Unit 3 The world of Science单元测试-2024-2025学年高一英语必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（外研版2019）

参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 B C D B A D C D A C 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 B D C B D C E F D B 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 D C A C B A A C B C 题号 31 32 33 34 35 答案 C D A A B 1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项诺贝尔奖的获得情况。 1．细节理解题。根据Physiology or Medicine中“He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.(他以从尼安德特人的骨头中提取、测序和分析古代DNA而闻名)”可知，生理学奖项与骨骼研究有关。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家，分别是Ben S. Bernanke、Douglas W. Diamond和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond和Philip H. Dybvig凭关于银行和金融危机研究获奖。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“It is that time of the year, when a handful of world’s leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort-the Nobel Prize.(每年的这个时候，少数世界顶尖的学者、社会活动家和研究人员都会获得诺贝尔奖，这通常被认为是对人类努力的最负盛名的认可)”可知，诺贝尔奖用于表彰各个领域的重大贡献。故选D。 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了14岁的Yash Mehta发明了盲文阅读器，并不断改进其功能，让盲文阅读器造福盲人。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“There, he visited a school for blind students and noticed that none of them used electronic braille (盲文) readers. They were just too costly. So he decided to build a more affordable one. (在那里，他参观了一所盲人学校，发现他们都没有使用电子盲文阅读器。它们的成本太高了。因此，他决定建造一个更便宜的。)”可知，Yash Mehta发现盲文阅读器太贵了，所以决定建造一个便宜的，能符合人们预算的，因此推断Yash的盲文阅读器的便宜的。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段中““I’ve never been capable of software,” Yash says. But building his device required coding skills, which he learned by watching YouTube videos and reading Reddit posts. (“我从来没有能力开发软件，”亚什说。但构建他的设备需要编码技能，这是他通过观看 YouTube 视频和阅读 Reddit 帖子学到的。 )”可知，Yash Mehta虽然不会开发软件，但是他通过自学来进行开发软件，由此可推知，他是一个意志坚定的人，故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Despite his initial joy, the process wasn’t without challenges. At first, he attempted to base his design on a TENS machine — a device that uses electric pulses to relieve pain, hoping these pulses could create the feeling of braille dots. When this approach didn’t work, he realized that instead of starting over, he only needed to change the way of spreading information to the finger. (尽管他最初很高兴，但这个过程并非没有挑战。起初，他尝试将自己的设计基于 TENS 机器——一种使用电脉冲来缓解疼痛的设备，希望这些脉冲能够产生盲文点的感觉。当这种方法不起作用时，他意识到不必重新开始，只需改变将信息传播到手指的方式即可。)”可知，Yash在设计过程中通过调整消息到达手指的方式来应对挑战。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Yash advises, “Try to find something that you think can be done based on your current abilities. (亚什建议，“尝试根据你目前的能力找到一些你认为可以完成的事情。”)”可知，Yash建议初学者寻找与他们的技能水平相匹配的项目。故选C。 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了杰克逊实验室的研究人员通过一项针对小白鼠的饮食研究，探讨了限制性饮食如何延长动物寿命的问题。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, scientists haven't fully understood why these restricted diets help extend lifespan or how to best apply them to humans. Now, in a much-awaited study, researchers from The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) and their partners followed nearly a thousand mice on different diets to learn more about these questions.(然而，科学家们还没有完全理解为什么这些限制饮食有助于延长寿命，或者如何最好地将它们应用于人类。现在，在一项期待已久的研究中，来自杰克逊实验室（JAX）的研究人员和他们的合作伙伴跟踪了近一千只不同饮食的老鼠，以了解更多关于这些问题的信息)”可知，JAX的研究人员要开始这项研究是为了了解为什么限制饮食能使动物活得更长。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Churchill and his team gave female mice five different diets: one in which the animals could eat as much as they wanted anytime, two in which the animals got only 60% or 80% of their usual amount of food each day, and two in which the animals didn't get any food for one or two days a week but could eat as much as they wanted on the other days. Then, they watched the mice for the rest of their lives, checking their blood and overall health regularly.(丘吉尔和他的团队给雌性老鼠五种不同的饮食：一种是动物可以随时想吃多少就吃多少，两种是动物每天只能得到平时食物量的60%或80%，另一种是动物每周有一到两天没有任何食物，但在其他日子可以随心所欲地吃。然后，他们观察这些老鼠的余生，定期检查它们的血液和整体健康状况)”可知，加里·丘吉尔和他的团队对他们的研究对象进行了不同的饮食追踪。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“On average, mice that could eat as much as they wanted lived for about 25 months. Mice on the intermittent fasting (间歇性禁食) diet lived for around 28 months, those eating 80% of their usual amount lived for about 30 months, and those eating only 60% lived for 34 months.(平均而言，那些想吃多少就吃多少的老鼠能活25个月左右。间歇性禁食的老鼠大约活了28个月，吃正常量80%的老鼠活了30个月，吃正常量60%的老鼠活了34个月)”可知，想吃多少就吃多少的老鼠往往寿命最短，故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Now, in a much-awaited study, researchers from The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) and their partners followed nearly a thousand mice on different diets to learn more about these questions.(现在，在一项期待已久的研究中，来自杰克逊实验室（JAX）的研究人员和他们的合作伙伴跟踪了近一千只不同饮食的老鼠，以了解更多关于这些问题的信息)”结合文章主要讲述了杰克逊实验室的研究人员通过一项针对小白鼠的饮食研究，探讨了限制性饮食如何延长动物寿命的问题推知，本文最有可能来自一份研究报告，故选B。 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Apopo这一非营利组织正在训练非洲巨型鼠用于灾难搜救以及排雷工作的情况。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The rats are often trained in areas built with challenges and loud noises, which they may face at disaster sites. Regularly changing the training grounds is also important so the rats don’t learn to operate through memory. (这些老鼠经常在建造有挑战和噪音的区域进行训练，这是它们可能在灾难现场遇到的情况。定期更换训练场地也很重要，这样老鼠就不会通过记忆来操作了)”可知，对老鼠的训练设置旨在提高它们在困难情况下的表现。故选D。 13．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The equipment also features a system that allows for the colloquy. “We can’t teach the rats to talk, so we need someway to exchange messages with any survivors in the rubble,” said Sander Verdiesen, an electrical engineer. (该设备还配备了一个允许colloquy的系统。“我们不能教老鼠说话，所以我们需要某种方法与废墟中的任何幸存者交换信息，”电气工程师Sander Verdiesen说)”可知，我们不能教老鼠说话，所以我们需要某种方式与瓦砾下的幸存者进行交流。根据语境可推知，colloquy意为“交流”。A. Safety安全；B. Mistake错误；C. Communication交流；D. Recognition承认，认可。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“During a search for landmines, the rats use their strong sense of smell to systematically search an area the size of a tennis court in 30 minutes, which would take a person clearing landmines up to four days. When the rat discovers a landmine, it digs the ground, letting a team remove it safely. (在寻找地雷的过程中，这些老鼠利用其敏锐的嗅觉，能够在30分钟内系统地搜索一个相当于网球场大小的面积，而人工清除地雷则最多需要四天时间。当老鼠发现地雷时，它会挖开地面，让团队安全地将其移除)”可知，老鼠在排雷行动中的应用表明它们有效地辅助了人类的工作。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While rats can be trained for many types of jobs, there are ongoing issues of funding and the public’s generally negative view of the species. “We see search-and-rescue dogs as normal. It would be nice for rats to be recognized in the same way. I think we’ll get there. It’s just a matter of when,” said Giangrosso, head of the program. “In the meantime, they’ll continue proving themselves as small but mighty superheroes.” (虽然老鼠可以被训练用于多种工作，但一直存在资金问题以及公众对该物种普遍的负面看法。“我们认为搜救犬是正常的 (工作伙伴)。要是老鼠也能得到同样的认可就好了。我觉得我们能达到这一目标，只是时间问题，”该项目负责人Giangrosso说道，“与此同时，它们会继续证明自己是虽小但强大的超级英雄。”)”可推知，Giangrosso对老鼠在救援行动中的作用持积极态度。故选D。 16．C 17．E 18．F 19．D 20．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提醒勿让人格类型定义自己，指出MBTI测试有局限，应正确看待其结果以更好生活。 16．由上文“Personality tests, especially the Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI), are popular tools that many people use to better understand themselves and their relationships with others. MBTI sorts people into 16 different personality types based on four key categories.(人格测试，尤其是迈尔斯-布里格斯类型指标（MBTI），是许多人用来更好地了解自己和与他人关系的流行工具。MBTI根据四个关键类别将人们分为16种不同的人格类型。)”可知，这里介绍了 MBTI 这种人格测试会将人按四个关键类别分为 16 种不同人格类型，空格处需要对其分类情况进一步说明来衔接后文，且后文“But people are complex.(但人是复杂的。)”进行转折，而C项“The MBTI system provides a simple way to categorize individuals based on their preferences.(MBTI系统提供了一种根据个人偏好对其进行分类的简单方法。)”符合语境，与前文衔接且能引出后文关于其局限性的阐述。故选C项。 17．由上文“The key is not to accept the label as an unchangeable fact.(关键是不要接受标签是不可改变的事实。)”可知， 这里强调不要把标签当作不可改变的事实，空格处要进一步说明对待测试结果应有的正确做法，而E项“You should see it as a starting point for self-reflection and growth.(你应该把它看作是自我反思和成长的起点。)”符合此处语境，对前文进行了合理的延伸，其中it指代上文the label ，有承上作用。故选E项。 18．由上文“Similarly, if you are categorized as a ‘thinking’ type, it might lead you to believe that you are always rational.(同样地，如果你被归类为‘思考’型，这可能会让你认为自己总是理性的。)”可知，这里提及被归为某类型后的片面认知，空格后“Emotional response is also an essential part of human nature, and embracing them can enhance your decision-making process and relationships.(情感反应也是人性的重要组成部分，接纳它们可以增强你的决策过程和人际关系。)” 强调情感的重要性，而F 项“However, it’s essential to understand that both parts of the personality are valuable.(然而，重要的是要明白人格的这两部分都是有价值的。)”起到承上启下作用，指出人格两部分都有价值，使前后衔接自然。故选F项。 19．由上文“They might think, for instance, that an ‘introvert’ would not be a good leader.(例如，他们可能认为内向的人不会成为好的领导者。)”可知，这里举例说明人们对内向者在职场上的错误认知，空格后“Many introverts achieve success through careful listening and thoughtful decision-making.(许多内向者通过认真倾听和深思熟虑的决策取得了成功。)” 表明内向者也能成功，而D项“But there are countless examples of introverts excelling in these types of roles.(但有无数内向者在这些角色中表现出色的例子。)” 能很好地衔接前后，用例子反驳前文观点。故选D项。 20．由上文“Finally, one of the most important lessons we can learn from the MBTI is that we are not defined by one test or label. (最后，我们可以从MBTI中学到的最重要的教训之一是，我们不是由一个测试或标签来定义的。)”可知，这里说明不能被测试或标签定义，空格处要进一步说明对测试结果的正确看法，而B项“The test results should be seen as a guide, not a limitation.(测试结果应该被看作是一种指导，而不是一种限制。)”指出应把测试结果当作指导而非限制，与后文“By focusing on our strengths and embracing the full complexity of our personalities, we can lead richer and more fulfilling lives.(通过关注我们的优势并接纳我们个性的全部复杂性，我们可以过上更丰富、更充实的生活。)” 相呼应，符合文意。故选B项。 21．D 22．C 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．C 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．A 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Heman Bekele的15岁少年，因发明了一种可能治疗皮肤癌的肥皂而被《时代》杂志评为2024年度儿童。 21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位出生于埃塞俄比亚的美国少年想出了一个开创性的主意——一种有可能治疗皮肤癌的肥皂。A. taken over接管；B. caught up with赶上；C. run over碾过；D. come up with想出。根据下文“He thought of the idea of mixing this medicine into a  ____8____  bar,  ____9____  tiny particles to deliver the treatment to the skin.”可知，Heman想出了一个好的主意。故选D。 22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位出生于埃塞俄比亚的美国少年想出了一个开创性的主意——一种有可能治疗皮肤癌的肥皂。A. finally最后；B. completely完全地、彻底地；C. possibly可能；D. fortunately幸运地。根据下文“He is currently  ____3____  with scientists, including Vito Rebecca from Johns Hopkins University, to test his concept.”中的“test his concept”可知，这个想法还有待验证，由此可知，这种肥皂有可能治疗皮肤癌。故选C。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，他正与包括约翰霍普金斯大学的Vito Rebecca在内的科学家们合作，对他的设想进行测试。A. working工作；B. dealing处理；C. discussing讨论；D. struggling挣扎。根据下文“His creative  ____11____  impressed the judges, and he won the contest, receiving a $25,000  ____12____  and the opportunity to cooperate with mentor scientists.”中的“cooperate with”可推测，他在和科学家们合作。故选A。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看到人们在户外阳光下劳作却没有任何防护措施，由此从父母那里了解到癌症的危害以及皮肤防护的重要性。A. heard听到；B. imagined想象；C. observed观察、遵守、评论；D. felt感到。根据空后“people working outdoors in the sun without protection,”可知，空后是Heman所观察到现象。故选C。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：皮肤癌虽然可以治疗，但往往需要高昂的治疗费用，这促使Heman去寻找一种更易获得的解决方案。A. desirable可取的；B. treatable可治疗的；C. available可获得的；D. reasonable合理的。根据空后“often requires expensive treatment”以及空前的“while”可推测，空处指的是皮肤癌虽然可以治疗，但是治疗费用昂贵。故选B。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：皮肤癌虽然可以治疗，但往往需要高昂的治疗费用，这促使Heman去寻找一种更易获得的解决方案。A. solution方案；B. function功能；C. description描述；D. attraction吸引。根据上文“Skin cancer, while  ____5____ , often requires expensive treatment”可知，Heman知道皮肤癌虽然可以治疗但是需要昂贵的治疗费用，由此可知，他希望能够找到一种更易获得的解决方案。故选A。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：7岁时，他从一本杂志上了解到一种名为“咪喹莫特”的药物，这种药物有助于对抗皮肤癌。A. medicine药物；B. trick诡计；C. advertisement广告；D. surgery外科手术。根据空后“called “imiquimod” from a magazine that can help fight skin cancer.”可知，这是一种药物。故选A。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他萌生了将这种药物融入肥皂的想法，利用微小颗粒将治疗成分输送到皮肤上。A. chocolate巧克力；B. metal金属；C. soap肥皂；D. candy糖果。根据下文“Heman and Dr. Rebecca are now conducting tests to determine the soap’s 　　13　　 in treating skin cancer in mice.”可知，他产生了将药物融入肥皂的想法。故选C。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他萌生了将这种药物融入肥皂的想法，利用微小颗粒将治疗成分输送到皮肤上。A. stopping停止；B. employing利用；C. ordering命令；D. curing治愈。根据空后的“tiny particles to deliver the treatment to the skin.”以及上文所提及的想要治疗皮肤癌可知，这种想法是利用微小颗粒将治疗成分输送到皮肤上。故选B。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，Heman制作了一个视频，向3M青年科学家挑战赛阐释自己的想法。A. selling卖；B. admitting承认；C. explaining解释；D. sending发送。根据上文“Heman created a video”以及空后“his idea to the 3M Young Scientist Challenge”可知，Heman制作视频是为了将自己的想法解释给3M青年科学家挑战赛。故选C。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他富有创意的方法给评委们留下了深刻印象，最终赢得了比赛，获得2.5万美元奖金，并得到了与导师级科学家合作的机会。A. production生产；B. trend趋势行；C. approach方法；D. donation捐赠。根据上文“He thought of the idea of mixing this medicine into a  ____8____  bar,  ____9____  tiny particles to deliver the treatment to the skin.”可知，空处指的是他这种富有创意的治疗皮肤癌的方法。故选C。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他富有创意的方法给评委们留下了深刻印象，最终赢得了比赛，获得2.5万美元奖金，并得到了与导师级科学家合作的机会。A. salary薪水；B. profit利润；C. earning收入；D. prize奖品。根据上文“a $25,000”以及空后的“the opportunity to cooperate with mentor scientists”可知，赢得比赛可获得2.5万美元奖金。故选D。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，Heman和Rebecca博士正在进行测试，以确定这种肥皂对治疗小鼠皮肤癌的有效性。A. effectiveness有效性；B. interaction互动；C. accuracy准确性；D. permission允许。根据上文“He is currently  ____3____  with scientists, including Vito Rebecca from Johns Hopkins University, to test his concept.”可知，他们进行测试是为了检验自己的想法，也就是这种肥皂对治疗小鼠皮肤癌的有效性。故选A。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个意志坚定的少年，Heman明白开发这种肥皂需要投入时间和精力，但他始终坚守自己的目标。A. determined坚定的；B. weak虚弱的；C. shy害羞的；D. talkative健谈的。根据下文“Heman knows that developing his soap will take time and effort, but he remains committed to his  ____15____ .”以及全文内容可知，他是个意志坚定的少年。故选A。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个意志坚定的少年，Heman明白开发这种肥皂需要投入时间和精力，但他始终坚守自己的目标。A. mood情绪；B. goal目标；C. profession职业；D. employer雇主。根据上文“Heman knows that developing his soap will take time and effort”以及空前的“but”可知，尽管Heman明白开发这种肥皂需要投入时间和精力，但他始终坚守自己的目标。故选B。 36．was destroyed 37．its 38．understanding 39．impressive 40．to make 41．but 42．volunteers 43．exactly 44．to 45．whose 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了考古学家利用虚拟现实技术重建庞贝古城的一座建筑，并通过研究参观者的视线追踪来了解古罗马人的生活体验。 36．考查动词时态语态。句意：公元79年，意大利南部的古罗马城市庞贝被一次火山爆发摧毁，许多建筑被埋没。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语In AD 79可知，空处需用一般过去时，city和destroy之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是单数，be动词需用was。故填was destroyed。 37．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：公元79年，意大利南部的古罗马城市庞贝被一次火山爆发摧毁，许多建筑被埋没。空处修饰名词buildings，应用形容词性物主代词its，作定语。故填its。 38．考查动名词。句意：考古学家们已经观察了将近300年，但现在他们有了一个新的工具来理解庞贝可能曾经的样子——虚拟现实 (VR)。空前for是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填understanding。 39．考查形容词。句意：来自瑞典隆德大学的研究员丹尼罗•坎帕纳罗和贾科莫•兰德斯奇，利用无人机飞越这座被毁的罗马古城所收集的数据，重建了其最令人印象深刻的建筑之一的3D电脑模型。空处修饰名词buildings，应用形容词impressive作定语，和its most构成形容词最高级。故填impressive。 40．考查动词不定式。句意：然后，他们把这个重建模型输入到一个名为Unity的视频游戏系统中，以制作一个VR模型。句子的谓语动词为fed，空处应用非谓语动词，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式to make作目的状语。故填to make。 41．考查连词。句意：这个想法不仅仅是重建建筑物，还要更多地了解古罗马人是如何体验这些地方的。根据空前not just to recreate the buildings和空后to understand a bit more可知，前后句意是递进关系，not just... but (also)... 意为“不仅仅是…… 还要……”，表示递进关系，强调除了第一个目的外，还有一个更为重要的或附加的目的，故空处需用连词but。故填but。 42．考查名词复数。句意：坎帕纳罗和兰德斯奇请志愿者在夏天和冬天的光线中对这座房子进行虚拟游览。volunteer意为“志愿者”，是可数名词，句中表示不止一名志愿者参与了实验，空处需用其复数形式。故填volunteers。 43．考查副词。句意：研究人员使用特殊的眼球追踪技术来精确记录人们看了哪些区域以及看了多久。空处修饰动词record，应用副词exactly，作状语。故填exactly。 44．考查介词。句意：由此，研究团队得出结论，该建筑采用了巧妙的设计来吸引人们对展示主人财富和地位的物品的注意——也许是一个名叫卢修斯•瓦莱尼乌斯•弗拉库斯的人，他的戒指在废墟中被发现。draw attention to为固定短语，意为“引起对……的注意”。故填to。 45．考查定语从句。句意：由此，研究团队得出结论，该建筑采用了巧妙的设计来吸引人们对展示主人财富和地位的物品的注意——也许是一个名叫卢修斯•瓦莱尼乌斯•弗拉库斯的人，他的戒指在废墟中被发现。空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是LuciusValenius Flaccus，指人，与ring之间存在所属关系，在从句中作定语，修饰名词ring，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 46．范文 What Makes a Great Scientist? When discussing what makes a great scientist, Yuan Longping comes to my mind first. In the 1960s, witnessing the famine, he was determined to boost rice yields. Despite the harsh conditions in the fields, he dedicated himself to hybrid rice research. After numerous failures, he finally developed high-yielding hybrid rice, which significantly increased global rice production and saved countless lives. From Yuan Longping, I realize that a great scientist is characterized by a strong sense of responsibility and unwavering perseverance. As students, we are inspired to pursue our academic goals with dedication. Whether it’s aiming for high grades, participating in research projects, or exploring new fields of knowledge, we should strive for excellence. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇短文，参加主题为“What Makes a Great Scientist?”的英语征文比赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 艰苦的：harsh→tough 致力于：dedicate oneself to→devote oneself to 无数的：numerous→innumerable 意识到：realize→be aware of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In the 1960s, witnessing the famine, he was determined to boost rice yields. 拓展句：In the 1960s, after he witnessed the famine, he was determined to boost rice yields. 【点睛】[高分句型1] When discussing what makes a great scientist, Yuan Longping comes to my mind first. (运用了what引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] From Yuan Longping, I realize that a great scientist is characterized by a strong sense of responsibility and unwavering perseverance. (运用了that引导宾语从句) 47．She did so, then excitedly described her design concept of the recycling bin. “Cool!” Max chirped. Fired up by her brilliant idea, they worked hard together, making spots for paper, plastic, glass, and metal. Over the week, the pair worked tirelessly to build their recycling bin. They included sections for different types of materials and added sensors that would light up when an item was correctly sorted. But if a mistake was made, it flashed red, and a nice robot voice would show the way. They even decorated it with colorful pictures of a clean world without trash, where animals could play. Lucy and Max’s hard work paid off. Their recycling bin wasn’t just a bin; it was a beacon of hope, a call to action, and a testament to partnership and deep love for the planet. On presentation day, their classmates were in awe of their clever design and powerful message. So impressed was Mr. Lee that he advocated for its school-wide adoption. Overjoyed by the positive response, Lucy and Max realized that real change required collective efforts, and their bin stood as tangible evidence that teamwork truly makes the dream work. 【导语】本文以露西和马克斯的合作为线索展开，讲述了科学老师布置了回收项目任务，露西本想独自完成，但在制作过程中遇到困难，最后向好友马克斯求助，两人一起完成了智能垃圾桶的设计。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“她这样做了，然后兴奋地描述了回收箱的设计理念。”可知，第一段可描写露西向马克斯描述了自己的设计理念，马克斯对此表示赞赏，两人一起努力工作，共同制作回收箱，包括为不同类型的材料设置分区，并添加传感器等。 ②由第二段首句内容“露西和马克斯的努力得到了回报。”可知，第二段可描写露西和马克斯的回收箱在展示日上得到了同学们和老师的赞赏，并被建议全校采用，两人意识到团队合作的重要性。 2.续写线索：露西描述设计理念——两人合作制作垃圾桶——添加传感器和装饰——回收垃圾桶得到赞赏——被全校采纳——意识到团队合作的重要性 3.词汇激活： 行为类 ①分类：sort/classify/categorize ②装饰：decorate/ornament ③需要：require/need/call for 情绪类 ①鼓舞：fire up/inspire/stimulate ②狂喜的：overjoyed/ecstatic 【点睛】[高分句型1] Fired up by her brilliant idea, they worked hard together, making spots for paper, plastic, glass, and metal. (运用了过去分词短语作原因状语和现在分词作伴随状语) [高分句型2] So impressed was Mr. Lee that he advocated for its school-wide adoption. (运用了so...that...引导的结果状语从句的倒装结构) [高分句型3] Overjoyed by the positive response, Lucy and Max realized that real change required collective efforts, and their bin stood as tangible evidence that teamwork truly makes the dream work. (运用了连词that(第1个)引导的宾语从句和that(第2个)引导的同位语从句) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 The world of Science单元测试 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共30分，略） 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A It is that time of the year, when a handful of world’s leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort-the Nobel Prize. Here’s a look at who has won the prize and for what. Physiology or Medicine Swedish geneticist Svante Peabo won the first Nobel of the year, for starting the field of ancient DNA studies. He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones. Physics Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger’s work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022. Although Aspect is from France, Clauser from the U. S, and Zeilinger from Austria, the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team. “Their results have cleared the way for new technology,” the committee stated. Chemistry The Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U. S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U. S. “for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. Dr. Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes. Economics The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday. By studying the history of American economics, particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s, they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the bank’s impact on societal functions. 1．What prize is related to the research with bones? A．Chemistry. B．Physiology. C．Economics. D．Physics. 2．For what reason were Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond, and Philip H. Dybvig awarded the Prize in Economic Sciences? A．For their work in ancient DNA studies B．For their work in quantum technology C．For their research on banks and financial crises D．For the development of click chemistry 3．What can be inferred from the article about the Nobel Prizes? A．All winners are from the same country. B．The Nobel Prizes are only awarded to individuals, not teams. C．The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences is not as prestigious as the others. D．The Nobel Prizes recognize significant contributions across various fields. B Yash Mehta, 14, got the idea for his first science fair project on a trip to Old Delhi, India. There, he visited a school for blind students and noticed that none of them used electronic braille (盲文) readers. They were just too costly. So he decided to build a more affordable one. His device uses tiny spinning motors to create vibrations that feel like the raised dots of braille letters. He then tested it with students at New Delhi’ s Blind Relief Association, achieving 86% accuracy in braille reading compared to print. “I’ve never been capable of software,” Yash says. But building his device required coding skills, which he learned by watching YouTube videos and reading Reddit posts. “Picking up that new skill was cool,” he adds, “and seeing everything fit together the first time was just pure excitement.” Despite his initial joy, the process wasn’t without challenges. At first, he attempted to base his design on a TENS machine — a device that uses electric pulses to relieve pain, hoping these pulses could create the feeling of braille dots. When this approach didn’t work, he realized that instead of starting over, he only needed to change the way of spreading information to the finger. This idea helped him power through the development of his motor-based device. Yash’s research earned him the first-place Technology Award in the 2024 Thermo Fisher Scientific Junior Innovators Challenge. “I’m planning to add OCR,” Yash says. Right now, his machine translates computer texts into braille letters. But with OCR, it could translate printed or handwritten texts into braille. For those new to science fairs, Yash advises, “Try to find something that you think can be done based on your current abilities. Also, ask people in your community what problems they need solving. I think that’s the most important part — getting first-hand feedback.” 4．Which of the following best describes Yash’s braille reader? A．Water-resistant. B．Budget-friendly. C．Pocket-sized. D．Energy-efficient. 5．What can we learn about Yash from paragraph 2? A．He is determined. B．He is humble. C．He is experienced. D．He is sociable. 6．How did Yash handle his challenge during the design process? A．By focusing on electric pulse strength. B．By changing the TENS machine’s design. C．By starting over with a new type of motor. D．By adjusting how messages reached the finger. 7．What does Yash advise beginners to do? A．Seek feedback from their peers. B．Choose difficult problems to solve. C．Find projects matching their skill level. D．Share experiences with the community. C For nearly a century, laboratory studies have shown that if animals eat less food or eat less often, they tend to live longer. However, scientists haven’t fully understood why these restricted diets help extend lifespan or how to best apply them to humans. Now, in a much-awaited study, researchers from The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) and their partners followed nearly a thousand mice on different diets to learn more about these questions. Gary Churchill is the professor at JAX who led the study. Churchill and his team gave female mice five different diets: one in which the animals could eat as much as they wanted anytime, two in which the animals got only 60% or 80% of their usual amount of food each day, and two in which the animals didn’t get any food for one or two days a week but could eat as much as they wanted on the other days. Then, they watched the mice for the rest of their lives, checking their blood and overall health regularly. On average, mice that could eat as much as they wanted lived for about 25 months. Mice on the intermittent fasting (间歇性禁食) diet lived for around 28 months, those eating 80% of their usual amount lived for about 30 months, and those eating only 60% lived for 34 months. However, within each group, there was a big difference in how long the mice lived; for example, some mice eating the least food lived just a few months, while others lived up to four and a half years. The study found that eating fewer calories made mice live longer than fasting every other day. Surprisingly, the mice that lived the longest on the restrictive diets were those that lost the least weight despite eating less. Animals that lost the most weight on these diets tended to have low energy, weaker immune systems, weaker reproductive systems, and didn’t live as long. 8．Why do researchers from JAX start the study? A．To determine the best diet for mice. B．To compare the health of mice on different diets. C．To apply these diets to human lifespan extension. D．To understand why restricted diets make animals live longer. 9．What did Gary Churchill and his team do with the subjects in their study? A．They tracked them on various diets. B．They fed them a single type of diet. C．They let them eat as much as they wanted. D．They didn't feed them for two days a week. 10．What can you learn from the study? A．Mice losing the most weight live the longest. B．Mice on the intermittent fasting diet live the shortest. C．Mice that eat as much as they want tend to live the shortest. D．Mice given 60% of their usual amount of food live for about 36 months. 11．Where is the passage possibly from? A．An art magazine. B．A research report. C．A book review. D．A tour journal. D For a long time, dogs have played an important role in the aftermath of disasters, using their ability to aid in search-and-rescue missions. Apopo, a global nonprofit, is developing a program that trains African giant pouched rats (巨型鼠) to find people in disaster zones. These little rats, born with great curiosity to explore and search, can fit into tiny spaces, reach deep into rubble (瓦砾), and are quicker than dogs. The rats are often trained in areas built with challenges and loud noises, which they may face at disaster sites. Regularly changing the training grounds is also important so the rats don’t learn to operate through memory. Additionally, they are taught to remain focused and not to pay attention to any nice smells they may find in the rubble. During training, the rats wear light backpacks with cameras to offer rescuers video recordings. The equipment also features a system that allows for the colloquy. “We can’t teach the rats to talk, so we need someway to exchange messages with any survivors in the rubble,” said Sander Verdiesen, an electrical engineer. Though the project is still in development and the rats are not yet active in disaster zones, they have been saving people’s lives in other ways. During a search for landmines (地雷), the rats use their strong sense of smell to systematically search an area the size of a tennis court in 30 minutes, which would take a person clearing landmines up to four days. When the rat discovers a landmine, it digs the ground, letting a team remove it safely. According to Apopo, the rats had contributed to the clearance of over 100 million square meters of land and the removal of 31,739 landmines by the end of 2023. While rats can be trained for many types of jobs, there are ongoing issues of funding and the public’s generally negative view of the species. “We see search-and-rescue dogs as normal. It would be nice for rats to be recognized in the same way. I think we’ll get there. It’s just a matter of when,” said Giangrosso, head of the program. “In the meantime, they’ll continue proving themselves as small but mighty superheroes.” 12．What are the training settings for the rats aimed at? A．Sharpening their memory of past practices. B．Strengthening their teamwork in emergencies. C．Teaching them to recognize harmful materials. D．Improving their performance in tough situations. 13．Which can replace the underlined word “colloquy” in paragraph 3? A．Safety. B．Mistake. C．Communication. D．Recognition. 14．What does the application of rats in landmine removing operations suggest? A．They depend on careful guidance. B．They aid in human efforts effectively. C．They are poor at searching small areas. D．They lose focus quickly during searches. 15．What is Giangrosso’s attitude towards rats’ role in rescue efforts? A．Doubtful. B．Shocked. C．Worried. D．Positive. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Don’t Let Personality Types Define You Personality tests, especially the Myers-Briggs type indicator(MBT), are popular tools that many people use to better understand themselves and their relationships with others. MBTI sorts people into 16 different personality types based on four key categories. Although these tests can provide useful insights, it’s important not to let them define or limit you. 16 . But people are complex. Our personalities can change over time, depending on experiences and growth. What the MBTI test reveals is just a snapshot of one’s preferences, not a complete definition of who you are. For example, if the test labels you as an “introvert” (性格内向的人), you may feel tempted to avoid social communication because you think it’s not in your nature to be outgoing. But you might find that your ability to enjoy social events increases over time. The key is not to accept the label as an unchangeable fact. 17 Similarly, if you are categorized as a “thinking” type, it might lead you to believe that you are always rational 18 Emotional response is also an essential part of human nature, and embracing them can enhance your decision-making process and relationships. Additionally, many people get caught up in the idea that their “type” limits their careers or personal choices. They might think, for instance, that an “introvert” would not be a good leader. 19 . Many introverts achieve success through careful listening and thoughtful decision-making. Don’t let de MBTI label stop you from pursuing opportunities that feel right for you. Finally, one of the most important lessons we can learn from the MBTI is that we are not defined by one test or label. 20 . By focusing on our strengths and embracing the full complexity of our personalities, we can lead richer and more fulfilling lives. We are all more than the labels we receive. A．The reality is quite different. B．The test results should be seen as a guide, not a limitation. C．The MBTI system provides a simple way to categorize individuals based on their preferences. D．But there are countless examples of introverts excelling in these types of roles. E．You should see it as a starting point for self-reflection and growth. F．However, it’s essential to understand that both parts of the personality are valuable. G．The MBTI system can sometimes prevent individuals from realizing their full potential. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Heman Bekele, a 15-year-old talent, has been honored as TIME’s Kid of the Year for 2024. This Ethiopian-born American teenager has 21 a groundbreaking idea — a soap that could 22 treat skin cancer. He is currently 23 with scientists, including Vito Rebecca from Johns Hopkins University, to test his concept. Heman’s journey began in Ethiopia, where his family moved to the United States when he was just four. He 24 people working outdoors in the sun without protection, which led him to learn about the dangers of cancer and the importance of skin protection from his parents. Skin cancer, while 25 , often requires expensive treatment, motivating Heman to find a more accessible 26 . As a curious child, Heman loved mixing different liquids. When he was seven, he discovered a(an) 27 called “imiquimod” from a magazine that can help fight skin cancer. He thought of the idea of mixing this medicine into a 28 bar, 29 tiny particles to deliver the treatment to the skin. Last year, Heman created a video 30 his idea to the 3M Young Scientist Challenge. His creative 31 impressed the judges, and he won the contest, receiving a $25,000 32 and the opportunity to cooperate with mentor scientists. Heman and Dr. Rebecca are now conducting tests to determine the soap’s 33 in treating skin cancer in mice. As a 34 teenager, Heman knows that developing his soap will take time and effort, but he remains committed to his 35 . He encourages other young people to contribute to making the world a better place. 21．A．taken over B．caught up with C．run over D．come up with 22．A．finally B．completely C．possibly D．fortunately 23．A．working B．dealing C．discussing D．struggling 24．A．heard B．imagined C．observed D．felt 25．A．desirable B．treatable C．available D．reasonable 26．A．solution B．function C．description D．attraction 27．A．medicine B．trick C．advertisement D．surgery 28．A．chocolate B．metal C．soap D．candy 29．A．stopping B．employing C．ordering D．curing 30．A．selling B．admitting C．explaining D．sending 31．A．production B．trend C．approach D．donation 32．A．salary B．profit C．earning D．prize 33．A．effectiveness B．interaction C．accuracy D．permission 34．A．determined B．weak C．shy D．talkative 35．A．mood B．goal C．profession D．employer 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In AD 79, the ancient Roman city of Pompeii, in southern Italy, 36 (destroy) by a volcanic eruption that buried many of 37 (it) buildings. Archaeologists (考古学家) have been observing it for almost 300 years but now they have a new tool for 38 (understand) how Pompeii might once have looked — virtual reality (VR). Researchers Danilo Campanaro and Giacomo Landeschi, from Lund University in Sweden, used data collected by drones (无人机) flying over the ruined Roman city to create a 3D computer reconstruction (重建) of one of its most 39 (impress) buildings. They then fed the reconstruction into a video game system called Unity 40 (make) a VR model. The idea is not just to recreate the buildings 41 to understand a bit more about how Roman people might have experienced them. Campanaro and Landeschi asked 42 (volunteer) to take a virtual tour of the house in both summer and winter light. The researchers used special eye-tracking technology to record 43 (exact) which areas people looked at and for how long. From this, the team concluded that the building used clever design to draw attention 44 objects that showed off the wealth and status of its owner — perhaps a man called LuciusValenius Flaccus, 45 ring was found in the ruins. 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．假定你是李华，你校将举办一场主题为“What Makes a Great Scientist?”的英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： (1)介绍一位当代的伟大科学家； (2)对你的启发。 注意： (1)写作词数应为 80个左右； (2)请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 What Makes a Great Scientist? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分） 47． 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Our class recycling project will start next week. You can choose to do it alone or in pairs,” Mr. Lee, the science teacher, announced, “Your goal is to design a recycling corner that will increase recycling rates in our classroom. The best idea will be adopted school-wide.” The classroom erupted into enthusiastic chatter as students paired up and began their discussions. Being a nature and animal lover, Lucy’s dream was big. She imagined birds and fish thriving (茁壮成长) in a plastic-free environment, inspired by her hours spent observing wildlife at her favorite lake. “The first step toward a plastic-free habitat is fostering a recycling habit,” she thought, “I’m sure I can come up with a brilliant idea for the project!” Her daydreaming was interrupted by a light tap from her best friend, Max. “Do you still have that book on recycling? I’m sure there are many helpful tips that we could use for this project. Shall we work on this together?” Max inquired expectantly. Lucy recalled having read the library book the previous night and placing it on her bedside table. “Um ...” she hesitated, “I returned it this morning... and I’m thinking of working on this project alone.” “Oh, I see,” Max walked away, disappointed. The next day, Lucy started working on her project, a smart dustbin. Yes, she had a unique concept for the recycling bin but she struggled to construct it. The design required a standard of workmanship that was simply beyond her capability. Frustrated, she went for a walk downstairs. “Lucy?” she heard a familiar voice and looked up, surprised to find Max standing there. He had never witnessed her looking so disheartened before; she was walking heavily along with a discouraged expression, sighing deeply. Concerned, he called out to her. “What happened?” he asked gently. Guilt-ridden, she admitted lying about the book and apologized sincerely. Max forgave her readily. “Well, if you need a partner, all you have to do is ask!” Max replied, smiling. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 She did so, then excitedly described her design concept of the recycling bin. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Lucy and Max’s hard work paid off. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$