专题01 语法填空（优选上海名校真题）（上海专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题01 语法填空（优选上海名校真题） (23-24高二下·上海华二附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. The future is grey An aging world will oblige us to change how we live Much is made of intergenerational conflicts, with baby boomers competing against millennials or Gen Zers. But however these competing needs are resolved today, younger people will become a 1 (prized) resource in the future, because there will be fewer of them. Populations are slowly growing older than ever before due to two seemingly unstoppable demographic (人口的) forces. One is 2 , as countries become more prosperous, there is a decline in the number of children that people have. When that figure drops below the population replacement level of 2.1 children per woman—— 3 it is offset (抵消) by immigration—the head count shrinks as well as becoming more senior-heavy. If this trend continues, 97 percent of countries are forecast 4 (have) birthrates below the replacement level by the year 2100. The other key factor is that people are living longer in nearly every country in the world, a trend 5 has continued for decades. This 6 (drive) by multiple factors over the past century, including improvements in sanitation (公共卫生), the spread of vaccines and antibiotics, and, later on, by better treatments for heart disease and the decline of smoking. The next reshaping of life expectancy curves could come from the widespread use of weight- 7 (reduce) drugs such as Ozempic, or indeed medicines already in wide use today. These ageing populations present many challenges, forcing countries to rethink their systems of pensions, healthcare and so on. The risk is that there will be too few people of working age to help provide care for 8 who are older. But we 9 not necessarily be too pessimistic. Just like in medicine, advances in artificial intelligence and robotics are continuing rapidly. Could the potential demographic crisis be prevented by a workforce of intelligent machines? If so, 10 having to be worried about robots taking our jobs, we might one day welcome them with open arms. 【答案】 1．more prized 2．that 3．unless 4．to have 5．that/which 6．has been driven 7．reducing 8．those 9．should 10．instead of 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了全球人口老龄化的现象及其对社会的影响，并提出了应对老龄化挑战的可能途径。 1．考查形容词比较级。句意：但是，无论这些相互竞争的需求如何在今天得到解决，年轻人将在未来成为更加珍贵的资源，因为他们的数量将越来越少。根据下文“because there will be fewer of them(因为他们的数量将越来越少)”可知，此处将年轻人的现在和未来进行比较，应填形容词的比较级，表示“更加珍贵的”，故填more prized。 2．考查表语从句。句意：一是，随着国家变得更加繁荣，人们拥有的孩子数量正在下降。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，也没有特殊含义，故用that引导，故填that。 3．考查连词。句意：当这一数字降至每位女性2.1个孩子的替代水平以下时，除非被移民抵消，否则人口数量将减少，同时也将变得更加老龄化。根据下文“it is offset (抵消) by immigration(被移民抵消)”可知，此处引出了一种例外的情况，应填连词表示“除非”，故填unless。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果这一趋势继续下去，预计到2100年，97%的国家的出生率将低于替代水平。be forecast to do sth为固定短语，意为“被预测做某事”，故填to have。 5．考查定语从句。句意：另一个关键因素是，世界各地几乎所有国家的人们都在活得更长，这一趋势已经持续了几十年。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为a trend，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，故填that/which。 6．考查时态语态。句意：在过去一个世纪里，这一趋势是由多个因素驱动的，包括公共卫生的改善、疫苗和抗生素的普及，以及后来对心脏病的更好治疗和吸烟率的下降。根据句意及时间状语over the past century可知，此处应填现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，且主语this与drive之间为被动关系，故填has been driven。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：体重减轻药物如奥司他韦(Ozempic)的广泛使用可能会重塑预期寿命曲线，或者事实上，今天已经广泛使用的药物也可能会带来变化。根据句意及空后的drugs可知，此处应填非谓语动词作定语，因与其逻辑主语drugs之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填reducing。 8．考查代词。句意：风险在于，工作年龄的人口太少，无法帮助照顾那些年纪较大的人。根据下文“who are older(年纪较大的人)”及空前的介词for可知，此处应填代词，指代上文提到的older people，故填those。 9．考查情态动词。句意：但我们不一定非要过于悲观。根据下文“not necessarily be too pessimistic(不一定非要过于悲观)”可知，此处给出了一个建议，应填情态动词，表示“不一定非要”，故填should。 10．考查介词短语。句意：如果这样，我们就不必担心机器人抢走我们的工作，而是张开双臂欢迎它们的到来。根据下文we might one day welcome them with open arms(而是张开双臂欢迎它们的到来)可知，此处表示两种选择或行为之间的替换关系，应填介词短语，表示“而不是”，故填instead of。 (23-24高二下·上海宝山区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. First published on October 15, 1952, “Charlotte’s Web” is a popular children’s book written by well-known American author E. B．White and 1 （illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes of the nature of friendship, loss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The story centers on a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship 2 shares with an uncommonly talented spider named Charlotte. While it’s normal in the course of events on a farm for pigs 3 （kill）when they reach a certain size and age, clever Charlotte works out a scheme to keep Wilbur from his fate by weaving words into her web to create what amounts to a one-pig publicity campaign. By promoting Wilbur to celebrity status, Charlotte ultimately saves him 4 his date with the butcher’s knife. The ending of the “Charlotte’s Web” is bittersweet, however, 5 while Wilbur survives, Charlotte does not. But even Charlotte’s passing is a lesson-for Wilbur and those reading his story-about the nature of death and renewal. Death and destiny are both themes that the book explores. While Charlotte is willing to help Wilbur avoid a destiny that’s being imposed on him by outside forces beyond his control, she also understands that some fates are inevitable: All living creatures are born, 6 （have）a life cycle, and die. Charlotte accepts her role in this natural circle without regret. Charlotte helps Wilbur realize that immortality is not about living forever, but rather, 7 （ensure）that new generations will follow. She also helps him understand that love and friendship are not fixed in quantity. While we may lose a friend, new friendships can come along, not as replacements for 8 we’ve lost, but as blessings to build on what we’ve learned. “Charlotte’s Web” got its inspiration from true experiences that author E. B．White had on his farm in Maine, 9 he penned the book and lived until his death in 1985．While the author claims that the book 10 never be considered a moral tale, certain messages related to moral principles, or rights and wrongs, are obviously established in “Charlotte’s Web”. 【答案】 1．illustrated 2．he 3．to be killed 4．from 5．because 6．have 7．ensuring 8．what 9．where 10．can 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰book，book和illustrate为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填illustrated。 2．考查代词。句意：故事围绕着一只名叫威尔伯的猪，以及他与一只名叫夏洛特的非凡天才蜘蛛之间不太可能但却深厚的友谊展开。根据下文“keep Wilbur from his fate”提到his fate可知，此处应为代词he指代上文提到的Wilbur。故填he。 3．考查动词不定式的被动结构。句意：在农场里，当猪长到一定的尺寸和年龄时，被杀死是很正常的，聪明的夏洛特想出了一个计划，通过在她的网里织词来创造一个相当于一只猪的宣传活动，让威尔伯免受他的命运。此处为固定句型it is+adj +for sb to do sth“做某事对于……是怎样的”，所以此处为动词不定式形式，结合pigs和kill为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动结构。故填to be killed。 4．考查介词。句意：通过把威尔伯提升到名人的地位，夏洛特最终把他从屠刀的约会中救了出来。此处为固定短语save sb from…“从……解救出来”，所以此处为介词from的填入。故填from。 5．考查连词。句意：然而，《夏洛的网》的结局苦乐参半，因为威尔伯活了下来，夏洛却没有。根据句意可知，此处为because“因为”引导的原因状语从句，强调直接原因，满足句意要求，故填because。 6．考查动词。句意：所有的生物都出生，有生命周期，然后死亡。由and连接的are born和die可知，此处也应为动词原形，保持并列谓语成分。故填have。 7．考查动名词。句意：夏洛帮助威尔伯认识到，永生并不是永远活着，而是确保新一代的到来。由but rather连接的living为动名词可知，此处也应为动名词形式，作介词about的宾语成分。故填ensuring。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：虽然我们可能会失去一个朋友，但新的友谊可能会出现，不是取代我们失去的，而是在我们所学到的基础上的祝福。分析句子可知，此处为连接代词what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语成分，意为“失去的东西”。故填what。 9．考查定语从句。句意：《夏洛特的网》的灵感来自作者E. B.怀特在缅因州农场的真实经历，他在那里写了这本书，直到1985年去世。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的非限定性定语从句，先行词farm在从句中作地点状语成分。故填where。 10．考查情态动词。句意：虽然作者声称这本书永远不能被认为是一个道德故事，但与道德原则或对与错有关的某些信息显然在《夏洛特的网》中得到了确立。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词can，和空后的never be构成can never be“不可能做到”，满足句意要求。故填can。 (23-24高二下·上海敬业中学·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Leonardo da Vinci or the Chinese? It has long been considered that Leonardo da Vinci was actually the first person to ever draft a landscape on August 5th, 1473. This unprecedented act of describing mountains and trees on their own was revolutionary and surely helped Leonardo’s already genius status, but is this really the truth? Long before one of the greatest minds of humanity was born, the Chinese artists have been painting landscapes, 1 (describe) rivers and rocks, mountains and trees, for centuries. Leonardo’s1473 drawing actually looks a lot like a painting Winter Evening Landscape by Li Gongnian, 2 (paint) in 1120, over350 years before da Vinci’s famous sketch. The western world tends to center 3 in terms of inventions, the practice that continues on even to the 215t century. Just 4 (look) back on your years in school and try to remember one thing you learned about the Far East, whether its history or art, and I be t that you will have to think long and hard 5 you remember anything. This, of course, is nothing new of scandal (丑闻), as all cultures tend to think 6 their own as the most important one, but when it comes to unfairly crediting a western artist for something the Chinese have been doing for centuries, the Western-centrism becomes a bit of a problem, 7 brings us to Chinese landscape painting. The artists from the Middle Kingdom have been painting with such sensitivity and poetry while Europe was in the midst of fighting the cruel crusades (十字军东征) and completely forgetting the flourishing creativity of the ancient Greece. China has been in its golden age that Europe would not see until the ages of Leonardo and Van Gogh, who 8 (inspire) interestingly, heavily by the Chinese art. It is still a mystery 9 da Vinci’s sketch looks almost exactly like the Gongnian piece, which draws the curious minds 10 (wonder) if Leonardo had somehow managed to see the painting for himself, maybe through the artifacts brought from the Silk Road. 【答案】 1．describing 2．painted 3．itself 4．look 5．before 6．of 7．which 8．was inspired 9．that/why 10．to wonder 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨并质疑西方艺术史上关于莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（Leonardo da Vinci）作为第一位描绘风景画家的传统观点。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：早在这位人类最伟大的思想家诞生之前，几个世纪以来，中国艺术家就一直在画风景画，描绘河流、岩石、山脉和树木。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the Chinese artists和describe为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填describing。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：达芬奇1473年的这幅画实际上看起来很像李功年1120年的《冬夜风景》，比达芬奇的著名素描早了350多年。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，Winter Evening Landscape和paint为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填painted。 3．考查代词。句意：西方世界倾向于以发明为中心，这种做法甚至一直持续到215世纪。主语The western world和宾语一致，需用反身代词itself，作宾语。故填itself。 4．考查祈使句。句意：只要回顾一下你在学校的岁月，试着回忆一下你在远东学到的一件事，无论是历史还是艺术，我敢打赌，在你记住任何东西之前，你都必须认真思考很长时间。此处为祈使句，空处和try并列，需用动词原形。故填look。 5．考查状语从句。句意同上。表示“在……之前”应用before，引导时间状语从句。故填before。 6．考查介词。句意：当然，这并不是什么新鲜事，因为所有的文化都倾向于认为自己的文化是最重要的，但当涉及到不公平地将中国人已经做了几个世纪的事情归功于西方艺术家时，西方中心主义就成了一个问题，这就把我们带到了中国山水画上。think of…as…为固定搭配，意为“认为……是……”。故填of。 7．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 8．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：中国一直处于黄金时代，欧洲直到列奥纳多和梵高时代才看到这一点，有趣的是，梵高深受中国艺术的启发。空处为定语从句的谓语，主语who，指代Van Gogh，和inspire为被动关系，需用被动语态，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，并且be动词使用was。故填was inspired。 9．考查主语从句。句意：达·芬奇的素描与贡年画几乎一模一样，这仍然是一个谜，这让好奇的人怀疑达·芬奇是否通过从丝绸之路带来的文物，以某种方式亲自看到了这幅画。空处引导主语从句，it为形式主语，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义或者作从句的原因状语，可以用that引导主语从句或者why引导主语从句。故填that/why。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填to wonder。 (23-24高二下·上海复旦附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Measure Your Stress with Fitness Trackers Not sure if it’s time for stress management? Check your watch. Toxic stress, caused by pandemic, 1 (fuel) a wave of new stress management trackers. Offered in health monitoring devices by companies such as Fitbit, WHOOP, and others, they aim to make users more informed of stress and learn tools for handling it. These trackers collect information on metrics such as heart rate, skin temperature, and sleep quality 2 cutting-edge sensors in smart watches, wristbands, and rings. They also continuously assess heart rate variability, or HRV, 3 is the balance between the body’s systems for ramping up to a challenge and slowing down to rest. Some, such as Google’s Fitbit, 4 (measure) electrical changes in certain sweat glands (腺体) that respond to stress and emotional arousal. This invisible “electrodermal” sweat “contains extra information about stress 5 HRV,” says Hugo Posada-Quintero, biomedical engineering professor at the University of Connecticut, “which can also be a measure of emotional responses.” When 6 (combine), these metrics reveal psychological stress—like chronic worrying or work aggravation—that damages health and 7 otherwise escape our awareness. This so-called “unrecognized stress” is common in people with busy lifestyles. The trackers show 8 other stressors, like exercise, are beneficial in the right amounts. 9 some physical responses to exercise resemble unhealthy stress, the trackers may distinguish good stress from bad. If you’re moving your body in specified ways, they can determine that your fast pulse is from road running, not road rage. 10 (quantify) your habits and experiences can encourage behavior changes for stress management. If you eat a large, sugary meal before bed, for example, your stress numbers go up the digestive overload increases heart rate. The sensors will further detect how the late meal disrupts sleep. 【答案】 1．has fueled 2．with 3．which 4．measure 5．beyond 6．combined 7．may/might 8．that 9．Although/Though/While 10．Quantifying 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了健身追踪器如何帮助用户监测和管理压力，通过介绍其工作原理、测量的生理指标以及如何通过数据鼓励用户采取减压措施，展现了科技产品在健康管理领域的应用。 1．考查现在分词。句意：由疫情引发的有毒压力，推动了一波新的压力管理追踪器的出现。fuel“推动，加强，刺激”。句子描述的是过去到现在的一个持续影响，所以时态使用现在完成时，主语Toxic stress为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has fueled。 2．考查介词。句意：这些追踪器利用智能手表、腕带和戒指中的尖端传感器收集心率、皮肤温度和睡眠质量等指标的信息。本空用介词with“利用”，表示使用某种工具或手段。故填with。 3．考查定语从句。句意：他们还持续评估心率变异性，即HRV，这是身体系统在迎接挑战和减速休息之间的平衡。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是HRV，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4．考查动词时态。句意：一些追踪器，如Google的Fitbit，测量某些对压力和情绪唤醒有反应的汗腺的电变化。measure“测量”。本句描述一般事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为Some，故谓语用动词原形。故填measure。 5．考查介词。句意：这种看不见的“皮肤电”汗液，康涅狄格大学生物医学工程教授雨果·波萨达-金特罗说：“包含了心率变异之外的额外压力信息，这也可以作为情绪反应的衡量标准。”本空用介词beyond“超出”，表示超出HRV之外还有额外的信息。故填beyond。 6．考查状语从句省略。句意：当这些指标结合在一起时，它们揭示了损害健康的心理压力，比如长期的忧虑或工作加剧的压力，这些压力可能逃过我们的意识。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中When引导的时间状语从句完整句子为When these metrics are_____ (combine)，these metrics与combine“（使）结合”为被动关系，用are combined，作谓语，省略these metrics are，保留过去分词。故填combined。 7．考查情态动词。句意：当这些指标结合在一起时，它们揭示了损害健康的心理压力，比如长期的忧虑或工作加剧的压力，这些压力可能逃过我们的意识。本空用情态动词may或minght“可能”，表示这种压力有可能逃过我们的注意。故填may或might。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：追踪器显示其他压力源，如锻炼，在适量的情况下是有益的。本空引导宾语从句，作show的宾语，从句中不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 9．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管某些锻炼引起的生理反应类似于不健康的应激反应，但追踪器可以区分好压力和坏压力。前后句意存在转折关系，应用although/though/while“虽然”引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：量化你的习惯和经历可以鼓励你改变管理压力的行为。本句谓语为can encourage，此处为非谓语动词，本空用quantify“量化”的动名词，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Quantifying。 (23-24高二下·上海闵行区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers. Public service campaigns have also tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones 1 they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which 2 (fall) for years, are now rising sharply. That is partly 3 people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said inattentive driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.” “Big change requires big ideas,” he said in a speech last month, 4 (refer) broadly to the need to improve road safety. So 5 (change) a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat 6 (distract) driving like driving after consuming alcohol. An idea 7 lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine 8 a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws. “We need something on the books 9 can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state’s ban on hand-held devices by drivers. “If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,” he said, “people are going to be 10 (afraid) to put their hands on the cell phone.” 【答案】 1．when/while/as 2．have been falling /have fallen 3．because 4．referring 5．to change 6．distracted 7．from/by 8．whether/if 9．that 10．more afraid 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国推动立法禁止在开车时使用手机的原因及过程。 1．考查状语从句。句意：公共服务运动还尝试了多种方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。结合句意可知，使用when/while/as“当……时”引导时间状语从句，符合句意，故填when/while/as。 2．考查时态。句意：道路事故多年来一直在下降，现在却急剧上升。根据句意时间状语for years可知，这里要使用现在完成时，或者是 现在完成时进行时，主语which指代的是先行词Road accidents为复数，谓语动词也要使用复数，故填have been falling/have fallen。 3．考查表语从句。句意：这在一定程度上是因为人们开车越来越多，但美国国家公路交通安全管理局局长Mark Rosekind表示，疏忽驾驶“不幸的是只会增加”。结合句意可知，此处使用连词because连接表语从句符合句意，故填because。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：他在上个月的一次演讲中表示：“大变革需要大创意。”他泛指改善道路安全的必要性。句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连词此处使用非谓语动词，主语和与refer之间为主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，故填referring。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，为了改变一种明显的现代行为，立法者和公共卫生专家正在回归一种古老的方法：他们希望将分心驾驶视为饮酒后驾驶。句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连词，此处需要使用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处使用不定式作目的状语，符合句意，故填to change。 6．考查形容词。句意：因此，为了改变一种明显的现代行为，立法者和公共卫生专家正在回归一种古老的方法：他们希望将分心驾驶视为饮酒后驾驶。位于动名词前使用形容词作定语，故填distracted。 7．考查介词。句意：纽约立法者的一个想法是给警察一种新的设备，称为Textalyzer。结合句意可知，此处使用介词from/by“出自”符合句意，故填from/by。 8．考查连词。句意：这项技术可以确定司机是否只是发短信、发电子邮件或做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。此处缺少宾语从句连接词，结合句意可知使用whether /if“是否”符合句意，故填whether/if。 9．考查定语从句。句意：“我们需要一些能够改变人们行为的东西，”费利克斯·W·奥尔蒂斯说，他推动了该州禁止司机使用手持设备的禁令。此处引导定语从句，先行词为something，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词that，故填that。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：“如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，”他说，“人们将更加害怕把手放在手机上。”结合和句意可知，如果法案成为法律，相较于之前人们会更害怕把手放在手机上，故填more afraid。 (23-24高二下·上海杨浦区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Gender Equality In many cultures, women have historically been discriminated against and treated as second-class citizens. Even today, many girls and women encounter significant challenges. Fortunately, there are organizations 1 (strive) to advance equitable treatment of girls and women. The question remains 2 girls in various locations truly have equal educational opportunities compared to boys. In countries with overwhelming poverty and strict gender roles, girls face a higher likelihood of   3 (pull) out of school. Shockingly, millions of girls worldwide are forced into marriage before reaching 18, which prematurely ends their childhood and hinders their educational journey. Even in countries   4 educational opportunities are available for girls, their aspirations (志向) can be limited by psychological barriers. Girls who   5 (not witness) women succeed in particular fields often doubt their own ability 6 (enter) those fields. Nonetheless, as more women achieve success, their influence could potentially pave the way for future generations. The importance of gender equality extends beyond just women; it benefits society as a whole. Research indicates that every dollar   7 (invest) in women’s and children’s health can yield a significant long-term return of $20. Educated women contribute significantly to their communities 8 their work and by transmitting their knowledge and appreciation of education to their children. Thus, it is essential to promote gender equality 9 we can build a brighter future where everyone has equal opportunities and society as a whole can reap the benefits of a 10 (educated) population. 【答案】 1．striving 2．whether 3．being pulled 4．where 5．haven’t witnessed 6．to enter 7．invested 8．through 9．so that 10．more educated 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了性别平等的重要性，特别是针对女性和女孩在教育领域的机会。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，有一些组织正在努力推进女孩和妇女的公平待遇。句子已有谓语动词are，空白处在句子中作定语，此处应使用非谓语动词。strive与逻辑主语organizations之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填striving。 2．考查同位语从句。句意：在不同的地区女孩是否真正与男孩享有平等的教育机会这一问题仍然存在，即此处需要一个连接词引导同位语从句，说明The question内容，因为从句结构完整。连接词表示“是否”，用连接词whether，故填whether。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在极度贫困和严格性别角色分工的国家，女孩面临更高的辍学风险。此处为of介词的宾语，故使用动名词形式，且girls与pull out of school之间是被动关系，使用动名词的被动式，故填being pulled。 4．考查定语从句。句意：即使在为女孩提供教育机会的国家，她们的抱负也可能受到心理障碍的限制。此处需要一个关系词引导定语从句，先行词是countries，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。 5．考查时态。句意：没有见过女性在某些领域取得成功的女孩往往怀疑自己进入这些领域的能力。此处是who引导的定语从句的谓语动词，根据句意，此处表示“没有见过”，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，使用现在完成时，主语Girls为复数，故填haven’t witnessed。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为ability的后置定语，且空白处表示的是一个指向将来的不确定的动作，使用动词不定式；the ability to do“……的能力”，故填to enter。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究表明，每投资一美元在妇女和儿童的健康上，长期来看可以带来高达20美元的回报。此处为dollar的后置定语，使用非谓语动词，dollar与invest之间是逻辑上的被动关系，使用过去分词，故填invested。 8．考查介词。句意：受过教育的女性通过工作和向子女传授知识以及对教育的重视，对社区做出了巨大贡献。根据下文“and by transmitting their knowledge and appreciation of education to their children(和向子女传授知识以及对教育的重视)”可知此处表示“通过……的方式”，故填through。 9．考查连词。句意：因此，促进性别平等至关重要，这样我们才能建立一个更加光明的未来，让每个人都有平等的机会，整个社会都能从受过教育的人口中获益。此处需要一个连接词引导目的状语从句，故填so that。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：同上。根据上文“a brighter future(一个更加光明的未来)”可知，此处将现在与未来进行比较，使用形容词比较级，故填more educated。 (22-23高二下·上海复旦附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use ONE word that best fits each blank. Coping With the Sunday Scaries A few years ago, I was in the kitchen of a friend’s house preparing a meal. When we all sat down to eat, my friend’s wife wolfed down her supper and then disappeared into another room to do some work. He smiled and said, “Sunday nights are the new Monday mornings around here.” I was surprised at the time. Now, I find myself 1 (behave) in exactly the same manner. Every time I open up my calendar on Sunday evening, a subtle sense of dread comes over me. I feel as 2 I am behind before the week has even begun. Apparently, my Sunday-night anxieties and Monday-morning blues are not unique to me alone. A new study led by Ilke Inceoglu from the University of Exeter found that this phenomenon often takes the form of mental concerns about the week ahead, as well as feelings of nervousness and difficulty with sleeping. “It’s as if your mind moves away from 3 has been experienced over the weekend as the general sense of relaxation or enjoyment, and quickly shifts towards whatever worries you have about everything you’ve got to do in the work week ahead,” said one of Inceoglu’s respondents. Inceoglu found that these Sunday scaries were particularly pronounced 4 people who frequently checked their emails during the weekend, had tasks left over from the previous week, and had unreasonably high expectations of themselves. These matters seem 5 (make) worse as a result of the pandemic, where the rise of working from home 6 (blur) the boundaries between work and leisure. What should we do about the “Sunday scaries”? Researchers have offered some useful suggestions that 7 help us make Monday less depressing. One is to change 8 you think about the weekend. One U.S. study found that when participants were asked to treat their weekend as a mini-vacation, they tended to do more cheerful activities and returned to work on Monday satisfied with their jobs. 9 second way is to redesign our Monday so that it has some of the features that make us feel good during the weekend. Introducing simple changes, such as starting the day with something you are good at, setting aside a little unstructured time where you are able to do what you want, or setting up a lunchtime date with 10 you find enjoyable to be around, could make all the difference. 【答案】 1．behaving 2．if/though 3．what 4．among 5．to be made 6．has blurred 7．can 8．how 9．The 10．someone/somebody/whom 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从身边人的故事以及自己的故事谈起周日恐惧这一心理问题，描述并分析了这种问题，最后给出了一些有用的应对方法。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，我发现自己不知不觉间行为方式完全相同。根据“find myself”可知，空处作宾语补足语，是非谓语动词，behave“行为”和myself逻辑上是主动关系，应用behave的现在分词形式behaving，构成固定短语find oneself doing sth.，意为“发现自己不知不觉地做某事”。故填behaving。 2．考查表语从句。句意：我感觉好像这一周还没开始，自己就落后了。根据“I feel as”和空后成分完整的句子可推知，空处应用if或though和as构成固定表达as if或as though，意为“好像，似乎”，引导名词性从句作句子的表语。故填if/though。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：Inceoglu的一位受访者说：“就好像你的思绪远离了周末所经历的类似放松或享受的感觉，快速转移到了你对未来一周工作中必须做的事情的担忧上。”分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作from的宾语，宾语从句缺少主语，结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。 4．考查介词。句意：Inceoglu发现，这些周日的恐惧在那些周末经常查看电子邮件、有前一周剩下的任务、对自己期望过高的人中尤为明显。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处用介词among表示“在……之中”，此处指“在那些周末经常查看电子邮件、有前一周剩下的任务、对自己期望过高的人中“。故填among。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于疫情，这些问题似乎变得更糟，在家办公的兴起模糊了工作与休闲之间的界限。根据“seem”可知，此处用固定短语seem to do sth.，意为“似乎……”，且make“使，让”和These matters逻辑上是被动关系，空处应用不定式被动语态to be made。故填to be made。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于疫情，这些问题似乎变得更糟，在家办公的兴起模糊了工作与休闲之间的界限。分析句子可知，空处作where引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语，结合句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，时态应用现在完成时，且主语the rise为单数，助动词用has。故填has blurred。 7．考查情态动词。句意：研究人员提供了一些有用的建议，可以帮助我们让周一不那么沮丧。分析句子可知，空处应用情态动词和help组成谓语动词，结合useful suggestions和help us make Monday less depressing可推知，此处表示了一些有用的建议“可以”帮助我们让周一不那么沮丧，表示能力，且主句时态为现在完成时，空处应用情态动词can。故填can。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：一种是改变你看待周末的方式。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作change的宾语，结合句意可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 9．考查冠词。句意：第二种方法是重新设计我们的周一，让它有一些让我们在周末感觉良好的特征。根据“second”和上文已经介绍一种建议可推知，此处表示“第二种方法”，空处应用the和序数词second搭配，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填The。 10．考查不定代词或宾语从句。句意：做一些简单的改变，比如从你擅长的事情开始新的一天，留出一点自由的时间，在那里你可以做你想做的事情，或者和你喜欢待一起的人约个午餐时间，这些都可以让你的生活大不一样。分析句子可知，with缺少宾语，空后的you find enjoyable to be around可以理解为修饰空处的限制性定语从句，空处是先行词，在从句中作宾语，引导从句的关系代词被省略，结合语境可知，空处此时表示“某人”，应用不定代词someone或somebody；或理解为空处引导名词性从句作with的宾语，宾语从句缺少宾语，结合语境可知，宾语指人，应用连接代词whom作引导词。故填someone/somebody/whom。 (22-23高二下·上海华二附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage, coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. Scientists were deeply concerned about what was happening. Avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) was first discovered in the winter of 1994 1 29 bald eagle carcasses were found near DeGray Lake, a man-made reservoir in Arkansas. Two years later, at least 70 eagles had died across several Arkansas reservoirs. By 1998, conditions continued to deteriorate as dead birds of different species including American coots, mallards and ring-necked ducks were confirmed at ten sites across six states. All of the documented cases of this 2 (emerge) disease occurred on or near manmade water reservoirs with abundant aquatic vegetation. But what particularly puzzled scientists was 3 these birds behaved before they died. The birds were observed suddenly flying straight 4 stationary objects (rock walls and trees), swimming in circles, and with their wings drooped. For many years, scientists from state and federal agencies tried to figure out what was killing the birds and the testing of sediment and dead birds at affected water reservoirs for xenobiotic compounds that cause AVM 5 (reveal) nothing. Necropsies of the birds’ brains showed widespread vacuolation of white matter of the central nervous system and spinal cord which explained their uncoordinated behaviour. Early studies suggested that an unknown, seasonal and environmental neurotoxin 6 be responsible. Recently, a paper published in the journal Science has pinpointed the exact neurotoxin responsible for the death of those bald eagles in Arkansas. The research describes the series of events that leads to AVM. It’s a fatal three-part process that requires invasive plants, abundant bacteria, and chemicals in the environment. It begins with the invasive plant named Hydrilla verticillata, also called waterthyme, first introduced to the United States in the 1950’s 7 an aquarium plant. The plant is home to cyanobacteria called Aetokthonos hydrillicola which colonize up to 95% of the plant leaves. The cyanobacteria aren’t 8 deadly to waterbirds but when they 9 (expose) to the chemical bromide in the environment, they produce a dangerous neurotoxin called aetokthonotoxin which causes AVM in birds. Previous field and laboratory studies have also demonstrated that AVM in herbivorous waterbirds due to the ingestion of H. verticillata can be transferred up the food chain to birds of prey which consume the 10 (affect) waterfowl. AVM thus presents a threat to multiple avian species. Furthermore, feeding trials have also confirmed neuropathy and mortality in a wide range of taxa including amphibians, reptiles, and fish. This work highlights the role of cyanobacteria as potentially dangerous toxin producers and further research into how the toxin effects human health via the consumption of fish and waterbirds from these contaminated reservoirs is urgently required. 【答案】 1．when 2．emerging 3．that 4．to/towards 5．revealing 6．can 7．as 8．the 9．expose 10．affected 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了禽类空泡性髓鞘病(AVM)的原因和对鸟类的影响。 1．考查定语从句。句意：禽类空泡性髓鞘病(AVM)在1994年冬天首次被发现，当时29只白头鹰的尸体在阿肯色州的一个人工水库德格雷湖附近被发现。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词1994指时间，且从句中缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when来引导。故填when。 2．考查考查形容词。句意：所有记录的这种新出现的病例都发生在有丰富水生植被的人工水库上或附近。分析句式结构可知，disease是名词，所以应该用形容词修饰名词，根据文章的介绍可知，这种病是最新出现的，所以科学家才要加以研究，emerging新兴的、发展初期的，故填emerging。 3．考查表语从句。句意：但让科学家们特别困惑的是，这些鸟在死前的行为。分析句式结构可知，此处是表语从句，且从句中不缺少句子成分，所以用that来引导。故填that。 4．考查介词。句意：人们观察到这些鸟突然直接飞向静止的物体(岩壁和树木)，绕圈游泳，翅膀下垂。根据flying straight可知，此处用介词to或者towards来表示“朝向……”飞去。故填to或者towards。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，来自州和联邦机构的科学家们试图找出导致鸟类死亡的原因，并对受影响水库的沉积物和死鸟进行了检测，以寻找导致AVM的异种化合物，结果一无所获。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作状语动词作状语，又因为reveal和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填revealing。 6．考查情态动词。句意：早期的研究表明，一种未知的季节性和环境神经毒素可能是罪魁祸首。分析句意可知，此处表示一种客观上的可能性，表示“能、会”，所以情态动词can。故填can。 7．考查介词。句意：它始于一种名为黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)的入侵植物，也被称为水百里香，它于20世纪50年代作为一种水族馆植物首次引入美国。分析句意再根据an aquarium plant可知，此处用介词as表示“作为”一种水族馆植物。故填as。 8．考查冠词。句意：蓝藻对水鸟来说并不是致命的（水生植物），但当它们接触到环境中的化学溴化物时，它们会产生一种危险的神经毒素，这种毒素被称为aetokthonotoxin（一种新型蓝藻神经毒素），会导致鸟类患空泡性髓鞘病。因为deadly是形容词，所以此处用“the+形容词”表示一类事物。故填the。 9．考查动词时态。句意：同上。短语expose to暴露于，文章的基础时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，所以谓语动词用动词原形，故填expose。 10．考查过去分词。句意：先前的实地和实验室研究也表明，草食性水禽由于摄入黑藻而产生的AVM可以沿着食物链向上转移到食用受影响水禽的猛禽身上。空处作定语，waterfowl与affect之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词表被动，故填affected。 (22-23高二下·上海上海中学·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. Two Ancient Stories and the Geological Events That May Have Inspired Them Myths have fed the imaginations and souls of humans for thousands of years. The vast majority of these are just stories people 1 (hand) down through the ages. But a few have roots in real geological events of the past, providing warning of potential dangers and speaking to the awe we hold for the power of the planet.The Oracle (神示所) at Delphi In ancient Greece, in the town of Delphi on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, there was a temple 2 (devote) to the god Apollo. Within a sacred chamber, a priestess called the Pythia would breathe in sweet-smelling vapors coming from 3 crack in the rock. These vapors would send her into a state of excitement during which she would channel Apollo and speak 4 would then be turned into prophesies (预言) by a priest. Science: The temple was a real place, and scientists have discovered two geologic faults (断层) 5 (run) beneath the site, now in ruins. Gas was likely coming from those cracks 6 the oracle was in action.Atlantis Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher, wrote that Atlantis, a great civilization founded by a race of people who were half god and half human, 7 (destroy) in a great disaster. Science: Atlantis probably wasn’t a real place, but a real island civilization may have inspired the tale. 8 the contestants is Santorini in Greece. Santorini is now a group of islands, but thousands of years ago it was a single island — a volcano named Thera. Around 3, 500 years ago, the volcano blew up, destroying the island, setting off tsunamis and blowing tons of sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫) into the atmosphere 9 it continued to exist for years and probably caused many cold, wet summers. Those conditions would have ruined harvests in the region and are thought 10 (contribute) to the quick decline of the Minoans, who had dominated the Mediterranean from nearby Crete. 【答案】 1．have handed 2．devoted 3．a 4．what 5．running 6．when 7．was destroyed 8．Among 9．where 10．to have contributed 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了两个古老的故事和可能启发它们的地质事件。 1．考查动词时态。句意：其中绝大多数只是人们代代相传的故事。分析句子结构可知，本句是限制性定语从句修饰先行词stories，从句中缺少谓语动词，所以hand作从句谓语，结合through the ages和句意应用现在完成时，表示一直持续的动作。故填have handed。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在古希腊，在帕那索斯山山坡上的德尔菲镇，有一座供奉阿波罗神的神庙。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：be devoted to意为“献身于”，又本句已有谓语动词are，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰名词a temple。故填devoted。 3．考查冠词。句意：在一个神圣的房间里，一位名叫皮提亚的女祭司会吸入从岩石裂缝中冒出的甜味蒸汽。分析句子结构可知，crack意为“裂缝”为可数名词，泛指一条裂缝，前应用不定冠词修饰，crack为辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：这些蒸汽会让她进入一种兴奋的状态，在这种状态下，她会与阿波罗联系，说出一些话，然后由一位牧师转化为预言。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，应该用连接代词what引导。故填what。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这座寺庙是一个真实的地方，科学家们已经发现了两个地质断层在遗址下面运行，现在已经成为废墟。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语have discovered，所以run应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是two geologic faults，两者是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填running。 6．考查状语从句。句意：当神谕运行时，气体很可能来自这些裂缝。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表达“当……时”之意，用when引导。故填when。 7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：古希腊哲学家柏拉图写道，由半神半人的种族建立的伟大文明亚特兰蒂斯在一场大灾难中毁灭了。分析句子结构可知，本句是that引导的宾语从句，从句中缺少谓语，所以destroy作从句的谓语，主语是Atlantis，为第三人称单数，和destroy之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据主句wrote可知，用一般过去时。故填was destroyed。 8．考查介词。句意：希腊的圣托里尼岛(Santorini)也在参赛城市之列。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“在这些竞争者之中”，此处应该用介词among意为“在……之中”，一般用于三者或以上，首字母大写。故填Among。 9．考查定语从句。句意：大约3500年前，这座火山喷发，摧毁了这座岛屿，引发了海啸，并将成吨的二氧化硫吹到大气中，二氧化硫在大气中持续存在了多年，可能造成了许多寒冷潮湿的夏天。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是atmosphere，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些条件会破坏该地区的收成，并被认为是米诺斯人迅速衰落的原因，米诺斯人从附近的克里特岛统治了地中海。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语are thought，所以contribute用非谓语形式，此处是固定搭配：be thought to do意思是“被认为是”，又因描述的过去的事对另一时间的影响，用不定式的完成式（to have done）。故填to have contributed。 (22-23高二下·上海嘉定区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Most underrated pleasures of one’s life One of the biggest drivers of good relationships in our lives is a developed level of understanding in those relationships. The relationships 1 this understanding end up creating too much maintenance work. So it becomes more like luggage or at least something that needs attention or care rather than fun. I realized it with a couple of friends of mine. Recently my “friend ecosystem” had a sudden change. A couple of them 2 (leave) although I still have a couple around. I am also adding a couple of new ones. The whole change made me thoughtful. I started to think about the cause of being better friends with some. It turns out that among the large number of other factors, one of the key ones is 3 (understand). It can then be extended to personal and even business relationships. While 4 (hire) a key employee, one can be sure that it will work well if the other person enjoys and understands you well. It will be far 5 (productive) as the relationship related maintenance is low and you can focus on actual output. It 6 help you even when you are looking for funding partners, seed capital or business joint ventures (企业). Finally, how do you ensure you are understood? To start with, make sure that the people who 7 (matter) to you in any capacity like business, managerial, personal or family have an open relationship with you. Creating an open environment 8 others can discuss constructive aspects or difficult discussion is important. Being caring and respectful to 9 and being truthful are two different things. Truthfulness is as important as being respectful and caring. In the long term, truthfulness will result in a caring relationship. 10 you are understood well and have an open relationship, you can’t be truthful. When you get to that level with the person where you are completely understood, it will be an awesome feeling! 【答案】 1．without 2．left/ have left//were leaving 3．being understood 4．hiring 5．more productive 6．can/may 7．matter 8．where 9．someone/somebody/one 10．Unless 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要分析并表达了人与人之间要保持良好的关系，最关键的就是能够被理解，这也是人生中最被低估的乐趣这一观点。 1．考查介词。句意：没有这种理解的关系，最终会产生过多的维护工作。分析句子可知，空处应为介词，后接名词短语“this understanding”，表示“没有”。故填without。 2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他们中的一些人离开了，尽管我还有几个朋友在身边。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据上一句中的谓语动词“had”和句意可知，本句表达一些朋友已经离开或是当时正在离开，故可用过去时、现在完成时或过去进行时；主语是“A couple of them”，谓语应为复数形式。故填left/have left/were leaving。 3．考查动名词。句意：事实证明，在众多其他因素中，其中一个关键因素是被理解。分析句子和句意可知， 空处应为非谓语动词形式，作表语，表示一般情况，应用动名词形式；根据第五段“Finally, how do you ensure you are understood?”（最后，你如何包保证自己被理解？）及本句句意可知，关键因素之一是被理解，故应用动名词的被动语态。故填being understood。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：在雇佣一名关键员工的时候，如果对方很喜欢你，也很理解你，那肯定会很顺利。根据句中谓语“can be”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，作时间状语，与“one”形成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填hiring。 5．考查形容词比较级。句意：这样做的效率会高得多，因为与关系相关的维护成本较低，你可以专注于实际产出。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作表语；far作副词，一般修饰形容词的比较级形式，表示“……得多”。故填more productive。 6．考查情态动词。句意：它能够/可能会帮助你，甚至当你在寻找投资伙伴，原始资本或商业合资企业时。根据谓语动词“help”和句意可知，空处应为情态动词，表示“能够/可能”。故填can/may。 7．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：首先，确保那些在商业、管理、个人或家庭等方面对你很重要的人与你保持开放的关系。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词，表示“要紧、有关系”；根据句中“have”和句意可知，应用一般现在时，表示客观现实；主语是“who”，指代先行词“the people”，故谓语动词应为复数。故填matter。 8．考查定语从句关系词。句意： 创造一个开放的环境是很重要的，在这里其他人可以讨论建设性的问题或进行困难的讨论。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“environment”，在从句中作状语，表示“在这个环境中”，故应用关系副词where。故填where。 9．考查不定代词。句意：关心、尊重别人和诚实是两回事。分析句子和句意可知，空处应为代词，作宾语，泛指“某人、一个人”，故可用不定代词someone/somebody/one。故填someone/somebody/one。 10．考查连词。句意：除非你被很好地理解，并且有一个开放的关系，否则你不可能诚实。分析句子可知，空处应为连词，后接状语从句；根据前文“Truthfulness is as important as being respectful and caring. ”（诚实与尊重、关心同样重要。）可知，一个人只有在获得关心和尊重，能被别人很好地理解时，才会对对方诚实，故根据句意，空处应用unless，表示“除非”；句首字母大写。故填Unless。 试卷第20页，共21页 试卷第21页，共21页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 专题01 语法填空（优选上海名校真题） (23-24高二下·上海华二附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. The future is grey An aging world will oblige us to change how we live Much is made of intergenerational conflicts, with baby boomers competing against millennials or Gen Zers. But however these competing needs are resolved today, younger people will become a 1 (prized) resource in the future, because there will be fewer of them. Populations are slowly growing older than ever before due to two seemingly unstoppable demographic (人口的) forces. One is 2 , as countries become more prosperous, there is a decline in the number of children that people have. When that figure drops below the population replacement level of 2.1 children per woman—— 3 it is offset (抵消) by immigration—the head count shrinks as well as becoming more senior-heavy. If this trend continues, 97 percent of countries are forecast 4 (have) birthrates below the replacement level by the year 2100. The other key factor is that people are living longer in nearly every country in the world, a trend 5 has continued for decades. This 6 (drive) by multiple factors over the past century, including improvements in sanitation (公共卫生), the spread of vaccines and antibiotics, and, later on, by better treatments for heart disease and the decline of smoking. The next reshaping of life expectancy curves could come from the widespread use of weight- 7 (reduce) drugs such as Ozempic, or indeed medicines already in wide use today. These ageing populations present many challenges, forcing countries to rethink their systems of pensions, healthcare and so on. The risk is that there will be too few people of working age to help provide care for 8 who are older. But we 9 not necessarily be too pessimistic. Just like in medicine, advances in artificial intelligence and robotics are continuing rapidly. Could the potential demographic crisis be prevented by a workforce of intelligent machines? If so, 10 having to be worried about robots taking our jobs, we might one day welcome them with open arms. (23-24高二下·上海宝山区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. First published on October 15, 1952, “Charlotte’s Web” is a popular children’s book written by well-known American author E. B．White and 1 （illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes of the nature of friendship, loss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The story centers on a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship 2 shares with an uncommonly talented spider named Charlotte. While it’s normal in the course of events on a farm for pigs 3 （kill）when they reach a certain size and age, clever Charlotte works out a scheme to keep Wilbur from his fate by weaving words into her web to create what amounts to a one-pig publicity campaign. By promoting Wilbur to celebrity status, Charlotte ultimately saves him 4 his date with the butcher’s knife. The ending of the “Charlotte’s Web” is bittersweet, however, 5 while Wilbur survives, Charlotte does not. But even Charlotte’s passing is a lesson-for Wilbur and those reading his story-about the nature of death and renewal. Death and destiny are both themes that the book explores. While Charlotte is willing to help Wilbur avoid a destiny that’s being imposed on him by outside forces beyond his control, she also understands that some fates are inevitable: All living creatures are born, 6 （have）a life cycle, and die. Charlotte accepts her role in this natural circle without regret. Charlotte helps Wilbur realize that immortality is not about living forever, but rather, 7 （ensure）that new generations will follow. She also helps him understand that love and friendship are not fixed in quantity. While we may lose a friend, new friendships can come along, not as replacements for 8 we’ve lost, but as blessings to build on what we’ve learned. “Charlotte’s Web” got its inspiration from true experiences that author E. B．White had on his farm in Maine, 9 he penned the book and lived until his death in 1985．While the author claims that the book 10 never be considered a moral tale, certain messages related to moral principles, or rights and wrongs, are obviously established in “Charlotte’s Web”. (23-24高二下·上海敬业中学·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Leonardo da Vinci or the Chinese? It has long been considered that Leonardo da Vinci was actually the first person to ever draft a landscape on August 5th, 1473. This unprecedented act of describing mountains and trees on their own was revolutionary and surely helped Leonardo’s already genius status, but is this really the truth? Long before one of the greatest minds of humanity was born, the Chinese artists have been painting landscapes, 1 (describe) rivers and rocks, mountains and trees, for centuries. Leonardo’s1473 drawing actually looks a lot like a painting Winter Evening Landscape by Li Gongnian, 2 (paint) in 1120, over350 years before da Vinci’s famous sketch. The western world tends to center 3 in terms of inventions, the practice that continues on even to the 215t century. Just 4 (look) back on your years in school and try to remember one thing you learned about the Far East, whether its history or art, and I be t that you will have to think long and hard 5 you remember anything. This, of course, is nothing new of scandal (丑闻), as all cultures tend to think 6 their own as the most important one, but when it comes to unfairly crediting a western artist for something the Chinese have been doing for centuries, the Western-centrism becomes a bit of a problem, 7 brings us to Chinese landscape painting. The artists from the Middle Kingdom have been painting with such sensitivity and poetry while Europe was in the midst of fighting the cruel crusades (十字军东征) and completely forgetting the flourishing creativity of the ancient Greece. China has been in its golden age that Europe would not see until the ages of Leonardo and Van Gogh, who 8 (inspire) interestingly, heavily by the Chinese art. It is still a mystery 9 da Vinci’s sketch looks almost exactly like the Gongnian piece, which draws the curious minds 10 (wonder) if Leonardo had somehow managed to see the painting for himself, maybe through the artifacts brought from the Silk Road. (23-24高二下·上海复旦附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Measure Your Stress with Fitness Trackers Not sure if it’s time for stress management? Check your watch. Toxic stress, caused by pandemic, 1 (fuel) a wave of new stress management trackers. Offered in health monitoring devices by companies such as Fitbit, WHOOP, and others, they aim to make users more informed of stress and learn tools for handling it. These trackers collect information on metrics such as heart rate, skin temperature, and sleep quality 2 cutting-edge sensors in smart watches, wristbands, and rings. They also continuously assess heart rate variability, or HRV, 3 is the balance between the body’s systems for ramping up to a challenge and slowing down to rest. Some, such as Google’s Fitbit, 4 (measure) electrical changes in certain sweat glands (腺体) that respond to stress and emotional arousal. This invisible “electrodermal” sweat “contains extra information about stress 5 HRV,” says Hugo Posada-Quintero, biomedical engineering professor at the University of Connecticut, “which can also be a measure of emotional responses.” When 6 (combine), these metrics reveal psychological stress—like chronic worrying or work aggravation—that damages health and 7 otherwise escape our awareness. This so-called “unrecognized stress” is common in people with busy lifestyles. The trackers show 8 other stressors, like exercise, are beneficial in the right amounts. 9 some physical responses to exercise resemble unhealthy stress, the trackers may distinguish good stress from bad. If you’re moving your body in specified ways, they can determine that your fast pulse is from road running, not road rage. 10 (quantify) your habits and experiences can encourage behavior changes for stress management. If you eat a large, sugary meal before bed, for example, your stress numbers go up the digestive overload increases heart rate. The sensors will further detect how the late meal disrupts sleep. (23-24高二下·上海闵行区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers. Public service campaigns have also tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones 1 they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which 2 (fall) for years, are now rising sharply. That is partly 3 people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said inattentive driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.” “Big change requires big ideas,” he said in a speech last month, 4 (refer) broadly to the need to improve road safety. So 5 (change) a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat 6 (distract) driving like driving after consuming alcohol. An idea 7 lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine 8 a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws. “We need something on the books 9 can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state’s ban on hand-held devices by drivers. “If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,” he said, “people are going to be 10 (afraid) to put their hands on the cell phone.” (23-24高二下·上海杨浦区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Gender Equality In many cultures, women have historically been discriminated against and treated as second-class citizens. Even today, many girls and women encounter significant challenges. Fortunately, there are organizations 1 (strive) to advance equitable treatment of girls and women. The question remains 2 girls in various locations truly have equal educational opportunities compared to boys. In countries with overwhelming poverty and strict gender roles, girls face a higher likelihood of   3 (pull) out of school. Shockingly, millions of girls worldwide are forced into marriage before reaching 18, which prematurely ends their childhood and hinders their educational journey. Even in countries   4 educational opportunities are available for girls, their aspirations (志向) can be limited by psychological barriers. Girls who   5 (not witness) women succeed in particular fields often doubt their own ability 6 (enter) those fields. Nonetheless, as more women achieve success, their influence could potentially pave the way for future generations. The importance of gender equality extends beyond just women; it benefits society as a whole. Research indicates that every dollar   7 (invest) in women’s and children’s health can yield a significant long-term return of $20. Educated women contribute significantly to their communities 8 their work and by transmitting their knowledge and appreciation of education to their children. Thus, it is essential to promote gender equality 9 we can build a brighter future where everyone has equal opportunities and society as a whole can reap the benefits of a 10 (educated) population. (22-23高二下·上海复旦附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use ONE word that best fits each blank. Coping With the Sunday Scaries A few years ago, I was in the kitchen of a friend’s house preparing a meal. When we all sat down to eat, my friend’s wife wolfed down her supper and then disappeared into another room to do some work. He smiled and said, “Sunday nights are the new Monday mornings around here.” I was surprised at the time. Now, I find myself 1 (behave) in exactly the same manner. Every time I open up my calendar on Sunday evening, a subtle sense of dread comes over me. I feel as 2 I am behind before the week has even begun. Apparently, my Sunday-night anxieties and Monday-morning blues are not unique to me alone. A new study led by Ilke Inceoglu from the University of Exeter found that this phenomenon often takes the form of mental concerns about the week ahead, as well as feelings of nervousness and difficulty with sleeping. “It’s as if your mind moves away from 3 has been experienced over the weekend as the general sense of relaxation or enjoyment, and quickly shifts towards whatever worries you have about everything you’ve got to do in the work week ahead,” said one of Inceoglu’s respondents. Inceoglu found that these Sunday scaries were particularly pronounced 4 people who frequently checked their emails during the weekend, had tasks left over from the previous week, and had unreasonably high expectations of themselves. These matters seem 5 (make) worse as a result of the pandemic, where the rise of working from home 6 (blur) the boundaries between work and leisure. What should we do about the “Sunday scaries”? Researchers have offered some useful suggestions that 7 help us make Monday less depressing. One is to change 8 you think about the weekend. One U.S. study found that when participants were asked to treat their weekend as a mini-vacation, they tended to do more cheerful activities and returned to work on Monday satisfied with their jobs. 9 second way is to redesign our Monday so that it has some of the features that make us feel good during the weekend. Introducing simple changes, such as starting the day with something you are good at, setting aside a little unstructured time where you are able to do what you want, or setting up a lunchtime date with 10 you find enjoyable to be around, could make all the difference. (22-23高二下·上海华二附中·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage, coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. Scientists were deeply concerned about what was happening. Avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) was first discovered in the winter of 1994 1 29 bald eagle carcasses were found near DeGray Lake, a man-made reservoir in Arkansas. Two years later, at least 70 eagles had died across several Arkansas reservoirs. By 1998, conditions continued to deteriorate as dead birds of different species including American coots, mallards and ring-necked ducks were confirmed at ten sites across six states. All of the documented cases of this 2 (emerge) disease occurred on or near manmade water reservoirs with abundant aquatic vegetation. But what particularly puzzled scientists was 3 these birds behaved before they died. The birds were observed suddenly flying straight 4 stationary objects (rock walls and trees), swimming in circles, and with their wings drooped. For many years, scientists from state and federal agencies tried to figure out what was killing the birds and the testing of sediment and dead birds at affected water reservoirs for xenobiotic compounds that cause AVM 5 (reveal) nothing. Necropsies of the birds’ brains showed widespread vacuolation of white matter of the central nervous system and spinal cord which explained their uncoordinated behaviour. Early studies suggested that an unknown, seasonal and environmental neurotoxin 6 be responsible. Recently, a paper published in the journal Science has pinpointed the exact neurotoxin responsible for the death of those bald eagles in Arkansas. The research describes the series of events that leads to AVM. It’s a fatal three-part process that requires invasive plants, abundant bacteria, and chemicals in the environment. It begins with the invasive plant named Hydrilla verticillata, also called waterthyme, first introduced to the United States in the 1950’s 7 an aquarium plant. The plant is home to cyanobacteria called Aetokthonos hydrillicola which colonize up to 95% of the plant leaves. The cyanobacteria aren’t 8 deadly to waterbirds but when they 9 (expose) to the chemical bromide in the environment, they produce a dangerous neurotoxin called aetokthonotoxin which causes AVM in birds. Previous field and laboratory studies have also demonstrated that AVM in herbivorous waterbirds due to the ingestion of H. verticillata can be transferred up the food chain to birds of prey which consume the 10 (affect) waterfowl. AVM thus presents a threat to multiple avian species. Furthermore, feeding trials have also confirmed neuropathy and mortality in a wide range of taxa including amphibians, reptiles, and fish. This work highlights the role of cyanobacteria as potentially dangerous toxin producers and further research into how the toxin effects human health via the consumption of fish and waterbirds from these contaminated reservoirs is urgently required. (22-23高二下·上海上海中学·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. Two Ancient Stories and the Geological Events That May Have Inspired Them Myths have fed the imaginations and souls of humans for thousands of years. The vast majority of these are just stories people 1 (hand) down through the ages. But a few have roots in real geological events of the past, providing warning of potential dangers and speaking to the awe we hold for the power of the planet.The Oracle (神示所) at Delphi In ancient Greece, in the town of Delphi on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, there was a temple 2 (devote) to the god Apollo. Within a sacred chamber, a priestess called the Pythia would breathe in sweet-smelling vapors coming from 3 crack in the rock. These vapors would send her into a state of excitement during which she would channel Apollo and speak 4 would then be turned into prophesies (预言) by a priest. Science: The temple was a real place, and scientists have discovered two geologic faults (断层) 5 (run) beneath the site, now in ruins. Gas was likely coming from those cracks 6 the oracle was in action.Atlantis Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher, wrote that Atlantis, a great civilization founded by a race of people who were half god and half human, 7 (destroy) in a great disaster. Science: Atlantis probably wasn’t a real place, but a real island civilization may have inspired the tale. 8 the contestants is Santorini in Greece. Santorini is now a group of islands, but thousands of years ago it was a single island — a volcano named Thera. Around 3, 500 years ago, the volcano blew up, destroying the island, setting off tsunamis and blowing tons of sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫) into the atmosphere 9 it continued to exist for years and probably caused many cold, wet summers. Those conditions would have ruined harvests in the region and are thought 10 (contribute) to the quick decline of the Minoans, who had dominated the Mediterranean from nearby Crete. (22-23高二下·上海嘉定区·期末) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Most underrated pleasures of one’s life One of the biggest drivers of good relationships in our lives is a developed level of understanding in those relationships. The relationships 1 this understanding end up creating too much maintenance work. So it becomes more like luggage or at least something that needs attention or care rather than fun. I realized it with a couple of friends of mine. Recently my “friend ecosystem” had a sudden change. A couple of them 2 (leave) although I still have a couple around. I am also adding a couple of new ones. The whole change made me thoughtful. I started to think about the cause of being better friends with some. It turns out that among the large number of other factors, one of the key ones is 3 (understand). It can then be extended to personal and even business relationships. While 4 (hire) a key employee, one can be sure that it will work well if the other person enjoys and understands you well. It will be far 5 (productive) as the relationship related maintenance is low and you can focus on actual output. It 6 help you even when you are looking for funding partners, seed capital or business joint ventures (企业). Finally, how do you ensure you are understood? To start with, make sure that the people who 7 (matter) to you in any capacity like business, managerial, personal or family have an open relationship with you. Creating an open environment 8 others can discuss constructive aspects or difficult discussion is important. Being caring and respectful to 9 and being truthful are two different things. Truthfulness is as important as being respectful and caring. In the long term, truthfulness will result in a caring relationship. 10 you are understood well and have an open relationship, you can’t be truthful. When you get to that level with the person where you are completely understood, it will be an awesome feeling! 试卷第10页，共10页 试卷第9页，共10页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$