内容正文:
八年级下册Unit 8知识点梳理
五四制·鲁教版 知识点总结
1、
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
2、 重点短语
1. be made of 由...制成(看得出材料) be made from 由...制成(看不出材料)
be made by 由...制成;被...制作 be made in sp 在某地制作
be made to do 被要求做某事 be made into 被制作成...
2. environmental protection 环境保护 a model plane 飞机模型
3. art and science fair 艺术与科学博览会
4. be famous for 因为...而出名 be famous as 作为...而出名
5. both in the past and now 无论过去还是现在 be produced in sp 产自某地
6. be widely known for 因...而广为人知 as far as I know 据我所知
7. by hand 手工 be sent for processing 被送去加工
8. all over the world 世界各地 be good for 对...有好处
9. no matter 无论 most of 大多数
10. avoid doing 避免做某事 in fact 事实上;实际上
11. be good at 擅长... high-technology products 高科技产品
12. shopping experience 购物经历 be allowed to do 被允许做某事
13. be covered by 被...覆盖 traffic accident 交通事故
14. fly a kite 放风筝 find out 查明;弄清楚
15. on one’s vacation 在某人的假期中 tell sb about sth 告知某人某事
16. go on a vacation 去度假 many different kinds of 许多不同种类
17. international kite festival 国际风筝节 traditional art 传统艺术
18. be turned into 被变成 according to 根据
19. ask for help 寻求帮助 be in trouble 遇到麻烦;陷入困境
20. paper cutting 剪纸 the Spring Festival 春节
21. put on 穿上;增重 be symbols of 是...的象征
22. good luck 好运 look real 看起来真实
23. fairy tale 童话;神话故事 historical story 历史故事
24. It takes time to do sth 花时间做某事 make clay art pieces 制作粘土艺术品
25. be shaped into 被塑造成;被制作成...形状 be used for (doing) 被用于做什么
26. invite sb to sp 邀请某人去某地 underground parking lot 地下停车场
27. classic films 经典电影
二、语法详解
一般现在时的被动语态
结构:am /is/ are +done(过去分词)
概念
理解
时态
语态
在英语语言中,时态主要讨论行为动词发生的时间,即时间状态。
在英语语言中,语态主要讨论句子主语与行为动词的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态
两种语态
1 主动语态:
主语是动作的发出者(执行者)
The tall boy often hits his classmates .
这个高个男生经常打他的同班同学。
(主语boy是谓语动词hit的发出者)
② 被动语态:主语是动作的接受者(承受者)
· 汉语:常用“被"、“给"、“由"、“受" 等词用来表示被动
· 英语:助动词 be + 过去分词构成
Chinese is spoken by the most people in the world.
汉语被世界上大多数说。
(主语Chinese是谓语动词speak的承受者)
语态与时态的关系
在任何一个英语句子中都同时存在语态和时态,他们是分析一个英语句子的两个主要元素。
① He is looking after his sister at home. ( 此句为现在进行时的主动语态结构)
② He is being looked after well by his parents. (此句为现在进行时的被动语态结构)
基本
结构
被动语态最基本的句型结构:be +及物动词过去分词
【说明】① be 有时态,人称和数的变化。
②被动语态中的谓语动词必须是及物动词;因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者
某些短语动词如 look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at 等,也可用于被动语态。
句式
肯定式
主语+am/is/are+过去分词(+by...).
否定式
主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词(+by...).
疑问式
Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词(+by...)?
特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+过去分词(+by...)?
用法
是否用by
①当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。
②突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。
Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class.
(只是告诉老师杯子坏了,没说谁弄坏的)。
The cup was broken by Paul.
杯子被保罗打碎了。
不同情况下的被动语态用法
①经常性或习惯性发生的被动动作
I am often asked the question by my pupils.
我经常被我的学生问起这个问题。
②近期正在发生的被动动作
These days people are moved by a brave soldier.
这些日子人们都被一个勇敢的展示感动着。
③常态化的被动客观事实
The spaceship is mainly controlled by computers.
宇宙飞船主要是由计算机控制的。
④目前存在的针对
行为主体人的被限制性动作
You aren’t allowed to take photos.
不允许你拍照。
语态
变换
主动语态变被动语态的变法:
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态中用 in + 地点名词作状语。
语态
变换
如图所示:
主动语态:They grow tea plants in the south-east of China.
主语 谓语 宾语
被动语态:Tea plants are grown by them in the south-east of China.
主语 谓语
注意
主动语态中,make,hear,see,watch,notice等词后省略动词不定式作为宾语补足语,
但在被动语态中,to不可省略,要还原
主动语态:Judy often makes his classmates laugh.朱迪经常让他的同学们大笑。
被动语态:His classmates are often made to laugh ba Judy.同学们经常被朱迪逗笑。
三、单元写作
1. 话题分析
本单元的话题围绕某种产品的材质、产地、用途及特殊性等信息展开。
2. 产品介绍类作文常用句型:
开头句
1. My town/city/country is famous for its silk.
2. ...is becoming more and more popular.
3. Each different part of China has its snacks.
4. One of the most famous snacks in my city is tanghulu.
中间句
1. Paper is usually made from wood.
2. But there are more materials that can be used to make umbrellas.
3. This kind of machine is used for making noodles.
结尾句
1. The snack is so delicious and healthy that people of all ages love it.
2. Paper cutting is now seen as a symbol of wishes for good luck and a happy new year.
【范文讲练】
剪纸 (paper cutting) 是中国最流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增强喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地都很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
提示词:folk art 民间艺术;wedding celebrations 婚庆;enhance 增强;atmosphere 气氛; symbolize 象征;prosperity 兴旺
【谋篇布局】
Paper cutting is one of the most popular forms of traditional Chinese folk art. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the pleasant atmosphere. The color most commonly used in paper cutting is red because it symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cuttings are very popular around the world and they are often given as presents to foreign friends.
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