专题05 阅读理解（说明文与议论文）（天津专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题05 阅读理解（说明文与议论文） 说明文 1.（23-24高一下·天津河西区·期末） Rising temperatures driven by the climate crisis are cutting the sleep of people across the world, the largest study to date has found. The researchers used data from sleep-tracking wristbands (手环) used by 47,000 people over 7 months and across 68 countries. The analysis revealed that due to increasing night-time temperatures, the average global citizen is losing 44 hours of sleep a year. However, lost sleep affects some groups much more than others. The sleep loss per degree of warming is about a quarter higher for women than men, twice as high for those over 65 years old and three times higher for those in less affluent nations, where people have less access to cooling features. Previous studies have shown that rising temperatures damage health, including increasing heart attacks, mental health crises, and accidents and injuries. Poor sleep has also been shown to have these effects, and the researchers say their new study suggests that disturbed sleep may be a key mechanism by which heat causes these health impacts. The researchers say their data shows no signs of people being able to adapt to hotter nights. “In this study, we provide the first planetary-scale (世界范围的) evidence that warmer than average temperatures cut human sleep,” said Kelton Minor, who led the research. “It’s very likely the effect is more serious.” Minor added that the research had important implications for policymakers, who need to ensure cities, towns and buildings are well adapted to heat in order to reduce the health impacts. The data used in the study came mainly from rich nations. The wristbands also tended to be worn by people less prone (易于遭受) to sleep disturbance by warmer temperatures. Minor said, “Lower-income people are insufficiently presented in the data.” He said that more research was needed, particularly in places that are already among the hottest in the world. 35．Which is NOT mentioned about the study in paragraph 2? A．How the data was collected. B．How many respondents were involved. C．The duration of the study. D．The purpose of the study. 36．What does the underlined word “affluent” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Peaceful. B．Poor. C．Rich. D．Equal. 37．How do increasing temperatures harm people? A．They cause car accidents. B．They reduce people’s sleep time. C．They result in extreme weather events. D．They limit people’s adaptation ability. 38．What can be learned from Kelton Minor’s words in paragraph 5? A．The study adopted a new research method. B．Some cities have taken firmer action to fight the heat. C．Policymakers have doubts about the study. D．Heat’s impacts may be worse than estimated. 39．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about the study? A．Its findings. B．Its limitations. C．Its applications. D．Its significance. 2.（23-24高一下·天津和平区·期末） We live in a judgmental world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguided people believe they have a natural duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve. So what is the solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision that rather than focus on the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes, you’ll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and making a mess in doing so, I would like my husband to say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than having him point’ out what a careless painter. I am and then tell me how I should be doing it. If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue, a natural response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it. It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen without feeling, to be an objective observer. There is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve? As for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundaries (界限) with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary. In any event, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact their life or relationship with the other party. Examine it for any potential truths, and then ‘ let it go and just be “OK”. 35．What does the author want to show by using the example of painting? A．Nobody is perfect. B．The art of criticizing. C．The value of suggestions. D．The harm of criticizing. 36．What is the best way to respond when you are criticized by a person? A．Simply say “Thank you”. B．Defend yourself. C．Ignore the comment. D．Just say “OK”. 37．You are told to ask yourself some questions in Paragraph 4 so as to . A．better present negative reviews. B．learn from others’ mistakes C．take criticism objectively D．have more confidence in yourself 38．How should you treat people who always criticize others according to the author’s advice? A．Attack them sharply. B．Talk to them politely. C．Stay away from them. D．Be open to their suggestions. 3.（23-24高一下·天津河北区·期末） Spring is the season to harvest West Lake Longjing tea, which is now picked by not only human workers but also “metalworkers”—tea-picking robots! At the end of March, Hangzhou welcomed its busy season of large-scale harvesting of West Lake Longjing tea. In one teagarden, a smart tea-picking robot developed by Zhejiang Sci-tech University made its first showing after five years of research and development. With a pull and a suck(吸) , the robotic arm separates the buds(芽) from the branches and then puts them into a temporary storage box. “The robot learned its skills through a recognition model that offers it a large amount of tea bud image data,” said Chen Jianneng, one of the researchers. This allows the robot to automatically identify tea buds with a success rate of over 90 percent, Chen added. Yet the robot’s efficiency(效率) needs improvement before it can be used on a wider scale. According to Professor Wu Chuanyu, leader of the research team, the robot can currently only perform the work of 1.5 workers. It would need to do the work of 5 workers for it to be possible on a larger scale. Additionally, the robot can now only be used on flat terrain(地形), not on more complex surfaces such as mountains. It may take five to ten years to realize these goals, Wu told China News. Tea planting and processing are also transformed to become “smarter”. For example, there are special lamps that can attract pests but will not hurt other “friendly” insects. This equipment can operate 24-7, using color panels(面板) and lights to draw pests in day and night and then kill them with an electric grid(电网) . In terms of tea roasting(炒制), although machine-roasted tea is quite widespread, many tea enthusiasts s argue that this method lacks the real flavor of tea made by hand-roasting. Researchers at Zhejiang University are trying to measure the subtle differences between the two methods to improve machine performance. They’re researching AI technologies to enable them to gain data and make adjustments to roasting methods and temperatures in real time. 41．According to the passage, how does the tea-picking robot identify tea buds? A．With special lighting. B．With human guidance. C．By using bud-detecting sensors. D．By using image recognition technology. 42．What is one of the tea-picking robot’s current limitations mentioned by Professor Wu Chuanyu? A．It can’t store tea buds after picking them. B．It has low efficiency for large-stale use. C．It’s designed to work on mountains. D．It operates with limited image data. 43．The special feature of the lamps used in tea planting is that . A．they work only on flat terrain. B．they use solar power for energy. C．they roast tea leaves while attracting pests. D．they attract pests without harming other “friendly” insects. 44．What is the goal of the researchers at Zhejiang University regarding tea roasting? A．To show the advantage of machine roasting. B．To improve machine-roasting performance. C．To invent a new roasting method. D．To give up hand-roasting. 45．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The development and challenges of a tea-picking robot. B．The improvement of machine-roasted tea flavor. C．The history of tea farming in Zhejiang. D．The limitation of tea-picking robots. 4.（23-24高一下·天津南开区·期末） Pruning (剪枝) is something that can confuse a lot of gardeners, such as when to prune plants and how to do so. There are two main schools of thought when it comes to pruning in a garden. The most common idea is that we should prune plants according to relatively strict guidelines on an annual basis, or even more frequently. The second school of thought is from Masanobu Fukuoka’s “do nothing” approach — farming involves letting nature take the controls and intervening (干涉) as little as possible. But there is, in my opinion, a much more important question, and that is whether you should prune much at all. For me, the most important thing in making this decision is how we quantify (量化) the benefit. I personally fall somewhere between the two positions outlined above. I do prune plants in my forest garden and in other parts of my property, but not as much or as often as traditional gardeners may suggest. I prune plants with the well-being of the plants in mind. I do not have a lot of time for pruning which is only to make the plants beautiful, or simply to keep things tidy. When I prune plants, I see myself as fulfilling an ecosystem service that, in the wild, animals may provide. Through pruning and other jobs, I can, like other creatures within the natural ecosystem, change things a little for my own needs, while also taking steps to safeguard the system as a whole. Finding that fine line between embracing nature and making the most of the space may mean that some pruning is required. I would always begin by removing any dead or damaged material. But when it comes to further pruning, I take a much more holistic approach. I may occasionally prune trees to let more light through to plantings below. But often, I will let things get a little wild and spend more time observing than intervening in my garden. 41．Why does the author mention two schools of thought at the beginning? A．To bring up a new topic. B．To point out gardeners’ difficult situations. C．To compare the benefits of two methods of pruning. D．To serve as the background information of the text. 42．What does the author say about pruning? A．There is too much difficulty in pruning. B．Pruning is needed but not too much. C．Pruning should be done regularly. D．There is no need to prune at all. 43．What does the author mainly consider when pruning plants? A．The beauty of the garden. B．The protection of the animals. C．The balance of the ecosystem. D．The tidiness of the environment. 44．What does the author mean by saying “I take a much more holistic approach”? A．He makes no change to plantings. B．He adopts strict guidelines offered by experts. C．He takes the whole situation into account. D．He develops various methods of improving production. 45．What is the best title of the text? A．The Problem That Confuses Many Gardeners B．My Approach to Pruning in the Garden C．Different Opinions on Pruning in the Garden D．The Balance Between the Ecosystem and Human Needs 议论文 1.（23-24高一下·天津和平区·期末） After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. “The great man” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 43．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to________. A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument 44．What does the example of Galileo tell us? A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth. B．Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious. C．Creativity results from challenging authority. D．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore. 45．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7? A．Gaining success helps you become an expert. B．The genius tends to get things done creatively. C．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. D．You should remain modest when approaching perfection. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文与议论文） 说明文 1.（23-24高一下·天津河西区·期末） Rising temperatures driven by the climate crisis are cutting the sleep of people across the world, the largest study to date has found. The researchers used data from sleep-tracking wristbands (手环) used by 47,000 people over 7 months and across 68 countries. The analysis revealed that due to increasing night-time temperatures, the average global citizen is losing 44 hours of sleep a year. However, lost sleep affects some groups much more than others. The sleep loss per degree of warming is about a quarter higher for women than men, twice as high for those over 65 years old and three times higher for those in less affluent nations, where people have less access to cooling features. Previous studies have shown that rising temperatures damage health, including increasing heart attacks, mental health crises, and accidents and injuries. Poor sleep has also been shown to have these effects, and the researchers say their new study suggests that disturbed sleep may be a key mechanism by which heat causes these health impacts. The researchers say their data shows no signs of people being able to adapt to hotter nights. “In this study, we provide the first planetary-scale (世界范围的) evidence that warmer than average temperatures cut human sleep,” said Kelton Minor, who led the research. “It’s very likely the effect is more serious.” Minor added that the research had important implications for policymakers, who need to ensure cities, towns and buildings are well adapted to heat in order to reduce the health impacts. The data used in the study came mainly from rich nations. The wristbands also tended to be worn by people less prone (易于遭受) to sleep disturbance by warmer temperatures. Minor said, “Lower-income people are insufficiently presented in the data.” He said that more research was needed, particularly in places that are already among the hottest in the world. 35．Which is NOT mentioned about the study in paragraph 2? A．How the data was collected. B．How many respondents were involved. C．The duration of the study. D．The purpose of the study. 36．What does the underlined word “affluent” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Peaceful. B．Poor. C．Rich. D．Equal. 37．How do increasing temperatures harm people? A．They cause car accidents. B．They reduce people’s sleep time. C．They result in extreme weather events. D．They limit people’s adaptation ability. 38．What can be learned from Kelton Minor’s words in paragraph 5? A．The study adopted a new research method. B．Some cities have taken firmer action to fight the heat. C．Policymakers have doubts about the study. D．Heat’s impacts may be worse than estimated. 39．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about the study? A．Its findings. B．Its limitations. C．Its applications. D．Its significance. 【答案】35．D 36．C 37．B 38．D 39．B 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了一项关于气候变化导致全球居民睡眠减少的研究发现，提供了科学数据和分析，并讨论了研究对政策制定者的意义及研究存在的局限性。 35．细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers used data from sleep-tracking wristbands (手环) used by 47, 000 people over 7 months and across 68 countries. The analysis revealed that due to increasing night-time temperatures, the average global citizen is losing 44 hours of sleep a year. (研究人员使用了68个国家的47000人在7个月内使用的睡眠追踪腕带的数据。分析显示，由于夜间气温升高，全球公民平均每年损失44小时的睡眠时间。)”可知，第二段提到了研究数据的收集方式、参与人数和研究持续的时间，但没有直接说明研究的目的。故选D。 36．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“where people have less access to cooling features (在这些国家的人很少有机会使用制冷设备)”可知，他们是不太富裕国家的人，affluent“富裕的”。A. Peaceful平静的；B. Poor贫穷的；C. Rich富有的；D. Equal相等。故选C。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段“Rising temperatures driven by the climate crisis are cutting the sleep of people across the world, the largest study to date has found. (迄今为止规模最大的一项研究发现，气候危机导致的气温上升正在减少世界各地人们的睡眠时间。)”可知，增加的温度通过减少人们的睡眠时间来危害人们。故选B。 38．推理判断题。根据第五段““In this study, we provide the first planetary-scale (世界范围的) evidence that warmer than average temperatures cut human sleep,” said Kelton Minor, who led the research. “It’s very likely the effect is more serious.” Minor added that the research had important implications for policymakers, who need to ensure cities, towns and buildings are well adapted to heat in order to reduce the health impacts. (“在这项研究中，我们提供了第一个行星尺度的证据，证明比平均温度高的温度会减少人类的睡眠，”领导这项研究的凯尔顿·迈纳说。“很可能影响会更严重。”迈纳补充说，这项研究对决策者有重要的意义，他们需要确保城市、城镇和建筑物能够很好地适应高温，以减少对健康的影响。)”可知，他的话表明研究揭示了全球范围内温暖温度减少人类睡眠的第一个证据，并且他强调“很可能这种影响更严重”，这暗示了热量的影响可能比预估的更糟。故选D。 39．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The data used in the study came mainly from rich nations. The wristbands also tended to be worn by people less prone (易于遭受) to sleep disturbance by warmer temperatures. Minor said, “Lower-income people are insufficiently presented in the data.” He said that more research was needed, particularly in places that are already among the hottest in the world. (研究中使用的数据主要来自富裕国家。戴这种腕带的人也不太容易因气温升高而睡眠受到干扰。麦纳说：“数据没有充分反映低收入人群。”他说，需要进行更多的研究，特别是在已经是世界上最热的地方。)”可知，最后一段主要讨论了研究的一些局限性，包括数据主要来自富裕国家、参与者可能不太容易受到温度升高影响的偏差，以及需要在已经是最热地区的进一步研究。故选B。 2.（23-24高一下·天津和平区·期末） We live in a judgmental world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguided people believe they have a natural duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve. So what is the solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision that rather than focus on the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes, you’ll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and making a mess in doing so, I would like my husband to say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than having him point’ out what a careless painter. I am and then tell me how I should be doing it. If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue, a natural response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it. It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen without feeling, to be an objective observer. There is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve? As for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundaries (界限) with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary. In any event, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact their life or relationship with the other party. Examine it for any potential truths, and then ‘ let it go and just be “OK”. 35．What does the author want to show by using the example of painting? A．Nobody is perfect. B．The art of criticizing. C．The value of suggestions. D．The harm of criticizing. 36．What is the best way to respond when you are criticized by a person? A．Simply say “Thank you”. B．Defend yourself. C．Ignore the comment. D．Just say “OK”. 37．You are told to ask yourself some questions in Paragraph 4 so as to . A．better present negative reviews. B．learn from others’ mistakes C．take criticism objectively D．have more confidence in yourself 38．How should you treat people who always criticize others according to the author’s advice? A．Attack them sharply. B．Talk to them politely. C．Stay away from them. D．Be open to their suggestions. 【答案】35．B 36．D 37．C 38．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何应对批评，指出在任何情况下，一个人都可以学会接受批评，不让它对他们的生活或与另一方的关系产生负面影响。 35．推理判断题。根据第二段“So what is the solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision that rather than focus on the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes, you’ll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and making a mess in doing so, I would like my husband to say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than having him point’ out what a careless painter. I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.(那么，如何解决批评呢？如果你是那个强迫别人为自己感到羞耻的人，停下来。做一个有意识的决定，而不是专注于一个人的表现或态度的消极方面，你会从一开始就提供有用的建议。如果我正在粉刷我们的客厅，并把它弄得一团糟，我希望我的丈夫对我说：“这是一项艰巨的工作。我能提个建议让你容易些吗？”而不是让他指出他是一个多么粗心的油漆工。是的，然后告诉我应该怎么做)”可知，作者想用绘画的例子来说明批评的艺术。故选B。 36．细节理解题。根据第三段“If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution.(如果你被批评了，回答“OK”是一个完美的解决方案)”可知，当你被人批评时，最好的回应方式是说“OK”。故选D。 37．细节理解题。根据第四段“It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen without feeling, to be an objective observer. There is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100%of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve?( 重要的是要对他人所说的话保持情感上的依恋，不带感情地倾听，做一个客观的观察者。一个人可以从负面评价中学到很多东西。你可以问问自己：我做错了吗？我还能做得更好吗？我是否对手头的任务投入了100%的精力？如果是这样，我该如何改进？)”可知，你被要求问自己一些问题是为了客观地接受批评。故选C。 38．细节理解题。根据第四段“As for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundaries (界限) with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary.(对于习惯性批评的人：与他们建立严格的界限是很重要的。必要时离开他们)”可知，你应该远离总是批评别人的人。故选C。 3.（23-24高一下·天津河北区·期末） Spring is the season to harvest West Lake Longjing tea, which is now picked by not only human workers but also “metalworkers”—tea-picking robots! At the end of March, Hangzhou welcomed its busy season of large-scale harvesting of West Lake Longjing tea. In one teagarden, a smart tea-picking robot developed by Zhejiang Sci-tech University made its first showing after five years of research and development. With a pull and a suck(吸) , the robotic arm separates the buds(芽) from the branches and then puts them into a temporary storage box. “The robot learned its skills through a recognition model that offers it a large amount of tea bud image data,” said Chen Jianneng, one of the researchers. This allows the robot to automatically identify tea buds with a success rate of over 90 percent, Chen added. Yet the robot’s efficiency(效率) needs improvement before it can be used on a wider scale. According to Professor Wu Chuanyu, leader of the research team, the robot can currently only perform the work of 1.5 workers. It would need to do the work of 5 workers for it to be possible on a larger scale. Additionally, the robot can now only be used on flat terrain(地形), not on more complex surfaces such as mountains. It may take five to ten years to realize these goals, Wu told China News. Tea planting and processing are also transformed to become “smarter”. For example, there are special lamps that can attract pests but will not hurt other “friendly” insects. This equipment can operate 24-7, using color panels(面板) and lights to draw pests in day and night and then kill them with an electric grid(电网) . In terms of tea roasting(炒制), although machine-roasted tea is quite widespread, many tea enthusiasts s argue that this method lacks the real flavor of tea made by hand-roasting. Researchers at Zhejiang University are trying to measure the subtle differences between the two methods to improve machine performance. They’re researching AI technologies to enable them to gain data and make adjustments to roasting methods and temperatures in real time. 41．According to the passage, how does the tea-picking robot identify tea buds? A．With special lighting. B．With human guidance. C．By using bud-detecting sensors. D．By using image recognition technology. 42．What is one of the tea-picking robot’s current limitations mentioned by Professor Wu Chuanyu? A．It can’t store tea buds after picking them. B．It has low efficiency for large-stale use. C．It’s designed to work on mountains. D．It operates with limited image data. 43．The special feature of the lamps used in tea planting is that . A．they work only on flat terrain. B．they use solar power for energy. C．they roast tea leaves while attracting pests. D．they attract pests without harming other “friendly” insects. 44．What is the goal of the researchers at Zhejiang University regarding tea roasting? A．To show the advantage of machine roasting. B．To improve machine-roasting performance. C．To invent a new roasting method. D．To give up hand-roasting. 45．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The development and challenges of a tea-picking robot. B．The improvement of machine-roasted tea flavor. C．The history of tea farming in Zhejiang. D．The limitation of tea-picking robots. 【答案】41．D 42．B 43．D 44．B 45．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了杭州一款茶叶采摘机器人的研发情况以及面临的挑战。 41．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The robot learned its skills through a recognition model that offers it a large amount of tea bud image data,” said Chen Jianneng, one of the researchers. This allows the robot to automatically identify tea buds with a success rate of over 90 percent, Chen added.”（“机器人通过一个识别模型学习技能，该模型为它提供了大量的茶芽图像数据。”陈补充说，这使得机器人能够自动识别茶芽，成功率超过90%。）可知，茶叶采摘机器人是通过图像识别技术来识别茶芽的。故选D。 42．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Yet the robot’s efficiency(效率) needs improvement before it can be used on a wider scale.”（然而，机器人的效率需要提高，才能在更大范围内使用）可知，茶叶采摘机器人目前的一个限制是其效率较低，不适合大规模使用。故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“For example, there are special lamps that can attract pests but will not hurt other “friendly” insects.”（例如，有一种特殊的灯可以吸引害虫，但不会伤害其他“友好”的昆虫）可知，这种特殊的灯的特点是可以吸引害虫，而不会伤害其他“友好”的昆虫。故选D。 44．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Researchers at Zhejiang University are trying to measure the subtle differences between the two methods to improve machine performance. They’re researching AI technologies to enable them to gain data and make adjustments to roasting methods and temperatures in real time.”（浙江大学的研究人员正试图测量这两种方法之间的细微差异，以提高机器的性能。他们正在研究人工智能技术，使他们能够实时获取数据并调整烘烤方法和温度）可知，浙江大学的研究人员的目标是提高机器烘焙的性能。故选B。 45．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In one teagarden, a smart tea-picking robot developed by Zhejiang Sci-tech University made its first showing after five years of research and development.”（在一个茶园里，浙江理工大学研发的智能采茶机器人经过五年的研发，首次亮相。）；文章第三段““The robot learned its skills through a recognition model that offers it a large amount of tea bud image data,” said Chen Jianneng, one of the researchers. This allows the robot to automatically identify tea buds with a success rate of over 90 percent, Chen added.”（“机器人通过一个识别模型学习技能，该模型为它提供了大量的茶芽图像数据。”陈补充说，这使得机器人能够自动识别茶芽，成功率超过90%。）根据第四段“Yet the robot’s efficiency(效率) needs improvement before it can be used on a wider scale.”（然而，在机器人被广泛使用之前，它的效率还需要提高。）以及最后一段“Researchers at Zhejiang University are trying to measure the subtle differences between the two methods to improve machine performance.”（浙江大学的研究人员正试图测量这两种方法之间的细微差异，以提高机器的性能。）可知，本文主要介绍了杭州一款茶叶采摘机器人的研发情况以及面临的挑战，故选A。 4.（23-24高一下·天津南开区·期末） Pruning (剪枝) is something that can confuse a lot of gardeners, such as when to prune plants and how to do so. There are two main schools of thought when it comes to pruning in a garden. The most common idea is that we should prune plants according to relatively strict guidelines on an annual basis, or even more frequently. The second school of thought is from Masanobu Fukuoka’s “do nothing” approach — farming involves letting nature take the controls and intervening (干涉) as little as possible. But there is, in my opinion, a much more important question, and that is whether you should prune much at all. For me, the most important thing in making this decision is how we quantify (量化) the benefit. I personally fall somewhere between the two positions outlined above. I do prune plants in my forest garden and in other parts of my property, but not as much or as often as traditional gardeners may suggest. I prune plants with the well-being of the plants in mind. I do not have a lot of time for pruning which is only to make the plants beautiful, or simply to keep things tidy. When I prune plants, I see myself as fulfilling an ecosystem service that, in the wild, animals may provide. Through pruning and other jobs, I can, like other creatures within the natural ecosystem, change things a little for my own needs, while also taking steps to safeguard the system as a whole. Finding that fine line between embracing nature and making the most of the space may mean that some pruning is required. I would always begin by removing any dead or damaged material. But when it comes to further pruning, I take a much more holistic approach. I may occasionally prune trees to let more light through to plantings below. But often, I will let things get a little wild and spend more time observing than intervening in my garden. 41．Why does the author mention two schools of thought at the beginning? A．To bring up a new topic. B．To point out gardeners’ difficult situations. C．To compare the benefits of two methods of pruning. D．To serve as the background information of the text. 42．What does the author say about pruning? A．There is too much difficulty in pruning. B．Pruning is needed but not too much. C．Pruning should be done regularly. D．There is no need to prune at all. 43．What does the author mainly consider when pruning plants? A．The beauty of the garden. B．The protection of the animals. C．The balance of the ecosystem. D．The tidiness of the environment. 44．What does the author mean by saying “I take a much more holistic approach”? A．He makes no change to plantings. B．He adopts strict guidelines offered by experts. C．He takes the whole situation into account. D．He develops various methods of improving production. 45．What is the best title of the text? A．The Problem That Confuses Many Gardeners B．My Approach to Pruning in the Garden C．Different Opinions on Pruning in the Garden D．The Balance Between the Ecosystem and Human Needs 【答案】41．D 42．B 43．C 44．C 45．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了作者对修剪植物的观点和思考。 41．推理判断题。根据第一段“There are two main schools of thought when it comes to pruning in a garden. The most common idea is that we should prune plants according to relatively strict guidelines on an annual basis, or even more frequently. The second school of thought is from Masanobu Fukuoka’s “do nothing” approach — farming involves letting nature take the controls and intervening as little as possible. But there is, in my opinion, a much more important question, and that is whether you should prune much at all.”（说到修剪花园，主要有两种观点。最常见的想法是，我们应该根据相对严格的指导方针，每年或更频繁地修剪植物。第二种思想流派来自福冈正信的“什么都不做”的方法——农业包括让自然控制和干预尽可能少。但是，在我看来，有一个更重要的问题，那就是你是否应该修剪太多。）并结合后文作者对修剪植物的观点和思考的描述可知，第一段介绍修剪植物的两种观点为文章提供了背景信息，引出作者自己的观点。故选D项。 42．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“I do prune plants in my forest garden and in other parts of my property, but not as much or as often as traditional gardeners may suggest.”（我的确会在我的森林花园和我地产的其他地方修剪植物，但不像传统园丁建议的那么多或经常修剪。）可知，作者认为修剪植物是必要的，但无需修剪太多。故选B项。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段第三四句“When I prune plants, I see myself as fulfilling an ecosystem service that, in the wild, animals may provide. Through pruning and other jobs, I can, like other creatures within the natural ecosystem, change things a little for my own needs, while also taking steps to safeguard the system as a whole.”（当我修剪植物时，我认为自己在履行一种生态系统服务，而在野外，这种服务可能是动物提供的。通过修剪和其他工作，我可以像自然生态系统中的其他生物一样，为了自己的需要而改变一些东西，同时也采取措施保护整个系统。）可知，作者在修剪植物时，考虑的是生态系统的平衡。故选C项。 44．词句猜测题。根据最后一段最后三句“But when it comes to further pruning, I take a much more holistic approach. I may occasionally prune trees to let more light through to plantings below. But often, I will let things get a little wild and spend more time observing than intervening in my garden.”（但当谈到进一步修剪时，我采取了a much more holistic approach。我偶尔会修剪一下树木，让更多的阳光照到下面的植物。但通常情况下，我会让事情变得有点狂野，花更多的时间观察而不是干预我的花园。）可知，作者修剪植物时，会整体考虑植物的情况，进行必要的修剪以照顾到获得阳光较少的部分，在非必要的情况下，作者不会干预植物的生长，只是进行全面的观察。说明作者采取了一种更全面，更整体的方法，考虑到了植物的整体状况。故选C项。 45．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But there is, in my opinion, a much more important question, and that is whether you should prune much at all.”（但是，在我看来，有一个更重要的问题，那就是你是否应该修剪太多。）及第二段第一句“For me, the most important thing in making this decision is how we quantify the benefit.”（对我来说，做这个决定最重要的是我们如何量化收益。）及第三段第一句“I prune plants with the well-being of the plants in mind.”（我修剪植物的时候要考虑到植物的健康。）及最后一段第三句“But when it comes to further pruning, I take a much more holistic approach.”（但当谈到进一步修剪时，我采取了更全面的方法。）并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了作者修剪植物的观点和方法。故选B项。 议论文 1.（23-24高一下·天津和平区·期末） After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. “The great man” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 43．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to________. A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument 44．What does the example of Galileo tell us? A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth. B．Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious. C．Creativity results from challenging authority. D．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore. 45．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7? A．Gaining success helps you become an expert. B．The genius tends to get things done creatively. C．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. D．You should remain modest when approaching perfection. 【答案】43．D 44．D 45．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素--好奇心和不满足，并阐述了获得这两种品质的方法。 43．推理判断题。根据第一段“After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.”（经过多年对人性的观察，我断定成就非凡者与平庸之人之间的区别在于两种品质：好奇心与不满。我从来没有见过一个杰出的人缺乏这两方面。我从没见过一个普通人两者兼备。这两者是天生一对。）故可推知，通过写第一段，作者的目的是提出一个论点，即成就非凡者与平庸之人之间的区别在于两种品质：好奇心与不满。故选D项。 44．细节理解题。根据第二段“Together, these deep human urges count for much more that ambition.  Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?””（这些深层的人类欲望加在一起比野心更重要。当伽利略从比萨斜塔上扔下不同重量的物体并计算它们落到地面的时间时，他不仅是雄心勃勃。历史上所有伟大的人物都像伽利略一样好奇，不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”）可知，伽利略的例子告诉我们伟大源于持久的探索欲望。故选D项。 45．推理判断题。根据第六段中“ I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.（我想起一位朋友，她不会插花来满足自己。她很好奇专家们是怎么做到的。她是一位专门写插花书的专家之一。）”以及第七段“One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.”（开始的一种方法是回答你自己的借口。你没有什么特殊能力吗？大多数人都没有;天才屈指可数。你没有时间吗?那很好，因为总是那些没时间的人把事情做完。哈里特·斯托是六个孩子的母亲，她在做饭的时候写了《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的部分内容。你太老了？还记得托马斯·科斯坦(Thomas Costain) 57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，摩西奶奶78岁时首次展示了她的照片吗？）可推知，这两段想告诉我们缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由。故选C项。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$