内容正文:
沪教牛津版八下Unit 1 Helping those in need.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
单词速记方法
例句
1
raise /reɪz/ v. 筹募 p.1;v. 增加;提高 p.3
三单:raises;过去式/过去分词:raised
无
1. raise money(筹钱,如 raise money for charity)2. raise one’s hand(举手);raise voice(提高声音)
谐音记忆:“瑞兹”→ 联想“瑞兹为公益筹钱,举手发言时提高声音”
1. We raise money for disabled children every year.(我们每年为残疾儿童筹钱。)2. She raises her voice to make sure everyone hears.(她提高声音确保所有人都听见。)
2
permission /pəˈmɪʃn/ n. 准许;批准 p.1
无(不可数名词,无复数)
permit /pəˈmɪt/ v. 允许;/ˈpɜːmɪt/ n. 许可证
1. ask permission(报请批准,如 ask permission to leave)2. get permission(获得批准,如 get permission from parents)
派生记忆:permit(v. 允许)去“t”加“sion”→ permission(n. 批准)
1. You must ask permission before using the classroom.(使用教室前你必须报请批准。)派生词例句:My mom doesn’t permit me to watch TV late.(妈妈不允许我看太晚电视。)
3
disabled /dɪsˈeɪbld/ adj. 丧失能力的;有残疾的 p.2
无(表属性,无比较级/最高级)
disable /dɪsˈeɪbl/ v. 使残疾;disability /ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/ n. 残疾
1. disabled people(残疾人,如 help disabled people)2. disabled children(残疾儿童)
派生记忆:disable(v. 使残疾)+ “d”→ disabled(adj. 残疾的)
1. We should help disabled people with their daily life.(我们应该帮助残疾人解决日常生活问题。)派生词例句:An accident disabled him when he was young.(年轻时一场事故使他残疾了。)
4
teenager /ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)/ n. 青少年 p.3
复数:teenagers
无
1. young teenagers(年轻青少年,如 13-15-year-old teenagers)2. teenager life(青少年生活,如 talk about teenager life)
谐音记忆:“提内杰”→ 联想“提内杰是个爱运动的青少年”
1. Most teenagers like playing video games in their free time.(大多数青少年空闲时喜欢玩电子游戏。)2. We had a discussion about teenager health in class.(我们在课堂上讨论了青少年健康。)
5
offer /ˈɒfə(r)/ v. 主动提出 p.3
三单:offers;过去式/过去分词:offered
offer /ˈɒfə(r)/ n. 提议;提供
1. offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事,如 offer to carry bags)2. offer help(提供帮助,如 offer help to others)
谐音记忆:“奥弗”→ 联想“奥弗看到老人提重物,主动提出帮忙”
1. He offers to clean the classroom after school.(他主动提出放学后打扫教室。)派生词例句:I accepted her offer of sharing the umbrella.(我接受了她共用雨伞的提议。)
6
suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ v. (因疾病等) 受苦;受折磨 p.3
三单:suffers;过去式/过去分词:suffered;现在分词:suffering
suffering /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/ n. 痛苦;adj. 受苦的
1. suffer from(因……受苦,如 suffer from a cold;suffer from illness)2. suffer pain(受疼痛折磨,如 suffer great pain)
划音节记忆:suf-fer /ˈsʌ-fə/→ 联想“‘受’苦就是 suffer,折磨来自病痛”
1. She suffers from a serious heart illness.(她受严重心脏病折磨。)派生词例句:His suffering from hunger made us sad.(他受饥饿折磨,让我们很难过。)
7
serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严重的 p.3
比较级:more serious;最高级:most serious
seriously /ˈsɪəriəsli/ adv. 严重地;认真地
1. serious illness(严重的疾病,如 a serious stomach illness)2. be serious about(认真对待,如 be serious about study)
谐音记忆:“西瑞斯”→ 联想“西瑞斯对待学习很认真,生病时病情很严重”
1. The doctor said his condition is not serious.(医生说他的病情不严重。)派生词例句:You must take this exam seriously.(你必须认真对待这次考试。)
8
illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. (某种) 病 p.3
复数:illnesses
ill /ɪl/ adj. 生病的
1. have an illness(生病,如 have a long illness)2. serious illness(严重的疾病,如 fight a serious illness)
派生记忆:ill(adj. 生病的)+ “ness”→ illness(n. 疾病)
1. Her illness kept her away from school for two weeks.(她的病让她两周没上学。)派生词例句:He is ill and needs to stay in bed.(他生病了,需要卧床休息。)
9
organize /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ v. 组织;筹备 p.3
三单:organizes;过去式/过去分词:organized;现在分词:organizing
organization /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 组织
1. organize an activity(组织活动,如 organize a charity activity)2. organize a party(筹备派对,如 organize a birthday party)
谐音记忆:“奥根奈兹”→ 联想“奥根奈兹每年组织公益活动”
1. We organize a book sale to raise money for poor students.(我们组织图书义卖,为贫困学生筹钱。)派生词例句:This is a non-profit organization for children.(这是一个儿童非营利组织。)
10
express /ɪkˈspres/ v. 表达;表露 p.3
三单:expresses;过去式/过去分词:expressed
expression /ɪkˈspreʃn/ n. 表达;表情
1. express one’s feelings(表达感受,如 express happiness)2. express thanks(表达感谢,如 express thanks to parents)
划音节记忆:ex-press /ɪk-ˈspres/→ 联想“‘表’达就是把想法‘说’(press)出来”
1. She expresses her love to her mom with a hug.(她用拥抱向妈妈表达爱。)派生词例句:His happy expression made everyone smile.(他开心的表情让所有人都笑了。)
11
pain /peɪn/ n. 痛苦;苦恼 p.3
不可数(表“痛苦”);可数(表“疼痛点”,复数 pains)
painful /ˈpeɪnfl/ adj. 痛苦的;疼痛的
1. in pain(痛苦中,如 cry in pain)2. physical pain(身体疼痛,如 back pain)
谐音记忆:“佩因”→ 联想“佩因摔倒后疼得大叫,满脸痛苦”
1. He held his leg and cried in pain after falling.(摔倒后他抱着腿,疼得大叫。)派生词例句:The wound on his arm is still painful.(他胳膊上的伤口还很疼。)
12
lonely /ˈləʊnli/ adj. 孤独的;寂寞的 p.3
比较级:lonelier;最高级:loneliest
alone /əˈləʊn/ adj. 独自的;adv. 独自
1. feel lonely(感到孤独,如 feel lonely at night)2. lonely old people(孤独的老人,如 help lonely old people)
对比记忆:alone(客观“独自”,如 live alone)vs lonely(主观“孤独”,如 feel lonely)
1. The old man feels lonely because his children work in other cities.(老人因为孩子在外地工作而感到孤独。)派生词例句:She lives alone but has many friends, so she never feels lonely.(她独自生活,但有很多朋友,所以从不孤独。)
13
friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/ n. 友情;友谊 p.3
不可数(泛指“友情”);可数(表“一段友情”,复数 friendships)
friend /frend/ n. 朋友;friendly /ˈfrendli/ adj. 友好的
1. valuable friendship(珍贵的友情,如 cherish valuable friendship)2. develop friendship(发展友情,如 develop friendship with classmates)
合成记忆:friend(朋友)+ ship(船)→ “朋友的‘船’= 友情”(寓意“友情之船”)
1. We have kept our friendship for over 5 years.(我们的友情已经维持了5年多。)派生词例句:My friend is friendly to everyone in our class.(我的朋友对班里每个人都很友好。)
14
difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ n. 困难;费劲 p.3
复数:difficulties(表“多个困难”)
difficult /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/ adj. 困难的
1. have difficulty (in) doing sth.(做某事有困难,如 have difficulty learning English)2. overcome difficulties(克服困难,如 overcome study difficulties)
派生记忆:difficult(adj. 困难的)去“y”变“i”加“ty”→ difficulty(n. 困难)
1. He has difficulty in solving math problems.(他解数学题有困难。)派生词例句:This English test is difficult for most students.(这次英语考试对大多数学生来说很难。)
15
joy /dʒɔɪ/ n. 愉快;喜悦 p.3
不可数(泛指“喜悦”);可数(表“乐事”,复数 joys)
joyful /ˈdʒɔɪfl/ adj. 快乐的;愉快的
1. fill with joy(充满喜悦,如 eyes filled with joy)2. the joy of success(成功的喜悦,如 experience the joy of success)
谐音记忆:“乔伊”→ 联想“乔伊收到礼物时,眼里充满喜悦”
1. She jumped with joy when she heard the good news.(听到好消息时,她高兴得跳了起来。)派生词例句:We had a joyful time at the Christmas party.(我们在圣诞派对上度过了愉快的时光。)
16
peace /piːs/ n. 平静;宁静 p.3
无(不可数名词)
peaceful /ˈpiːsfl/ adj. 平静的;安宁的
1. peace of mind(内心平静,如 find peace of mind)2. world peace(世界和平,如 hope for world peace)
谐音记忆:“皮斯”→ 联想“皮斯喜欢在公园散步,寻找内心平静”
1. Listening to soft music helps me find peace of mind.(听轻音乐帮我找到内心平静。)派生词例句:We live in a peaceful small town.(我们住在一个宁静的小镇。)
17
hurt /hɜːt/ v. (hurt, hurt) (使) 疼痛;受伤 p.3
三单:hurts;过去式/过去分词:hurt(不规则变化);现在分词:hurting
hurt /hɜːt/ adj. 受伤的
1. hurt one’s body(伤身体,如 hurt one’s leg)2. get hurt(受伤,如 get hurt in an accident)
联想记忆:“hurt 过去式还是 hurt”→ 记“受伤(hurt)后,状态不变”
1. He hurt his knee while playing football.(他踢足球时伤了膝盖。)派生词例句:The hurt cat was taken to the animal hospital.(这只受伤的猫被送到了动物医院。)
18
courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. 勇气;勇敢 p.3
无(不可数名词)
courageous /kəˈreɪdʒəs/ adj. 勇敢的
1. have the courage to do sth.(有勇气做某事,如 have the courage to speak)2. show courage(表现出勇气,如 show courage in danger)
谐音记忆:“科瑞奇”→ 联想“科瑞奇在危险中表现出勇气”
1. She has the courage to speak in front of hundreds of people.(她有勇气在几百人面前讲话。)派生词例句:He made a courageous decision to save the child.(他做出了勇敢的决定去救那个孩子。)
19
spirits /ˈspɪrɪts/ n. [pl.] 情绪;心境 p.3
复数形式(单数 spirit /ˈspɪrɪt/ n. 精神)
spirit /ˈspɪrɪt/ n. 精神;心灵
1. raise one’s spirits(使振奋;使鼓起勇气,如 raise her spirits)2. in high spirits(情绪高涨,如 be in high spirits)
联想记忆:“spirits 是 spirit 的复数”→ “情绪(spirits)是精神(spirit)的外在表现”
1. A funny story raised my spirits when I was sad.(难过时,一个滑稽的故事让我振奋起来。)派生词例句:He has a strong spirit to never give up.(他有永不放弃的坚强精神。)
20
pay /peɪ/ v. (paid, paid) 付费 p.6
三单:pays;过去式/过去分词:paid(不规则变化)
payment /ˈpeɪmənt/ n. 付款;支付
1. pay for(为……付款,如 pay for books)2. pay money(付钱,如 pay 10 yuan for a pen)
联想记忆:“pay 过去式是 paid”→ 记“付款(pay)后,钱‘付(paid)’出去了”
1. I need to pay 50 yuan for this dictionary.(我需要为这本词典付50元。)派生词例句:The payment for the house is due next month.(房子的付款下个月到期。)
21
community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. 社区 p.6
复数:communities(变“y”为“i”加“es”)
无
1. local community(当地社区,如 help local community)2. community service(社区服务,如 take part in community service)
划音节记忆:com-mu-ni-ty /kə-ˈmjuː-ni-ti/→ 联想“‘社区’就是大家共同(com-)生活的地方”
1. Our local community often helps people in need.(我们当地社区经常帮助有需要的人。)2. Students should take part in community service on weekends.(学生周末应该参加社区服务。)
22
in need 需要帮助的 p.1
无(短语无词形变化,常作后置定语)
无
1. people in need(有需要的人,如 help people in need)2. those in need(那些有需要的人,如 donate to those in need)
直译记忆:“in need”=“在需要中”→ “在需要中的人=需要帮助的人”
1. We donate clothes and books to people in need every winter.(每年冬天我们给有需要的人捐赠衣服和书。)2. She spends her free time caring for those in need.(她用空闲时间照顾那些有需要的人。)
23
voluntary work 义务性工作 p.1
无(短语无词形变化)
voluntary /ˈvɒləntri/ adj. 自愿的;义务的
1. do voluntary work(做义务工作,如 do voluntary work in hospital)2. take part in voluntary work(参加义务工作)
合成记忆:voluntary(义务的)+ work(工作)→ “义务性质的工作=义务性工作”
1. He does voluntary work in an old people’s home every Sunday.(他每周日在养老院做义务工作。)2. Taking part in voluntary work teaches us to help others.(参加义务工作教会我们帮助别人。)
24
ask permission 报请批准 p.1
无(短语无词形变化)
无
1. ask permission to do sth.(报请批准做某事,如 ask permission to leave early)2. ask sb. for permission(向某人报请批准,如 ask teacher for permission)
合成记忆:ask(请求)+ permission(批准)→ “请求批准=报请批准”
1. You must ask permission to use the school’s computer room.(使用学校电脑室前你必须报请批准。)2. She asked her parents for permission to go to the party.(她向父母报请批准去参加派对。)
25
suffer from 因……受苦;受折磨 p.3
无(短语无词形变化,suffer 随主语变化)
无
1. suffer from illness(因病受苦,如 suffer from a fever)2. suffer from pain(受疼痛折磨,如 suffer from headache)
拆分记忆:suffer(受苦)+ from(来自)→ “受苦来自于……=因……受苦”
1. Many people suffer from allergies in spring.(很多人在春天受过敏折磨。)2. My grandfather suffers from back pain every winter.(爷爷每年冬天都受背痛折磨。)
26
raise one’s spirits 使振奋;使鼓起勇气 p.3
无(短语无词形变化,one’s 替换为形容词性物主代词)
无
1. raise sb.’s spirits(使某人振奋,如 raise his spirits)2. sth. raises one’s spirits(某物使某人振奋,如 music raises spirits)
合成记忆:raise(提高)+ one’s spirits(情绪)→ “提高情绪=使振奋”
1. Her encouraging words raised my spirits before the exam.(考试前她鼓励的话让我鼓起了勇气。)2. Watching funny videos raises my spirits when I’m tired.(累的时候看滑稽视频能让我振奋。)
27
in order to 目的在于;为了 p.12
无(短语无词形变化,后接动词原形)
无
1. in order to do sth.(为了做某事,如 in order to get good grades)2. 表目的:in order to + 动词原形(= to do sth.)
直译记忆:“in order to”=“为了”→ “为了达成目的而做某事”
1. She studies hard in order to get into a good high school.(她努力学习是为了考上好高中。)2. We get up early in order to catch the first bus.(我们早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。)
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