专题02 选词填空（优选上海名校真题）（上海专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题02 选词填空（优选上海名校真题） (23-24高二下·上海宝山区·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．apply    B．broadly    C．complicated    D．downside    E．hardly    F．neighbors G．overburdened    H．pills    I．re-labeling    J．turning    K．worse Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the 1 . Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in five years. There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their 2 . One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain’s poorest households are also 3 off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression. And Britain’s health system can seem more 4 than those in most other rich countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment. Those factors might explain why more people are 5 to medication. Another reason is increased awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is 6 a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable. But there is a 7 to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly 8 common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “You’re going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to 9 it to 30%, 50% of the population,” says Adrian Massey, author of a book called “Sick-Note Britain”. For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe. The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a 10 interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a role. 【答案】 1．H 2．F 3．K 4．G 5．J 6．B 7．D 8．I 9．A 10．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国人正处于心理健康危机之中，分析了导致这一现象背后的原因。 1．考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，没有哪个欧洲国家的抗抑郁药使用增长如此之快；现在只有葡萄牙人和冰岛人服用更多的药物。根据“In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants; now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the”以及句意“药物”可知应填复数名词pills，作宾语。故选H。 2．考查名词。句意：英国人可能比他们的邻居更不快乐，原因有以下几点。根据“One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health.(一项全球民意调查发现，英国青少年是世界上最孤独的人群之一，他们几乎没有支持性的人际关系，目标感和意义感也很低：这些都是导致心理健康状况不佳的风险因素)”以及句意“邻居”可知应填复数名词neighbors，故选F。 3．考查比较级。句意：例如，英国最贫穷的家庭也比法国和德国的同等家庭更贫穷，这使得他们更容易受到焦虑和抑郁等状况的影响。根据“off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression”以及句意“更加贫穷”可知短语为worse off，故选K。 4．考查形容词。句意：而且英国的医疗系统似乎比大多数其他富裕国家的医疗系统负担过重。根据“In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment.(仅在英格兰，就有380万人在等待心理健康治疗)”以及句意“负担过重”可知应填形容词overburdened，作表语。故选G。 5．考查动词。句意：这些因素或许可以解释为什么越来越多的人开始求助于药物治疗。根据“to medication”以及句意“求助于”可知短语为turn to，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选J。 6．考查副词。句意：总的来说，这是一件好事。根据“A reduction in humiliation has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants — or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable.(羞辱的减少鼓励了更多的人寻求帮助。服用抗抑郁药——或者使用心理健康服务——已经变得更容易被接受了)”以及句意“总的来说”可知应填副词broadly，故选B。 7．考查名词。句意：但正如《经济学人》最近报道的那样，这种做法也有不利之处。根据“Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly re-labeling common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses.(调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病)”以及句意“不利之处”可知应填名词downside，作主语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选D。 8．考查动词。句意：调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病。根据“common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses”以及句意“重新定义为”可知应填动词re-label，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选I。 9．考查动词。句意：“如果你开始把它应用到30%到50%的人身上，你就会对什么是精神疾病失去任何概念，”阿德里安·梅西说，他是一本名为《病态笔记英国》的书的作者。根据“it to 30%, 50% of the population”以及句意“应用”可知应填apply，此处为不定式作宾语。故选A。 10．考查形容词。句意：造成这种情况的原因尚不清楚，但似乎涉及遗传和环境因素的复杂相互作用。根据“interplay of genetic and environmental factors”以及句意“复杂”可知应填形容词complicated，作定语修饰名词interplay。故选C。 (23-24高二下·上海敬业中学·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there one word more than you need. A．avoid       B．diligent      C． flexible     D．guidance      E. imagination F. independent G. initiative  H. prospects     I. pursue       J. ruin          K. unrealistic Why don’t you get a proper job? Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious. They are optimistic about their 1 , but their career ideas are rather vague. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is boring but pays the bills. Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to 2 traditionally female careers such as nursing. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. But the world has changed. The global economy is not kind to yesterday’s 3 and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 4 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of adventure, to be made up as she goes along, is not necessarily being 5 . However, she has to have the training and 6 to help her develop the right skills for today’s market; not the rigid (死板的) preparation for a workplace that disappeared 20 years ago. So what is to be done? Agood first step would be to change the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less 7 and more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills at just the time that the employment market is going in the opposite direction. Accurate, up-to-date information on new jobs and qualifications can help guidance counsellors to help their students. Young people need solid information on the sort of training they need to 8 the career of their dreams. Also, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes. Once we’ve done that, it’s easier to see how important it is that they learn how to be 9 and resourceful. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, 10 is a terrible thing to waste. 【答案】 1．H 2．A 3．B 4．G 5．K 6．D 7．C 8．I 9．F 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何帮助青少年在当今快速变化的就业市场中找到自己的定位，发展适合市场的技能，并鼓励他们勇敢地追求自己的梦想。 1．考查名词。句意：他们对自己的前景很乐观，但他们的职业理想却相当模糊。由上文“Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious”可知，句子表示“他们对自己的前景很乐观”，空格处意为“前景”，是prospect，要用复数，故选H。 2．考查不定式。句意：近一半的受访男孩希望他们的爱好能让他们找到合适的工作，而大多数女孩似乎决心避免从事护士等传统的女性职业。由上文“Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to”可知，句子表示“近一半的受访男孩希望他们的爱好能让他们找到合适的工作，而大多数女孩似乎决心避免从事护士等传统的女性职业”，空格处意为“避免”，是avoid，be determined to do是固定短语，意为“下定决心做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故选A。 3．考查形容词。句意：全球经济对昔日勤奋可靠的工人并不友好。由下文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious”可知，句子表示“全球经济对昔日勤奋可靠的工人并不友好”，空格处意为“勤奋的”，是diligent，故选B。 4．考查名词。句意：未来属于思维敏捷、足智多谋、雄心勃勃、能采取主动的人。由上文“resourceful, ambitious”可知，句子表示“未来属于思维敏捷，能采取主动的人”，空格处意为“主动性，积极性”，用名词作宾语，是initiative，take the initiative是固定短语，意为“采取主动”，故选G。 5．考查形容词。句意：这意味着，一个14岁的女孩把自己的工作未来视为一种冒险，可以随着她的发展而改变，这并不一定是不现实的。由上文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the __4__”可知，句子表示“一个14岁的女孩把自己的工作未来视为一种冒险，可以随着她的发展而改变，这并不一定是不现实的”，空格处意为“不现实的”，是unrealistic，故选K。 6．考查名词。句意：然而，她必须接受培训和指导，以帮助她发展适合当今市场的技能;而不是20年前消失的那种死板的职场准备。由上文“she has to have the training and”和下文“to help her develop the right skills for today’s market”可知，句子表示“她必须接受培训和指导”，空格处意为“指导”，是guidance，是不可数名词，故选D。 7．考查形容词。句意：教育体系正变得越来越不灵活，越来越注重传统技能，而与此同时，就业市场正朝着相反的方向发展。由下文“more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills”可知，句子表示“教育体系正变得越来越不灵活”，空格处意为“灵活的”，是flexible，故选C。 8．考查不定式。句意：年轻人需要关于他们追求梦想的职业所需的培训的可靠信息。由下文“the career of their dreams”可知，句子表示“年轻人需要关于他们追求梦想的职业所需的培训的可靠信息”，空格处意为“追求”，是pursue，空格处用不定式表目的，故选I。 9．考查形容词。句意：一旦我们做到了这一点，就更容易看出他们学会如何独立和足智多谋是多么重要。由上文“The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes”可知，句子表示“他们学会如何独立”，空格处意为“独立的”，是independent，故选F。 10．考查名词。句意：在一个几乎不向任何人提供经济保障的世界里，浪费想象力是一件可怕的事情。由上文“Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now”可知，句子表示“浪费想象力是一件可怕的事情”，空格处意为“想象力”，是imagination，是不可数名词，故选E。 (22-23高二下·上海复旦附中·期末) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．technical   B．attributed   C． confined   D．observations   E. sensation   F. totaling   G. anticipatory H. consistent   I. precisely   J. suspicious   K. attached For centuries, people have described unusual animal behavior just ahead of seismic (地震的) events: dogs barking endlessly, cows halting their milk, toads leaping from ponds. A few researchers have tried to prove a link, but most such attempts have relied largely on anecdotes and single 1 . Now researchers at the University of Konstanz, along with a multinational team of colleagues, say they have managed to 2 measure increased activity in a group of farm animals prior to seismic activity. During separate periods 3 about four months in 2016 and 2017, the researchers 4 these highly sensitive biologgers and GPS sensors, which can record accelerated movements in any direction, to six cows, five sheep and two dogs living on a farm in an earthquake-prone area of northern Italy to keep track of the activities and the nervousness of animals. “Only now can we do continuous biologging,” says study co-author Martin Wikelski. “Because the 5 possibilities are finally there.” The paper’s statistical analysis showed animals’ activity significantly increased before magnitude 3.8 or greater earthquakes when they were housed together in a stable — but not when they were out to pasture (吃草). Wikelski says this difference could be linked to the increased stress some animals feel in 6 spaces. Analyzing the increased movements as a whole, the researchers claim, showed a clear signal of 7 behavior hours ahead of tremors. Besides, it showed that the farm animals appeared to anticipate quakes anywhere from one to 20 hours ahead, reacting earlier when they were closer to the origin and later when they were farther away. This finding is 8 with a hypothesis that animals somehow sense a signal that spreads outward. It holds that in the days before an earthquake, shifting tectonic plates (地壳板块) squeeze rocks along a fault line, causing the rocks to release minerals that force ions into the air, and then the animals react to this novel 9 . Not involved with the new study, Wendy Bohon, a geologist from Washington, D．C．, is 10 of the air ionization idea. Heiko Woith, a geologist at GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, says the time frame was still too short and points out that limited data collection in many studies makes it impossible to determine whether a measured signal was related to a quake or was simply noise. 【答案】 1．D 2．I 3．F 4．K 5．A 6．C 7．G 8．H 9．E 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是研究人员成功测量到地震前农场动物活动的增加。他们使用生物记录器和GPS传感器跟踪动物的活动，并发现地震前它们的活动显著增加，该理论支持了动物能够在地震前感知信号的假设。然而，一些地质学家对此持怀疑态度，因为之前的研究数据收集有限。 1．考查名词。句意：一些研究人员试图证明两者之间的联系，但大多数这样的尝试主要依赖于轶事和单一的观察。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，此处表示“观察”用observation，此处表示复数意义，与前文的anecdotes构成并列结构。故选D。 2．考查副词。句意：现在康斯坦茨大学(University of Konstanz)的研究人员和一个由多国同事组成的团队表示，他们已经成功地在地震活动之前精确测量了一组农场动物体内活动的增加。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，修饰动词measure。precisely意为“精确地”符合句意。故选I。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在2016年和2017年的不同时间段，研究人员将这些高灵敏度的生物记录器和GPS传感器安装在意大利北部一个地震多发区的一个农场上的六头牛、五只羊和两只狗身上，以跟踪动物的活动和紧张程度。分析句子，第四空为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，total意为“总计”，periods与其是主动关系，故使用现在分词作后置定语进行修饰。故选F。 4．考查动词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。attach意为“附着，连接”，根据后文的“these highly sensitive biologgers and GPS sensors”可知，此处指出将这些高灵敏度的生物记录器和GPS传感器安装在意大利北部一个地震多发区的一个农场上的六头牛、五只羊和两只狗身上，故attach符合句意。故选K。 5．考查形容词。句意：“只有现在我们才能进行连续的生物学记录，”该研究的合著者马丁·威克尔斯基说。“因为技术上的可能性终于出现了。”分析句子以及根据前文Only now can we do continuous biologging可知，设空处使用形容词technical 作定语，修饰名词possibilities，意为“技术的”。因为技术上的可能性出现了，所以才能够进行持续性的生物学记录。故选A。 6．考查形容词。句意：威克尔斯基说，这种差异可能与一些动物在密闭空间中感受到的压力增加有关。分析句子，设空处使用形容词confined作定语，修饰名词，意为“狭窄的”，同时根据前文的“when they were housed together in a stable”可知，地震发生前，当这些动物被关在一起的，故动物在密闭的空间中感受到压力的增加。故选C。 7．考查形容词。句意：研究人员称，从整体上分析这些增加的动作，可以在地震发生前几个小时显示出预期行为的清晰信号。分析句子，设空处使用形容词anticipatory作定语，修饰名词behavior，意为“预期的”，符合语境。故选G。 8．考查形容词。句意：这一发现与一种假设相一致，即动物以某种方式感知到向外传播的信号。根据前文“Besides, it showed that the farm animals appeared to anticipate quakes anywhere from one to 20 hours ahead, reacting earlier when they were closer to the origin and later when they were farther away.(此外，它还表明，农场里的动物似乎能提前1到20小时预测到地震，离震源近的时候反应早，离震源远的时候反应晚)”以及后文的“a hypothesis that animals somehow sense a signal that spreads outward.(一种假设，动物以某种方式感知到向外传播的信号)”可知，该发现与之前的假设是一致的。分析句子，设空处使用形容词consistent 作表语，意为“一致的”。故选H。 9．考查名词。句意：该理论认为，在地震发生前的几天，移动的构造板块沿着断层线挤压岩石，导致岩石释放矿物质，将离子释放到空气中，然后动物对这种新感觉做出反应。根据前文“the rocks to release minerals”可知，在地震发生前的几天分析句子，导致岩石释放矿物质，动物对这种释放的新感觉是有反应的。同时，分析句子，设空处使用名词sensation作宾语，意为“感知，感觉”，符合语境。故选E。 10．考查形容词。句意：来自华盛顿特区的地质学家Wendy Bohon没有参与这项新研究，她对空气电离的观点持怀疑态度。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，根据后文的“Heiko Woith, a geologist at GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, says the time frame was still too short and points out that limited data collection in many studies makes it impossible to determine whether a measured signal was related to a quake or was simply noise.( 德国地球科学研究中心的地质学家Heiko Woith,说，时间框架仍然太短，并指出许多研究中有限的数据收集使得无法确定测量到的信号是与地震有关还是仅仅是噪音)”指出了该理论的局限性，即在许多研究中有限的数据收集使得无法确定测量到的信号是与地震有关还是仅仅是噪音，因此对该理论是持有怀疑的态度。suspicious为形容词，意为“怀疑的”，符合句意。故选J。 (22-23高二下·上海上海中学·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．finances  B．continued  C． decline   D．addressing  E. pressured  AB．unneedy AC． giving  AD．charges  AE. tempered  BC． skipping  BD．cause How to Check Out a Charity Before You Donate You hear the words “childhood disease” or “natural disaster,” and it can be hard to say no to donation requests to help. But your instinct to be generous always should be 1 by a healthy dose of doubt. The recent crackdown launched by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) on four cancer charities a good reminder to make sure your donations are put to good use. So how can you make sure that the money you give doesn’t end up lining the pockets of the 2 ? Follow these tips. Hang up on telemarketers. The cancer charities charged with fraud by the FTC used telemarketing calls to raise donations. If you get a call from a group asking for money, you might feel 3 to make a donation on the spot. But the FTC cautions that you shouldn’t rush to say yes but 4 any requests to give over the phone. Telemarketing companies often keep a significant portion of the funds they raise. You’re better off 5 the middleman and contacting a charity directly to make a donation. Don’t wait for charities to come to you. To avoid feeling the pressure to give to an organization that reaches out to you, figure out what 6 is important to you. Then find charities that are 7 it. You can browse charities that have been evaluated by Charity Navigator by category to identify groups you want to support. Having a(n) 8 plan will make it easier to avoid making impulse donations. Research before you give. The FTC 9 against the four cancer charities shows that just because an organization claims to do good doesn’t mean it actually does. That’s why it’s important to find out as much as you can about how an organization will use your donation before you give. You can start with third-party evaluations and ratings at sites such as Charity Navigator and Charity Watch, which examine charities’ 10 , governance and effectiveness. 【答案】 1．AE 2．AB 3．E 4．C 5．BC 6．BD 7．D 8．AC 9．AD 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何在捐赠前检查慈善机构。 1．考查动词。句意：但你慷慨大方的本能总是应该被适量的怀疑所缓和。根据句意可知，此处表示“使缓和”，应用动词temper，与主语your instinct是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，与空前should be构成被动语态。故选AE。 2．考查形容词。句意：那么，你怎样才能确保你捐出的钱不会落入那些不需要的人的口袋呢？根据句意可知，此处表示“不需要的”，应用形容词unneedy，与the联用，表示一类人。故选AB。 3．考查形容词。句意：如果你接到一个要钱的团体打来的电话，你可能会感到有压力，不得不当场捐款。根据句意可知，此处表示“感到有压力的”，应用形容词pressured，作表语。故选E。 4．考查动词。句意：但联邦贸易委员会警告说，你不应该急于答应，但拒绝任何通过电话提供的请求。根据句意可知，此处表示“拒绝”，应用decline，与say并列，应用动词原形。故选C。 5．考查动词。句意：你最好跳过中间商，直接联系慈善机构进行捐赠。根据句意可知，此处表示“跳过”，应用动词skip，固定搭配be better off doing sth.“做某事较好”。故选BC。 6．考查名词。句意：为了避免给一个接触你的组织带来压力，弄清楚什么对你来说是重要的。然后找到资助它的慈善机构。根据句意可知，此处表示“原因”，应用名词cause。故选BD。 7．考查动词。句意：然后找到解决这个问题的慈善机构。根据句意可知，此处表示“解决”，应用动词address，与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，与are构成现在进行时。故选D。 8．考查名词。句意：有一个捐赠计划会让你更容易避免冲动捐赠。根据句意可知，此处表示“捐赠”，应用名词giving，修饰名词plan，作定语。故选AC。 9．考查名词。句意：联邦贸易委员会对四家癌症慈善机构的指控表明，仅仅因为一个组织声称做好事并不意味着它真的在做好事。根据句意可知，此处表示“指控”，应用名词charge，由空后against the four cancer charities可知，指控大于一，应用名词复数形式。故选AD。 10．考查名词。句意：你可以从慈善导航员和慈善观察等网站上的第三方评估和评级开始，这些网站会检查慈善机构的财务、管理和效率。根据句意可知，此处表示“财务”，应用名词finance，表示财务情况时，常用复数形式。故选A。 (22-23高二下·上海徐汇区·期末) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．comprehensive B．spread C． impact D．incredible E. observed F. compared G. success H. firmly I. combination J. heavily K. motivate A new report by the World Health Organization (WHO) reveals that around one in a hundred deaths worldwide is due to passive smoking, which kills an estimated 600,000 people a year. In the first study to assess the global 1 of second-hand smoke, WHO experts find that children are more 2 exposed to second-hand smoke than any other age-group, and around 165,000 of them a year die because of it. Children’s exposure to second-hand smoke is most likely to happen at home, and the double blow of infectious diseases and tobacco seems to be a deadly 3 for children in these regions. Commenting on the findings, Heather Wipfli and Jonathan Samet from the University of Southern California, said policymakers try to 4 families to stop smoking in the home. While deaths due to passive smoking in children were skewed (曲解) toward poor and middle-income countries, deaths in adults were 5 across countries at all income levels. In Europe’s high-income countries, only 71 child deaths occurred, while 35,388 deaths were in adults. Yet in the countries like Africa, an estimated 43,375 deaths due to passive smoking were in children 6 with 9,514 in adults. Only 7.4 percent of the world population currently lives in places with 7 smoke-free laws, and those laws are not always 8 enforced (施行). In places where smoke-free rules are 9 , research shows that exposure to second-hand smoke in high-risk places like bars and restaurants can be cut by 90 percent, and in general by 60 percent, the researchers said. Studies also show such laws help to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers and lead to higher 10 rates in those trying to quit. 【答案】 1．C 2．J 3．I 4．K 5．B 6．F 7．A 8．H 9．E 10．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了二手烟的危害以及制定无烟法律的影响。 1．考查名词。句意：在第一项评估二手烟全球影响的研究中，世界卫生组织专家发现，儿童遭受二手烟的影响比任何其他年龄群体的人更严重，其中每年约有165000人死于二手烟。根据空前的形容词global，空处应用名词作宾语。根据“children are more 　　2　　exposed to second-hand smoke than any other age-group, and around 165,000 of them a year die because of it”可知，这里是说二手烟的影响。impact“影响”符合题意。故选C。 2．考查副词。句意参考上题。空处应用副词作状语修饰动词exposed。根据“around 165,000 of them a year die because of it”，这里是说儿童遭受二手烟的影响严重。heavily“严重地，大量地”符合题意。故选J。 3．考查名词。句意：儿童接触二手烟最有可能发生在家里，传染病和烟草的双重打击似乎是这些地区儿童的致命组合。根据空前的a，这里应用名词单数形式。根据“the double blow of infectious diseases and tobacco”，这里是说传染病和烟草的组合。combination“结合体，结合”符合题意。故选I。 4．考查动词。句意：南加州大学的Heather Wipfli和Jonathan Samet在评论这一发现时表示，政策制定者试图激励家庭在家里戒烟。try to do sth.意为“试图做某事”，所以空处应用动词原形。根据空后的“to stop smoking in the home”，这里是说激励这些家庭停止在家吸烟。motivate“激励”符合题意。故选K。 5．考查动词。句意：尽管儿童因被动吸烟而死亡的情况倾向于在贫穷和中等收入国家，但成年人的死亡分布在各个收入水平的国家。根据空前的were，空处应用动词的过去分词形式，构成一般过去时的被动语态。根据空后的“across countries at all income levels”，这里是说成年人的死亡分布在各个收入水平的国家。spread“使分散，使分布”为动词，其过去式和过去分词均为spread。故选B。 6．考查动词。句意：然而，在非洲等国家，与成年人9514的死亡人数相比，估计有43375名儿童死于被动吸烟。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词，在句中作状语。compared with意为“与……相比”，符合题意。故选F。 7．考查形容词。句意：目前，世界上只有7.4%的人口生活在有全面无烟法律的地方，而这些法律并不总是得到严格执行。根据空后的“smoke-free laws”，空处应用形容词作定语，表示全面无烟的法律。comprehensive“全面的”符合题意。故选A。 8．考查副词。句意参考上题。空处应用副词作状语修饰enforced。根据空前的“are not always”，这里是说这些全面无烟的法律并不总是得到严格的执行。firmly“坚定地”符合题意。故选H。 9．考查动词。句意：研究人员表示，在遵守无烟规定的地方，研究表明在酒吧和餐馆等高风险场所二手烟接触可以减少90%，而一般情况下是减少60%。根据空前的are，空处应用动词的过去分词形式，构成一般现在时的被动语态。根据“research shows that exposure to second-hand smoke in high-risk places like bars and restaurants can be cut by 90 percent”，这里是说在遵守无烟规定的地方可以有效减少二手烟的接触，observed“遵守”符合题意。故选E。 10．考查名词。句意：研究还表明，这些法律有助于减少吸烟者吸烟的数量，并提高戒烟者的成功率。根据空后的rates，这里应用名词，作定语。根据“help to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers”和“in those trying to quit”，这里是说这些法律可以减少吸烟，提高戒烟者戒烟的成功率。success“成功”符合题意。故选G。 (22-23高二下·上海嘉定区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．appearances B．imitating C． distinguish D．isolate E. advantageous F. diverse G. identical H. criterion I. markings J. poisonous K. threatening Why different species start looking exactly the same Is it better to stand out from the crowd or be similar to the background? For birds, the answer is complicated. While peacocks(孔雀) show off their brightly colored feathers to attract mates and ward off predators(捕食者), other birds find it 1 to hide themselves by imitating the looks of other birds. Groups of birds flying together often come from the same species, making it hard to 2 one from another. However, some groups of birds including two or more species take on similar 3 , which is an uncommon phenomenon. “They all share random features, like feathers on head or yellow bellies(腹部), which makes them almost 4 . You can’t really tell them apart without looking at their 5 .” says Scott Robinson, a famous scholar. His new study suggests 6 another bird’s appearance is not a coincidence(巧合) but rather an evolutionary method to increase their chances of survival. Looking like a bird from a dominant species helps reduce attack from other members and appear more 7 to potential predators. “In imitation, you often want to look like something because there’s an advantage to being that other thing. You want species to think you’re 8 or low-profitable target.” says Rebecca Kimball, a professor of biology. “In grouping birds, one idea is that this has more to do with a predator’s ability to 9 a target. When there are a group of birds moving around, it may be easier for predators to identify an individual that has a distinct color pattern.” While it may not seem like it at first, imitating other birds is helping to create more 10 species. Not only do birds imitate more than one species as they grow up, but their appearance varies over time. 【答案】 1．E 2．C 3．A 4．G 5．I 6．B 7．K 8．J 9．D 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了不同物种模仿其他物种特征的原因。 1．考查形容词。句意：虽然孔雀炫耀其色彩鲜艳的羽毛来吸引配偶和抵御捕食者，但其他鸟类则发现通过模仿别的鸟类的外表来隐藏自己是有利的。“find it+adj.+to do sth.”是固定句型，所以空处应用形容词作宾补。根据“While peacocks(孔雀) show off their brightly colored feathers to attract mates and ward off predators(捕食者)”，While引导让步状语从句，所以这里与上文形成转折，表示的是虽然孔雀展示自己色彩鲜艳的羽毛，但其他鸟类发现模仿别的鸟类外表是有利的。advantageous意为“有利的，有好处的”。故选E。 2．考查动词。句意：成群的鸟类经常来自同一物种，使得很难区分彼此。根据空前的不定式符号to，这里应用动词原形。根据空后的“one from another”，这里是说难以区分彼此。distinguish意为“区分，辨别”。故选C。 3．考查名词。句意：然而，有两个或两个以上物种的一些鸟类群体具有相似的外观，这是一种罕见的现象。根据空前的“similar”可知，这里应用名词作宾语。根据下文中的“They all share random features”，这里是说这些鸟的外表相似。appearance意为“外表”，此处不止一只鸟的外表，应用复数。故选A。 4．考查形容词。句意：它们都有随机的特征，比如头上的羽毛或黄色的腹部，这使它们几乎完全相同。“make+宾语+宾补”是固定结构，分析句子结构，这里应用形容词作宾补。根据下文中的“You can’t really tell them apart”，这里是说这些鸟看起来几乎一样。identical意为“完全同样的，相同的”。故选G。 5．考查名词。句意：如果不看它们的标记，你就无法真正区分它们。根据空前的their，空处应用名词作宾语。根据空前的“without looking at their”，这里是说如果不看这些鸟的标记，就不能把它们区分开，“标记”为名词marking，表示不止一个标记，应用复数。故选I。 6．考查动名词。句意：他的新研究表明，模仿另一只鸟的外表并不是巧合，而是一种增加它们生存机会的进化方法。根据空后的“another bird’s appearance”和第一段中的“by imitating the looks of other birds”，这里是说模仿另一只鸟的外表。imitate意为“模仿”，分析句子结构，suggests后面是一个宾语从句，空处作主语，应用动名词形式imitating。故选B。 7．考查形容词。句意：看起来像一只优势种类的鸟有助于减少其他成员的攻击，并显得对潜在的捕食者更有威胁。空处应用形容词，作appear的表语。根据句中的“Looking like a bird from a dominant species helps reduce attack from other members”，这里是说外表像优势种类的鸟可以看起来对潜在的捕食者更有威胁。threatening意为“威胁的”。故选K。 8．考查形容词。句意：你想让物种认为你是有毒的或好处少的目标。根据空前的you’re，空处应用形容词作表语。根据or后的low-profitable，前后表达的特征相近，这种特征可以让捕食者打消猎捕的念头，所以让对方认为有毒可以达到目的。poisonous意为“有毒的”。故选J。 9．考查动词。句意：在对鸟类进行分组时，一种想法是，这更多地与捕食者找出目标的能力有关。空前有不定式符号to，所以空处应用动词原形。根据下文中的“it may be easier for predators to identify an individual that has a distinct color pattern”，捕食者更容易识别有不同特征的鸟，即有找出目标的能力。isolate意为“将……剔出（以便看清和单独处理）”。故选D。 10．考查形容词。句意：虽然一开始可能看起来不像，但模仿其他鸟类有助于创造更多样化的物种。根据空前的more和空后的species，这里应用形容词作定语，修饰名词species。根据下文中的“their appearance varies over time”，这里是说模仿有助于创造出更加多样的物种。diverse意为“多样化的”。故选F。 (23-24高二下·上海复旦附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．exported        B．dumping        C． equity       D．driven   E. bumping     F. share    G. unfounded     H. simply   I. projected     J. obsessed     K. supposedly Taking a Wrong Turn The word “overcapacity” has recently gained attention after US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen claimed that China has caused “overcapacity” in the new energy sector, including electric vehicles(EVs) and lithium batteries (锂电池). 1 put, “overcapacity”, in Yellen’s words, refers to producing too many goods, which could lead to global price distortions and affect businesses and workers in other countries. However, this viewpoint is 2 and lacks evidence. Contrary to concerns about “overcapacity”, global production in the new energy sector is actually at “undercapacity” — production is insufficient to meet demand. Data from the International Energy Agency showed that global demand for new energy vehicles(NEVs)is 3 to reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels. The idea that China has 4 new energy products at low prices is also incorrect. Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China, and despite this, their sales continue to grow rapidly. Even the US magazine The Atlantic admitted, “Chinese electric vehicles are cheap, stylish, and high quality… Instead, the White House is going out of its way to keep Chinese EVs out of the US.” These observations indicate that the pricing and sales of new energy products are 5   by international market supply and demand, rather than being only affected by the so-called “overcapacity” caused by China. Moreover, China’s over 60 percent 6 of the global power battery market comes from its focus on technological innovation and high-quality production, not low-cost 7 . “The purpose of technological innovation has never been to widen global differences,” Zeng Yuqun, founder and CEO of CATL, a leading company in new energy innovative technologies, told 21st Century Business Herald. “For China’s power batteries, technological innovation has 8 progress; green development has sustained growth, and technological 9 is the goal,” Zeng added. While China focuses on innovation and quality, the US is 10 with a “100-percent Made in America” goal. The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal. 【答案】 1．H 2．G 3．K 4．A 5．D 6．F 7．B 8．I 9．E 10．J 【导语】这是一篇议论文。讲述了美国财政部长珍妮特·耶伦声称中国造成了包括电动汽车和锂电池在内的新能源领域的“产能过剩”。针对这一问题，作者从全球新能源产品市场经济、全球动力电池技术以及技术创新的目的等方面阐述了“产能过剩”这一论点的毫无根据可言。 1．考查副词。句意：简单地说，用耶伦的话来说，“产能过剩”是指生产过多的商品，这可能导致全球价格扭曲，并影响其他国家的企业和工人。分析句子可知，空格处需要副词充当状语修饰动词put，表示的意思是“简单地”，simply符合句意。故选H项。 2．考查形容词。句意：然而，这种观点是没有根据的，也缺乏证据。分析句子可知，空格处为表语，根据后文的lacks evidence，可知此处缺少的意思是“毫无根据的”，unfounded符合句意。故选G项。 3．考查副词。句意：国际能源署的数据显示，到2030年，全球对新能源汽车的需求预计将达到4500万辆，是2022年水平的4.5倍。根据后文“reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels”可知，这是一种预测，空格处缺少的意思是“据推测”，supposedly符合句意。故选K项。 4．考查动词。句意：认为中国以低价出口新能源产品的观点也是不正确的。根据后文“Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China”可知，空格处表示的意思是“出口”，exported符合句意。故选A项。 5．考查动词。句意：这些观察结果表明，新能源产品的定价和销售是由国际市场供求驱动的，而不仅仅受到所谓的中国“产能过剩”的影响。根据常识可知，市场决定了产品的价格和销售。结合句意及后文“affected by(受……影响)”可知，空格处需要的意思是“驱动，驱使”，driven符合句意。故选D项。 6．考查名词。句意：此外，中国在全球动力电池市场超过60%的份额来自于其对技术创新和高质量生产的关注，而不是低成本倾销。根据“the global power battery market”可知，空格处为“份额”，share符合句意。故选F项。 7．考查动名词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处的意思是“倾销”，dumping符合句意。故选B项。 8．考查动词。句意：“对于中国的动力电池来说，技术创新预示着进步；绿色发展持续增长，技术进步是我们的目标，”Zeng说。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语部分，需要的意思是“预示着，预计”， projected符合句意。故选I项。 9．考查动名词。句意同上题。根据上文“green development has sustained growth”可知，我们的目标是技术进步，bumping“颠簸行进”符合句意。故选E项。 10．考查动词。句意：当中国专注于创新和质量时，美国却痴迷于“100%美国制造”的目标。根据下文“The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal.”可知，美国痴迷于“100%美国制造”的目标，be obsessed with“痴迷于”，obsessed符合句意。故选J项。 (23-24高二下·上海闵行区·期末) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．focused     B．labels     C． contributes     D．accident    E. duly    F. present G. rarely    H. tricks    I. available    J. equipped    K. attempt     This Is Why Most Grocery Stores Lack Windows When you’re grocery shopping, have you noticed that supermarkets often lack windows, and if they have them, they’re only at the front of the store? You may 1 pay attention to the architectural features of the building because you’re there to shop for food, not admire the layout. But that’s the point. If grocery stores had windows, would it be easier to ignore your main shopping task? There are all sorts of supermarket 2 grocery stores have to keep you shopping longer. It’s no 3 that grocery stores often lack windows and there are a few reasons behind this trend. One of them is a (n) 4 to keep people inside longer. Stores want to create a separate environment within their store where the outside world doesn’t exist. In spite of the rain or sunshine, your attention remains 5 . The technique also prevents shoppers from noticing it’s getting dark out. It really 6 to an immersive (沉浸式的) shopping experience, for better or worse. Keeping daylight out of stores can help preserve the products, as some fresh produce can go bad faster in direct sunlight. Too much sun exposure can even cause packaging 7 to fade. Having windows in stores would also reduce the space 8 to display products. Not to mention, 9 with strong structural supports, outside walls can hold the heavier items on the shelves of those walls. Due to the high cost of constructing windows and storefronts, along with the potential security risks they probably 10 , retailers (零售商) choose to minimize the number of entry points into their space in order to cut expenses and improve safety. 【答案】 1．G 2．H 3．D 4．K 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．I 9．J 10．F 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。主要通过阐述和解释为什么大多数超市缺乏窗户的现象，探讨了超市设计背后的意图、对顾客行为的影响、以及实际操作中的考虑因素，如商品保护、空间利用、建设和安全成本等。 1．考查副词。句意：你可能很少注意建筑的特征，因为你是去购买食物，而不是欣赏布局。根据上下文理解，此处表达的是购物时人们通常不太会关注超市的建筑设计，因此用副词rarely“很少”，作状语，修饰动词短语pay attention to。故选G。 2．考查名词。句意：超市里有各种各样的小窍门可以让你购物的时间更长。这里指超市为了吸引顾客长时间购物而采取的各种策略或手段，因此选用trick“技巧，把戏”的复数形式tricks，all sorts of supermarket tricks作主语。故选H。 3．考查名词。句意：超市往往没有窗户并非偶然，这背后有几个原因。此处表达的是这是一种有意为之的设计，并非偶然情况，所以选择accident“偶然的事，意外遭遇”，作表语。故选D。 4．考查名词。句意：其中之一就是试图让人们在里面待得更久。此处需要一个名词来表达“尝试”或“努力”的意思，结合空前的an可知，用单数形式，因此选用attempt“尝试，试图，努力”，作表语。故选K。 5．考查形容词。句意：不管外面下雨或晴天，你的注意力依然集中。这里描述的是超市设计意图使顾客保持专注于购物，所以选用focused“注意力集中的”，作表语。故选A。 6．考查动词时态、主谓一致。句意：这一技术确实有助于营造一种沉浸式的购物体验，无论好坏。本句表经常性、习惯性动作，故时态用一般现在时，此处需要动词来表达“有助于”之意，且主语It为第三人称单数，因此选择contribute的第三人称单数contributes，作谓语，contribute to“有助于”为固定搭配。故选C。 7．考查名词。句意：过多的阳光照射甚至会导致包装标签褪色。这里提到的是阳光直射对商品包装的影响，特别是包装上的“标签”，且“标签”不止一个，因此选用label“标签”的复数形式labels，packaging label“包装标签”。故选B。 8．考查形容词。句意：在商店里开窗也会减少可用于展示产品的空间。这里是指在商店里开窗会导致可用于展示商品的空间会减少，选用available“可利用的”，作后置定语。故选I。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：更不用说，配备了坚固的结构支撑，外墙可以容纳那些墙壁上架子上较重的物品。这里用来描述外墙配备以强大支撑结构的特点，equip“配备，装备”，本句谓语为can hold，此处为非谓语动词，与outside walls为被动关系，用过去分词，作状语，因此选用equipped。故选J。 10．考查动词时态、主谓一致。句意：由于建造橱窗和店面的高成本，以及它们可能存在的潜在安全风险，零售商选择尽量减少进入其空间的入口数量，以削减开支并提高安全性。本句表经常性、习惯性动作，故时态用一般现在时，“they probably ____”为定语从句，修饰先行词the potential security risks，空格部分为从句的谓语，表达“呈现、造成、存在”，主语为they，谓语用动词原形，选用present。故选F。 (23-24高二下·上海华二附中·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．day-trippers        B．enthusiasts          C． exploring         D．first-tier        E. guided F. inclusive      G. interacting    H. potential   I. rhyme       J. tailored    K. trending Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely walk through the streets—this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city. Citywalk can be a(n) 1 trip tailor-made for a small group of people organized by a travel agency, or simply a leisurely walk for once or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more 2 experience of the places you visit. That is to say, you are given the freedom to explore endless possibilities. Hashtags (话题标签) and keywords for Citywalk are currently 3 across multiple Chinese social media platforms, as more and more people look to share their experiences and thoughts online. In China, the Citywalk trend is spreading from 4 cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third-tier cities, encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved. Some organizers invite folk culture 5 to act as tour guides. Xiao Yiyi is a young entrepreneur (创业者) based in Changsha 6 new possibilities in the tourism sector. Recently she launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to walk in “open-air museums”, an approach for young people to 7 with a city. Xiao Yiyi said her events usually last around half a day. Beijing and Shandong have included Citywalk in their plans to promote cultural tourism and leisure tours. Shanghai has established Citywalk routes using public bus routes to help 8 reach more remote districts by public transport and continue on foot. Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon, industry insiders say that its 9 is huge. Many tour guides also try to expand their influence online, sharing their experiences to attract potential customers. Citywalk is offerıng a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences that correspond with their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides to offer a more 10 , professional service to meet with ever-changing market demands. 【答案】 1．E 2．F 3．K 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．G 8．A 9．H 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了年轻人探索城市的旅游新趋势——城市漫步。 1．考查形容词。句意：Citywalk可以是由旅行社组织的为一小群人量身定制的有导游的旅行，也可以是一到两个人的悠闲散步，探索新地区，坚持要点：避开著名景点和拥挤的人群，以获得更全面的体验。Citywalk可以是由旅行社为少数人定制的旅行，这种旅行通常是有导游的，所以应该选择guided这个词，表示“有导游的”，作前置定语，修饰名词trip。故选E。 2．考查形容词。句意：Citywalk可以是由旅行社组织的为一小群人量身定制的有导游的旅行，也可以是一到两个人的悠闲散步，探索新地区，坚持要点：避开著名景点和拥挤的人群，以获得更全面的体验。结合上文提到的避免著名景点和人群，目的是为了获得更范围广泛的游览体验。用形容词inclusive“包容广阔的，范围广泛的”，作前置定语，修饰名词experience。故选F。 3．考查动词时态。句意：随着越来越多的人希望在网上分享他们的经历和想法，Citywalk的标签和关键词目前在多个中国社交媒体平台上流行起来。这里描述的是城市漫步在社交媒体上的流行趋势，因此用动词trend“倾向，趋势”的ing形式，与空前的are构成现在进行时。故选K。 4．考查形容词。句意：在中国，城市漫步的趋势正从北京和上海等一线城市蔓延到二三线城市，鼓励更多参与者和活动组织者参与进来。这里指的是像北京、上海这样的大城市，因此用first-tier“一线的，顶尖的”，作前置定语，修饰名词cities。故选D。 5．考查名词。句意：一些组织者邀请民俗文化爱好者充当导游。这里需要一个名词来指代对民俗文化有热情的人，因此用enthusiast“爱好者”的复数形式enthusiasts，作invite的宾语。故选B。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：肖伊伊是长沙的一位年轻企业家，正在旅游业中探索新的可能性。根据后文的new possibilities可知，这里描述的是肖伊伊正在做的动作，即探索新机会，且is为本句系动词，本空用非谓语动词，因此用explore“探索”的现在分词，作状语。故选C。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，她在自己的社交媒体账户上推出了六条不同城市的Citywalk路线，旨在为游客提供在“露天博物馆”中行走的体验，这是年轻人与城市互动的一种方式。an approach to doing sth.“做某事的方法”，to为介词。这里指的是年轻人通过这种方式与城市互动，且空前的to为介词，用interact“互动”的动名词interacting。故选G。 8．考查名词。句意：上海已经利用公交线路设立了城市漫步路线，帮助一日游游客通过公共交通工具到达更偏远的地区，然后继续步行。这里需要一个名词指代参与城市漫步活动的人，因此用day-tripper“一日游游客”的复数形式，作help的宾语。故选A。 9．考查名词。句意：尽管城市漫步是一个相对较新的现象，但业内内部人士表示，其潜力巨大。这里讨论的是城市漫步未来的发展空间，其潜力巨大，因此用名词potential“潜力”，作that引导的宾语从句的主语。故选H。 10．考查形容词。句意：与此同时，Citywalk也为导游提供了一个机会，让他们能够提供更专门的、更专业的服务，以满足不断变化的市场需求。结合上下文，这里描述的是导游服务的特点，与“专业服务”并列，并符合上下文对个性化体验的强调，用形容词tailored“专门的，订做的”，作前置定语，修饰名词service。故选J。 (22-23高二下·上海杨浦区·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．threat   B．originally   C． defense   D．reduced   E. potential   F. destructive G. unintentionally   H. enormous   I. released   J. astronomical   K. adapted Our Unwelcome Guests If you picnic in a Texas park, chances are that you'll encounter fire ants -- a troublesome pest renowned for their painful and irritating stings. This invasive (入侵的) species, like many others, is not only annoying but also expensive and   1 . From the vast landscapes of Texas to the exotic shores in China, non-native animals, plants, bacteria and viruses are damaging economies and ecosystems. An invasive species is any kind of living thing that is foreign to a particular ecosystem and causes harm. Sometimes non-native species are imported   2 , like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America. Other times non-native species are purposely brought in. For instance, certain Asian fish species, 3 imported from China to clean fish farms in the U. S., escaped and entered local rivers. Similarly, green iguanas were brought to China as pets, but some irresponsible owners 4 them into the wild. The same thing occurred in Florida with Burmese pythons. The worldwide economic impact of introduced species is   5 . According to U. S. government estimates, invasive species cost the American economy over $120 billion annually. The economic impact of fire ants alone totals in the billions. Various U. S. agencies spend hundreds of millions fighting introduced species such as Asian carp, Africanized bees and Burmese pythons. In southern China, green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems, harming agricultural production and posing a   6 to the native reptile (爬行动物) populations. Invasive species have the   7 to destroy their new habitats by upsetting the local ecosystems. They often lack natural predators (掠食者) in their new environment and out-compete native species for food and other resources. They may even prey on local species. In Florida, for instance, pythons have   8 some regional mammal populations by 90 percent. Additionally, Invasive species can also carry diseases against which local species have no natural   9 , resulting in the extinction of an entire native species. Alarmingly, the National Wildlife Federation in the U. S. reports that, “Invasive species are among the primary dangers to native wildlife. Roughly 42 percent of endangered species are at risk due to invasive species.” Unless people take serious action, the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become 10 . 【答案】 1．F 2．G 3．B 4．I 5．H 6．A 7．E 8．D 9．C 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了入侵物种对生态系统和经济的影响。 1．考查形容词。句意：这种入侵物种不仅令人讨厌，而且代价高昂，具有破坏性。根据上文“is not only annoying but also expensive and”可知，此处需要一个形容词与annoying和expensive并列，destructive“破坏性的”符合句意。故选F。 2．考查副词。句意：有时非本地物种被无意中进口，例如在20世纪30年代，来自南美的货船意外地将火蚁带到了北美。根据下文“like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America(例如在20世纪30年代，来自南美的货船意外地将火蚁带到了北美)”可知，此处需要一个副词修饰动词imported表示“无意地”，unintentionally符合句意。故选G。 3．考查副词。句意：例如，某些亚洲鱼类最初是从中国引进到美国来清理养鱼场的，但后来逃脱并进入了当地的河流。根据下文“imported from China to clean fish farms in the U. S(从中国引进到美国来清理养鱼场)”可知，此处需要一个副词修饰动词imported表示“最初”，originally符合句意。故选B。 4．考查动词的过去分词。句意：同样地，绿鬣蜥被作为宠物带到中国，但一些不负责任的主人将它们放归野外。根据下文“into the wild(进入野外)”可知，空白处应填表示“释放”含义的表达，released“释放”符合句意。故选I。 5．考查形容词。句意：引入物种对世界经济的影响是巨大的。根据下文“According to U. S. government estimates, invasive species cost the American economy over $120 billion annually.(根据美国政府的估计，入侵物种每年给美国经济造成超过1200亿美元的损失)”可知，入侵物种每年给美国经济造成超过1200亿美元的损失，空白处应填表示“巨大的”含义的表达。故选H。 6．考查名词。句意：在中国南方，绿鬣蜥正在破坏灌溉系统，损害农业生产，并对当地爬行动物种群构成威胁。根据上文“In southern China, green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems, harming agricultural production(在中国南方，绿鬣蜥正在破坏灌溉系统，损害农业生产)”可知，此处表示的是绿鬣蜥对农业生产造成的破坏，可推理出下文说的是绿鬣蜥对当地爬行动物种群构成威胁，pose a threat to为固定短语，含义为“对……构成威胁”，符合句意。故选A。 7．考查形容词。句意：入侵物种有可能通过扰乱当地生态系统来摧毁它们的新栖息地。根据下文“to destroy their new habitats(摧毁它们的新栖息地)”可知，入侵物种有扰乱当地生态系统来摧毁它们的新栖息地的可能性，空白处应填表示“潜在的可能性”含义的表达。故选E。 8．考查动词的过去分词。句意：例如，在佛罗里达州，缅甸蟒蛇已经使一些地区的哺乳动物数量减少了90%。根据下文“some regional mammal populations by 90 percent(使一些地区的哺乳动物数量……了90%)”可知，一些地区的哺乳动物数量……了90%，可推理出空白处应填表示“减少”含义的表达。故选D。 9．考查名词。句意：此外，入侵物种还可能携带当地物种没有天然防御能力的疾病，导致整个本土物种灭绝。根据下文“resulting in the extinction of an entire native species(导致整个本土物种灭绝)”可知，入侵物种还可能携带疾病，如果当地物种没有抵御能力的话，可能会导致整个本土物种灭绝。可推理出空白处应填表示“防御”含义的表达，defense符合句意。故选C。 10．考查形容词。句意：除非人们采取严肃行动，否则与入侵物种相关的经济和环境成本将变得天文数字般巨大。根据上文“Unless people take serious action, the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become(除非人们采取严肃行动，否则与入侵物种相关的经济和环境成本将……)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“天文数字般的”含义的表达，astronomical符合句意。故选J。 试卷第22页，共22页 试卷第21页，共22页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题02 选词填空（优选上海名校真题） (23-24高二下·上海宝山区·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．apply    B．broadly    C．complicated    D．downside    E．hardly    F．neighbors G．overburdened    H．pills    I．re-labeling    J．turning    K．worse Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the 1 . Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in five years. There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their 2 . One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain’s poorest households are also 3 off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression. And Britain’s health system can seem more 4 than those in most other rich countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment. Those factors might explain why more people are 5 to medication. Another reason is increased awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is 6 a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable. But there is a 7 to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly 8 common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “You’re going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to 9 it to 30%, 50% of the population,” says Adrian Massey, author of a book called “Sick-Note Britain”. For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe. The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a 10 interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a role. (23-24高二下·上海敬业中学·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there one word more than you need. A．avoid       B．diligent      C． flexible     D．guidance      E. imagination F. independent G. initiative  H. prospects     I. pursue       J. ruin          K. unrealistic Why don’t you get a proper job? Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious. They are optimistic about their 1 , but their career ideas are rather vague. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is boring but pays the bills. Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to 2 traditionally female careers such as nursing. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. But the world has changed. The global economy is not kind to yesterday’s 3 and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 4 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of adventure, to be made up as she goes along, is not necessarily being 5 . However, she has to have the training and 6 to help her develop the right skills for today’s market; not the rigid (死板的) preparation for a workplace that disappeared 20 years ago. So what is to be done? Agood first step would be to change the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less 7 and more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills at just the time that the employment market is going in the opposite direction. Accurate, up-to-date information on new jobs and qualifications can help guidance counsellors to help their students. Young people need solid information on the sort of training they need to 8 the career of their dreams. Also, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes. Once we’ve done that, it’s easier to see how important it is that they learn how to be 9 and resourceful. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, 10 is a terrible thing to waste. (22-23高二下·上海复旦附中·期末) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．technical   B．attributed   C． confined   D．observations   E. sensation   F. totaling   G. anticipatory H. consistent   I. precisely   J. suspicious   K. attached For centuries, people have described unusual animal behavior just ahead of seismic (地震的) events: dogs barking endlessly, cows halting their milk, toads leaping from ponds. A few researchers have tried to prove a link, but most such attempts have relied largely on anecdotes and single 1 . Now researchers at the University of Konstanz, along with a multinational team of colleagues, say they have managed to 2 measure increased activity in a group of farm animals prior to seismic activity. During separate periods 3 about four months in 2016 and 2017, the researchers 4 these highly sensitive biologgers and GPS sensors, which can record accelerated movements in any direction, to six cows, five sheep and two dogs living on a farm in an earthquake-prone area of northern Italy to keep track of the activities and the nervousness of animals. “Only now can we do continuous biologging,” says study co-author Martin Wikelski. “Because the 5 possibilities are finally there.” The paper’s statistical analysis showed animals’ activity significantly increased before magnitude 3.8 or greater earthquakes when they were housed together in a stable — but not when they were out to pasture (吃草). Wikelski says this difference could be linked to the increased stress some animals feel in 6 spaces. Analyzing the increased movements as a whole, the researchers claim, showed a clear signal of 7 behavior hours ahead of tremors. Besides, it showed that the farm animals appeared to anticipate quakes anywhere from one to 20 hours ahead, reacting earlier when they were closer to the origin and later when they were farther away. This finding is 8 with a hypothesis that animals somehow sense a signal that spreads outward. It holds that in the days before an earthquake, shifting tectonic plates (地壳板块) squeeze rocks along a fault line, causing the rocks to release minerals that force ions into the air, and then the animals react to this novel 9 . Not involved with the new study, Wendy Bohon, a geologist from Washington, D．C．, is 10 of the air ionization idea. Heiko Woith, a geologist at GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, says the time frame was still too short and points out that limited data collection in many studies makes it impossible to determine whether a measured signal was related to a quake or was simply noise. (22-23高二下·上海上海中学·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．finances  B．continued  C． decline   D．addressing  E. pressured  AB．unneedy AC． giving  AD．charges  AE. tempered  BC． skipping  BD．cause How to Check Out a Charity Before You Donate You hear the words “childhood disease” or “natural disaster,” and it can be hard to say no to donation requests to help. But your instinct to be generous always should be 1 by a healthy dose of doubt. The recent crackdown launched by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) on four cancer charities a good reminder to make sure your donations are put to good use. So how can you make sure that the money you give doesn’t end up lining the pockets of the 2 ? Follow these tips. Hang up on telemarketers. The cancer charities charged with fraud by the FTC used telemarketing calls to raise donations. If you get a call from a group asking for money, you might feel 3 to make a donation on the spot. But the FTC cautions that you shouldn’t rush to say yes but 4 any requests to give over the phone. Telemarketing companies often keep a significant portion of the funds they raise. You’re better off 5 the middleman and contacting a charity directly to make a donation. Don’t wait for charities to come to you. To avoid feeling the pressure to give to an organization that reaches out to you, figure out what 6 is important to you. Then find charities that are 7 it. You can browse charities that have been evaluated by Charity Navigator by category to identify groups you want to support. Having a(n) 8 plan will make it easier to avoid making impulse donations. Research before you give. The FTC 9 against the four cancer charities shows that just because an organization claims to do good doesn’t mean it actually does. That’s why it’s important to find out as much as you can about how an organization will use your donation before you give. You can start with third-party evaluations and ratings at sites such as Charity Navigator and Charity Watch, which examine charities’ 10 , governance and effectiveness. (22-23高二下·上海徐汇区·期末) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．comprehensive B．spread C． impact D．incredible E. observed F. compared G. success H. firmly I. combination J. heavily K. motivate A new report by the World Health Organization (WHO) reveals that around one in a hundred deaths worldwide is due to passive smoking, which kills an estimated 600,000 people a year. In the first study to assess the global 1 of second-hand smoke, WHO experts find that children are more 2 exposed to second-hand smoke than any other age-group, and around 165,000 of them a year die because of it. Children’s exposure to second-hand smoke is most likely to happen at home, and the double blow of infectious diseases and tobacco seems to be a deadly 3 for children in these regions. Commenting on the findings, Heather Wipfli and Jonathan Samet from the University of Southern California, said policymakers try to 4 families to stop smoking in the home. While deaths due to passive smoking in children were skewed (曲解) toward poor and middle-income countries, deaths in adults were 5 across countries at all income levels. In Europe’s high-income countries, only 71 child deaths occurred, while 35,388 deaths were in adults. Yet in the countries like Africa, an estimated 43,375 deaths due to passive smoking were in children 6 with 9,514 in adults. Only 7.4 percent of the world population currently lives in places with 7 smoke-free laws, and those laws are not always 8 enforced (施行). In places where smoke-free rules are 9 , research shows that exposure to second-hand smoke in high-risk places like bars and restaurants can be cut by 90 percent, and in general by 60 percent, the researchers said. Studies also show such laws help to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers and lead to higher 10 rates in those trying to quit. (22-23高二下·上海嘉定区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．appearances B．imitating C． distinguish D．isolate E. advantageous F. diverse G. identical H. criterion I. markings J. poisonous K. threatening Why different species start looking exactly the same Is it better to stand out from the crowd or be similar to the background? For birds, the answer is complicated. While peacocks(孔雀) show off their brightly colored feathers to attract mates and ward off predators(捕食者), other birds find it 1 to hide themselves by imitating the looks of other birds. Groups of birds flying together often come from the same species, making it hard to 2 one from another. However, some groups of birds including two or more species take on similar 3 , which is an uncommon phenomenon. “They all share random features, like feathers on head or yellow bellies(腹部), which makes them almost 4 . You can’t really tell them apart without looking at their 5 .” says Scott Robinson, a famous scholar. His new study suggests 6 another bird’s appearance is not a coincidence(巧合) but rather an evolutionary method to increase their chances of survival. Looking like a bird from a dominant species helps reduce attack from other members and appear more 7 to potential predators. “In imitation, you often want to look like something because there’s an advantage to being that other thing. You want species to think you’re 8 or low-profitable target.” says Rebecca Kimball, a professor of biology. “In grouping birds, one idea is that this has more to do with a predator’s ability to 9 a target. When there are a group of birds moving around, it may be easier for predators to identify an individual that has a distinct color pattern.” While it may not seem like it at first, imitating other birds is helping to create more 10 species. Not only do birds imitate more than one species as they grow up, but their appearance varies over time. (23-24高二下·上海复旦附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．exported        B．dumping        C． equity       D．driven   E. bumping     F. share    G. unfounded     H. simply   I. projected     J. obsessed     K. supposedly Taking a Wrong Turn The word “overcapacity” has recently gained attention after US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen claimed that China has caused “overcapacity” in the new energy sector, including electric vehicles(EVs) and lithium batteries (锂电池). 1 put, “overcapacity”, in Yellen’s words, refers to producing too many goods, which could lead to global price distortions and affect businesses and workers in other countries. However, this viewpoint is 2 and lacks evidence. Contrary to concerns about “overcapacity”, global production in the new energy sector is actually at “undercapacity” — production is insufficient to meet demand. Data from the International Energy Agency showed that global demand for new energy vehicles(NEVs)is 3 to reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels. The idea that China has 4 new energy products at low prices is also incorrect. Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China, and despite this, their sales continue to grow rapidly. Even the US magazine The Atlantic admitted, “Chinese electric vehicles are cheap, stylish, and high quality… Instead, the White House is going out of its way to keep Chinese EVs out of the US.” These observations indicate that the pricing and sales of new energy products are 5   by international market supply and demand, rather than being only affected by the so-called “overcapacity” caused by China. Moreover, China’s over 60 percent 6 of the global power battery market comes from its focus on technological innovation and high-quality production, not low-cost 7 . “The purpose of technological innovation has never been to widen global differences,” Zeng Yuqun, founder and CEO of CATL, a leading company in new energy innovative technologies, told 21st Century Business Herald. “For China’s power batteries, technological innovation has 8 progress; green development has sustained growth, and technological 9 is the goal,” Zeng added. While China focuses on innovation and quality, the US is 10 with a “100-percent Made in America” goal. The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal. (23-24高二下·上海闵行区·期末) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．focused     B．labels     C． contributes     D．accident    E. duly    F. present G. rarely    H. tricks    I. available    J. equipped    K. attempt     This Is Why Most Grocery Stores Lack Windows When you’re grocery shopping, have you noticed that supermarkets often lack windows, and if they have them, they’re only at the front of the store? You may 1 pay attention to the architectural features of the building because you’re there to shop for food, not admire the layout. But that’s the point. If grocery stores had windows, would it be easier to ignore your main shopping task? There are all sorts of supermarket 2 grocery stores have to keep you shopping longer. It’s no 3 that grocery stores often lack windows and there are a few reasons behind this trend. One of them is a (n) 4 to keep people inside longer. Stores want to create a separate environment within their store where the outside world doesn’t exist. In spite of the rain or sunshine, your attention remains 5 . The technique also prevents shoppers from noticing it’s getting dark out. It really 6 to an immersive (沉浸式的) shopping experience, for better or worse. Keeping daylight out of stores can help preserve the products, as some fresh produce can go bad faster in direct sunlight. Too much sun exposure can even cause packaging 7 to fade. Having windows in stores would also reduce the space 8 to display products. Not to mention, 9 with strong structural supports, outside walls can hold the heavier items on the shelves of those walls. Due to the high cost of constructing windows and storefronts, along with the potential security risks they probably 10 , retailers (零售商) choose to minimize the number of entry points into their space in order to cut expenses and improve safety. (23-24高二下·上海华二附中·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．day-trippers        B．enthusiasts          C． exploring         D．first-tier        E. guided F. inclusive      G. interacting    H. potential   I. rhyme       J. tailored    K. trending Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely walk through the streets—this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city. Citywalk can be a(n) 1 trip tailor-made for a small group of people organized by a travel agency, or simply a leisurely walk for once or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more 2 experience of the places you visit. That is to say, you are given the freedom to explore endless possibilities. Hashtags (话题标签) and keywords for Citywalk are currently 3 across multiple Chinese social media platforms, as more and more people look to share their experiences and thoughts online. In China, the Citywalk trend is spreading from 4 cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third-tier cities, encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved. Some organizers invite folk culture 5 to act as tour guides. Xiao Yiyi is a young entrepreneur (创业者) based in Changsha 6 new possibilities in the tourism sector. Recently she launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to walk in “open-air museums”, an approach for young people to 7 with a city. Xiao Yiyi said her events usually last around half a day. Beijing and Shandong have included Citywalk in their plans to promote cultural tourism and leisure tours. Shanghai has established Citywalk routes using public bus routes to help 8 reach more remote districts by public transport and continue on foot. Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon, industry insiders say that its 9 is huge. Many tour guides also try to expand their influence online, sharing their experiences to attract potential customers. Citywalk is offerıng a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences that correspond with their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides to offer a more 10 , professional service to meet with ever-changing market demands. (22-23高二下·上海杨浦区·期末) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．threat   B．originally   C． defense   D．reduced   E. potential   F. destructive G. unintentionally   H. enormous   I. released   J. astronomical   K. adapted Our Unwelcome Guests If you picnic in a Texas park, chances are that you'll encounter fire ants -- a troublesome pest renowned for their painful and irritating stings. This invasive (入侵的) species, like many others, is not only annoying but also expensive and   1 . From the vast landscapes of Texas to the exotic shores in China, non-native animals, plants, bacteria and viruses are damaging economies and ecosystems. An invasive species is any kind of living thing that is foreign to a particular ecosystem and causes harm. Sometimes non-native species are imported   2 , like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America. Other times non-native species are purposely brought in. For instance, certain Asian fish species, 3 imported from China to clean fish farms in the U. S., escaped and entered local rivers. Similarly, green iguanas were brought to China as pets, but some irresponsible owners 4 them into the wild. The same thing occurred in Florida with Burmese pythons. The worldwide economic impact of introduced species is   5 . According to U. S. government estimates, invasive species cost the American economy over $120 billion annually. The economic impact of fire ants alone totals in the billions. Various U. S. agencies spend hundreds of millions fighting introduced species such as Asian carp, Africanized bees and Burmese pythons. In southern China, green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems, harming agricultural production and posing a   6 to the native reptile (爬行动物) populations. Invasive species have the   7 to destroy their new habitats by upsetting the local ecosystems. They often lack natural predators (掠食者) in their new environment and out-compete native species for food and other resources. They may even prey on local species. In Florida, for instance, pythons have   8 some regional mammal populations by 90 percent. Additionally, Invasive species can also carry diseases against which local species have no natural   9 , resulting in the extinction of an entire native species. Alarmingly, the National Wildlife Federation in the U. S. reports that, “Invasive species are among the primary dangers to native wildlife. Roughly 42 percent of endangered species are at risk due to invasive species.” Unless people take serious action, the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become 10 . 试卷第10页，共10页 试卷第9页，共10页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$