2025届北京市东城区高三下学期二模英语试题

北京市东城区2024一2025学年度第二学期高三综合练习（二） 英 语 2025.5 本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作 答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选 项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When her daughter got married,Anne searched everywhere for the right hat. "But the only 1 that matched cost a fortune,"she says.She had to go for a straw (稻草)one in the end. It struck Anne that she could begin to 2 the art of hat-making at the age of 55. She took weekend classes,during which she watched a wonderful sun hat come to 3 between her hands for the first time.The experience reminded Anne of her early 4."I really wanted to go to art school but my father wanted me to have a career that I could support myself with,"she says.However,making hats 5 her creativity and allowed Anne to start again. Once she retired,she 6 for a hat-making course at a college.Once a week, she would take the train to London and begin the complicated 7 of handcrafting pieces.She learned everything from finding inspiration to sketching and making a range of stylish hats. "Even at home I can lose myself in it,put the radio on and get going,"she says. “It was such a(an)8task.” Anne,77,now has a hat-making workshop in her home and it has really refreshed her interest in fashion and fabric.She also recycles old dresses into hats, thinking of making a whole collection out of 9 used fabrics next. She now has more 10 than she can keep up with and she is keen to learn new techniques."I'll keep going as long as I can,since people always need something interesting to wear.” 高三英语第1页（共11页） 1.A.dress B.hat C.trousers D.shoes 2.A.perfect B.value C.spread D.pursue 3.A.light B.power C.life D.mind 4.A.passion B.major C.contribution D.career 5.A.shaped B.measured C.influenced D.released 6.A.made up B.reached out C.signed up D.looked out 7.A.process B.preparation C.theory D.system 8.A.funny B.absorbing C.flexible D.ambitious 9.A.regularly B.temporarily C.previously D.initially 10.A.competition、 B.responsibilities C.profits D.demand 第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单 词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域 作答。 A One night,my cat slipped out of the house unnoticed.The next evening,a man knocked on my door and asked 11 I was missing a cat.He explained he had spotted a cat lying by the roadside after being hit by a truck.He stopped 12 (help),wrapping it with something warm and offering water and food.13 no collar to guide him,he had to go door-to-door until he found me. B Plogging,a combination of jogging and picking up litter,started as an 14 (organize) activity around 2016 and then gradually became popular.As a workout,plogging is more efficient than simply running because it 15 (focus)on both environmental protection and personal health.Plus,every piece of litter we pick up during plogging contributes to a16(clean)and more beautiful environment.This activity is a win-win situation:we take care of Mother Nature while taking care of 17 (we). C Lockers have long been a school tradition,but are they still necessary?Some students argue lockers relieve their heavy backpack burdens.They also serve as valuable social spaces 18 friendships form.However,more students are using laptops and online content to study and work on assignments,making lockers 19 (necessary). So,if schools remove lockers,most of which are very old,more space 20 (create)in the hallways.They can use it to display artwork or other creative projects,which will bring students together. 高三英语第2页（共11页） 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 A The Summer Science Program (SSP)is a unique immersion experience with a strong culture that has evolved over more than half a century.It is designed to challenge and inspire talented and motivated high school students from around the world.Here,young people discover their limits,and then overcome them by working together.Through informal interactions with faculty,participants receive guidance on college and major selection,helping them become more reflective applicants. There is no application fee.While a program fee exists,need-based aid funded by our generous donors allows participants from lower-income families to attend at a fee they can afford. ◆What to Expect Unlike traditional coursework,the program offers hands-on opportunities, allowing participants to do science,not just learn about it.Working in teams of three,they tackle real-world challenges while developing critical skills like time management. Classroom and lab sessions are scheduled six days a week.Classroom time centers on building a foundation in experimental science and the team's specific research topic.Each team studies its own target,performing the research from data collection to final reporting. The program also includes a Guest Lecture Series,featuring presentations by renowned scientists and trained professionals who offer valuable scientific insights and experiences. Upon completion,the program provides a letter of participation (not an evaluation),though participants may request recommendations from faculty.The program operates under a Code of Honor,with no tests or grades. ◆How to Apply Once you begin your application,we recommend considering the following: Online submission of final research track choice by deadline Full participation without other programs during the program A statement of research expectations demonstrating your personal motivation for the program and outlining what you hope to gain from it 高三英语第3页（共11页） The only academic precondition is to complete specific courses needed for the program for a grade and credit by June 2025.We do not require AP or advanced level classes and self-study does not qualify.We will not collect or consider standardized test scores for admission for 2025 (including PSAT,ACT/SAT,and APs). If you have any questions,please read our FAQ or visit our website wwrw. ourssp.org. 21.What do we know about SSP? A.It is free of charge. B.It is famous for its long history. C.It is open to high school students. D.It is aimed at cultural communication. 22.What do participants in SSP do? A.Do research in pairs. B.Learn science by doing. C.Take tests on a regular basis. D.Cooperate with guest lecturers. 23.To apply for the program,one should A.pass standardized tests B.submit a research proposal C.finish the required course D.provide a recommendation letter B Last year,I took my first trip to Sheffield,where my new friend Esme lived. From the moment we stepped off the train,strangers spoke to us-making small talk with an openness and warmth I hadn't expected.Then a couple approached us,asking if we could witness their wedding.They explained that they were supposed to have a low-key wedding,but had missed their first appointment at the register office because of delayed trains.They had been able to reschedule,but had no witnesses for the ceremony.Desperately,they asked us if we would like to step in. On hearing this,the part of me raised on suspicion awakened.But another part that leans into trust and curiosity told me to say yes.I was raised to approach strangers with caution.My parents drilled in me the idea that trust had to be earned; they had seen the risks that come with being vulnerable(脆弱的)in a new environment.Being watchful of the unfamiliar was their way of ensuring we stayed safe.As I got older,their anxieties became my own.Yet there was something charming about the couple's sincerity,so we agreed. 高三英语第4页（共11页） We arrived at the register office with seconds to spare.It was just the six of us: two lovers,two friends and two registrars-pairs connected in different ways,yet all sharing in the quiet magic of the moment.The ceremony was quick and touching,and I teared up on several occasions.The simplicity of it felt meaningful.To me,their wedding symbolized an act of bravery.Trusting complete strangers to witness one of the most significant moments of their lives seemed no small challenge-they had no guarantees,just a belief in human kindness.and somehow,that faith had been rewarded. Looking back,I can't help but think of how my parents might have reacted if I'd told them I was going to be witnessing a couple's wedding with someone I had only recently met.But,ever since,I have made a conscious effort to acknowledge life's uncertainties and accept them where possible.It's easy to live life with a protective layer,but it can lead to loneliness.Moments of connection are precious,and sometimes it's worth taking a risk. 24.Why did the couple ask for help? A.Because they missed the train. B.Because they needed witnesses. C.Because they tried to start small talk. D.Because they wanted to share their joy. 25.The author hesitated at first due to A.unsafe environment B.a lack of curiosity C.inborn distrust D.a planted belief 26.What can we learn from the author's experience? A.Many hands make light work. B.One good turn deserves another. C.A joy shared can be a joy doubled. D.A leap of faith may unlock delights. C Have you ever felt as though the temperatures your local weather app reported failed to capture how it felt outside?Well,you were right.As heat waves become more intense and more frequent,we need to change the way we think about outdoor temperatures.What matters is not how hot the air is but how hot the weather is to a human body.For that,we need "wet-bulb globe temperature". 高三英语第5页（共11页） Wet-bulb temperature,which athletic organizations,the military and regulators have used for decades,comes from a device with three thermometers to better capture how heat stresses the body The first is a basic thermometer,which measures the air temperature.The second is a thermometer inside a black ball,which captures the heat our bodies absorb from direct sunlight.The third is a thermometer covered in a wet cloth,mimicking our body's ability to cool itself with sweat and accounting for factors such as humidity (and air movement.The three readings are combined using a weighting system to produce the thermometer wet-bulb temperature. Wet-bulb temperature might sound like the heat index"-that is,when your local weatherperson says,"It's 90 degrees,but it's going to feel like 98 because of humidity"-and there are similarities.But there are also critical differences. The heat index assumes you're in the shade and resting,but being in direct sunlight can add 15 degrees to the heat index.One way to understand the value of using wet temperatures is to look at maps comparing them with the more familiar "dry"temperatures.Take Fresno,Calif.,which is forecast-to reach 102 degrees.But humidity is low,so the corresponding wet-bulb temperature is 80.New York City, for comparison,is forecast to be 98,but humidity will be high,putting the wet-bulb temperature at 88-and making conditions even more dangerous than in Fresno. Don't get me wrong.I just want to stress that we cannot ignore the even more dangerous weather happening elsewhere that might be less obvious.Of course,it will take time for the public to become familiar with wet-bulb temperatures.The downside is that,because they are generally lower than dry temperatures or the heat index,people could misinterpret them.The solution is to educate people about why they're necessary. Policymakers have strategies to protect against extreme heat.For example,Portland, Ore.,has begun distributing free air conditioners.Simple infrastructure enhancements such as white roofs can reflect the sun's heat and incoming solar radiation.And planting more trees adjacent to buildings helps reduce temperatures and heat deaths. But these measures matter only if pcople and companies are aware there's an issue,which means using the right data.The goal should be to help people experiencing extreme heat to protect themselves.We have the tools to measure this correctly;we just need to use them. 高三英语第6页（共11页） 27.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A.The development of high-tech thermometers. B.The mcasurement of wet-bulb temperature. C.The standard of temperature classification. D.The application of a weighting system. 28.It is implied in this passage that A.dry temperatures can be misleading B.wet tomperature is higher than heat index. C.intense heat paired with low humidity can be risky D.potential dangers of extreme heat should be stressed 29.As for current heat-fighting strategies,the author thinks A.they may fail to deliver B.they should be monitored C.they ought to be diversified D.they can raise heat awareness 30.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To illustrate a concept B.To make a comparison. C.To propose a practice. D.To present a phenomenon. D For almost two centuries,newspapers have been on a journey into the mass market which gave them scale,reputation and profit but which has now reached its end.They mostly abandoned dependence on subscriptions and instead sold below production cost as a way to attract readers to sell to advertisers. Since the Internet took off,the print media's advertising-supported business model has suffered.In the past 20 years,newspapers'ad profits have fallen by about 80%,while circulation has roughly fallen by half.Though online traffic has risen, profit from digital advertising has failed to offset (the profit draining out of print."Platforms have become the new kings of the media landscape,"says the Competition and Markets Authority,a regulator. This power shift has led newspapers in many countries to turn to authorities for help.Partly because they have,by their very nature,a loud voice,they have generated sympathy.How much they deserve it is another matter. The world is filled with businesses torn apart by the digital revolution without anyone rushing to the rescue.Why are newspapers different?One argument is that a 高三英语第7页（共11页） thriving press supports grass-roots journalism,which,though often loss-making, supports fairness and equality.That is reasonable.Yet it is mixed with other motivations,such as the desire to choke the tech giants.The result is a range of interventions aimed at putting the pressure on big tech. Mindful of the outcry,big tech is offering a handout,promising $1bn over three years to newspapers to provide news content for its site.Some publishers saw it as an unstated admission that big tech should pay for news. If anything,the gratitude for big tech's generosity shows how desperate newspapers are for payment of any kind.More to the point,it will not change the underlying economics of the global newspaper industry..That is because the ad-funded business model was living on fumes even before the Internet ate the world this century.Data show that newspapers have been losing share of ad dollars to TV since the 1950s-long before the web.Circulation has also fallen relative to population,suggesting that profits were supported by economic and population growth,not because the industry was producing a more popular product. Claims that the tech giants are robbing newspapers for profit sound far-fetched, too.The real failure is that papers have lost control of distribution to platforms, making it harder to monetise the traffic.This is a mistake some content industries, such as video-streaming and music,have avoided.Moreover,some of the advertising dollars made by big tech came from bringing new firms into the market,rather than taking online advertisers from newspapers. So ignore the complaining of old-media companies in distress and look instead at how some newspapers have already adapted to the digital invasion.Also some digital publications with a newsworthy focus are thriving.The question of who pays for public-interest journalism remains unanswered.But few think it ought to be tech giants.That would "undermine the principles of an independent press". 31.Why does the author cite the statistics in Paragraph 2? A.To prove the decline of print media. B.To emphasize the popularity of platforms. C.To indicate the importance of digital advertising. D.To demonstrate the inconsistency in subscriptions. 32.The underlined phrase"was living on fumes"in Paragraph 6 probably means A.was taking off B.was moving forward C.was falling apart D.was struggling along 高三英语第8页（共11页） 33.Which of the following may the author agree with? A.The platform should support grass-roots journalism. B.The old media should produce marketable products. C.New online advertisers should be introduced. D.Effective interventions should be made. 34.Which would be the best title for the passage? A.Where is the Digital Age leading the press? B.Are online platforms really a way out? C.How the Internet impacts old media? D.Should big tech save newspapers? 第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 After seeing online advertising for "Willy's Cbocolate Experience",people paid up to f80 each to attend.But it wasn't as promised:instead of wondrous creations and an abundance of chocolate,families arrived at a mostly abandoned warehouse featuring a sad-looking castle.Later it emerged that the marketing materials were produced by artificial intelligence.Misleading ads are just one example of a common problem in our digitalised world.Yet even as deception (grows more complicated,countermeasures are being developed. There is an arms race going on in the digital world.35 Understanding that evolutionary conflict can help us beat those who aim to lie to us.Disinformation certainly predates the existence of humans.Cancer cells,for example,trick the immune system into treating them as a normal part of the body,causing white blood cells useless against them. 36 Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other birds.The foster parents are then deceived into raising the young of others at the expense of their own.More complex are cases where wild tufted capuchin monkeys may scream as though a predator (is nearby to trick their fellow primates into running away from food.37 This links to the Red Queen hypothesis,which refers to a case where two organisms compete to outsmart each other.38 Cuckoos compete with host birds. Primates compete with each other.In each conflict,a new strategy by one party forces the other to adapt-or face elimination in the cold game of natural selection. 高三英语第9页（共11页） Disinformation today is a more complex version of the false monkey screams. The good news is that we know enough about evolutionary thinking to predict which steps bad actors will take next.39 We bave novel ways to trick it into evolving a weakness that we then take advantage of,a process called "evolutionary trapping". Similarly,we know someone will try to outfox the tools being developed to counter deepfakes.We can predict what the next form of deepfake will look like,then prevent it. A.Bodies compete with cancers. B.We do this already with cancer C.They then take the food for themselves. D.They become more intelligont with each trick. E.We see disinformation strategies among animals,too. F.We-need to use our understanding to make traps of our own G.But the competition between deception and honesty is as old as life on Earth. 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 I started running competitively almost as soon as I could walk.I was three years old when I joined in my first official race.My mom and both of my brothers were runners,so the sport was built into my life from the beginning.When I was young,I enjoyed the freedom,ioy,and sense of power running gave me.This pure, concentrated love of the sport gave me wings that carried me through even the toughest practices and races. However,as I got older,pressure began to build up.I was winning,but I lost sight of my real purpose as a runner:to have fun.I even began to fear hard workouts,knowing I would be disappointed if I didn't achieve my goals.Before the final season in my high school career,I trained so hard that I got exhausted and hurt my calf.Rather than pausing for treatment and recovery,I chose to get to the linc. But at last,I had to step off the track because the pain was simply unbearable. Recovery was tough.When I was finally able to run again,I was out of shape and couldn't keep up with my team.Over the next three years,more injuries followed.But later,a famous long-distance runner Cathy's post changed everything for me."Every day,I make the choice to show up and see what I've got,and to try 高三英语第10页（共11页）