语法串讲03 动词的时态和语态（过去将来时，现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态， 主谓一致-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）

语法串讲 03 动词的时态和语态和主谓一致 (过去将来时+现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态，主谓一致)(精讲精练) 考点一 过去将来时 1. would+动词原形 (1)表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。 He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他会在车站等我们。 (2)表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。 Whenever we had trouble，he would come to help us.每当我们遇到困难时，他总会来帮助我们。 (3)用于虚拟语气中表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟。 If I were you，I would not do that. 要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。 2. “was/were going to+动词原形”表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。 She was not going to do anything that evening.那天晚上她不准备做任何事。 3. “was/were about to+动词原形”意为“正要、即将”，表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。常用于句型“be about to do...when...”，表示“正要做……这时……”。 We were about to set out on a trip when it suddenly began to rain heavily.我们正要出发去旅行，这时突然下起了大雨。 4. “was/were to+动词原形”表示曾计划做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行；或表示命中注定要发生的事。 I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。 【温馨提示】 1. go，come，leave，arrive，take off等少数趋向性短暂动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。 I asked her whether she was coming to the party.我问她是否要来参加晚会。 He told me Mr Green was leaving for Hawaii a few hours later.他告诉我格林先生几个小时后就要去夏威夷。 2. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know.( 第一个when引导宾语从句，可使用过去将来时；第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。) 我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。 【温馨提示】 "Sb. be about to do... when..."句型表示"某人正要做某事，这时(突然)……"。 I was about to leave when someone knocked at the door.我正要离开，突然有人敲门。 考点二 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 形式/时态 现在完成时的被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态 肯定式 主语+have/has been done 主语+am/is/are+being done 否定式 主语+have/has not been done 主语+am/is/are+not being done 一般疑问式 Have/Has+主语+been done？ Am/Is/Are (not)+主语+being done？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done？ 特殊疑问词+am/is/are (not)+主语+being done？ (一)现在进行时的被动语态 1. 表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。 My younger sister is now being interviewed.我妹妹现在正在接受采访。 It is said that the water in the lake is not being protected at the moment. 据说，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。 2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。 These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon. 以这样的速度捕杀这些动物，它们很快就会消失。 Who is being selected for the coming English speech contest? 谁正在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛接受挑选？ 3. 表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，表示赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。 I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is often being broken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 He is always being, praised by the teacher. 他总是被老师表扬。 4. 与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 Jim may be being interviewed by the reporters at the very moment. 吉姆此刻可能正在接受记者的采访。 5. 现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。 现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词 hold,take 等)。 A birthday party is being held tonight.今晚将要举行一场生日晚会。 6. 有些“介词+名词”结构可以表示现在进行时的被动意义。 请记住这些短语：on show，in use，under protection，under repair，under discussion，under consideration等。 The telephone is in use now.＝The telephone is being used now.现在电话正在使用中。 The problem is under discussion at the meeting now.＝The problem is being discussed at the meeting now.正在会议上讨论这个问题。 【温馨提示】短语动词的现在进行时变被动语态时,短语动词中的介词、副词不可省略。 The plan is being carried out well.计划进展顺利。 Make sure all patients are being taken care. of.确保所有的病人都被很好地照料。 (二)现在完成时的被动语态 1. 现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。 The machine has already been repaired. 机器已经被修好了。 The professor hasn’t been sent for yet.还没有派人去请教授。(现在应派人去请医生) --Has her homework been finished up till now? 到目前为止，她的家庭作业完成了吗？ --Yes, it has. 是的，完成了。(工作不用再做了) 2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句式中。 Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。 How long has this film been shown? 这部电影已经放映多长时间了？ 3. 用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished. 在你的作业完成之前你不应该离开学校。 [点津]常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： already已经；yet已经；尚，还；recently/lately最近；since then从那时起；ever since自那以来；ever曾经；so far迄今为止；for a long time很长一段时间；by now到现在为止；in recent years在最近几年里；in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里 【易混辨析】现在完成时和一般现在时的区别 在使用现在完成时时，要注意现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。 动作发生的时间 可对现在有无影响 一般过去时的被动语态 过去 无 现在完成时的被动语态 过去 有 The big fire has been put out. 大火已经被扑灭了。 The big fire was put out two hours ago. 大火在两小时前被扑灭了。 考点三 主谓一致 (一)、语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1. 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。 The results of the exam are to be announced soon. 考试结果将很快被公布。 His advice has been accepted. 他的建议已被接受。 2. 动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Reading aloud is good for us to learn English. 大声朗读对我们学习英语有好处。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 When we can go out freely has not been decided yet. 我们什么时候能自由出行还未决定。 3. 复合不定代词anyone，somebody，everything，nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 If anyone sees Mary，ask her to come to my office. 如果有人看见玛丽，请她到我办公室来。 4. “many a+单数名词/more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a student comes into the classroom. 很多学生进了教室。 More than one student wants to join the army. 不止一个学生想参军。 (二)意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指形单意复的名词或形复意单的名词要根据其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。 1. 当people，police，cattle等词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。 The police are searching for the missing child. 警方正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。 2. 表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Two miles is too far for the child. 两英里路程对这个小孩来说太远了。 3. “the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The rich are to help the poor. 富人要帮助穷人。 4. 表示某国人总称的词，如：the Chinese，the British等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The Chinese are hard-working. 中国人民是勤劳的。 5. 以-s结尾但意义为单数的news，maths，physics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Politics is a difficult subject for many students. 对许多学生来说，政治是一门很难的学科。 The news that he passed the test is exciting. 他通过测试的消息激动人心。 6. 单复数同形的词sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词单复数与实际意义一致。 3 sheep are eating grass there. 三只羊正在那里吃草。 A sheep is lying there. 一只羊正躺在那里。 【温馨提示】如果and连接两个"every/each +名词"的结构时，谓语动词常用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl in our class has made great progress. 我们班的每个男孩和女孩都取得了很大的进步。 (2)"all/most/half/the rest/... + of +名词/代词"或"分数/百分数+名词/代词"作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。 The rest of the buildings were easy to get to and the rest of his time was spent in enjoying the beautiful scenes. 其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。 He got back home, finding that some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。 (三)就近一致原则 就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 1. 由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接的并列主语的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。 Either you or he is to blame for the failure of the project. 不是你就是他应该为项目的失败负责。 Not you but I am responsible for the delay. 不是你而是我应对这次的延误负责。 2. 在there be/here be 句型中，谓语动词的数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the office. 办公室里有两把椅子和一张桌子。 (四)主谓一致的几个难点 1. 并列主语的主谓一致 (1)两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 Steam and ice are different forms of water. 蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。 (2)两个单数名词用and 连接，表示同一人，同一物或同一概念时谓语动词用单数。 The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room. 那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。 (3)两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，many a等修饰限定时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。 Every man and every woman is at work. 所有人都在工作。 2. 主语后有with，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including，rather than，besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。 Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory. 只有一名教师和三名学生在实验室里。 3. 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。 Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school. 在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体) His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad. 他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体) (2)由两部分构成的表示物体的名词如：trousers，pants，jeans，shoes，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of/two pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。 These trousers need washing. 这些裤子需要洗。 This pair of trousers is hers. 这条裤子是她的。 4. 数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。 About three fourths of the surface of the Earth is water.地球表面大约四分之三是水。 About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls. 我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。 (2)由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。 A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend. 讲师之间一系列的辩论被安排在下周末。 (3)a number of(许多)，a variety of(各种各样的)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。但是the number of(……的数目)和the variety of(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 A number of students are from the south. 许多学生来自南方。 The number of students from the south is large. 来自南方的学生人数很多。 5. “one of+可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the (only) one of+可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written in French. 这是其中一本用法语写的书。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. 他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。 一定 看时间标志词、时态 语境、并列谓语及固定句型确定主语和谓语 二定 之间的关系是主语态动还是被动依据三原则确 三定 定谓语动词的主谓一致单复数形式 1. (2024·北京卷·语法填空·A)When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 13.　　　　　(give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【答案】gives 【解析】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这有助于我们找到生活中的重要方面,并给予我们做出正确选择的机会。分析句子结构可知, “helps” 与空格处是由and 连接的并列谓语动词,时态应保持一致,故此处应用一般现在时;且此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句中的谓语,which 指代 “When. . . emotions”,因此,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填gives。 【易错分析】此处识别and的并列结构时,如果只分析句子的成分和结构,考生有可能会误认为identify与give并列;但结合上下文语境可知,and连接的是 “helps” 和 “gives”。 2. (2024·北京卷) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 　　　　　(name) the world􀆳s oldest living man.And when asked about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 【答案】was named 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处用作谓语;根据时间状语 “On April 5, 2024” 可知,描述的是过去发生的事,用一般过去时;主语 “John Tinniswood” 与动词name之间构成被动关系,用被动语态;且主语为第三人称单数,be动词应用 was。故填 was named。 3. (2024·全国高考甲卷)They 64.　　　　　(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.  【答案】were 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据本句后面had spent可知,这里描述的是过去的情况,主语是They,谓语动词用复数形式,因此填were。句意:他们是一个由15名成员组成的探险队的一部分,该探险队花了近五个星期的时间见证了那里的自然美景。 4. (2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60.　　　　　(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【答案】walks 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语。根据上下文语境可知,此处用一般现在时。句子主语是the Silk Route Garden ,是单数形式,所以谓语用第三人称单数。故填walks。 5. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58.　　　　　(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.”  【答案】were 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作句子的谓语,主语为“Some of the things”,是复数概念,且根据上下文语境可知,空处应用一般过去时。故填were。 6. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 61.　　　　　_______(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  【答案】was built 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,主语为pavilion,是单数形式,空处作句子的谓语,pavilion与build之间为被动关系。这里描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。7．（2023·北京）I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 11 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 【答案】would throw 【解析】考查时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填would throw。 8．（2023·北京）Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】has established 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 9．I’m working at home today because my office (paint). 【答案】is being painted 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：我今天在家工作，因为我的办公室正在粉刷。空处为从句谓语动词，根据“I’m working at home today”可知，此处表示办公室正在被粉刷，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are being + 过去分词”，主语是单数，be动词用is。故填is being painted。 10．Jan’s life (improve) by the Internet so far. 【答案】has been improved 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，互联网已经改善了简的生活。根据时间状语so far可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，主语Jan’s life与improve之间为被动关系，句子应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语Jan’s life为单数概念，助动词应用has。故填has been improved。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）A new library (build) in our school now, and it will be open next month. 【答案】is being built 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我们学校正在建一个新的图书馆，将于下个月开放。根据时间状语now可知，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，又因为library和build之间是被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is being built。 2．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）My car (repair) in the factory now, so I have to take a bus to work. 【答案】is being repaired 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：我的车现在正在工厂里被修理，所以我不得不乘公交车去上班。根据时间状语now可知，句子表示现在正在进行的动作，且car与repair之间是被动关系，即“车被修理”，应用现在进行时的被动语态“am/is/are + being + 过去分词”，my car是第三人称单数，be动词使用is。故填is being repaired。 3．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）A new system together with several solutions （recommend）by the experts at the meeting now. 【答案】is being recommended 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：现在，专家们在会议上正在推荐一种新系统和几个解决方案。此处为句子的谓语动词，根据句意和时间状语now可知，此处使用现在进行时态，recommend与主语A new system together with several solutions之间为被动关系，且主语部分使用together with连接两个并列主语，谓语动词取决于前者A new system，所以谓语动词为is being recommended。故填is being recommended。 4．（2025高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）Although the peace agreement (discuss) by representatives from both sides now, the war still continues in the front. 【答案】is being discussed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：虽然双方的代表正在讨论和平协议，但前线的战争仍在继续。主语agreement与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文now可知正在发生用现在进行时的被动语态，故填is being discussed。 5．My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 【答案】is being repaired 【详解】考查现在进行时，被动语态。句意：这星期我的洗衣机正在修理，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句“所以我不得不手洗衣服”可知，我的洗衣机正在维修；“洗衣机是被维修”，所以此处要用被动语态；主语为“My washing machine”为第三人称单数，所以为is being repaired。故填is being repaired。 6．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The old house (repair) several times since last year, but it still looks shabby. 【答案】has been repaired 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这所老房子自去年以来已经被修缮了好几次，但看起来仍然很破旧。根据since last year可知，repair“修缮”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，主语The old house和repair之间是被动关系，所以要用现在完成时的被动语态 ，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been repaired。 7．（2025高一下·江苏·阶段练习）Over the past 50 years, about 17 percent of rainforest (destroy) due to human activities. 【答案】has been destroyed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的50年里，大约17%的雨林因人类活动而被破坏。空格处是谓语动词，主语about 17 percent of rainforest与动词destroy之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；由时间状语over the past 50 years可知，句子用现在完成时，主语是不可数名词，助动词用has。故填has been destroyed。 8．（2025高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）The investigation into the case (complete), and the results will be announced soon. 【答案】has been completed 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：对该案件的调查已经完成，结果将很快公布。本空作and前句子的谓语，此处强调动作已经完成，应用现在完成时，主语The investigation into the case与动词complete“完成”之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been completed。 9．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Recently, some athletes (see) training in the boxing field and the basketball court. 【答案】have been seen 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：最近，有人看到一些运动员在拳击场和篮球场训练。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“Recently”可知，时态应用现在完成时，see“看见，看到”和主语some athletes之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，助动词应用have。故填have been seen。 10．（2025高一上·江苏·期末）Two-fifths of our students (admit) to the well-known university so far.【答案】have been admitted 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，我们的学生中有五分之二被著名大学录取。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语so far判断应用现在完成时，主语students与admit之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语“Two-fifths of our students”为分数修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数，故助动词用have。故填have been admitted。 11．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）He said he (come) back to visit his hometown as soon as he finished his work. 【答案】would come 【详解】考查时态。句意：他说他一完成工作就会回老家。这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，主句用一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态。根据从句中finished his work可知是过去将来的动作，所以用过去将来时。故填would come。 12．（2025高一下·江苏南通·期中）Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was (come). 【答案】to come 【详解】考查时态。句意：它那灰蒙蒙的岩石，时而黑暗，时而明亮，讲述着过去火山喷发的故事，这可能曾警告过这座城市即将发生什么。what引导名词性从句，在从句中充当主语，空格处应填谓语动词，结合前面的谓语told以及might have warned 可知，空格处应填过去将来时，且主语为what。故填to come。 13．（2025高一下·江苏南通·期中）Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was (come). 【答案】to come 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：它灰白色的岩石，时而深时而浅，讲述了一个过去火山爆发的故事，那也许是在警告这座城市即将发生的事情。根据从句中was可知，从句应用过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要或将来发生的事，应用be to do结构，所以空处应用to come。故填to come。 14．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Amy admitted her mistake and promised that she (not do) it again. 【答案】wouldn’t do 【详解】考查时态。句意：艾米承认了自己的错误，并承诺不再重蹈覆辙。根据again可知，这里表示以后不再犯错，且主句中promised为一般过去时，故从句需要使用过去将来时。故填wouldn’t do。 15．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Black clouds coloured the sky dark. There (be) a storm. 【答案】was going to be 【详解】考查时态。句意：乌云使天空变得漆黑。将会有一场暴风雨。根据前一句Black clouds coloured the sky dark可知，天空乌云密布，由此可推测接下来将会有一场暴风雨，这里表示对过去的将来情况的推测，时态用过去将来时，其结构为“was/were going to+动词原形”，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was going to be。 16．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The number of students in our school (be) increasing year by year, which brings more challenges to teaching management. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我校学生人数逐年增加，这给教学管理带来了更多的挑战。“the number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，表示“……的数量”。本句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填is。 17．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The (injure) in the tsunami have been taken good care of by some medical teams so far. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查形容词。句意：到目前为止，一些医疗队已经很好地照顾了海啸中的伤员。空处作句子主语，表示“伤员”，应用形容词injured，“the + 形容词”表示一类人，the injured表示“伤员”。故填injured。 18．（2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）Ambulances (救护车) took the (injure) to a nearby hospital. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查形容词。句意：救护车将伤者送往附近的医院。此处是“the+形容词”用法，表示一类人，the injured“伤者”，故填injured。 19．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）The teacher and writer (prefer) to encourage students with inspiring stories. 【答案】prefers 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这位老师兼作家更喜欢用鼓舞人心的故事来鼓励学生。此处为句子的谓语，根据上下文的语境，这里描述的是一个一般的习惯或偏好，所以应该使用一般现在时，句子的主语the teacher and writer，指同一个人拥有两种身份，因此谓语动词应使用单数形式。故填prefers。 20．The book turns out to be one that (appeal) to the world for more than 350 years. 【答案】has appealed 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：事实证明，这本书350多年来一直受到全世界的欢迎。设空处为从句谓语，主语that指代one，谓语用第三人称单数，根据for more than 350 years可知应用现在完成时，故填has appealed。 21．At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China. 【答案】lies 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：重庆位于长江和嘉陵江交汇处，是中国十大城市之一。句子描述现在的客观事实，应用一般现在时，分析句子结构可知，本句使用完全倒装结构，主语Chongqing是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式lies。故填lies。 22．Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest (disappear) due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. 【答案】has disappeared 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的50年里，由于农业和畜牧业等人类活动，大约17%的雨林已经消失。结合语境和时间状语over the past 50 years可知，应用现在完成时，主语about 17 per cent of the rainforest不可数，助动词用has。故填has disappeared。 23．The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle. There were no (survive). 【答案】survivors 【详解】考查名词。句意：飞机坠毁在这个区域的密林里，没有幸存者。空格处是主语，指人，根据谓语动词were可知，用名词复数。故填survivors。 24．Great changes (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years. 【答案】have taken 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去几年里，我们家乡发生了巨大的改变。根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，此处应该用现在完成时：have/has done，不及物动词短语take place没有被动语态，并且主语是复数。故填have taken。 25．Some of the exercise machines (test) by a group of energetic young people now. 【答案】are being tested 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：现在一群精力充沛的年轻人正在测试一些运动器械。test在句中作谓语，根据后文now可知表示动作正在发生应用现在进行时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为Some of the exercise machines，谓语动词用复数。故填are being tested。 26．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）I wasn’t sure whether Dylan (lend) me his book the next morning. 【答案】would lend 【详解】考查时态。句意：我不敢肯定下星期一他是否会把他的书借给我。主句用的是一般过去时，宾语从句也用与过去相关的时态，结合从句中时间状语“the next Monday”可知，此处表示将来的事情，故用过去将来时，故填would lend。 27．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）The novel written by the author sells best, but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he (play) in the literary world. 【答案】was to play 【详解】考查时态。句意：这位作家写的小说最畅销，但五年前，没人能想象到他在文学界会起到多么重要的作用。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词。根据five years ago可知，这里表示在五年前（过去的时间）人们无法想象从那个时候往后他将会在文学界所起的作用，即从过去看将来要发生的动作，所以应该用过去将来时。可用“was/were to do”的结构。主语为he。故填was to play。 28．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）The birds, usually around 10 to 15 in number, (gather) around her before she even had a chance to take a bag of rice out of her handbag. 【答案】would gather 【详解】考查时态。句意：通常数量在 10 到 15 只左右的鸟儿，总会在她还没来得及从手提包里拿出一袋大米时就聚集到她身边。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据“before she even had a chance to take a bag of rice out of her handbag”可知，句子描述的是过去经常发生的一种情况，每当她准备从手提包里拿出大米时，鸟儿们总会聚集到她身边，这种情况是反复出现的。所以用“would do”的结构，表示过去常常做某事，强调过去的习惯或规律性。故填would gather。 29．（2025高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）You promised that you (take) care of everything while I was away, but look at the mess now! 【答案】would take 【详解】考查过去将来时。句意：你答应过我不在的时候你会照顾好一切，可你看看现在这一团糟。主句是一般过去时，从句表示将来，应用过去将来时。故填would take。 30．（2025高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）She (start) her presentation when she noticed that the computer wasn’t working, forcing her to do it without any visual aids. 【答案】was about to start 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：她正要开始做报告，突然发现电脑坏了，她不得不在没有任何视觉辅助的情况下做报告。结合when以及forcing her to do it without any visual aids可知，此处指“正要做某事，这时（突然）……”，使用固定句型be about to do sth when...，结合noticed可知使用过去将来时，故填was about to start。 Ⅱ.完成句子 1．那天我正要向她挥手告别这时他开始向我道歉。（be about to do … when） he began to that day. 【答案】 I was about to wave goodbye to her when apologize to me 【详解】考查固定句式及时态。be about to do when“正要做某事……这时……”，由began可知主句时态是过去将来时，主语为I，因此be动词用was，表达“向她挥手告别”应用动词短语wave goodbye to her；表示“向我道歉”应用apologize to me。故填①I was about to wave goodbye to her when②apologize to me。 2．当我在那家公司工作时，我会在早上5点起床。 When I worked in that company, I at 5 am. 【答案】 would get up 【详解】考查时态。“会”表示过去常常做某事，应该用过去将来时，would+动词原形。“起床”为get up。故填would get up。 3．我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。 We leave when it began to rain. 【答案】 were about to 【详解】考查动词时态和短语。句意：我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。本句为be about to do sth when....句型，再根据“ began ”可知，为过去将来时。故填were about to。 4．他说他不会发火，但让我们失望了。 He said he , but he . 【答案】 wouldn’t let off steam let us down 【详解】考查动词时态和动词短语。表示“发火”应用动词短语let off steam，作said之后宾语从句的谓语动词，由句意及空①前的said可知此处应用过去将来时，“不会”表达为wouldn’t，所以空①填wouldn’t let off steam；表示“让某人失望”应用动词短语let sb down，“我们”用宾格us，let作空②所在句子的谓语动词，根据句意可知“但让我们失望了”陈述过去的事情，此处应用一般过去时，故空①答案为wouldn’t let off steam，空②答案为let us down。 5．They someone to take part in their bet they saw Henry walking on the street outside. 他们正要找个人参与他们的打赌，这时他们看到亨利在大街上走着。 【答案】 were going to find when 【详解】考查时态和连词。中英文句子对比可知，①空处应填“正要找”，结合后文从句谓语动词“saw”可知，空处应用过去将来时来，可用“was/were going to + 动词原形”，主语为They，be动词用were，“找”用动词find，且在该结构中用原形，②空处应填“这时”，此句为固定句型“sb. be going to do sth. when...”，表示“某人正要做某事，这时……”，第二空填when。故填①were going to find；②when。 6．He   when it began to rain. 他正要出去时天下起雨来了。 【答案】was about to go out/was on the point of going out 【详解】考查时态和动词短语。表示“出门”应用动词短语go out，表示“ 正要做……这时……”，应使用句式be about to do...when...或be on the point of doing...when... ，前后时态要保持一致，由后半部分began可知，应用一般过去时，故答案为was about to go out/was on the point of going out。 7．老板说，他将在不久的将来把业务扩展到国外。 The boss said that he in the near future. 【答案】would extend his business to foreign countries 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“把……扩展到……”使用动词短语extend...to...，“业务”使用名词business，“国外”使用短语foreign countries，主句中said使用的是一般过去时，宾语从句表示将来，应用过去将来时。故填would extend his business to foreign countries。 8．每年，数十亿棵树木遭到砍伐，用于人类造纸。 Billions of trees every year to make paper for humans.(cut，现在进行时的被动语态) 【答案】are being cut down 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“砍伐”使用动词短语cut down，和主语Billions of trees之间是被动关系，且描述正在发生的事情，故用现在进行时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词使用are。故填are being cut down。 9．在野生动物保护方面尽管我们正在做大量工作，但是，如果真想拯救地球，就必须改变我们自己的生活方式。 Much to protect wildlife, but if we really want to ,we must . 【答案】 is being done save the earth change our own way of life 【详解】考查动词时态语态和非谓语。根据所给句子的汉语意思以及句子结构，主语 “Much”（很多工作）与“do”（做）之间是被动关系，表示正在进行的动作，用现在进行时的被动语态。所以第一个空应填入“is being done”。2空：“拯救地球”为“save the earth”，want to do sth，所以第二个空应填入“save the earth”。3空：“change one's way of life”表示“改变某人的生活方式”，must后接动词原形，所以第三个空应填入“change our own way of life”。故分别填：is being done；save the earth；change our own way of life。 10．为了解决这个问题，目前正在采取一些措施。 In order to solve the problem, some measures at this moment. 【答案】 are being taken 【详解】考查动词时态语态。表示“采取措施”应用take measures，some measures和take为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合时间状语“at this moment”可知，使用现在进行时，主语为复数名词，be动词用are。故填①are；②being；③taken。 11．中国修建了越来越多的高铁，这给外国人留下了深刻印象。 More and more high-speed rails in China, which foreigners. 【答案】 are being built impresses 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态和一般现在时。“修建”用动词build，在主句中作谓语，由句意可知，“中国修建了越来越多的高铁”表示现阶段正在进行的动作，且More and more high-speed rails与build之间为被动关系，build用现在进行时的被动语态，结构是be being done，主语rails是复数形式，be动词用are，第一空填are being built；表示“给……留下深刻印象”用动词impress，在从句作谓语，且这里时态应用一般现在时表客观情况，which指代前面整个句子，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式impresses。故填are being built；impresses。 12．现在，措施正在采取以帮助他们摆脱困境。 Nowadays to help them out of the difficulty. 【答案】 measures are being taken 【详解】考查动词短语和动词语态。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示“措施正在采取”，应用动词短语take measures to do sth.的被动语态，结合时间状语nowadays可知，句子陈述现在正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填①measures；②are；③being；④taken。 13．他们应该重植沿河岸的本土树木，在那些地方，表层土壤正在快速地流失。 They should replant indigenous trees along river banks the top soil is 【答案】 where being washed away 【详解】考查定语从句和时态语态。第一空定语从句修饰先行词banks，从句缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导；第二空表示“流失”应用wash away，与主语构成被动关系，且表示正在发生，用现在进行时的被动语态，故填①where；②being washed away。 14．这个传说是通过口口相传流传下来的。 The legend has been by word of mouth. 【答案】 passed down 【详解】考查固定短语和被动语态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“流传下来”，是固定短语pass down，由has been可知，句子是现在完成时的被动语态，因此空格处是passed down。故填passed，down。 15．随着越来越多的外国人爱上中文，已有超过五百多所的孔子学院在全世界范围建立。 With more and more foreigners , more than five hundred Confucius Institutes all around the world. 【答案】 falling in love with Chinese have been established 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。第一空为with的复合结构，表示“爱上”短语为fall in love with，后跟Chinese作宾语，与foreigners构成主动关系，用现在分词作宾补；第二空表示“建立”用动词establish，与主语more than five hundred Confucius Institutes构成被动关系，且过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。故填①falling in love with Chinese；②have been established。 16．定期参观博物馆是提高我们历史兴趣的一个好方法。（be a great way to do sth. ） Visiting museums regularly . 【答案】is a great way to increase our interest in history 【详解】考查句子结构，时态和动词不定式。根据汉语句子可知，设空处对应“是提高我们历史兴趣的一个好方法”，“是”用be表达，作谓语动词，结合语境用一般现在时，且主语为动名词，为第三人称单数，这里be用is；“一个……的好方法”用短语“a great way to do”表达，不定式做后置定语；“提高我们历史兴趣”用动词短语“increase our interest in history”表达，置于不定式符号to之后，动词用原形。故填is a great way to increase our interest in history。 17．昨天商店里人如潮涌。 in the shops yesterday. 【答案】There were masses of/a mass of people 【详解】考查固定句型，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“人如潮涌”，也就是“有很多人”，“有”用there be句型，由yesterday可知，时态用一般过去时，“很多人”是masses of/a mass of people，为复数，因此be动词用were，位于句首的单词首字母大写。故填There were masses of/a mass of people。 18．在我看来，你和这个年轻人都不应该为这次事故负责任。 As far as I’m concerned, for the accident. 【答案】neither you nor this young man is to blame 【详解】考查固定句型和主谓一致。表示“两者都不”句型为neither…nor…；表示“这个年轻人”为this young man；且neither…nor…句型遵循就近原则，谓语与man保持一致，用单数；表示“为……负责”短语为be to blame for，陈述事实用一般现在时。故填neither you nor this young man is to blame。 19．不是汤姆就是他的双胞胎妹妹/姐姐们将在明天的晚会上演出。 tomorrow evening. 【答案】Either Tom or his twin sisters are going to put on a performance 【详解】考查连词、主谓一致、时态和固定搭配。“不是……就是……”可表示为either...or...短语；“汤姆”可表示为Tom；“他的双胞胎妹妹/姐姐们”可表示为his twin sisters；“将”可知这里应用be going to do...结构表示将来；“演出”可表示为put on a performance。主语由either...or...连接时，谓语应和or后的主语保持一致，所以本句应和his twin sisters保持一致，谓语用复数。故答案为Either Tom or his twin sisters are going to put on a performance。 20．如今，骑自行车和慢跑、游泳一样被认为是最好的运动方式之一。 Nowadays, one of the best forms of exercise. 【答案】cycling together with/along with/with/as well as jogging and swimming is considered as 【详解】考查固定搭配和主谓一致。句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时；“骑自行车和慢跑、游泳一样”翻译为cycling together with/along with/with/as well as jogging and swimming，作主语，谓语动词和cycling保持一致，用单数形式；“被认为是”翻译为be considered as，此处be动词用is。故填cycling together with/along with/with/as well as jogging and swimming is considered as。 Ⅲ 句型转换 1． The twins would in no case give in to their failure in cooking the breakfast. (句型转换) → in cooking the breakfast.(变为倒装句) 【答案】In no case would the twins give in to their failure 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：这对双胞胎绝不会屈服于煮早餐失败的挑战。改为倒装句，将In no case放在句首，所在句子进行部分倒装，助动词为would，放在主语the twins之前其余不变。故填In no case would the twins give in to their failure。 2．“Will scientists discover new species there?” Bob asked Laura.(改为间接引语) Bob asked Laura scientists discover new species there. 【答案】 whether/if would 【详解】考查间接引语。句意：鲍勃问劳拉科学家们是否会在那里发现新物种。直接引语为一般疑问句，间接引语用连词whether或if引导，语序改为陈述句语序。一般将来时改为过去将来时 。故填①whether/if②would。 3．Workers are cutting down some trees in the park. → Some trees by workers in the park. → some trees by workers? （句型转换） 【答案】 are being cut down Where are being cut down 【详解】考查主动语态转换为被动语态和特殊疑问句。句意：工人们正在公园里砍树。题干是主动语态句子，主语为workers，谓语是are cutting down，宾语是some trees in the park。转换为被动语态时，原来的宾语some trees变成了主语，时态要与原句一致，因此变为现在进行时的被动语态are being cut down，后接介词短语by workers表示动作的执行者，所以第一空填入are being cut down。第二三空变成特殊疑问句，对in the park进行提问，第二空应该用特殊疑问词where引出，时态语态不变，谓语动词为现在进行时的被动语态，即are being cut down，be动词提到主语some trees前。句首单词首字母大写，故填①are being cut down②Where are③being cut down。 4．The World Wildlife Fund is protecting the African elephants. (转换成被动语态) 【答案】The African elephants are being protected by the World Wildlife Fund. 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：世界野生动物基金会正在保护非洲象。原句为主动语态，转换为被动语态时，将宾语African elephants变为被动语态的主语，谓语动词转换为are being protected，并添加介词by引出动作的执行者The World Wildlife Fund。故转换为The African elephants are being protected by the World Wildlife Fund。 5．People have celebrated the fesival in this town since the 18th century.(改为被动句) 【答案】The festival has been celebrated in this town since the 18th century. 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：自18世纪以来，这个小镇就开始庆祝这个节日。改为被动语态时，将原句的宾语the fesival作为主语，原句是现在完成时，改为现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，助动词使用has，故填The festival has been celebrated in this town since the 18th century. 6．I have used this app several times since I downloaded it. (把句子改为被动语态) 【答案】This app has been used several times since it was downloaded. 【详解】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：自从我下载这个应用程序以来，我已经用过好几次了。I have used是现在完成时，变成被动语态时，应改为现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done，原句中的宾语this app变成被动语态中的主语，app是单数，助动词用has，“I downloaded it”改为被动语态时，用一般过去时的被动语态，即it was downloaded。故答案为This app has been used several times since it was downloaded. 7．Both his father and his mother are fond of light music. （用neither...nor...改为否定句） 【答案】Neither his father nor his mother is fond of light music. 【详解】句意：他的父亲和母亲都喜欢轻音乐。结合句意可知，both…and…的否定句，并非是在谓语动词处加not，而是转换为neither…nor…，注意：在使用neither…nor…时不能再使用not，故改为Neither his father nor his mother is fond of light music. 8．If you are tired，you can sit on this end of the boat and you can also sit on the other end.（用either...or...改写句子） 【答案】If you are tired，you can sit either on this end of the boat or on the other 【详解】either…or…表示“要么……要么……”，是固定结构，表示选择关系，结合句意可知，是this end of the boat和on the other end这两个部分的选择，故改为If you are tired，you can sit either on this end of the boat or on the other. 9．There is no doubt that we benefit from the voluntary work. (改写为同义句) There is no doubt that doing voluntary work us. 【答案】 is beneficial to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：毫无疑问，我们从志愿工作中受益。原句中“我们从志愿工作中受益”改写为“做志愿工作对我们有益”，动词短语benefit from替换为be beneficial to，意为“对……有益处”，作从句谓语，主语是动名词短语，系动词用单数。故填is；beneficial；to。 10．The man sat in the chair,with his hands tied behind his back. (句型转换) →The man sat in the chair, whose hands   behind his back. 【答案】were tied 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：那人坐在椅子上，他的双手反绑在背后。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据原句中with的复合结构可知，hands与动词tie之间为被动关系，根据主句中的sat以及句意可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，所以使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为名词复数。故填were tied。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语法串讲 03 动词的时态和语态和主谓一致 (过去将来时+现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态，主谓一致)(精讲精练) 考点一 过去将来时 1. would+动词原形 (1)表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。 He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他会在车站等我们。 (2)表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。 Whenever we had trouble，he would come to help us.每当我们遇到困难时，他总会来帮助我们。 (3)用于虚拟语气中表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟。 If I were you，I would not do that. 要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。 2. “was/were going to+动词原形”表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。 She was not going to do anything that evening.那天晚上她不准备做任何事。 3. “was/were about to+动词原形”意为“正要、即将”，表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。常用于句型“be about to do...when...”，表示“正要做……这时……”。 We were about to set out on a trip when it suddenly began to rain heavily.我们正要出发去旅行，这时突然下起了大雨。 4. “was/were to+动词原形”表示曾计划做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行；或表示命中注定要发生的事。 I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。 【温馨提示】 1. go，come，leave，arrive，take off等少数趋向性短暂动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。 I asked her whether she was coming to the party.我问她是否要来参加晚会。 He told me Mr Green was leaving for Hawaii a few hours later.他告诉我格林先生几个小时后就要去夏威夷。 2. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know.( 第一个when引导宾语从句，可使用过去将来时；第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。) 我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。 【温馨提示】 "Sb. be about to do... when..."句型表示"某人正要做某事，这时(突然)……"。 I was about to leave when someone knocked at the door.我正要离开，突然有人敲门。 考点二 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 形式/时态 现在完成时的被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态 肯定式 主语+have/has been done 主语+am/is/are+being done 否定式 主语+have/has not been done 主语+am/is/are+not being done 一般疑问式 Have/Has+主语+been done？ Am/Is/Are (not)+主语+being done？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done？ 特殊疑问词+am/is/are (not)+主语+being done？ (一)现在进行时的被动语态 1. 表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。 My younger sister is now being interviewed.我妹妹现在正在接受采访。 It is said that the water in the lake is not being protected at the moment. 据说，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。 2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。 These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon. 以这样的速度捕杀这些动物，它们很快就会消失。 Who is being selected for the coming English speech contest? 谁正在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛接受挑选？ 3. 表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，表示赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。 I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is often being broken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 He is always being, praised by the teacher. 他总是被老师表扬。 4. 与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 Jim may be being interviewed by the reporters at the very moment. 吉姆此刻可能正在接受记者的采访。 5. 现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。 现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词 hold,take 等)。 A birthday party is being held tonight.今晚将要举行一场生日晚会。 6. 有些“介词+名词”结构可以表示现在进行时的被动意义。 请记住这些短语：on show，in use，under protection，under repair，under discussion，under consideration等。 The telephone is in use now.＝The telephone is being used now.现在电话正在使用中。 The problem is under discussion at the meeting now.＝The problem is being discussed at the meeting now.正在会议上讨论这个问题。 【温馨提示】短语动词的现在进行时变被动语态时,短语动词中的介词、副词不可省略。 The plan is being carried out well.计划进展顺利。 Make sure all patients are being taken care. of.确保所有的病人都被很好地照料。 (二)现在完成时的被动语态 1. 现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。 The machine has already been repaired. 机器已经被修好了。 The professor hasn’t been sent for yet.还没有派人去请教授。(现在应派人去请医生) --Has her homework been finished up till now? 到目前为止，她的家庭作业完成了吗？ --Yes, it has. 是的，完成了。(工作不用再做了) 2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句式中。 Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。 How long has this film been shown? 这部电影已经放映多长时间了？ 3. 用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished. 在你的作业完成之前你不应该离开学校。 [点津]常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： already已经；yet已经；尚，还；recently/lately最近；since then从那时起；ever since自那以来；ever曾经；so far迄今为止；for a long time很长一段时间；by now到现在为止；in recent years在最近几年里；in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里 【易混辨析】现在完成时和一般现在时的区别 在使用现在完成时时，要注意现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。 动作发生的时间 可对现在有无影响 一般过去时的被动语态 过去 无 现在完成时的被动语态 过去 有 The big fire has been put out. 大火已经被扑灭了。 The big fire was put out two hours ago. 大火在两小时前被扑灭了。 考点三 主谓一致 (一)、语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1. 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。 The results of the exam are to be announced soon. 考试结果将很快被公布。 His advice has been accepted. 他的建议已被接受。 2. 动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Reading aloud is good for us to learn English. 大声朗读对我们学习英语有好处。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 When we can go out freely has not been decided yet. 我们什么时候能自由出行还未决定。 3. 复合不定代词anyone，somebody，everything，nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 If anyone sees Mary，ask her to come to my office. 如果有人看见玛丽，请她到我办公室来。 4. “many a+单数名词/more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a student comes into the classroom. 很多学生进了教室。 More than one student wants to join the army. 不止一个学生想参军。 (二)意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指形单意复的名词或形复意单的名词要根据其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。 1. 当people，police，cattle等词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。 The police are searching for the missing child. 警方正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。 2. 表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Two miles is too far for the child. 两英里路程对这个小孩来说太远了。 3. “the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The rich are to help the poor. 富人要帮助穷人。 4. 表示某国人总称的词，如：the Chinese，the British等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The Chinese are hard-working. 中国人民是勤劳的。 5. 以-s结尾但意义为单数的news，maths，physics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Politics is a difficult subject for many students. 对许多学生来说，政治是一门很难的学科。 The news that he passed the test is exciting. 他通过测试的消息激动人心。 6. 单复数同形的词sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词单复数与实际意义一致。 3 sheep are eating grass there. 三只羊正在那里吃草。 A sheep is lying there. 一只羊正躺在那里。 【温馨提示】如果and连接两个"every/each +名词"的结构时，谓语动词常用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl in our class has made great progress. 我们班的每个男孩和女孩都取得了很大的进步。 (2)"all/most/half/the rest/... + of +名词/代词"或"分数/百分数+名词/代词"作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。 The rest of the buildings were easy to get to and the rest of his time was spent in enjoying the beautiful scenes. 其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。 He got back home, finding that some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。 (三)就近一致原则 就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 1. 由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接的并列主语的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。 Either you or he is to blame for the failure of the project. 不是你就是他应该为项目的失败负责。 Not you but I am responsible for the delay. 不是你而是我应对这次的延误负责。 2. 在there be/here be 句型中，谓语动词的数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the office. 办公室里有两把椅子和一张桌子。 (四)主谓一致的几个难点 1. 并列主语的主谓一致 (1)两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 Steam and ice are different forms of water. 蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。 (2)两个单数名词用and 连接，表示同一人，同一物或同一概念时谓语动词用单数。 The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room. 那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。 (3)两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，many a等修饰限定时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。 Every man and every woman is at work. 所有人都在工作。 2. 主语后有with，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including，rather than，besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。 Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory. 只有一名教师和三名学生在实验室里。 3. 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。 Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school. 在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体) His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad. 他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体) (2)由两部分构成的表示物体的名词如：trousers，pants，jeans，shoes，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of/two pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。 These trousers need washing. 这些裤子需要洗。 This pair of trousers is hers. 这条裤子是她的。 4. 数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。 About three fourths of the surface of the Earth is water.地球表面大约四分之三是水。 About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls. 我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。 (2)由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。 A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend. 讲师之间一系列的辩论被安排在下周末。 (3)a number of(许多)，a variety of(各种各样的)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。但是the number of(……的数目)和the variety of(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 A number of students are from the south. 许多学生来自南方。 The number of students from the south is large. 来自南方的学生人数很多。 5. “one of+可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the (only) one of+可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written in French. 这是其中一本用法语写的书。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. 他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。 一定 看时间标志词、时态 语境、并列谓语及固定句型确定主语和谓语 二定 之间的关系是主语态动还是被动依据三原则确 三定 定谓语动词的主谓一致单复数形式 1. (2024·北京卷·语法填空·A)When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 13.　　　　　(give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 2. (2024·北京卷) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 　　　　　(name) the world􀆳s oldest living man.And when asked about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 3. (2024·全国高考甲卷)They 64.　　　　　(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.  4. (2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60.　　　　　(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 5. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58.　　　　　(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.”  6. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 61.　　　　　_______(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  7．（2023·北京）I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 11 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 8．（2023·北京）Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 9．I’m working at home today because my office (paint). 10．Jan’s life (improve) by the Internet so far. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）A new library (build) in our school now, and it will be open next month. 2．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）My car (repair) in the factory now, so I have to take a bus to work. 3．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）A new system together with several solutions （recommend）by the experts at the meeting now. 4．（2025高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）Although the peace agreement (discuss) by representatives from both sides now, the war still continues in the front. 5．My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 6．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The old house (repair) several times since last year, but it still looks shabby. 7．（2025高一下·江苏·阶段练习）Over the past 50 years, about 17 percent of rainforest (destroy) due to human activities. 8．（2025高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）The investigation into the case (complete), and the results will be announced soon. 9．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Recently, some athletes (see) training in the boxing field and the basketball court. 10．（2025高一上·江苏·期末）Two-fifths of our students (admit) to the well-known university so far. 11．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）He said he (come) back to visit his hometown as soon as he finished his work. 12．（2025高一下·江苏南通·期中）Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was (come). 13．（2025高一下·江苏南通·期中）Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was (come). 14．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Amy admitted her mistake and promised that she (not do) it again. 15．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Black clouds coloured the sky dark. There (be) a storm. 16．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The number of students in our school (be) increasing year by year, which brings more challenges to teaching management. 17．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The (injure) in the tsunami have been taken good care of by some medical teams so far. 18．（2025高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）Ambulances (救护车) took the (injure) to a nearby hospital. 19．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）The teacher and writer (prefer) to encourage students with inspiring stories. 20．The book turns out to be one that (appeal) to the world for more than 350 years. 21．At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China. 22．Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest (disappear) due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. 23．The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle. There were no (survive). 24．Great changes (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years. 25．Some of the exercise machines (test) by a group of energetic young people now. 26．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）I wasn’t sure whether Dylan (lend) me his book the next morning. 27．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）The novel written by the author sells best, but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he (play) in the literary world. 28．（2025高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）The birds, usually around 10 to 15 in number, (gather) around her before she even had a chance to take a bag of rice out of her handbag. 29．（2025高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）You promised that you (take) care of everything while I was away, but look at the mess now! 30．（2025高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）She (start) her presentation when she noticed that the computer wasn’t working, forcing her to do it without any visual aids. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．那天我正要向她挥手告别这时他开始向我道歉。（be about to do … when） he began to that day. 2．当我在那家公司工作时，我会在早上5点起床。 When I worked in that company, I at 5 am. 3．我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。 We leave when it began to rain. 4．他说他不会发火，但让我们失望了。 He said he , but he . 5．They someone to take part in their bet they saw Henry walking on the street outside. 他们正要找个人参与他们的打赌，这时他们看到亨利在大街上走着。 6．He   when it began to rain. 他正要出去时天下起雨来了。 7．老板说，他将在不久的将来把业务扩展到国外。 The boss said that he in the near future. 8．每年，数十亿棵树木遭到砍伐，用于人类造纸。 Billions of trees every year to make paper for humans.(cut，现在进行时的被动语态) 9．在野生动物保护方面尽管我们正在做大量工作，但是，如果真想拯救地球，就必须改变我们自己的生活方式。 Much to protect wildlife, but if we really want to ,we must . 10．为了解决这个问题，目前正在采取一些措施。 In order to solve the problem, some measures at this moment. 11．中国修建了越来越多的高铁，这给外国人留下了深刻印象。 More and more high-speed rails in China, which foreigners. 12．现在，措施正在采取以帮助他们摆脱困境。 Nowadays to help them out of the difficulty. 13．他们应该重植沿河岸的本土树木，在那些地方，表层土壤正在快速地流失。 They should replant indigenous trees along river banks the top soil is 14．这个传说是通过口口相传流传下来的。 The legend has been by word of mouth. 15．随着越来越多的外国人爱上中文，已有超过五百多所的孔子学院在全世界范围建立。 With more and more foreigners , more than five hundred Confucius Institutes all around the world. 16．定期参观博物馆是提高我们历史兴趣的一个好方法。（be a great way to do sth. ） Visiting museums regularly . 17．昨天商店里人如潮涌。 in the shops yesterday. 18．在我看来，你和这个年轻人都不应该为这次事故负责任。 As far as I’m concerned, for the accident. 19．不是汤姆就是他的双胞胎妹妹/姐姐们将在明天的晚会上演出。 tomorrow evening. 20．如今，骑自行车和慢跑、游泳一样被认为是最好的运动方式之一。 Nowadays, one of the best forms of exercise. Ⅲ 句型转换 1． The twins would in no case give in to their failure in cooking the breakfast. (句型转换) → in cooking the breakfast.(变为倒装句) 2．“Will scientists discover new species there?” Bob asked Laura.(改为间接引语) Bob asked Laura scientists discover new species there. 3．Workers are cutting down some trees in the park. → Some trees by workers in the park. → some trees by workers? （句型转换） 4．The World Wildlife Fund is protecting the African elephants. (转换成被动语态) 5．People have celebrated the fesival in this town since the 18th century.(改为被动句) 6．I have used this app several times since I downloaded it. (把句子改为被动语态) 7．Both his father and his mother are fond of light music. （用neither...nor...改为否定句） 8．If you are tired，you can sit on this end of the boat and you can also sit on the other end.（用either...or...改写句子） 9．There is no doubt that we benefit from the voluntary work. (改写为同义句) There is no doubt that doing voluntary work us. 10．The man sat in the chair,with his hands tied behind his back. (句型转换) →The man sat in the chair, whose hands   behind his back. 9 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$