重难点10 定语从句（易错点+中考练场）-备考2025年中考英语：三轮冲刺重难点突破特训

备考2025中考英语：三轮冲刺重难点突破特训 重难点10 定语从句（易错点+中考练场） 【命题规律】 在广东省中考英语中，定语从句的命题呈现出一定规律。 从考点分布看，关系代词和关系副词的选用是核心考点。在语法选择题里，常给出含有定语从句的句子，让考生根据先行词的性质（指人、指物、时间、地点等）以及其在从句中充当的成分（主语、宾语、状语等）来选择合适的关系词。例如，当先行词指人且在从句中作主语时，多考查用“who”或“that”；若作宾语，“whom”“who”“that”都可能是选项。 选词填空中，会结合具体语篇，要求考生根据上下文逻辑判断关系词。而且，对一些特殊情况的考查也时有出现，像“介词 + 关系代词”的用法、先行词既有人又有物时关系词的选择等。此外，定语从句与其他语法知识的结合考查也是趋势，如和时态、主谓一致等结合，增加了题目的综合性和难度。这就要求考生不仅要掌握定语从句的基本规则，还要能灵活运用并综合考虑各种因素。 【解答技巧】 确定先行词性质与成分 1.先行词性质判断：拿到题目，先找出先行词，明确其是指人、指物、指时间、指地点还是表原因等。若先行词为人，关系词可能是 “who”“whom”“whose”“that”；指物则可能是 “which”“that”。例如，在句子 “The man who/that is standing there is my teacher.” 中，先行词 “man” 指人。而在 “The book which/that I bought yesterday is interesting.” 里，先行词 “book” 指物。 2.成分分析：进一步分析先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分。作主语时，关系词不能省略。如上述第一个句子，“who/that” 在从句中作 “is standing” 的主语。作宾语时，关系词常可省略，像 “The movie (which/that) we saw last night was great.”，“which/that” 作 “saw” 的宾语，可省略。若作定语，用 “whose”，如 “The girl whose hair is long is my sister.”，“whose” 修饰 “hair”，表示所属关系。 【命题趋势】 定语从句 书面表达 （1）定语从句的关系代词和关系副词是考查的重点。（2）定语以语法选择和完成句子这两个题型考查为主，也要求在写作中有所体现。 【考点诠释】 关系代词常考易混点集中在who与whom主宾格使用差异、which和that指物时用法区分，以及whose所属关系判定，需依据先行词在从句成分精准辨析。 常考易混点 解释 示例 注意事项 who 与 whom who 在从句中作主语；whom 作宾语。口语中 whom 作宾语时常被 who 替代，且可省略 1. The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（作主语）2. The girl (whom/who) we met yesterday is very friendly.（作宾语） 在正式书面语中，作宾语时 whom 更规范，若紧跟在介词后，只能用 whom，如：The person to whom you talked is my boss. which 与 that 指物时 在大多数情况下，二者可互换。但先行词为不定代词、被序数词或最高级修饰等情况，只能用 that；非限定性定语从句中，只能用 which 1. I have read all the books that you gave me.（先行词被 all 修饰，用 that）2. The book, which I bought last week, is very interesting.（非限定性定语从句，用 which） 牢记只能用 that 或 which 的特殊情形，根据具体语境判断 whose 表示所属关系，可指人或物，在从句中作定语 1. This is the boy whose schoolbag is lost.（指人）2. The house whose windows face south is very bright.（指物） 注意 whose 后紧跟所修饰的名词，构成所属关系 中考练场 一、单项选择题 1．A true friend is a person________ is always there to share your laughter and tears. A．what B．which C．who D．whom 2．—Have you seen the film Leap? —Yes. It’s the best one ______I have ever seen. A．that B．which C．what D．how 3．The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge ________ opened for traffic is the world’s longest cross-sea bridge. A．what B．who C．when D．which 4．In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ stand out and bring people hope. A．whom B．who C．which D．whose 5．The volunteers ________ risked their lives to save people during the fire are true heroes. A．that B．whom C．which D．/ 6．Nanjing is a city ________ attracts a lot of people. A．where B．which C．why D．how 7．Teenagers shouldn’t buy too many shoes and clothes _____ prices go _______ their parents’ ability to pay. A．who, above B．whose, beyond C．whose, over D．who, behind 8．The boy ________ is standing under the tree is my brother. A．which B．whom C．who D．whose 9．I will never forget the activities ________ we took part in to protect the environment. A．when B．that C．who D．what 10．—What kind of movies do you like? —I prefer movies ________ give me something to think about. A．that B．who C．what D．/ 11．I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me. A．who B．which C．where D．what 12．Friends are those ________ make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to achieve your dreams. A．whose B．which C．who D．whom 13．This is the most beautiful picture ________ I have seen. A．which B．whose C．that D．what 14．Changchun is a modern city ________ is famous for making cars. A．what B．which C．where D．who 15．We should remember the heroes _______ lost their lives for our country. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 16．I prefer movies that ________ exciting and inspiring stones like Ne Zha 2. A．have B．has C．had D．having 17．We are supposed to care about the workers ________ keep our city clean. A．which B．who C．whom D．what 18．My favorite cartoon charater is Ne Zha ________ is really brave and kind. A．who B．which C．what D．whose 19．The Xiaomi Su7 Ultra, _________ uses advanced battery technology, has a range of 800 kilometers. A．which B．who C．what D．where 20．The students ________ don’t work hard will not pass the exam. A．who B．what C．which D．whom 21．—Have you heard of Black Myth (神话): Wukong? —Sure. It is a new video game ________ brings the magic of Chinese legends to life. A．who B．what C．which D．/ 22．The book ______ I bought last week is very interesting. It’s about traditional Chinese culture. A．who B．which C．where D．when 23．The movie Ne Zha ________ has a unique plot (情节独特) and vivid characters (人物形象鲜明生动), has won the love of a large number of audiences both at home and abroad. A．whom B．who C．where D．which 24．I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me. A．what B．which C．who D．where 25．He is the man ________ I saw yesterday. A．where B．what C．who D．why 26．But the food wasn’t the only thing ________ was strange. A．which B．who C．that D．why 27．China is a great country ________ is playing a leading role in the world. A．what B．which C．where D．who 28．The real heroes in my heart are the doctors and nurses ________ fight against the illness. A．what B．who C．which D．where 29．—Ian, what are you watching with tears in your eyes? —A short video about Zhang Guimei ________ has devoted her life to girls’ education. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 30．—I watched a movie ______ touched me a lot last winter vacation. —Really? I’d like to know more about it. A．which B．what C．who D．it 31．I’ve finished reading the first book ________ was written by Yu Hua. A．which B．who C．what D．that 32．This is not the only film ________ I’ve wished to see. A．which B．that C．whom D．who 33．I remember music ______ has great lyrics. A．whose B．that C．/ D．who 34．The man with ________ they are talking comes from Nanjing. A．whom B．that C．which D．what 35．The old man ________ is wearing a pair of glasses ________ Mr. Black. A．which; are B．who; are C．who; is D．whom; is 36．—Have you heard of the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议)? —Yes. It’s an important project ________ helps to connect China with other countries. A．which B．who C．what D．where 37．—I heard that Huang Xuhua still worked hard on national defense (防御) research in his nineties. —That’s true. His spirit ______ never gives up encourages me a lot. A．what B．that C．whether D．how 38．The teacher, ________ is well­-known for his kindness and patience, encourages us to be confident in solving problems. A．that B．who C．which D．whom 39．The cultural heritage exhibition, ________ features Hui embroidery and bamboo carving, attracted thousands of visitors. A．which B．who C．where D．when 40．The new expressway section in Anhui, ________ was completed last month, has shortened the travel time between cities. A．which B．who C．where D．When 二、按要求完成句子 1．My father likes the songs. The songs are gentle. (改为含定语从句的主从复合句) My father likes the songs gentle. 2．The most beautiful girl is my sister. I talked with her just now. The most beautiful girl is my sister. 3．Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. (改为定语从句) Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas in the forests. 4．We teenagers should look up to the people. The people have made great achievements to our country. (改为定语从句) We teenagers should look up to the people made great achievements to our country. 5．I borrowed a book from the library. It was newly published.（改为定语从句） The book I borrowed from the library newly published. 6．The man in black is their teacher.（改为含有定语从句的句子） The man black clothes is their teacher. 7．The man teaches us English. He comes from Hainan. (改为含有定语从句的句子) The man us English comes from Hainan. 8．I need the book. Your sister bought it in the nearby bookstore. (改为含有定语从句的句子) I need the book your sister in the nearby bookstore. 9．Lily lost the pen. I lent her the pen last Friday. (合并为一句) Lily lost the pen I her last Friday. 10．Linda is a kind girl. She is often ready to help others. (合并为一句) Linda is a kind girl ready to help others 11．Lily returned the pen to me. I lent the pen to her last Friday. (改为定语从句) Lily returned the pen I her last Friday. 12．This is a book. Its cover (封面) is blue.（合并成复合句） This is a book is blue. 13．Do you like the book? I bought the book for you yesterday.（将两句合并为一句） Do you like the book I for you yesterday? 14．The man is our math teacher. He is playing ping-pong over there.(合并为一句） The man playing ping-pong over there is our math teacher. 15．The boy came to see me yesterday. He is Tom’s brother. (把下列句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句) 16．I know the boy. His mother is a doctor.(合并为一句) I know the boy mother a doctor. 17．This is the hall. We listened to the report in it yesterday.（合并为一句） This is the hall we to the report yesterday 18．Bob loves the gift. His mother bought it for him on his eighteenth birthday. (合并为一句话) Bob loves the gift his mother for him on his eighteenth birthday. 三、选词填空 用who、whom、whose、which或that填空。 1．A clock is a machine tells people the time. 2．The panda is a kind of animal can be found in China. 3．April 1st is the day is called April Fool’s Day in the West. 4．Where is the woman watch was stolen yesterday? 5．The woman you visited last week is a famous writer. 6．The man is standing at the door is our English teacher. 7．His father works in the factory is the oldest one in the city. 8．The woman I talked to just now is my aunt. 9．He lost a bike cost him 500 yuan. 10．Tom was the first boy left the classroom. 11．Spaceships is a vehicle are now mainly controlled by electronic. 12．Liu Yang is an astronaut was the first woman astronaut to travel into space. 13．This is the pen I used to write with, my grandfather gave to me. 14．In all the places of interest, there are things tourists should not miss. 15．Mr. Li is a man means what he says. 16．This is the house in the girl lives. 17．Great changes have taken place here. Everything comes into my eyes is so new to me. 18．They are talking about the greatest inventions have made a big difference to our daily life. 19． China is the first nation sent Chang’e IV to the far side of the moon. 20．—How exciting the speech is! —Pretty good! This is the best speech I’ve ever heard. 参考答案 一、 1．C 【详解】句意：真正的朋友是一个总是在你身边分享你的欢笑和泪水的人。 考查定语从句关系词。“what”不能引导定语从句；“which”用于指物；“who”用于指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；“whom”用于指人，在定语从句中作宾语。句中先行词“person”指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以用“who”。故选C。 2．A 【详解】句意：——你看过电影《夺冠》吗？——看过。这是我看过的最好的一部。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，what和how不引导定语从句，排除；先行词是不定代词one，前面被形容词的最高级best修饰，且空处作宾语，关系词只能用that，故选A。 3．D 【详解】句意：通车的港珠澳大桥是世界上最长的跨海大桥。 考查定语从句。what不能引导定语从句；who引导定语从句时，先行词是人；when在定语从句中作时间状语；which是关系代词，先行词为物，且在从句中作主语或宾语。根据“…opened for traffic is the world’s longest cross-sea bridge.”可知，此处是定语从句，定语从句中缺少主语，且指代的是先行词“The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge”是物，因此需用关系代词which或that，在从句中作主语。故选D。 4．B 【详解】句意：在困难时期，总会有挺身而出，给人们带来希望的民族英雄。 考查定语从句的引导词。whom指人，作宾语；who指人，作主语或宾语；which指物，作主语或宾语；whose表示所属关系。先行词是“heroes”，故引导词指代人，且从句缺少主语，则用关系代词who引导该定语从句。故选B。 5．A 【详解】句意：那些在火灾中冒着生命危险救人的志愿者们是真正的英雄。 考查定语从句关系词。that关系代词，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；/不填，在定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。分析句子结构可知，本句为定语从句，先行词是“The volunteers（志愿者们）”，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以关系词应该用that。故选A。 6．B 【详解】句意：南京是一座吸引了许多人的城市。 考查定语从句。where 是关系副词，表地点，在从句中作状语； which 是关系代词，代指名词，在从句中充当主语；why 表原因；how 表方式。定语从句中缺少主语，且指代的是先行词 “city”物，因此需用关系代词 which 或 that，在从句中作主语。故选B。 7．B 【详解】句意：青少年不应该买太多价格超过父母支付能力的鞋子和衣服。 考查定语从句和介词辨析。who谁；whose谁的；above在……上；over超过，多指数量；beyond超过，多指能力；behind在……后。第一空引导定语从句且在从句中作定语，表示“鞋子和衣服的”，所以选填whose；根据“their parents’ ability to pay”可知，此处指超出父母的购买力，go beyond“超出”。故选B。 8．C 【详解】句意：站在树下的那个男孩是我弟弟。 考查定语从句的引导词。which指物；whom在从句中作宾语；who指代人，作主语；whose表示所属关系。先行词“the boy”指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选C。 9．B 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记我们参加的那些保护环境的活动。 考查定语从句。when什么时候；that那个；who谁；what什么。根据“I will never forget the activities...we took part in to protect the environment.”可知，此句是一个定语从句，先行词是“activities”，是事物，且关系词在定语从句“we took part in”中作“took part in”的宾语。“that”指事物，在从句中可作宾语，符合要求。故选B。 10．A 【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我更喜欢能让我有所思考的电影。 考查定语从句。that可指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who指人，在定语从句中作主语；what不能引导定语从句；/在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。本句中先行词“movies”指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以只能用that，不能省略，故选A。 11．A 【详解】句意：我会记住那些在我生命中帮助和支持过我的重要的人。 考查定语从句。who用于指代人，作主语或宾语；which指代物，作主语或宾语；where指代地点，作状语；what什么，不引导定语从句。本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是people，所以应用指代人的关系代词who，故选A。 12．C 【详解】句意：朋友是那些使你开心，总是向你敞开心扉并鼓励你实现梦想的人。 考查定语从句的关系词。whose表示“……的”，在定语从句中作定语，通常用于指代人或物的所属关系；which作为关系代词，用于引导定语从句，通常指代物；who作为关系代词，用于引导定语从句，指代人，且在从句中可作主语；whom作为关系代词，也用于引导定语从句，指代人，但仅在从句中作宾语。根据题干可知，本句的先行词是those，指代人，且关系词在从句中作主语，因此应该用who。故选C。 13．C 【详解】句意：这是我所见过的最美的照片。 考查的是定语从句中关系代词的选择。 which哪一个，可以指代物；whose谁的，表示所属关系；that那，既可用于指物，又特别适合最高级修饰的情况；what什么，不能引导定语从句。先行词是picture，指物，从句"I have seen"缺少宾语（seen的宾语），先行词被最高级the most beautiful修饰时，关系代词通常用that。故选C。 14．B 【详解】句意：长春是一座以制造汽车而闻名的现代化城市。 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，“... is famous for making cars”是定语从句，先行词是city，引导词在从句中作主语，因此用which引导，故选B。 15．A 【详解】句意：我们应该记住那些为我们国家牺牲生命的英雄们。 考查定语从句。who引导定语从句时，先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom引导定语从句时，先行词是人，在从句中作宾语；which引导定语从句时，先行词是物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what 不能引导定语从句。 根据“We should remember the heroes... lost their lives for our country.”可知，先行词是the heroes，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选A。 16．A 【详解】句意：我更喜欢有激动人心且鼓舞人心的故事的电影，比如《哪吒2》。 考查主谓一致和时态。本句是定语从句，that指代先行词“movies”，在从句中作主语，且句子描述一般偏好，时态用一般现在时。因此空处用动词原形。故选A。 17．B 【详解】句意：我们应该关心那些保持城市清洁的工人们。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。which引导定语从句，指物，常作主语或宾语；who引导定语从句，指人，常作主语或宾语；whom引导定语从句，指人，作宾语；what不引导定语从句。空处到“clean”位于名词“workers”后，为定语从句。先行词为“workers”指人，且从句缺少主语，用who引导定语从句。故选B。 18．A 【详解】句意：最喜欢的卡通人物是哪吒，他真的很勇敢和善良。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。who一般用于指人的先行词；which一般用于指物的先行词；what不可以引导定语从句；whose表示所属关系，意为“……的”。先行词“Ne Zha”是人，且在从句中作主语时，关系词用who。故选A。 19．A 【详解】句意：小米Su7 Ultra使用了先进的电池技术，续航里程达到800公里。 考查定语从句的关系词。which关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what连接宾语从句；where关系副词，指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。主语是The Xiaomi Su7 Ultra，在定语从句中作uses的主语，指物，关系代词用which。故选A。 20．A 【详解】句意：不努力学习的学生不会通过考试。 考查定语从句引导词。who谁；what什么；which哪个；whom谁，宾格。根据“The students...don’t work hard will not pass the exam.”可知，先行词是人，在定语从句中作主语，用who连接。故选A。 21．C 【详解】句意：——你听说过《黑神话：悟空》吗？——当然听说了。这是一款将中国神话的魅力呈现出来的新电子游戏。 考查定语从句关系词用法。who谁；what什么；which哪一个；/省略。先行词是“a new video game”，指物，引导定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which；who指人，what不能引导定语从句，/（省略）也不符合从句结构。故选C。 22．B 【详解】句意：我上周买的那本书非常有趣。它是关于中国传统文化的。 考查定语从句。who用于先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which用于先行词指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语；where在定语从句中作地点状语；when在定语从句中作时间状语。先行词是“The book”，指物。关系词在从句“I bought last week”中作宾语。故选B。 23．D 【详解】句意：电影《哪吒》拥有独特的情节和鲜明生动的人物形象，赢得了国内外大量观众的喜爱。 考查定语从句。whom谁，修饰人，在从句中作宾语；who谁，在从句中作主语；where哪里，在定语从句中作地点状语；which哪个，修饰物，在从句中可作主语或宾语。此处是定语从句，先行词是The movie Ne Zha，指物，需用which引导，在从句中作主语。故选D。 24．C 【详解】句意：我将记住生命中曾帮助和支持过我的那些重要的人。 考查定语从句的关系词。what不是定语从句的关系词；which关系代词，用于先行词是物时；who关系代词，用于先行词是人时；where关系副词，作地点状语。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，所以是关系代词，且先行词people指人，故用who。故选C。 25．C 【详解】句意：他就是我昨天见到的那个人。 考查定语从句关系词。where指地点，关系副词；what什么，不能引导定语从句；who指人，可作宾语，关系代词；why表原因，关系副词。空处所在句为定语从句，先行词为“the man”，指人，且从句中缺少宾语，需用指人的关系代词who。故选C。 26．C 【详解】句意：但是食物并不是唯一奇怪的东西。 考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是“the only thing”，指物，应用that引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语。故选C。 27．B 【详解】句意：中国是一个伟大的国家，正在世界上发挥着领导作用。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。what不引导定语从句；which指代物；where表地点；who指代人。根据“a great country”可知，从句缺主语且指代物，需用which引导。故选B。 28．B 【详解】句意：我心中真正的英雄是那些与疾病作斗争的医生和护士。 考查定语从句。what什么，引导名词性从句；who谁，引导定语从句，先行词为人；which哪一个，引导定语从句，先行词为物；where在哪里，引导定语从句，先行词为地点。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个定语从句，先行词是“the doctors and nurses”，表示人，且在从句中作主语，所以应该用who来引导定语从句。故选B。 29．A 【详解】句意：——伊恩，你眼里含着泪在看什么？  ——一个关于张桂梅毕生致力于女子教育事业的短视频。 考查定语从句。四个选项均可引导定语从句。who修饰的先行词为人，在从句中作主语；whom修饰的先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；whose修饰的先行词为人或物，表示所属关系，在从句中作定语；which修饰的先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语。此处先行词“Zhang Guimei”表示人，且引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。 30．A 【详解】句意：——去年寒假我看了一部让我很感动的电影。——真的吗？我想了解更多关于这部电影的事。 考查定语从句。which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不引导定语从句；who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；it它，指示代词，不引导从句。根据“touched me a lot last winter vacation.”可知，定语从句修饰先行词movie，空处作从句的主语，应用which引导。故选A。 31．D 【详解】句意：我已经读完了余华写的第一本书。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知这是一个定语从句。which指代的先行词是物；who指代的先行词是人；what引导名词性从句，不用来引导定语从句；that指代的先行词可以是人，也可以是物。先行词book指物，且被the first修饰，当先行词被the first修饰时，只能用that，不能用which。故选D。 32．B 【详解】句意：这不是我唯一想看的电影。 考查定语从句。which引导定语从句时，先行词指物；that引导定语从句时，先行词指物或人；whom引导定语从句时，先行词指人；whom引导定语从句时，先行词指人。分析题干可知，先行词是film，指物；先行词被the only修饰，定语从句应用that引导。故选B。 33．B 【详解】句意：我记得歌词很棒的音乐。 考查定语从句。whose指人或物，在从句中作定语；that指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；/不填；who指人，在从句中作主语。分析句子可知，此句为定语从句，先行词是music，是物，且关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选B。 34．A 【详解】句意：他们在和他谈话的那个人来自南京。 考查定语从句。whom关系代词，指代人，在定语从句中作宾语；that关系代词，指代人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，不能与介词连用；which关系代词，指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what不引导定语从句。先行词“the man”表示人，但在关系词前有介词with，因此只能用whom。故选A。 35．C 【详解】句意：戴一副眼镜的那位老人是布莱克先生。 考查定语从句和主谓一致。which指物，在定语从句中作主语；who指人，在定语从句中作主语；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。该句是定语从句，先行词是“the old man”，且关系代词在从句中作主语，故用who；主句主语是“The old man”，be动词填is。故选C。 36．A 【详解】句意：——你听说过“一带一路”倡议吗？——是的。这是一个重要的项目，它有助于将中国与其他国家连接起来。 考查定语从句关系代词。which哪一个，指代物；who谁，指代人；what什么，不能引导定语从句；where在哪里，在定语从句中作地点状语。根据“It’s an important project...helps to connect China with other countries”可知，本句是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“project”，先行词“project”是物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词“which”来引导。故选A。 37．B 【详解】句意：——我听说黄旭华九十多岁了，还在为国防研究而努力。——这是真的。他永不放弃的精神给了我很大的鼓励。 考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；that指物或者人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whether是否，引导宾语从句；how如何，引导宾语从句。根据“His spirit…never gives up encourages me a lot.”可知，该句是定语从句，先行词是“spirit”，在从句中作主语。故选B。 38．B 【详解】句意：这个以亲切和耐心著称的老师，鼓励我们自信地解决问题。 考查who引导非限制性定语从句。that指代人或物，作主语或宾语；who代指人，作主语或宾语；which代指物，作主语或宾语；whom指代人，只能作宾语。分析句子可知，空白处需填入关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰“the teacher ”，指代“人”，作主语；而根据“is well-known for his kindness and patience”空前有逗号可知，该从句为非限制性定语从句，that不可引导非限制性定语从句。故选B。 39．A 【详解】句意：这场以徽绣和竹雕为特色的文化遗产展览吸引了成千上万的游客。 考查定语从句。which用于指代物或事；who用于指代人；where用于指代地点；when用于指代时间。此句为非限制性定语从句，句中需要填入一个关系代词，指代先行词The cultural heritage exhibition。先行词为事，用which。故选A。 40．A 【详解】句意：安徽上个月完工的新高速公路路段缩短了城市之间的旅行时间。 考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，先行词为事物，作主语或宾语；who引导定语从句，先行词为人，作主语或宾语；where哪里，表示地点，作状语；when什么时候，表示时间，作状语。根据句子结构“The new expressway section in Anhui, …was completed last month, has shortened the travel time between cities.”可知此空引导定语从句，先行词“The new expressway section”是事物，并且从句“…was completed last month”中缺少主语，应用“which”。故选A。 二、 1． that/which are 【详解】句意：我父亲喜欢那些轻柔的歌曲。通过分析句子结构，原句需要改为含定语从句的主从复合句，先行词the songs指物，在定语从句中作主语，因此关系代词可用that或which。定语从句的谓语are与先行词保持数的一致。故填that/which；are。 2． that I talked with just now 【详解】句意：最漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。我刚才和她谈过了。此处可表达为“刚才和我谈话的最漂亮的女孩是我妹妹”，空处为定语从句，先行词为指人的“girl”，且先行词前有最高级“The most beautiful”修饰，关系词用that；I“我”；talked with“交谈”；just now“刚才”。故填that；I talked with just now。 3． that/which live 【详解】句意：科学家说，现在生活在森林里的大熊猫不到2000只。分析句子可知pandas是先行词，属于物，关系代词用that或which，引导定语从句；从句时态是一般现在时，主语是指代复数，所以谓语动词用原形live。故填that/which；live。 4． who/that have 【详解】句意：我们青少年应该尊敬人民。人民为我们的国家取得了巨大的成就。先行词是“people”，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导；时态为现在完成时“have/has done”，主语是复数，助动词应用have。故填who/that；have。 5 that/which was 【详解】句意：我从图书馆借了一本书。它是新出版的。本题将题干改为含定语从句的主从复合句，以book（书）为主语，即变为“我从图书馆借的这本书是新出版的。”第一个空引导定语从句，“I borrowed from the library”修饰book，指物，从句缺宾语，应用that或which引导。本句指这本书新出版，要用一般过去时，因主语book为单数，be动词用was，与题干对应。故填that/which；was。 6． who/that wears 【详解】句意：穿黑色衣服的男士是他们的老师。先行词The man指人，作定语从句的主语，所以关系代词可以用who或that。句子是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式wears。故填who/that；wears。 7．who/that teaches 【详解】句意：来自海南的这位男士教我们英语。分析题干，先行词为“the man”，关系代词可用who或that，在句中作主语。结合“comes from”可知，该句时态为一般现在时，从句谓语动词用三单形式。故填who/that；teaches。 8．that/which bought 【详解】句意：我需要这本书。你姐姐在附近的书店买的。分析题干，先行词是book，在从句中作宾语，关系代词填that/which；结合语境，这本书已经买了，因此从句是一般过去时，动词填过去式。故填that/which；bought。 9． that/which lent 【详解】句意：莉莉把钢笔弄丢了。上周五我把钢笔借给了她。合并为一句，即变为定语从句，先行词pen为物，在从句中作宾语，引导词用that/which，根据“Lily lost the pen.”可知，主句为一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时，lent“借”，动词过去式，故填that/which；lent。 10． who is 【详解】句意：琳达是一个善良的女孩。她经常乐于助人。girl是指人，可改写成用关系词who引导的定语从句，be ready to“乐于做某事”，句子是一般现在时，先行词girl是单数形式，be动词用is，故填who；is。 11． that/which lent 【详解】句意：莉莉把钢笔还给了我。上星期五我把钢笔借给她了。改为定语从句为“莉莉把我上周五借给她的钢笔还给了我”。先行词为“the pen”，关系词用that/which，在从句中作宾语；由“last Friday”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词要用过去式lent。故填that/which；lent。 12． whose cover 【详解】句意：这是一本书。它的封面是蓝色的。原句是两个句子，改为复合句可以改为定语从句。先行词是book，book和cover之间存在所属关系，所以用whose引导定语从句，在句子中作cover的定语。故填whose；cover。 13． that/which bought 【详解】句意：你喜欢这本书吗？我昨天给你买了这本书。根据下句和要求将两句合并为一句可知，应该改写“你喜欢我昨天给你买的这本书吗？”，也就是改为定语从句；根据先行词“the book”，指物，且在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系代词应该使用“that”或者“which”；根据“yesterday”可知，定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用过去式。故填that/which；bought。 14． who/that is 【详解】句意：那个人是我们的数学老师。他正在那儿打乒乓球。合成一个句子时，可改为定语从句，先行词是“The man”，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who/that引导定语从句，且从句中是现在进行时，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填who/that；is。 15．The boy who came to see me yesterday is Tom’s brother./The boy that came to see me yesterday is Tom’s brother. 【详解】句意：那个男孩昨天来看我了。他是汤姆的弟弟。合并成定语从句意思是“昨天来看我的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。”定语从句为“昨天来看我的那个男孩”，the boy“男孩”，作主语，先行词是人，此时关系词是who/that；came to see me yesterday“昨天来看我的那个男孩”；系动词是is；Tom’s brother“汤姆的弟弟”，是表语。故填The boy who/that came to see me yesterday is Tom’s brother. 16． whose is 【详解】句意：我认识那个男孩。他妈妈是医生。根据题干可知，这两个句子合并为一句应该变为定语从句，“I know the boy”是主句，后面是定语从句。the boy是先行词，指代“那个男孩的母亲”，要用关系词whose，表示某人的，后接名词mother，be动词用is。故填whose；is。 17．where listened 【详解】句意：这是大厅。我们昨天听了里面的报告。根据题意是变成定语从句，先行词是the hall，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词用where引导；定语从句时间状语yesterday可知是一般过去时态，listen是动词，听，此处用过去式listened。故填where；listened。 18． which/that bought 【详解】句意：Bob喜欢这个礼物。他妈妈在他18岁生日时给他买的。原句可以合并成先行词是the gift的定语从句，因先行词是物，故关系词可用which/that，故第一空填which/that；且根据原句“His mother bought it for him…”可知，从句时态用一般过去时，故第二空填bought。故填which/that；bought。 三、 1．句意：时钟是一种告诉人们时间的机器。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是machine，指物，所以此定语从句可用that或which引导。故填that/which。 2．句意：熊猫是一种可以在中国找到的动物。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是animal，指物，所以此定语从句可用that或which引导。故填that/which。 3．句意：4月1日这一天在西方被称为愚人节。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是day，指物，所以此定语从句可用which或that引导。故填which/that。 4．句意：昨天手表被偷的那个女人在哪里？分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作定语，修饰空后的名词watch，先行词是woman，指人，所以此定语从句应用whose引导。故填whose。 5．句意：你上周拜访的那个女人是一位著名的作家。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作宾语，先行词是woman，指人，所以此定语从句可用who、whom或that引导。故填who/whom/that。 6．句意：站在门口的那个人是我们的英语老师。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是man，指人，所以此定语从句可用who或that引导。故填who/that。 7．句意：他的父亲在这座城市最古老的工厂工作。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是factory，指物，所以此定语从句可用which或that引导。故填which/that。 8．句意：刚才和我说话的那个女人是我的阿姨。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作宾语，先行词是woman，指人，所以此定语从句可用who、whom或that引导。故填who/whom/that。 9．句意：他丢了一辆花了他500元的自行车。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是bike，指物，所以此定语从句可用that或which引导。故填that/which。 10．句意：汤姆是第一个离开教室的男孩。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是boy，指人，且先行词被序数词first修饰，所以只能用that引导此定语从句。故填that。 11．句意：宇宙飞船是一种交通工具，现在主要由电子设备控制。此句是定语从句，先行词spaceships指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which。故填that/which。 12．句意：刘洋是一名宇航员，她是第一位进入太空的女宇航员。此句是定语从句，先行词Liu Yang指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或who。故填who/that。 13．句意：这是我以前写字用的钢笔，是我祖父给我的。分析句子可知，前句是限制性定语从句，后句是非限制性定语从句。从第二句入手，先行词是指前句“以前写字用的钢笔”，应用which引导非限制定语从句；第一句先行词pen是物，关系词在从句中作宾语，正常可以使用that或which，又因后句已有which，为了防止重复，这里不用which，用that引导限制性定语从句。故填that；which。 14．句意：在所有的名胜古迹中，都有游客不应该错过的东西。此句是定语从句，先行词things指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用that或which。故填that/which。 15．句意：李先生是一个说话算数的人。此句是定语从句，先行词man指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或who。故填who/that。 16．句意：这就是那个女孩住的房子。空处在句中作宾语，先行词是the house，指物，介词in后只能用which，不能用that，故填which。 17．句意：这里发生了很大的变化。进入我眼中的一切对我来说都是如此的新鲜。先行词是不定代词Everything，关系词用that。故填that。　　　　　　　　 18．句意：他们正在谈论对我们的日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明。先行词inventions被最高级the greatest修饰，关系词用that，故填that。 19．句意：中国是第一个将嫦娥四号发射到月球背面的国家。先行词前nation被序数词the first修饰，关系词用that。故填that。 20．句意：——多么令人兴奋的演讲啊！——相当好！这是我听过的最好的演讲。先行词speech被最高级the best修饰，关系词用that，故填that。 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 备考2025中考英语：三轮冲刺重难点突破特训 重难点10 定语从句（易错点+中考练场） 【命题规律】 在广东省中考英语中，定语从句的命题呈现出一定规律。 从考点分布看，关系代词和关系副词的选用是核心考点。在语法选择题里，常给出含有定语从句的句子，让考生根据先行词的性质（指人、指物、时间、地点等）以及其在从句中充当的成分（主语、宾语、状语等）来选择合适的关系词。例如，当先行词指人且在从句中作主语时，多考查用“who”或“that”；若作宾语，“whom”“who”“that”都可能是选项。 选词填空中，会结合具体语篇，要求考生根据上下文逻辑判断关系词。而且，对一些特殊情况的考查也时有出现，像“介词 + 关系代词”的用法、先行词既有人又有物时关系词的选择等。此外，定语从句与其他语法知识的结合考查也是趋势，如和时态、主谓一致等结合，增加了题目的综合性和难度。这就要求考生不仅要掌握定语从句的基本规则，还要能灵活运用并综合考虑各种因素。 【解答技巧】 确定先行词性质与成分 1.先行词性质判断：拿到题目，先找出先行词，明确其是指人、指物、指时间、指地点还是表原因等。若先行词为人，关系词可能是 “who”“whom”“whose”“that”；指物则可能是 “which”“that”。例如，在句子 “The man who/that is standing there is my teacher.” 中，先行词 “man” 指人。而在 “The book which/that I bought yesterday is interesting.” 里，先行词 “book” 指物。 2.成分分析：进一步分析先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分。作主语时，关系词不能省略。如上述第一个句子，“who/that” 在从句中作 “is standing” 的主语。作宾语时，关系词常可省略，像 “The movie (which/that) we saw last night was great.”，“which/that” 作 “saw” 的宾语，可省略。若作定语，用 “whose”，如 “The girl whose hair is long is my sister.”，“whose” 修饰 “hair”，表示所属关系。 【命题趋势】 定语从句 书面表达 （1）定语从句的关系代词和关系副词是考查的重点。（2）定语以语法选择和完成句子这两个题型考查为主，也要求在写作中有所体现。 【考点诠释】 关系代词常考易混点集中在who与whom主宾格使用差异、which和that指物时用法区分，以及whose所属关系判定，需依据先行词在从句成分精准辨析。 常考易混点 解释 示例 注意事项 who 与 whom who 在从句中作主语；whom 作宾语。口语中 whom 作宾语时常被 who 替代，且可省略 1. The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（作主语）2. The girl (whom/who) we met yesterday is very friendly.（作宾语） 在正式书面语中，作宾语时 whom 更规范，若紧跟在介词后，只能用 whom，如：The person to whom you talked is my boss. which 与 that 指物时 在大多数情况下，二者可互换。但先行词为不定代词、被序数词或最高级修饰等情况，只能用 that；非限定性定语从句中，只能用 which 1. I have read all the books that you gave me.（先行词被 all 修饰，用 that）2. The book, which I bought last week, is very interesting.（非限定性定语从句，用 which） 牢记只能用 that 或 which 的特殊情形，根据具体语境判断 whose 表示所属关系，可指人或物，在从句中作定语 1. This is the boy whose schoolbag is lost.（指人）2. The house whose windows face south is very bright.（指物） 注意 whose 后紧跟所修饰的名词，构成所属关系 中考练场 一、单项选择题 1．A true friend is a person________ is always there to share your laughter and tears. A．what B．which C．who D．whom 2．—Have you seen the film Leap? —Yes. It’s the best one ______I have ever seen. A．that B．which C．what D．how 3．The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge ________ opened for traffic is the world’s longest cross-sea bridge. A．what B．who C．when D．which 4．In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ stand out and bring people hope. A．whom B．who C．which D．whose 5．The volunteers ________ risked their lives to save people during the fire are true heroes. A．that B．whom C．which D．/ 6．Nanjing is a city ________ attracts a lot of people. A．where B．which C．why D．how 7．Teenagers shouldn’t buy too many shoes and clothes _____ prices go _______ their parents’ ability to pay. A．who, above B．whose, beyond C．whose, over D．who, behind 8．The boy ________ is standing under the tree is my brother. A．which B．whom C．who D．whose 9．I will never forget the activities ________ we took part in to protect the environment. A．when B．that C．who D．what 10．—What kind of movies do you like? —I prefer movies ________ give me something to think about. A．that B．who C．what D．/ 11．I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me. A．who B．which C．where D．what 12．Friends are those ________ make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to achieve your dreams. A．whose B．which C．who D．whom 13．This is the most beautiful picture ________ I have seen. A．which B．whose C．that D．what 14．Changchun is a modern city ________ is famous for making cars. A．what B．which C．where D．who 15．We should remember the heroes _______ lost their lives for our country. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 16．I prefer movies that ________ exciting and inspiring stones like Ne Zha 2. A．have B．has C．had D．having 17．We are supposed to care about the workers ________ keep our city clean. A．which B．who C．whom D．what 18．My favorite cartoon charater is Ne Zha ________ is really brave and kind. A．who B．which C．what D．whose 19．The Xiaomi Su7 Ultra, _________ uses advanced battery technology, has a range of 800 kilometers. A．which B．who C．what D．where 20．The students ________ don’t work hard will not pass the exam. A．who B．what C．which D．whom 21．—Have you heard of Black Myth (神话): Wukong? —Sure. It is a new video game ________ brings the magic of Chinese legends to life. A．who B．what C．which D．/ 22．The book ______ I bought last week is very interesting. It’s about traditional Chinese culture. A．who B．which C．where D．when 23．The movie Ne Zha ________ has a unique plot (情节独特) and vivid characters (人物形象鲜明生动), has won the love of a large number of audiences both at home and abroad. A．whom B．who C．where D．which 24．I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me. A．what B．which C．who D．where 25．He is the man ________ I saw yesterday. A．where B．what C．who D．why 26．But the food wasn’t the only thing ________ was strange. A．which B．who C．that D．why 27．China is a great country ________ is playing a leading role in the world. A．what B．which C．where D．who 28．The real heroes in my heart are the doctors and nurses ________ fight against the illness. A．what B．who C．which D．where 29．—Ian, what are you watching with tears in your eyes? —A short video about Zhang Guimei ________ has devoted her life to girls’ education. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 30．—I watched a movie ______ touched me a lot last winter vacation. —Really? I’d like to know more about it. A．which B．what C．who D．it 31．I’ve finished reading the first book ________ was written by Yu Hua. A．which B．who C．what D．that 32．This is not the only film ________ I’ve wished to see. A．which B．that C．whom D．who 33．I remember music ______ has great lyrics. A．whose B．that C．/ D．who 34．The man with ________ they are talking comes from Nanjing. A．whom B．that C．which D．what 35．The old man ________ is wearing a pair of glasses ________ Mr. Black. A．which; are B．who; are C．who; is D．whom; is 36．—Have you heard of the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议)? —Yes. It’s an important project ________ helps to connect China with other countries. A．which B．who C．what D．where 37．—I heard that Huang Xuhua still worked hard on national defense (防御) research in his nineties. —That’s true. His spirit ______ never gives up encourages me a lot. A．what B．that C．whether D．how 38．The teacher, ________ is well­-known for his kindness and patience, encourages us to be confident in solving problems. A．that B．who C．which D．whom 39．The cultural heritage exhibition, ________ features Hui embroidery and bamboo carving, attracted thousands of visitors. A．which B．who C．where D．when 40．The new expressway section in Anhui, ________ was completed last month, has shortened the travel time between cities. A．which B．who C．where D．When 二、按要求完成句子 1．My father likes the songs. The songs are gentle. (改为含定语从句的主从复合句) My father likes the songs gentle. 2．The most beautiful girl is my sister. I talked with her just now. The most beautiful girl is my sister. 3．Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. (改为定语从句) Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas in the forests. 4．We teenagers should look up to the people. The people have made great achievements to our country. (改为定语从句) We teenagers should look up to the people made great achievements to our country. 5．I borrowed a book from the library. It was newly published.（改为定语从句） The book I borrowed from the library newly published. 6．The man in black is their teacher.（改为含有定语从句的句子） The man black clothes is their teacher. 7．The man teaches us English. He comes from Hainan. (改为含有定语从句的句子) The man us English comes from Hainan. 8．I need the book. Your sister bought it in the nearby bookstore. (改为含有定语从句的句子) I need the book your sister in the nearby bookstore. 9．Lily lost the pen. I lent her the pen last Friday. (合并为一句) Lily lost the pen I her last Friday. 10．Linda is a kind girl. She is often ready to help others. (合并为一句) Linda is a kind girl ready to help others 11．Lily returned the pen to me. I lent the pen to her last Friday. (改为定语从句) Lily returned the pen I her last Friday. 12．This is a book. Its cover (封面) is blue.（合并成复合句） This is a book is blue. 13．Do you like the book? I bought the book for you yesterday.（将两句合并为一句） Do you like the book I for you yesterday? 14．The man is our math teacher. He is playing ping-pong over there.(合并为一句） The man playing ping-pong over there is our math teacher. 15．The boy came to see me yesterday. He is Tom’s brother. (把下列句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句) 16．I know the boy. His mother is a doctor.(合并为一句) I know the boy mother a doctor. 17．This is the hall. We listened to the report in it yesterday.（合并为一句） This is the hall we to the report yesterday 18．Bob loves the gift. His mother bought it for him on his eighteenth birthday. (合并为一句话) Bob loves the gift his mother for him on his eighteenth birthday. 三、选词填空 用who、whom、whose、which或that填空。 1．A clock is a machine tells people the time. 2．The panda is a kind of animal can be found in China. 3．April 1st is the day is called April Fool’s Day in the West. 4．Where is the woman watch was stolen yesterday? 5．The woman you visited last week is a famous writer. 6．The man is standing at the door is our English teacher. 7．His father works in the factory is the oldest one in the city. 8．The woman I talked to just now is my aunt. 9．He lost a bike cost him 500 yuan. 10．Tom was the first boy left the classroom. 11．Spaceships is a vehicle are now mainly controlled by electronic. 12．Liu Yang is an astronaut was the first woman astronaut to travel into space. 13．This is the pen I used to write with, my grandfather gave to me. 14．In all the places of interest, there are things tourists should not miss. 15．Mr. Li is a man means what he says. 16．This is the house in the girl lives. 17．Great changes have taken place here. Everything comes into my eyes is so new to me. 18．They are talking about the greatest inventions have made a big difference to our daily life. 19． China is the first nation sent Chang’e IV to the far side of the moon. 20．—How exciting the speech is! —Pretty good! This is the best speech I’ve ever heard. 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$