成员用 who (1)Theteam,whichisplayingwel,wilcomeoutfirst. 这个球队打得好,将得第一。 (2)Theteam,whoarehavingarest,wilbeginanothermatchsoon. 这些队员正在休息,一会儿他们将参加另一场比赛。 13.●whose+名词+主语+谓 语结构=and+ 形容词性物主 代词+名词+主语+谓语结 构(其关系代词后的名词与前 面的先行词有关) ●which+名词+主语+谓语 结构=and+this/that等 + 名词+主语+谓语结构(其关 系代词后的名词与前面的先 行词无关,但与前面的整个句 子有关) (1)Jackwasafamousdoctor,withwhosehelp (=andwithhis help),theysucceededinanoperation. 杰克是位名医,在他的帮助下,他们成功做了一次手术。 (2)Itoldhimtogotoseeadoctor,whichadvice (=andthis advice)hetook.我叫他去看医生,他接受了这个劝告。 (3)Hemaybelate,inwhichcase(=andinthiscase)weought towaitforhim. 他可能会迟到,如果情况是这样,我们应该等他。 第一部分　第十章 定语从句 169 续表 类别 详解与应用 例 示 关 系 代 词 as 的 用 法 1.as引导的非限制性定语从句通常对整 个主句所表示的内容或意义进行评述 或加以说明,不能指代单个先行词,有 点儿像插入语,从句的位置很灵活,可 位于 句 首、句 中 或 句 末,常 作 see/ know/hear/watch/remember/say/ tel /show/expect/guess/announce/ report等这些动词主动语态的宾语和 这些动词被动语态的主语,与这类动 词几乎成了一种固定搭配,此外也可 作表语,此时的as仍具有“正如,像,由 ……而知,与……一致”等某些连词的 语义,翻译时有时可不必译出。 (1)As(宾语)wealknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina. →Taiwan,aswealknow,belongstoChina. →TaiwanbelongstoChina,aswealknow. →As(主语)isknowntoal,TaiwanbelongstoChina. 大家都知道,台湾属于中国。 (2)As(主 语)wasexpected,hecompletedthetaskwith success.如前所料,他成功地完成了任务。 (3)As(主语)hasbeensaidbefore,grammarisnotasetof deadrules.如前所述,语法不是一套死规则。 (4)Thisproblemisnoteasytosolve,as(表语)indeeditis. 这个问题不易解决,确实如此。 (5)As(主语)isoftenthecase,hedozesoffinclass. 他上课打瞌睡,这是常见的事。 2.as引导 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 常 和the same/such/as/so等连用,在从句中 常作主语、宾语等。 (1)Polutionissuchaproblemas(=thesameproblemas) (主语)concernsthemankind. 污染是一个关系到全人类的问题。 (2)Takeasmanyas(宾语)youwant.要多少就拿多少。 (3)Hehasasmuchsocialexperienceasyou. 他像你一样富有社会经验。 (4)GermanisnotsodifficultalanguageasEnglish. 德语没有英语难学。 3.(1)thesame􀆺as(指不同的人或物) (2)thesame􀆺that(指同一人或物) (1)ThisisthesamebookasIlentyou(是两本书) (2)ThisisthesamebookthatIlentyou.(是同一本书) 4.as引导非限制性定语从句,从句中的 be动词可省略,which则不能 (1)As(was)planned,wemetattheairport. 按照计划,我们在机场相见。 (2)Thematerialiselastic,as(is)showninthefigure. 如图所示,这种材料富有弹性。 5.as引导非限制性定语从句作主语,常 可与be,seem,become,occur,happen 等具有系动词功能的动词连用 (1)Thehal,asoftenhappens,becameverycrowded. 大厅非常拥挤,这种情况时常发生。 (2)Hedidmuchbutsaidlittle,asbecamehischaracter. 他多做少说,这是他的秉性。 6.as构成的短语:asmaybeimagined正 如所想像的那样/asmightbeexpected 正如所料/asmentionedabove如上所 述/ashasbeenstated如前所述/aswe alcansee正 如 大 家 所 见 到 的/as folows如下/asmuchastosay好像是 说/asexplainedbefore如 前 所 释/as hasbeenproved业已证明/asindeedit is的确如此/asisoftenthecase通常如 此/asisshowninthegraph如图所示/ asIremember我记得 (1)Morepeople,aswesee,havecometorealizethe significanceofpolutioncontrol.正如我们所见,更多 的人已经意识到污染控制的重要性。 (2)Asallknow,practiceistheonlyyardstickoftruth. 众所周知,实践是检验真理的唯一标准。 (3)Asisoftenthecase,littleboystendtobeveryactive andoutofcontrol.小男孩儿总是很活泼好动,很难控 制,这是常见的情况。 (4)TherewasaNetbararoundhere,asIremember. 我记得这儿附近有一家网吧。 170 高中英语词汇语法表解大全 续表 类别 详解与应用 例 示 关 系 代 词 which 的 用 法 1.which引导非限制性定语从句, 可以指代先行词、句子或句子的 一部分,用来评述、肯定或否定 别人的陈述或想法,表明事物的 状态或结果,可位于句中,但不 能位于句首,在从句中作主语、 宾语、表语或定语,可指代主句 整个概念,也可指代单个先 行 词。 (1)Thesmaltown,whichheoncevisited,hasbecomeamodern city.他曾经访问过的那个小镇已成为一座现代化的城市。 (在句中作宾语) (2)Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantsto grow. 太阳照热大地,这就使植物有可能生长。(在句中作主语) (3)Heisahard-workingstudent,whichindeedheis. 他是个勤奋的学生,他的确是这样。(在句中作表语) 2.关系代词前有介词且指物或事 时要用which (1)Oxygenisoneofthethingsonwhichlifedepends. 氧气是一种生命赖以生存的东西。 (2)Wedidn􀆳tgotothefilm,insteadofwhichwewenttotheopera. 我们没有去看电影,取而代之,我们去看了歌剧。 3. 先 行 词 本 身 是that时 要 用 which What􀆳sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow? 刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么东西? 4.先 行 词 后 有 插 入 语 时 要 用 which Hereisthebookwhich,asI􀆳vetoldyou,wilhelpimprove yourEnglish.这就是我告诉过你的那本书,它能帮你提高英语。 5.在从句中作“主语+谓语+宾 语”结构中的主语或宾语时要用 which (1)Thesportsmeetwasputoff,whichastonishedus. 运动会被推迟,使大家惊奇。(作主语) (2)HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn􀆳tlike. 他不得不星期日上班,他不喜欢这样做。(作宾语) 6.在从句中作“主语+谓语+宾 语+宾语补足语”结构中的主 语或宾语时要用which (1)Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehismotherveryangry. 他没考好,使妈妈很生气。(作主语) (2)HeadmiresMrs.Brown,whichIfindquitestrange. 他很敬佩布朗夫人,我认为太奇怪了。(作宾语) 7.对主句内容起消极作用,或用 否定意义的从句时要用which Hedidn􀆳tgotouniversity,whichmadehisparentsdisappointed. 他没考上大学,使父母失望。 8.指人的“性质,身份”而不是指 人时要用which (1)Sheisdressedinwhitelikeanurse,whichsheisnot. 她穿着白大褂像个护士,实际她不是。 (2)Helookedlikeanhonestman,whichhewas. 他看来像一个诚实的人,实际上他也是。 9.指前面的形容词时要用which Heisalwayscheerful,whichishisfinesttrait. 他是快活的,这就是他的优点。 10.有时指它后面的宾语从句时 要用which Hetoldme,whichwasbelievable,whodidallthis. 他告诉我谁做的这件事,这是可信的。 11.有时泛指下文所指的话时要 用which Theastronautswent,and,whichismoreamazing,landedon themoon.宇航员们去了,更为惊奇的是登上了月球。 第一部分　第十章 定语从句 171 续表 类别 详解与应用 例 示 限 制 性性 定定 语语 从从 句句 与的 非区 限别 制 1.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺 少的定语;如果省去,主句的意思 就不完整或不明确。非限制性定 语从句只是对先行词作附加说明; 如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚 2.限制性定语从句与主句之间不用 逗号分开;非限制性定语从句与主 句之间要用逗号分开 (1)Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) (2)Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice. 这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性) (3) Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.他没说使她生气的话。 Hesaidnothing,which(=andit)madeherangry. 他没有作声,这使她非常生气。 3.限制性定语从句可以用that 引导;非限制性定语从句不用 that引导,应该用 which等引 导 (1)ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverread. 这是我读过的最有趣的小说。 (2)Ireadaninterestingstory,whichwasabouttheLongMarch. 我读了一本有趣的小说,它是关于长征的。 4.限制性定语从句的关系代词作 宾语时可省略,非限制性定语 从句的关系代词作宾语时则不 能省略,介词后的关系代词也 不能省略 (1)Iwilneverforgetthedays(that/which)wespenttogether. 我将不会忘记我们一起度过的岁月。 (2)Heistheman(whom/that)youcanturntoforadvice. →Heisthemantowhomyoucanturnforadvice. 他就是你可求教的人。(不能省) 5.限制性定语从句一般只修饰先 行词;非限制性定语从句可以 修饰先行词,也可以修饰其前 面的整个句子或句子的一部分 (1)Hewil makeatriptoSuzhouwhich/thatliesinJiangsu Province.他将去江苏省的苏州旅游。 (2)Hewil makeatriptoSuzhou,whichisfamousforits beautifulscenery. 他将去苏州旅游,该地方以美景著称。 (3)HemadeatriptoSuzhou,whichmadehimbenefitagreatdeal. 他去了苏州旅游,此行使他受益匪浅。 定 语 从 句 与 其 他 结 构 的 转 换 定语从句与其他结构的转换: (1)定语从句可与介词短语转换 (2)定语从句可与现在分词短语转 换 (3)定语从句可与过去分词短语转 换 (4)定语从句可与不定式短语转换 (5)定语从句可与并列句转换 (1)Theroadwhichisunderwaywilsoonbecompleted. =Theroadunderwaywilsoonbecompleted. 正在修建中的那条路很快就要竣工了。 (2)WhoisthegirlthatistalkingtoTominEnglish? =WhoisthegirltalkingtoTominEnglish? 正在用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁? (3)HeisreadingthenovelwhichiswrittenbyMoYan. =HeisreadingthenovelwrittenbyMoYan. 他在看莫言写的小说。 (4)Thisisthebestwaythatmakesfriendswithhim. =Thisisthebestwaytomakefriendswithhim. 这是与他交朋友的最好的方式。 (5)Thefirelastedanightandcausedgreatdamage. =Thefirelastedanight,whichcausedgreatdamage. 大火烧了一夜,结果造成巨大损失。 172 高中英语词汇语法表解大全 用适当的关系代词、关系副词填空。 1 Theairqualityinthecity, is showninthereport,hasimproved overthepasttwomonths. (福建) 2 ButSarah, hastakenpartin showsalongwithtopmodels,wants toprovethatshehasbrainsaswelas beauty. (2017全国Ⅲ) 3 Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof have been made into televisionseries. (山东) 4 Alotoflanguagelearning, hasbeendiscovered,ishappeningin thefirstyearoflife,so parents shouldtalk muchtotheirchildren duringthatperiod. (安徽) 5 Salesdirectorisaposition communicationabilityisjustassales skils. (重庆) 6 By16:30, wasalmostclosing time,nearlyal thepaintingshad beensold. (江西) 7 Ilivein an age more informationisavailablewithgreater easethaneverbefore. (浙江) 8 Elenwasapainterofbirdsandof nature, ,forsomereason, had withdrawn from al human society. (浙江) 9 Manycountriesarenowsettingup nationalparks animalsand plantscanbeprotected. (北京) 10 Happinessandsuccessoftencome to those are good at recognizingtheirownstrengths. (湖南) 11 Mo Yan wasawardedthe Nobel PrizeforLiteraturein2012, madeoneoftheChinesepeople􀆳s long-helddreamscometrue.(安徽) 12 Finaly,hereachedalonelyisland, was completely cut off fromtheoutsideworld. (山东) 13 Thechildren,al of had playedthe wholedaylong,were wornout. (浙江) 14 Themuseumwilopeninthespring withanexhibitionandviewingplatform visitorscanwatchthebig glasshousesbeingbuilt. (浙江) 15 Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcerned about the environment theylive. (四川) 16 Thepresidentofthe World Bank sayshehasapassionforChina, heremembersstartingas earlyashischildhood. (江苏) 17 Thebooktelsstoriesoftheearthquake throughtheeyesofthose liveswereaffected. (福建) 18 He may winthecompetition,in caseheislikelytogetinto thenationalteam. (辽宁) 19 He wrote a letter he explainedwhathadhappenedinthe accident. (江西) 20 is often the case with children,Amy wasbetterbythe timethedoctorarrived. (陕西) 21 Iam lookingforwardtotheday mydaughtercanreadthis bookandknowmyfeelingsforher. (湖南) 22 We􀆳lreachthesalestargetsina month wesetatthebeginning oftheyear. (重庆) 23 Halfanhourlater,Lucystilcouldn􀆳t getataxi the bus had 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 第一部分　第十章 定语从句 173 droppedher. (重庆) 24 Amongthemanydangers sailorshavetoface,probablythe greatestofalisfog. (江西) 25 Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesin communityactivities they cangainexperienceforgrowth. 26 Acompany profitsfrom homemarketsaredecliningmayseek opportunitiesabroad. (山东) 27 Thebossofthecompanyistryingto createaneasyatmosphere hisemployeesenjoytheirwork. (2015天津) 28 Creatinganatmospherein employeesfeelpartofateamisabig chalenge. (2015浙江) 29 Thenumberofsmokers, is reported,hasdroppedby17percent injustoneyear. (2015江苏) 30 However,becarefulnottogoto extremes. Like anything,it is possibletohavetoomuchofboth, isnotgoodforthehealth. (2017全国Ⅰ) 31 Scientists have advanced many theoriesabout whyhuman beings crytears,noneof hasbeen proved. (2016浙江) 32 Manyyoungpeople,mostof were wel-educated, headed for remoteregionstochasetheirdreams. (2016江苏) 33 Thelittle problems we meetin our daily lives may be inspirationsforgreatinventions. (2017北京) 34 NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9am to5pm dailyatthepetshopin Macclesfield, she opened withherlatehusbandLes. (2019全国Ⅱ) 35 They were wel trained bytheir masters had great experience with caring for these animals. (2019全国Ⅱ) 36 Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisa pieceofcloth givesofflight inthedark. (2019浙江) 37 Thestudentsbenefitingmostfrom colege are those are totalyengagedin academiclife, takingfuladvantageofthecolege􀆳s chancesandresources.(2019北京) 38 Wehaveenteredintoanage dreams havethe bestchance of comingtrue. (2019江苏) 39 Theirchildisatthestage shecansayindividualwordsbutnot fulsentences. (2019天津) 40 Dr.Rowan, secretaryresigned twoweeksago,hashadtodoalhis owntyping. (2020天津) 41 Manylessonsarenowavailableonline, from studentscanchoose forfree. (2020江苏) 42 Because the moon􀆳s body blocks directradiocommunication witha probe,Chinafirsthadto puta sateliteinorbitabovethemoonina spot itcouldsendsignals tothespacecraftandtoEarth. (2020全国Ⅰ) 43 In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike. (2020全国Ⅲ) 44 The80,000objectscolectedbySir HansSloane,forexample,formedthe corecolectionoftheBritishMuseum 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 174 高中英语词汇语法表解大全 openedin1759. (2020山东) 45 Wiliam Hastieoncesuggestedthat historyinformsusofpastmistakes from wecanlearnwithout repeatingthem. (2021天津) 46 AttheChineseartfestival,thereare different stands artists demonstratetheirskilsandteach thevisitors. (2021天津) 47 Onthel,100-kilometerjourney,the manCaoShengkang, lost hiseyesightattheageofeightina caraccident,crossed40citiesand countiesinthreeprovinces. (2022全国甲卷) 48 TheGPNPisintendedtoprovide stronger protection for al the species live within the GiantPandaRangeandsignificantly improvethehealthoftheecosystem inthearea.(2022全国新高考Ⅰ卷) 49 Kim Cobb,a professor at the GeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyin Atlanta,is one of a smal but growing minority of academics arecuttingbackontheirair travelbecauseofclimatechange. (2022一月浙江卷) 50 Theplanistobuild“1-2-3circles” for passenger trips and the transportationofgoods, meanstraveltimewithincitiesand cityclusters(城 市 群),andamong metropolises(大城市)wilbecutto one hour,two hours and three hours,respectively. (2022天星预测卷) 51 Thefirstpieces weredone bytheBritishenvironmentalistand artist Gerald Watterson became modestlysuccessful. (2023济南高三学情检测) 52 Morethan200booksweredonated from China􀆳s Jinling Library to MaltaLibraries, cover fields such as ancient Chinese literatureandart,history,culture, andfood. (2023济南高三统考) 53 Gabriel􀆳sstudyfoundthatpeople havestrongbondswith others are more likely to use comfortfoodsafteranargumentor otheremotionalystressfuloccasions. (2023惠州高三第一次调研考试) 54 During the Second World War, Chinese “jiaozi”was broughtto Japan, itbecameknownas “gyoza”andwasmoretypicalypan- fried.(2023南京高三六校联合调研) 55 Thecountryisnow hometo14 worldnaturalheritagesitesandfour mixedsites, arenotedfor bothculturalandnaturalfeatures, bothleadingtheworldintermsof quantity. (2023湖北重点中学高三第一次联考) 56 The content of the inscriptions emphasizes the respect for the ancestorsand othercore Chinese values havebeenpassedon untiltoday. (2023福州高中毕业班质量检测) 57 Iwas educated on the regional historyoftheMiaopeople cultureisrichinfashion,food, potteryandmusic. (2023广东普高统考模拟测试一) 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 第一部分　第十章 定语从句 175 58 Chineseteaculturestartedtoenjoy popularityduringtheTangDynasty andflourishedthroughouttheSong Dynasty, teahadbecomea necessityforalmosteveryone. (2023杭州高三教学质量检测) 59 Themuseumnowpreservesoriginal account books,letters, bils of exchange and seals, existence reflects the spirit and wisdomoftheShanximerchants. (2023武昌高三质检) 60 ThesecondintroducesTheGarden of Forking Paths,artist Kang􀆳s painting, titleisinspired fromJorgeBorges􀆳novel. (2023南京、盐城高三一模) 61 Askiledfarmerhastriedoutthe rice-fishfarmingsystem, benefitsnotonlytheenvironment butalsolocalresidents. (2023武汉高中毕业班四月调研) 62 Upgrades and expansions ofthe railwaynetworkcontinuequickly, withthousandsofkilometersofnew tracklaideach year, makesit possible to get almost anywhereyouwantbyrail. (2023合肥高三第一次教学质检) 63 Thesegreatitemsappearin many fashionshowsand mediapublications duetothepositivepublicity theyhavereceived. (2023苏北四市高三调研测试) 64 TheMingDynastymarkedaboomin theeconomyofSuzhou,thevery period turnedthecityinto amajorculturalcenter. (2023南京、盐城高三二模) 65 Butforal itsancientbuildings, Beijingisalsoaplace welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentof modern life, with 21st-century architecturalwondersstandingside bysidewithhistoricalbuildingsof thepast. (2023全国乙卷) 66 Therewasonceatownintheheart ofAmerica allifeseemed toenjoypeacefulco-existencewith itssurroundings. (2023全国甲卷) 67 TheGlasshousestandsasagreat achievementincontemporarydesign, to house the plants of the southwesternpartofChinaatthe endofapathretracing(追溯)the stepsalongtheSilkRoute broughttheplantsfromtheirnative habitatin Asiatocometodefine muchoftherichnessofgardeningin England. (2024新高考全国Ⅰ卷) 68 Chineseculturalelementscommemorating (纪念)TangXianzu, is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,”addaninternationalcharacter to Stratford-upon-Avon, Wiliam Shakespeare􀆳shometown. (2024新高考全国Ⅱ卷) 69 YelowstonewasthelargestUnited Statesnationalpark — 2.2milion acres— untilWrangel-SaintElias in southern Alaska, became a national monumentin 1978,tookthehonorsasanational parkin 1980 with 12.3 milion acres. (2024全国甲卷) 70 Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities— theypricegoodsintheway wilmakethemthemostmoney. (2024一月浙江卷) 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋