主语 系动词 表语 主系表结构-2025-2026学年中考英语句型全解（全国版）

初中全国版 【中考必备】A版句型全解 中考必备 【A版句型全解】主语+系动词+表语（主 系表结构) 初中·全国版·中考必备 基本结构 句型结构：主语+系动词+表语 主语是句子描述的主体（人、事物、抽象概念等），系动词(be动词/am/is/are/was/were等) 连接主语和表语，表语说明主语的性质、状态、特征或身份（名词、形容词、介词短语等）。 例句展示： He is a student.(他是一名学生) The flowers are beautiful.(这些花很漂亮) My favorite subject is English.(我最喜欢的科目是英语) The book is on the desk.(书在桌子上) 句型精讲（核心考法） 考法1：be动词的选用（中考基础考点) 判断规则+例句对比 规则1：主语是单数名词/不可数名词/第三人称单数代词(he/hel/it)→be动词用is/was 例句：The story is interesting.(单数名词作主语，一般现在时用is) 例句：He was late for school yesterday.(第三人称单数代词作主语，一般过去时用was) 规则2：主语是复数名词/第一人称代词I/第二人称代词you→be动词用are/were/am 例句：They are my good friends.(复数名词作主语，一般现在时用are) 例句：I am happy today.(第一人称I作主语，一般现在时用am) 例句：You were in the library just now.(第二人称代词作主语，一般过去时用were) 真题再现(2024全国版中考模拟题) 1 初中全国版 【中考必备】A版句型全解 The weather nice today. A.am B.is C.are D.be 答案：B 解析：主语the weather是不可数名词，视为单数，一般现在时用is 真题再现(2023河南中考) These books mine. A.is B.are C.am D.was 答案：B 解析：主语these books是复数名词，一般现在时用are 考法2：表语的构成形式（中考核心考点) 构成规则+例句展示 规则1：形容词作表语，说明主语的性质或状态 例句：She looks beautiful.(形容词beautiful作表语，描述主语she的特征) 例句：The soup tastes delicious.(形容词delicious作表语，描述主语the soup的味道) 规则2：名词（短语）作表语，说明主语的身份或类别 例句：My father is a doctor..(名词a doctor作表语，说明主语my father的职业) 例句：This is my new schoolbag.(名词短语my new schoolbag作表语，说明主语this的具体内容) 规则3：介词短语作表语，说明主语的位置或状态 例句：The keys are on the desk.(介词短语on the desk作表语，说明主语the keys的位置) 例句：le is in trouble.(介词短语in trouble作表语，说明主语he的状态) 真题再现(2024全国版中考真题) The flowers smell 2 初中全国版 【中考必备】A版句型全解 A.happily B.well C.sweet D.beautifully 答案：C 解析：smell是系动词，后接形容词作表语，sweet是形容词，意为”甜的” 真题再现(2023广东中考) Her dream is a scientist. A.be B.to be C.being D.been 答案：B 解析：此处用不定式短语to be a scientist作表语 考法3：句型的否定句和疑问句转换（中考重点考点） 转换规侧+例句转换 规则l:否定句：在be动词后加not(is not=-isn't,are not=-aren't,was not-=wasn't,were not--weren't, am not无缩写) 例句：原句This is a red apple.→否定句：This isn't a red apple. 例句：原句They were at home last night..→否定句：They weren't at home last night, 规则2：一般疑问句：将be动词提到主语之前，句末加问号 例句：原句He is a student..→一般疑问句：Is he a student? 例句：原句We were in the park yesterday..一→一般疑问句：Were you in the park yesterday? 规则3：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序（对表语提问常用what/who/how等） 例句：原句The girl is my sister.(对表语my sister提问)→特殊疑问句：Who is the girl? 例句：原句The shirt is blue.(对表语blue提问)→特殊疑问句：What colour is the shirt?? 真题再现(2024全国版中考专项练习) It is a cat.(改为否定句) 3 初中全国版 【中考必备】A版句型全解 It a cat. 答案：ismt 真题再现(2023湖北武汉中考) They are in the classroom.(改为一般疑问句) in the classroom? 答案：Are they 真题再现(2024全国版教材同步测试) The book is on the desk.(对划线部分提间) the book? 答案：Where is 句型综合训练 训练1：单项选择（考察be动词选用、表语构成） 1.My mother a teacher in this school for 10 years. A.am B.is C.are D.was 2.The news_very exciting yesterday. A.is B.are C.was D.were 3.These apples fresh and sweet. A.taste B.tastes C.is tasting D.are tasting 4.Her favorite subject English. A.am B.is C.are 初中全国版 【中考必备】 A版句型全解 D.be 5.The students in the classroom now. A.am B.is C.are D.was 6.The film very interesting last night. A.is B.are C.was D.were 7.The children happy because they got presents. A.am B.is C.are D.were 8.Hishobby playing basketball. A.am B.is C.are D.be 训练2：同义句转换（考察否定句和疑问句转换） 1.This is my new pen.(改为否定句) →This my new pen. 2.They are in the park now.(改为一般疑问句) in the park now? 3.The book was on the desk yesterday.(改为否定句) →The book on the desk yesterday 4.She is a doctor.(对划线部分提问) → she? 5.We were happy.(改为一般疑问句) → happy? 5 初中全国版 【中考必备】A版句型全解 6.The flowers are red.(对划线部分提问) are the flowers? 7.He is a student.(改为否定句) →He a student &.They were at home last week.(对划线部分提问) they last week? 训练3：完成句子（考察表语构成和be动词选用） 1.我的爸爸是一名工人。 →My father a worker. 2.这本书很有趣。 →This book very interesting 3.钥匙在桌子上。 →The keys on the desk. 4.昨天天气很好。 →The weather nice yesterday. 5. 她的梦想是成为一名科学家。 →Her dream be a scientist. 6.他们是我的好朋友。 →They my good friends. 7.我现在很开心。 →I happy now. 8.他的书包在椅子下面。 →Iis schoolbag under the chair 9.我们昨天在学校。 →We at school yesterday. 10.这朵花闻起来很香。 →This f1oweI sweet 训练4：写作高级句式（考察主系表结构应用） 6 初中全国版 【中考必备】A版句型全解 1.她是一名优秀的学生。 →She an excellent student. 2.这个故事很感人。 →This story moving. 3.我的家在城市中心。 -My home in the center of the city. 4.今天天气晴朗。 →The weather sunny today 5.他的爱好是画画。 →His hobby painting. 6.她看起来很开心。 →She happy. 参考答案 I.训练1：单项选择 1.B2.C3.A4.B5.C6.C7.D8.B IⅡ训练2：同义句转换 1.isn't 2.Are they 3.wasn't 4.What is 5.Were we 6.What colour 7.isn't 8. Where were L.训练3：完成句子 1.is 2.is 3.are 4.was 5.is to 6.are 7.am 8.is 9.were 10.smells V.训练4：写作高级句式 1.is 2.is 3.is 4.is 5.is 6.looks 7