Unit 1 课时1 词汇&知识清单-【宝典训练】2024-2025学年八年级下册英语高效课堂（沪教牛津版 广州深圳沈阳通用）

nullUnit 1 Helping those in need NG▣9 知识清单 ●重点单词 1.permit.允许→permission n.准许；批准 2.able ad.有能力的→disabled adi.丧失能力的：有残疾的 3.ill adj.生病的→illness n.(某种)病 4.express.表达；表露expression m.表达；表情 5.difficult ad.困难的→difficulty n.困难；费劲 6.joyn.快乐：愉快；喜悦→joyful adj.快乐的 7.peace n.平静；宁静→peaceful ad.平静的 8.courage n.勇气；勇敢→encourage.鼓励 9.voluntary ad.自愿的；自发的一→volunteer n.志愿者 10.die.死dead→ad.死亡的→death n.死亡 ll.hurt.(hurt;hurt)(使)疼痛：受伤；伤害 l2.pay.(paid;paid)付费 ●重点短语 1.义务性工作voluntary work 2.目的在于；为了in order to 3.使振奋；使鼓起勇气raise one's spirits=raise one's courage 4.因…受苦：受折磨suffer from 5.报请批准ask permission 6.需要帮助的人the people in need 7.做某事有困难have difficulty(in)doing sth. 8.表达某人的感情express one's feelings 9.帮助某人give sb.a hand=help sb. 10.用某物做某事use sth.for doing sth. 11.继续做某事continue to do sth. 12.情绪高涨be in high spirits 13.身体状况良好/较差in good/bad health 14.年龄从…岁到…岁aged from.to.… l5.主动提出做某事offer to do sth. 16.大量的：数以百万计的millions of I7.给某人做某事的许可give sb.permission to do sth.l8.为某人支付pay for sb. 19.从事…的工作work as 20.在住院be in hospital 2L.带给某人喜悦和宁静bring sb.joy and peace 22.需要做某事need to do sth. 目重点句子 1.我们应该主动去做一些义务的工作。(offer to do sth.) We should offer to do some voluntary work. 2.他们遭受严重的疾病。(suffer from) They suffer from serious illnesses. 3.我教他们学英语。(teach sb.todo..) I teach them to learn English. 4.你能允许我们举行这个活动吗？(give sb.a permission to) Could you please give us a permission to hold this activity? 5.我会继续帮助那些需要帮助的人。(continue to do sth..) I will continue to help those in need. 6.他们在学习英语上有困难。(have difficulty doing sth.) They have difficulty learning English. 7.我们在帮助他们鼓起勇气。(raise one's spirits) We are helping them raise their spirits. 0>1● 宝典训综英语·八年级·下册（牛津版】 课时1词汇 课时笔记 ● 重点词汇学习 1L.raise.筹集；提升；增加；养育 A lot of students and parents are going to raise funds for the new school buildings. 许多学生和家长打算给学校的新楼筹集资金。 搭配 raise one's voice提高嗓门 raise a family养家糊口 raise money筹款 raise prices提高价格 raise one's spirits打起精神 raise the desk up举起桌子 raise cattle养牛 辨析：raise和rise raise第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising rise第三人称单数：rises 过去式：rose 过去分词：risen 现在分词：rising 这两个词都有“提高；上升：增加”的意思，但其用法不同。 (1)raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人，后面接宾语：而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是 物，后面不接宾语。如： DBecause my landlord raised my rent,I had to move to another place. 由于我的房东给我涨房租，我不得不搬去另外一个地方。 ②Smoke was rising from the chimney.烟肉之上，炊烟袅袅。 (2)raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。如： DThe price of vegetables has been raised during the typhoon days. 菜价在台风天被提高了。（强调人为因素） 2 The price of vegetables is always rising nowadays. 如今菜价总是在不断上升。（强调客观情况）》 小试件刀 )(1)The chairman his hand up and greeted the soldiers who suffered a lot in the war. A.raised B.rose C.rises )(2)The sun in the east,and sets in the west. A.is rising B.rises C.raises 2.permission n.(=agreement;approval to do something)准许；批准 Without my parents'permission,I don't dare to go out at night. 没有我父母的允许，我不敢晚上出去。 ●》2● Unit 1 Helping those in need 拓展：permit秋.允许 第三人称单数：permits过去式：permitted过去分词：permitted 现在分词：permitting permit后直接跟名词、动名词、双宾语，或者sb.todo。如： ①Mobile phones are not permitted in the library.图书馆里不许使用手机。 ②We don't permit smoking in the office.我们不许在办公室内吸烟。 ③Please permit me a few words.请允许我说几句。 ④Please permit me to find out the truth within ten days.请允许我十日内查明真相。 小试牛刀 :(1)Without our father's we can't go swimming in the river. 如果没有父亲的允许，我们不能去河里游泳。 :(2)The head teacher us to go on a spring outing this year. 校长允许我们今年去春游。 3.disabled adj.(=nable to do sth.,especially unable to use one's body properly)丧失能力的；有s残疾的 A traffic aceident made Jack a disabled child without parents. 一场交通事故使杰克变成了无父无母的残疾儿童。 拓展：(1)disable.使失去能力：使残疾 Though the illness disabled him,Shi Tiesheng still kept on writing. 尽管疾病使他残疾，史铁生仍然坚持写作。 (2)disability m.(身体或智力上的)缺陷；残疾 The physical disability is never an excuse for me to stop fighting. 身体上的缺陷从不是我停止战斗的借口。 小试牛刀 :(1)I once wanted to help a man cross the road,but he refused. 我曾经想帮助一个残疾的男人过马路，但他拒绝了。 :(2)His will never stop him from making his dreams come true. 他的残疾永远不会阻挡他实现梦想的步伐。 4.offer.(=be willing to do sth.for sb.or to give sth.tosb.)主动提出；自愿给予 搭配：(1)offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 Mr Li offered to help me with my Maths for free..李老师主动提出免费给我补数学。 (2)offer sb.sth.为某人提供某物 The company has offered Mr White a big house with a big garden. 公司给怀特先生提供了一套带大花园的大房子。 辨析：provide和offer (1)provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种 责任，强调提供必需或有用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb.with sth.和 0》34 宝典训综英语·八年级·下册（牛津版】 provide sth.for sb.的固定搭配中。如： We are here to provide a service for the public.=We are here to provide the public with a service. 我们来这里是为公众服务的。 (2)offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb.sth.和offer sth.tosb.的固定搭配中。如： offer help to sb.主动提出帮助某人offer sb.a good salary给某人不错的薪水 The waiter offered me a glass of lemonade.The waiter offered a glass of lemonade to me. 服务员端给我一杯柠檬汁。 小试牛刀 (1)If I had him some useful advice,he wouldn't have made such a decision. 如果我给他提一些有用的建议，他就不会做出那样的决定了。 :(2)Although I offer my students,they still find it hard to communicate with their parents..尽管我主动帮助我的学生，但他们还是觉得跟父母难以沟通。 5.express以.表达；表露 Sometimes speaking is not the only way for us to express what's on our mind. 有时言语并不是唯一能表达我们所思所想的方式。 同根词：expression n.表现；表示；表达；表情 You can know about a person's feelings by observing his expressions. 你可以通过观察一个人的表情来了解他的感受」 小试牛刀 :(1)Facial · are very important in communication. 脸部表情在沟通环节里是很重要的。 :(2)Words can never how much I love you,my dear motherland. 我亲爱的祖国，言语永远无法表达我有多爱你。 6.friendship n.友情；友谊 Friendship is one of the most important things in my life.友谊是我生命中最重要的东西之一。 同根词：(1)friend n.朋友复数：friends A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 (2)friendly ad.友好的比较级：friendlier最高级：friendliest Joyce is always friendly to the children.乔伊斯总是对孩子们很友好。 小试件刀 :(1)True never fades away.真正的友谊永不消逝。 (2)If you are to the people around you,you will get a lot of 如果你对周围的人很友好，你会有很多朋友。 (3)It is so lucky to make with you.跟你做朋友真幸运。 ●>4● Unit 1 Helping those in need 7.difficulty.(=trouble)困难；费劲（复数：difficulties) DLisa sometimes has difficulty in understanding what the teacher says. 莉萨有时难以理解老师说的话。 ②The difficulties I have had makes me stronger..我所受的苦难使我更坚强。 同根词：difficult adj.(=hard to do)困难的 It is difficult to get rid of bad habits.要戒掉坏习惯很难。 搭配：have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难 in dif价iculty/difficulties处境困难 DMy parents once had difficulty in understanding what was on my mind. 我的父母曾经难以理解我的想法。 2When our army were in difficulties,many local farmers helped us and gave us food and water. 当我们的军队人员处于困境之中时，许多当地农民帮助我们并给我们食物和水。 小试牛刀 :(1)A tall man carried the box without 一个高大的男人毫不费力地扛起了那个箱子。 :(2)It is getting more and more to get 100 marks in exams. 考试要拿一百分越来越难了。 8.joyn.(=a feeling of great happiness)愉快；喜悦 DMany pieces of good news about our younger brother always brought us joy and fun. 许多则关于我们弟弟的好消息给我们带来了喜悦和乐趣。 ②Hearing the news,Joyce jumped with joy.听到这消息，乔伊斯高兴得跳起来。 同根词：joyful adj.快乐的：高兴的：令人开心的：使人喜悦的 All I wish is that you can have a joyful life forever..我只希望你可以永远开心。 搭配：to one's joy令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是feel/experience joy感到欢乐 To his joy,his teacher told the class there was no homework today. 让他高兴的是，老师跟全班说今天没有作业。 小试牛刀 :(1)To her her son won the first prize in the game. 让她高兴的是，她的儿子在比赛中赢得了第一名。 (2)I felt because I had a big meal with my family on my birthday. 因为生日那天和家人吃了一顿大餐，所以我很开心。 9.hurt.(=injure)(使)疼痛；受伤（过去式和过去分词都是hurt) The person who can hurt you most is the one you love most. 只有你爱得最深的人才能伤你最深。 搭配：hurt oneself受伤 Tom seriously hurt himself while trying to escape from the police. 汤姆试图从警察手中逃脱时受了重伤。 0》54●… 宝典训综英语·八年级·下册（牛津版】 拓展：hurt adj.受伤的：痛苦的 They did not seem to be badly hurt..他们看起来没有受重伤。 小试牛刀 :(1)Do you realize you are yourself? 你有没有意识到你在伤害自己？ :(2)A tiger got out of the cage and was caught in the end,but luckily no one was 一只老虎挣脱牢笼最后被抓回去，但幸好没有伤着人。 10.pay以.付款；偿还 第三人称单数：pays过去式：paid过去分词：paid现在分词：paying ①No one will pay ten million pounds for such a house.设人会花一千万英镑买这么一个房子。 ②He paid off all the debts at one time.他一次还清了所有债务。 拓展：payn.工资；薪水 Her job is hard,but the pay is good..她工作虽辛苦，但薪水不低。 搭配：pay off偿清（债务） pay attention to注意 pay the money back还钱 pay a visit to去参观：拜访 pay for为…付款 辨析：spend,cost,take和pay 这四个词都可表示“花费”，区别如下： (1)spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： ①spend money on sth..在…上花费金钱 I spent I00 yuan on a new dress..我花100元买了一条新连衣裙。 ②)spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事 Daisy spent eight years(in)building this church. 黛西花了八年的时间来建这座教堂。 (2)cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下： sth.cost/costs(sb.)+金钱某物花了（某人）多少钱 My new house cost me two million dollars..我的新房子花了我两百万美元。 注意：cost的过去式和过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动语态。 (3)take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法如下： It takes/,took sb.+时间+to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间 It took him three years to make his dream come true. 他花了三年的时间实现他的梦想。 (4)pay的基本用法如下： pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买某物 You need to pay me2O0 yuan for the basketball.你买这个篮球要付我200元 小试牛刀 (1)t us four days to get there.我们花了四天的时间才到达那里。 (2)This coat my husband1,000yuan.这件大衣花了我丈夫l000元。 (3)My elder sister 8,O00 yuan for the new bag.我姐姐花了八千元买这个新包。 (4)I a week making a gift for my mother..我花了一个星期给我妈妈做了一件礼物。 ●》6● Unit 1 Helping those in need 课堂1⊙分钟 ●按要求写出相应的单词 1.raise (过去分词) 2.disability (形容词) 3.offer (过去式) 4.seriously (形容词) 5.illness (复数) 6.organization (动词) 7.express (第三人称单数) 8.difficult (名词) 9.joyful (名词) 10.pay (过去分词)】 ●用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.People should help the disable)because they are very poor. 2.Most teenager)are learning not to depend on their parents too much. 3.Mary is (organization)a party for the New Year. 4.You can do some voluntary work in these (community). 5.He invited me go)to the cinema with him. 6.He decided study)abroad and will set off next month. 7.I forgot bring)the book,but I will not tomorrow. 8.They put up the sign here remind)people not to smoke. 9.I would like him teach)me Chinese. 10.People require a lot of courage)when they are in trouble. 自根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一一词 1.世界上仍然有很多需要帮助的人，所以我们应该尽力去帮助别人。 There are still lots of people in the world,so we should try to help others. 2.如果你想要更多的钱，你必须报请批准。 If you want more money,you have to 3.他不开心，因为他受头痛的折磨已经两年了。 He is not happy because he the headache for two years. 4.我已经决定今年暑假在社区里做义务性工作 I've decided in the community this summer holiday. 5.Peter现在很沮丧，但我不知道如何让他振作起来。 Peter is very upset now,but I don't know how 6.为了让他忘记过去不好的回忆，我们准备搬家。 him forget the bad memories in the past,we are going to move. 7.当我上周和我的朋友们野餐的时候，我拍了很多照片。 When I had a pienic with my friends last week,I 8.尽管有时我感觉很累，但我会继续帮助独居的老人。 Although I sometimes feel very tired,I will the old who live alone. ●》7《●