第2章 名词-2024-2025学年初中英语语法表解大全

第一部分 第二章名词 5⊙ 第二章名词 名词的分类 类别 意义 示 例 表示人名或头衔的专有名词 Albert Einstein阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 表示团体、机构或报刊的专有 the United Nations联合国 Project Hope希望工程 专 名词 The New York Times《纽约时报》 People's Daily《人民日报》 有 表示星期、月份和节日的专有 Sunday星期天 October十月 the Spring Festival春节 名词 Thanksgiving Day感恩节 Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节 词 表示国名、地名、山河名的专 有名词 China中国 London伦敦 the Changjiang River长江 由普通名词构成的专有名词 the Great Wall长城 the Summer Palace颠和园 可 个体表示单个人或事物 teacher老师 student学生 farmer农民 doctor医生 数 名词的名词 pandaf熊猫 computer电脑 desk课桌 school学校 名 集体表示若干人或事物 family家庭 class班级 amy军队 team团队 普 名词的名词 cattle牛 people人民 police警察 物质 表示无法分成个体air空气 water水 mi认牛奶 tea茶 名 不 的物质、材料的名ire火 rain雨 wood木材 paper纸 可 名词 词 mcat肉 food食物 数 名 表示性质、状态、 抽象 music音乐 youth青春 health健康 work工作 词 名词 行为、情感、心理 love爱 friendship友谊 cold寒怜 weather天气 等抽象概念的名词 silence?安静 courage勇气 honesty诚实 wealth财富 Ⅱ 名词的句法功能 作用 示 例 作主语 China is a country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 作表语 The boy's father is a doctor,那男孩的父亲是位医生。 作宾语 Welcome to our school for a visit.欢迎到我们学校来参观。 作宾语 补足语 Our school named our class Lei Feng Class.我们学校命名我们班为雷锋班。 作主语 补足语 Li Ming is chosen monitor of our class.李明被推选为我们班的班长。 作定语 Our teachers'office is on the third floor.我们老师的办公室在三楼。 作同位语 Mr Smith,.our English teacher,is strict with us..我们的英语老师史密斯先生对我们要求严。 作称呼语 Children,hurry up or we will be late..孩子们，快点儿！不然我们要迟到了。 作状语 The meeting lasted two hours,会议持续了两个小时。 初中英语词汇语法表解大全 Ⅲ 可数名词变复数 类别 情 况 示 例 在清辅音后读[ map→maps地图 desk→desks书桌 book→books-书 1.一般 在词 在浊辅音和元音后读[乙] carcars小汽车 idea→ideas主意 apple→apples苹果 尾 在t后与t一起读[s] parentparents父母 student→students学生 +s; 在d后与d一起读[dz] card+cards卡片 word→words单词 hand→hands手 2.以-s/-x/-ch/-sh/-z结尾+es;读bus→buses公共汽车 box+boxes盒子 [z] watch-→watches手表 brush→brushes刷子 3.以-ce/se/-ze/-ge/-dge等结尾licence-→licences执照 horse-→horses马 prize-prizes奖品 的词+s;读[z orange→oranges橘子 judge-→judges?法官 4.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为 baby→babies婴儿 family→families家庭 i再+es;读[z company+companies公司 library→libraries图书馆 5.以元音字母+y结尾的词，直接 boy→boys男孩 monkey-→nonkeys猴子 +s;读[z toy→toys玩具 holiday-→holidays假期 规 leaf→leavest树叶 half→halves-一半 self+selves自己 则 wife→wives妻子 knife→knives小刀shelf→shelves架子 6.以-f(e)结尾的词，变f,fe为 变 wolf+wolves狼 thief→thieves/小偷life→lives生命 v再+es;读[vz 化 ★口诀：树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮； 架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃金忙。 gulf→gulfsi海湾 roof-→+roofs屋顶 chief-→chiefs首领 7.以-结尾的词，在遵循一般规sCrf+serfs奴隶 beliefbeliefs信仰 proof-proofsi证据 则的同时，也有一些例外情 handkerchief→handkerchiefs手帕 况，直接+s ★口决：海渣边、屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望： 谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。 以“辅音字母+0”结 negro-→negroes黑人hero-→heroes英雄 8.以0尾的名词，有生命的 potato-potatoes.士豆tomato一→tomatoes西红柿 结尾 ★口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿。 +es,无生命的+s 的名 piano-pianos钢琴 photo-photos.照片 词 以“元音字母+o”结尾radio-→radios收音机 studio→studios录音室 的名词多+s；读[☑ z00→z00s动物园 video-→videos录像带 ★口诀：名词单数变复数，直接加-s占多数；s,x,z,ch,sh来结尾，直接加上-es; 词尾是f或fe,加s之前先变ve;辅母+y在词尾，把y变i再加-es。 第一部分第二章名词 续表 类别 情况 示 例 fish鱼 sheep羊 deer鹿 1.单复数同形的情况 means方法 series系列 species种类 man→men男人 woman-women女人 goose-*geesef鹅 foot+feet脚 tooth→teeth牙齿 2.改换或增加字母 mouse→mice老鼠 louse-→lice虱子child-→children儿童 ★口决：男人女人a变c,鹅足牙oo变ee;老鼠虱子也好记， ous变ic;孩子加上ren,鱼鹿绵羊不用变。 Chinese→Chinese中国人 Japanese-→Japanese日本人 Englishman-→Englishmen:英国人Frenchman-→Frenchmen法国人 不 3.“某国人”的复数形式 American→Americans美国人 German→Germans德国人 则变化 ★口决：中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面。 4.复数形式表示单数概念 maths数学 politics政治 physics物理 5.有些表示两个或多个部分组成 trousers裤子→a pair of trousers一条裤子 一个整体的名词一般总是以复glasses眼镜→wo pairs of glassesi两刷眼镜 数形式出现，可以用a pair of,,shoes鞋+a pair of shoes-一双鞋 two pairs of等修饰 shorts短裤→a pair of shorts-一条短裤 6.以两个名词构成的复合名词man doctor→nen doctors男医生 (前面的名词为man或woman woman driver→women drivers女司机 除外)，一般把后面的名词boy student一boy students男同学 变复数。 bus driver-→bus drivers公共汽车司机 N 不可数名词的用法 用法 示 例 a glass of water-一杯水→two glasses of water两杯水 1.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，说明其 数量时，要用有关计量名词 a piece of paper-一张纸→two pieces of paperi两张纸 a cup of tea-一杯茶→wo cups of tea两杯茶 2.不可数名词可用much/a little/a bit of等 a little sugar-一点儿糖 a bit of water-一点儿水 单词和短语来修饰 have much money有许多钱 wood木头→+woods树林 sand沙子→sands沙滩 3.一些不可数名词变为复数时，其词义 发生变化 time时间一+times次数 paper纸一papersi试卷 work工作→works著作，工 4.不可数名词特指时可与定冠词the连用 The chicken on the plate is yours..盘子里的鸡肉是你的。 初中英语词汇语法表解大全 V名词所有格 类别 情况 示 例 ,一般在词尾+'s Tom's book汤姆的书Mark's room马克的房间Children'sDay儿童节 2.以s或cs结尾+“” the students'books学生们的书 the two girls'toys两位女孩的玩具 有 Mr Jones'son琼斯先生的儿子 the patients'opinion病人们的意见 生 3.在表示店铺或某人家的 命 my aunt's我阿姨家 the doctor's诊所 的 名词后+s 名 his mother-in-law's glasses他岳母的眼镜 词 4.合成词在最后+'s that woman doctor'sson那位女医生的儿子 所 有 5.多者共有在最后+'s: Tom and Mike's room汤姆和迈克的房间（两人共有一间房） 格 各自拥有，分别+'s Tom's and Mike's rooms汤姆的房间和迈克的房间（各自拥有一间房） ★口决：名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，若为生命词，后面('s),词尾有s,后面仅仅()； 并列名词后，各自和共有，前者分别加，后者最后加；若为无生命，0来表示。 无生 命的 在时间、距离、以及世today's newspaper今天的报纸 名词 界、国家、城镇等无生命 ★ten minutes'walk=aten-minute walk十分钟的路程 所有 的名词后+'s China's population中国的人口 格 of所 the end of the story故事的结尾 the top of the tower塔顶 表所属关系 有格 the name of the mountainl山的名字 the legs of the table桌腿 “of什·'s所有格/名词性物 a friend of mine我的一个朋友 双 some books of Jack's杰克的几本书 重 主代词”构成双重所有格 that uncle of Jim's吉姆的那个叔叔3 photos of hers她的三张照片 所 of前的名词是picture,photo This is a photo of my father..这是我爸爸（本人）的一张照片。 有 等时，用o所有格和双重所 This is a photo of my father's.这是我爸爸（拥有）的一张照片。 格 有格表达的意义不同 (双重所有格强调我爸爸拥有很多照片，这是其中之一) Ⅵ名词的修饰语 用法 示 例 few很少几个；几乎没有afew有几个 several有几个 many很多 只修饰可数名词 a great/good many很多 a number of若千 numbers of很多 1itle很少；几乎没有 a little有一点 a bit of有一点 much很多 只修饰不可数名词 a good/great deal of很多 a large/small amount of大量的/少量的 既修饰可数名词又修 some一些 a lot of很多 lots of很多 饰不可数名词 plenty of大量的 most大多数的 the rest of剩下的 第一部分第二章名词 常见名词用法辨析 辨析 示 例 (1)Her clothes were made by her mother. clothes,cloth,clothing 她的衣服是她母亲做的。 clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是 复数 (2)The cloth is produced in that factory. 布料是那家工厂生产的。 cloth指布，为不可数名词 (3)They were all in their spring clothing. clothing是服装的总称 他们都穿着春天的衣服。 work,job (1)He is now out of work.他现在失业了。 wok指无差别的人类劳动，不可数 job指具体某一项工作，可数 (2)I find a good job.我找到一份好工作。 weather,climate (1)The weather is fine today.今天天气很好。 weather指一天内具体的天气状况 (2)The climate here is not good for you..这里的气候对你不好。 climate指长期的气候状况 advice,suggestion advice作名词表“建议、意见”时，是 (1)a piece of advice-一条建议 不可数名词 (2)some advice-一些建议 suggestion作名词表“建议、意见”时， （3)a suggestion-一条建议 是可数名词 (4)s0 me suggestions-一些建议 sound,voice,noise,accent (1)Sound travels more slowly than light.声音比光传播得慢。 sound指自然界各种各样的声音 (2)Don't speak in such a high yoice,说话声音不要这么大。 voice指人的嗓音 noise指噪音 (3)I hate the loud noise outside..我讨厌外面的吵闹声。 (4)He speaks with an Irish accent..他说话带有爱尔兰口音。 accent指口音 (1 The problem is difficult to be solved. problem,question 这个问题很难解决。 problem指急需解决的疑难问题、社 (2)Can you solve this maths problem? 会问题以及数学上的难题，一般与do 你能算出这道数学题吗？ with,deal with,sove连用 (3)He asked a lot of questions in class. question指需要得到回答或解释的问 他在课堂上问了许多问题。 题，一般和answer,ask连用 (4)You haven't answered my question. 你还没有回答我的问题。 family,home,house (1)I have a big family. family指的是家庭、一家人或全体家庭 我有一个大家庭。 成员 (2)He went home after work. home指人们成长、长期居住或组建家 他下班后回家了。 庭的地方或房子，带有感情色彩 (3)My house is very beautiful. house指家人居住的房屋 我家的房子很漂亮。 初中英语词汇语法表解大全 中考考点一词义辨析 8(2024福建)It is a good to 1（2024宿迁)After a month's efforts, do some reading before you go to bed the girl made much in Maths. every day. A.habit B.excuse A.problem B.project C.result C.pollution D.progress 9(2024乐山)-World Sleep Day falls 2（2024镇江)Helen keeps English on March 21st.Do you think sleep is diaries every day as a to important? develop her writing skills. -I think so.Sleeping well can give A.habit B.present you enough C.victory D.dream A.courage B.energy 3(2024菏泽)一My holiday was C.reason terrible because of the heavy 10(2024福建)一Il1 ike the in -I agree!There were too many cars that restaurant near our school. on the road. -Me,too.They have the best cooks in A.rain B.work our town. C.traffic A.food B.service 4(2024绥化)For your own C.environment please do not smoke inside the plane. l1(2024牡丹江)You can have a better A.seat B.safety understanding of Chinese by C.score learning about Chinese clay art. 5(2024天津)Don't speak loudly on the A.dream B.courage bus.You should keep your C.culture I2(2024长春)My birthday down. A.body B.voice a toy panda.It's from my grandma. A.trip B.month C.interest D.service C.gift D.color 6(2024武汉)-Have you set a 13（2024安微)一Art serves as a on your new phone? between different nations. -Certainly.I have to protect my -Yes.It really helps cross-cultural personal information. communication. A.date B.lock A.river B.wall C.wallpaper D.language C.palace D.bridge 7(2024齐齐哈尔)一The movie is 14(2024扬州)一Do you know why popular with students.Do you know zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18? the 2 -They have like small size -It tells the real life of the students. and short development cycle. A.result B.reason A.stages B.advantages C.choice C.messages D.passages 第一部分 第二章名词 15(2023宿迁)一The girl's beautiful -OK.Here you are. pronunciation caught our in A.rice B.bread yesterday's English speech competition. C.water D.chicken -Yes,many students couldn't help 23(2023天水)Put first and cheering for her. be careful while riding on the road! A.condition B.attention A.interest B.money C.invention D.position C.knowledge D.safety 16(2023抚顺)I wish you to have good 24(2023牡丹江)A1 though our school and get good grades. life is a little busy,it is full of A.chalk B.space A.pain B.sadness C.luck D.music 17(2023长春)John Smith often looks C.laughter 25(2023辽宁)Thanks to the teacher's through the news about to know what's on in the cinema. help,I solved all the easily. A.films B.music A.chances B.problems C.books D.weather C.habits D.grades 18 2023)People all over the world 26(2023遂宁)一Which movie would love pandas,and the panda has become you like to watch,Tracy? a of China. -Um...it's hard to make a A.festival B.poem A.survey B.choice C.guest D.symbol C.call D.wish 19(2023沈阳)Betty is crazy about 27(2023鄂州)-Tom always reads for music.Her dream is to be a an hour every day. A.scientist B.painter -That's a good C.musician D.writer A.habit B.dream 20(2023武汉)一Peter was picked out C.time D.wish to be on the school volleyball team. 28(2023齐齐哈尔)Chinese scientists -His height gives him a big have made great in space A.situation B.challenge C.achievement D.advantage technology recently. 21(2023安徽)The proper A.information B.progress of your spare time will make your life C.knowledge colorful 29(2023孝感)Can you give me some A.date B.use on learning English well? C.name D.cause -Sure.Watching English programs is 22(2023江西)一Kevin,could you pass a good way. me some It's so hot today. A.news B.advice I'm really thirsty. C.decisions D.messages 初中英语词汇语法表解大全 30(2023乐山)-Have you heard about 37(2022徐州)From my on the car near the school? the top of the TV tower,I can have a -Yes.Luckily,no one was seriously perfect view of our city. hurt. A.tradition B.condition A.accident B.park C.position D.situation C.club 38(2022雅安)一What's the matter, 31（2023广西)My mother is a Dad? in Zhongshan Hospital.She has saved -I have a I have to see a many people's lives. dentist. A.singer B.doctor A.fever B.headache C.writer C.toothache D.stomachache 32（2023福建)一How is the 39(2022湖北）Breakfast gives you today? for the morning. -It's hot.You don't need to wear the A.wealth B.talent coat. C.humor D.energy A.weather B.traffic 40(2022铜仁)-“One tree can't make C.price a forest"is a famous saying. 33(2023十堰)-How did you fix up -Sure.It tells us the importance of the machine,Dad? A.teamwork B.knowledge -It's easy.I just followed the C.friendship D.housework A.instructions B.inventions 41（2022福建)一Betty,you'd better C.interviews D.influences follow the doctor's and do 34(2022湘西)I'm not hungry at all more exercise. because I just ate much -I will.Thank you. A.apples B.bananas A.advice B.agreement C.bread C.information 35(2022悟州)Doing sports for an hour 42(2022岳阳)So many young people every day is a good to relax regard as the most delicious yourself. drink. A.way B.level A.salad B.porridge C.result D.answer C.milk shake 36(2022镇江)Listening to music and 43(2022天津)Most parents think it is watching films are both relaxing forms a good to take a school bus of. because it's quite safe. A.achievement B.agreement A.risk B.choice C.development D.entertainment C.game D.pity 第一部分 第二章名词 44(2022扬州)We youths do our best 中考考点口名词单复数 for our dreams and together a small 50(2023岳阳)Yueyang is one of the top success can give us a sense of 10 most beautiful in China A.achievement B.department this year. A.city B.cities C.treatment D.entertainment C.citys 45(2022云南)Miss Li has1 ots of 51(2022益阳)Look!There are some teaching She has her eating grass on the hill. own ways to make classes lively and A.sheep B.cow C.horse interesting. 52(2022邵阳) -Would you like some A.exercise B.excitement 9 C.experience D.environment -Yes,madam. 46(2022安徽)-I do morning exercises A.egg B.juice every day.It works my whole body. C.milk teas 53(2020湘西)Annie took a1otof -It's a good habit.It helps you keep with her mobile phone when in good she visited the Great Wall last summer A.time B.touch holiday. C.health D.silence A.photo B.photoes 47(2022连云港)The hat is not the right C.photos 54(2020黑龙江)Would you please give for me.I'd like a smaller me some on how to learn one. English well? A.size B.style A.advices B.suggestion C.colour D.material C.advice 55(2020黔南州)About200 48(2022重庆)It's raining heavily. went to see the Asian Fashion Show Please take the last night. A.stone B.flower A.German B.Australian C.umbrella D.postcard C.Chinese D.American 49(2021武汉)The idiom(成语) 中考考点三名词所有格 "Mengzi's mother makes three moves" 56（2022绥化) father is a tells of a mother who did all she could to pilot.He has been to many countries around the world. provide the best for her child. A.Tony and Peter's A.experience B.instruction B.Tony's and Peter C.environment D.information C.Tony's and Peter's 初中英语词汇语法表解大全 57(2022重庆A)This year,.the family 中考考点四适当形式填空 went camping on Day,June 64(2023兰州)Please do some 1st. chore)in your free time. A.Child B.Child's 65(2023甘肃)Frank has more than500 C.Children D.Children's stamp). 58(2021重庆A)There are many 66(2022常德)Even the bottom was full of rubbish,and there were no more fish teachers in this primary school. for fisherman)to catch. A.woman B.woman's 67(2022永州)We Chinese should C.women D.women's be proud of our history,our written 59(2021铜仁)一You have a nice language,our invention house!Whose room is this? and our achievements. -It's 中考考点五名词（含短语）填空 A.Jack and Peter's 一、根据所给汉语意思填空 B.Jack's and Peter's 68(2023安徽)I've got into the C.Jack's and Peter (习惯)of reading Tang poems every D.Jack and Peter morning 60(2020大庆)Nobody thought it was 69(2023宁波)We help the farmers near easy to finish so much work in our school to pick (西红 A.two days'time B.two-days time 柿)every year. C.two day's time D.two days time 70(2023苏州)We offered to look after 61(2020内江)-Peter,.how far is it our (邻居的)dog when she was away. from your home to school? 71(2023苏州)Some of my -It's only five walk. (英雄)are real people,and some A.minute B.minutes are from stories. C.minute's D.minutes' 72(2023宁波)If Mike works hard, 62(2020天水)Lily is a friend of his (梦想)of being a A.Mary's mother's scientist will come true. B.Mary's mother's of 73(2023连云港)In today's DIY class, C.Mary mother's students made cards in different D.mother's of Mary （形状). 74(2023扬州)No matter how times 63(2019西藏)Walking along the river, change,the of Lei Feng will I met a friend of always be relevant.(精神) A.fathers B.father's 73（2023济宁)Printing is a great C.father D.fathers' (发明)of ancient China.参考答案 185 参考答案 第一章 十大词类和五种基本句型 83.pleasure 84.Sundays 强化训练题 85.journey 86.March 87.matter 88.order 1-5AABCD 6-10 BCDAA 89.key/keys 90.researchers 11-15 CBADA 16-20 CBDAB 91.height 92.east 21-26 CCDABC 93.February 94.gift 第二章名 词 三、根据汉语提示，填写单词或短语 中考考点一词义辨析 95.homework/schoolwork 96.last name/family name 1-5 DACBB 6-10 BBABA 11-15 CCDBB 97.private/personal information 16-20 CADCD 98.better future 21-25 BCDCB 26-30 BABBA 31-35 BAACA 36-40 DCCDA 第三章 冠 词 41-45 ACBAC 46-49 CACC 中考考点一不定冠词 1-5 BBBAB 6-10 ACCBA 中考考点二名词单复数 11-15 BAAAB 16-20 BABAC 50-55 BABCCC 21-25 BCACA 中考考点三名词所有格 中考考点二定冠词 56-60 ADCAA 61-63DAB 26-30 CCCCC 31-35 CACCC 中考考点四适当形式填空 中考考点三零冠词 64.chores 65.stamps 36-37CD 66.fishermen 67.inventions 中考考点四冠词混合辨析 中考考点五名词（含短语）填空 38-40CAB 41-45 CCCBD 一、根据所给汉语意思填空 46-50 DACCA 51-52BC 68.habit 69.tomatoes 第四章数词 70.neighbor's/neighbour's 中考考点一基数词与序数词辨析 71.heroes 72.dream 1-5 CBCAA 6-10 DCAAC 73.shapes 74.spirit 11-15 ACBDD 16-21 DDCBAB 75.invention 76.concert 77.danger 78.Rules 中考考点二概数词、分数及其他 79.peace 80.control 22-25 CBBC 26-30 DBABC 81.trust 82.scissors 31-35 DCACB 36-38BAB 二、根据首字母提示填空