专题02 阅读理解之说明文 (宁夏专用)-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解之说明文 （一） 【2022-2023学年宁夏回族自治区银川一中高一下学期期末】By drawing patterns on the surface of a cup of tea, chabaixi (茶百戏), an ancient Chinese tea trick displayed in a recent TV drama, has gone viral for its apparent similarity with modern coffee art. However, ten years ago, this distinctive technique was close to disappearing. Zhang Zhifeng, a practician of chabaixi, found scenes of chabaixi in the drama aroused great interest among ordinary people. Chabaixi can create endless patterns such as bamboos and mountains or even calligraphy. There are over a dozen steps, from grinding (碾碎) tea for fine powder, to pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture for thick froth (泡沫), and finally drawing the patterns. It is different from making coffee because people use clear water as the object to put into the cup instead of milk. But when the water touches the surface of whipped (搅打起泡的) tea, it turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes. The process before the drawing is known as the tea—making technique, diancha. The quality of diancha is crucial to whether patterns can be successfully produced later. “Chabaixi is one of the countless forms of tea-making techniques in China. The importance of chabaixi is not only that this technique is unique in the world, but also it gives us a window into people’s lifestyle in the Song Dynasty, a period of time when leisure activities in some ways are similar to what we have now,” Zhang said. Before chabaixi was discovered by TV audiences, the technique was listed as part of China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2017, after it was recovered by Zhang Zhifeng. He started researching the origins of chabaixi in the 1980s and brought the technique back in 2009 after decades of trials and practice. “To let this technique fade would be a shame. It must be passed on to the next generations so they can understand its history,” Zhang said. 8．What do the underlined words “gone viral” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Maintained highly competitive. B．Received good protection. C．Started declining gradually. D．Became popular quickly. 9．What do we know about chabaixi? A．It develops based on coffee art. B．It involves complicated tea-making skills. C．It mainly describes beautiful scenery. D．It is painted with whipped milk. 10．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The origin of chabaixi. B．The uniqueness of chabaixi. C．The significance of chabaixi. D．The development of chabaixi. 11．What can be the best title for this passage? A．Zhang Zhifeng—A Practician of Chabaixi B．Ancient Tea Technique Finds New Popular Recognition C．A China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage D．Chabaixi—A Famous Tea-making Technique 【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国古代茶艺“茶百戏”，因一部电视剧走红。这项技术于2017年被列入中国非物质文化遗产，并介绍了这项非遗技艺的传承人张志峰为此所做的努力。 8．词句猜测题。根据划线词前“an ancient Chinese tea trick displayed in a recent TV drama(最近一部电视剧中展示的中国古代茶艺“茶百戏”)”及下文“However, ten years ago, this distinctive technique was close to disappearing.(然而，十年前，这种独特的技术几近消失)”可知，一项古老的茶艺几乎失传，应该是很多人不知道的，但是在一部电视剧中展示这项技艺，应该是更多的观众对这项古老技艺有了了解。由此推断，划线部分的意思是由于这部电视剧“茶百戏”再次为人熟知，流行开来。即划线部分意为“快速流行起来”。故选D项。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Chabaixi can create endless patterns such as bamboos and mountains or even calligraphy. There are over a dozen steps, from grinding (碾碎)tea for fine powder, to pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture for thick froth, and finally drawing the patterns.(茶百戏可以创造出无数的图案，如竹子和山脉，甚至书法。从磨成细粉，到倒开水，搅拌成浓沫，最后画出图案，总共有十几道工序)”及“ The process before the drawing is known as the tea-making technique, diancha. The quality of diancha is crucial to whether patterns can be successfully produced later.(画之前的泡茶过程被称为点茶。 点茶的质量是以后能否成功制作出图案的关键)”可知，茶百戏涉及非常复杂的泡茶艺术。 故选 B 项。 10．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Chabaixi is one of the countless forms of tea-making techniques in China. The importance of chabaixi is not only that this technique is unique in the world, but also it gives us a window into people’s lifestyle in the Song Dynasty, a period of time when leisure activities in some ways resemble what we have now.(茶百戏是中国无数种制茶技术中的一种。茶百戏的重要性不仅在于它的技术在世界上是独一无二的，还在于它让我们得以一窥宋代人们的生活方式，当时的休闲活动在某些方面与我们现在的生活方式很相似)”可知，该段落主要介绍这种古老技艺对于我们现代人具有重要意义。故选C项。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“By drawing patterns on the surface of a cup of tea, chabaixi (茶百戏), an ancient Chinese tea trick displayed in a recent TV drama, has gone viral for its apparent similarity with modern coffee art. However, ten years ago, this distinctive technique was close to disappearing.( 最近一部电视剧中展示的中国古代茶艺“茶百戏”，通过在茶杯表面画图案，因其与现代咖啡艺术的明显相似而走红。然而，十年前，这种独特的技术几近消失)”可知，文章主要介绍一种古老几乎失传的一种中国茶艺因一部电视剧而重又被人了解认识，后面全文主要向读者介绍这种茶艺及其价值。因此B项“古代茶艺获重新获得大众认可”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B项。 （二） 【2023-2024学年宁夏回族自治区银川一中高一下学期期末】By the year 2050, a fifth of the world’s cities will experience unprecedented climate conditions and environments that currently don’t exist in any major cities, according to new research. A team of scientists at the Crowther Lab in Switzerland produced the report, which described the climate for 520 major cities 30 years in the future. The results showed that 77 percent of the world’s cities will experience a surprising change in climate conditions by 2050, and 22 percent of the 520 cities will see conditions that are not currently experienced by any existing major cities. In China in 2050, the climate of Xi’an, in Shanxi province, will be similar to that of current day Maseru, the capital city of Lesotho in southern Africa, with the maximum temperature of the warmest month likely to increase by 4.59℃. Chongqing in southwest China will resemble the climate of Swaziland capital Mbabane, as the warmest temperature is predicted to rise by 5.1℃. Scientists predict summers in Europe will get warmer by an average of 3.5℃ and European winters will see temperature rises of 4.7℃. London’s climate will be more similar lo Barcelona, and Madrid’s to Marrakech. The Crowther Lab hopes the analysis will motivate decision-makers to take necessary steps to prevent or address some of the climate effects due to the threat of climate change. The report also found that cities in tropical regions will experience smaller changes in average temperature but will be controlled by shifts in rainfall regimes. This may lead to a noticeable increase in unexpected events, and severe droughts. “Across all scientific fields, the greatest challenge in climate science is no longer the precise measurement of climate change impacts, but inspiring people to picture is actual effects in order to motivate action,” said Tom Crowther, senior scientist und founder of the Crowther Lab. 28．According to the research, among the 520 cities by 2050, about ________ cities will experience the climate conditions that no major cities currently have experienced. A．400 B．114 C．260 D．104 29．How did the scientists prove their result? A．By listing figures. B．By making comparisons. C．By doing experiments. D．By explaining theory. 30．What is the Crowther Lab intended for? A．To compare the climate change of the major cities of the world. B．To inspire people to picture its actual effects in order to motivate action. C．To inspire decision-makers to take necessary steps to prevent some climate effects. D．To show most word’s cities will experience a striking change in climate conditions. 31．What is the best title of the passage? A．World Temperature B．Current Climate Change C．Big Titles in the World D．Future Climate Change in Most Big Cities 【答案】28．B 29．A 30．C 31．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。通过数据例举讲述了到2050年，世界上许多大城市的气候将变暖，呼吁人类要尽快采取措施。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“and 22 percent of the 520 cities will see conditions that are not currently experienced by any existing major cities.(520个城市中有22%的气候状况将不再是任何现存的大城市都经历过的样子)”可知，520中的22%大约就是114，所以到2050年，大约有114个城市将面临气候条件的变化。故选B。 29．推理判断题。根据第二段中 “The results showed that 77 percent of the world’s cities will experience a surprising change in climate conditions by 2050, and 22 percent of the 520 cities will see conditions that are not currently experienced by any existing major cities. ”以及第三段和第四段中“with the maximum temperature of the warmest month likely to increase by 4.59℃. as the warmest temperature is predicted to rise by 5.1℃. Scientists predict summers in Europe will get warmer by an average of 3.5℃ and European winters will see temperature rises of 4.7℃.”所列举的具体数据可知，这些科学家通过列出具体的数据来佐证他们的研究结果。故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The Crowther Lab hopes the analysis will motivate decision-makers to take necessary steps to prevent or address some of the climate effects due to the threat of climate change.(The Crowther Lab希望这项分析将激励决策者采取必要的措施，以防止或解决气候变化威胁造成的一些气候影响)”可知，the Crowther Lab的目的就是激励决策者采取必要的措施来防止一些气候影响。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“By the year 2050, a fifth of the world’s cities will experience unprecedented climate conditions and environments that currently don’t exist in any major cities, according to new research.(据最新研究报道，到2050年，世界上有五分之一的城市将面临前所未有的气候条件和环境的变化，那将是在目前任何一个主要城市都没有出过的)”以及后文进行的具体论证可知，文章主要介绍了对未来的一些大城市气候变化的预测。D项：“一些重大城市的未来气候变化”符合题意，做文章的标题。故选D。 （三） 【2023-2024学年宁夏青铜峡市宁朔中学高一下学期期末】Many Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at school. But American schools also have their rules. If the students break the rules, they will get punishment, too. On the first day of a new term, 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes. There are altogether 1, 200 students in the school. Usually there are 20 students breaking the school dress rule every day. So the headmaster Theresa Mayerik said it was the worst new term she had ever seen. At Morton High School, students’ favorite clothing such as baggy (宽大的) trousers, low-necked shirts and tank tops (坎肩) is not allowed in classrooms. Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear. But the headmaster doesn’t think so. “I’d be supportive if half the school were sent home, because 99% will get the message that our school is for education.” “Freedom” does not mean “free of restrictions (约束)”. That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China. 8．Many Chinese students think that ________. A．American students are very free at school B．American students are not so clever as them C．American students don’t love their school at all D．there is no freedom in American schools 9．128 students of Morton High School were sent home for ________. A．not finishing their homework B．being late for school C．not wearing the right clothes D．not listening to the teachers in class 10．What does the underlined word “supportive” mean in Chinese? A．高兴的 B．支持的 C．害怕的 D．反对的 11．What’s the writer’s attitude to the school dress rule? A．Agreeable. B．Disagreeable. C．Not sure. D．Unclear. 【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。很多中国学生认为在美国的学校比在中国的学校更自由，文章通过两个例子指出不管是在美国还是在中国，没有完全的自由。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Many Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at school.(很多中国学生认为美国学生在学校享有比他们更多的自由)”可知，很多中国学生认为美国学生在学校很自由。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“On the first day of a new term, 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes.(在新学期的第一天，莫顿高中的128名学生因为穿错了衣服而被遣送回家)”可知，128名学生被送回家是因为穿了不合适的衣服。故选C。 10．词义猜测题。根据画线词前两句“Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear. But the headmaster doesn’t think so.(一些学生认为他们有权选择穿什么。但是校长不这么认为)”及画线词后“if half the school were sent home(如果一半的学生被遣送回家)”可知，一些学生认为他们有权利选择穿什么，但是校长不这么认为。所以校长反对学生随意着装，那么当孩子穿错衣服被送回家时，校长应是持支持态度，故supportive意为“支持的”。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Freedom’ does not mean ‘free of restrictions (约束)’. That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China.(‘自由’并不意味着‘不受约束’。也就是说，世界上没有完全的自由，无论是在美国还是在中国)”可知，自由不意味着没有约束。也就是说世界上没有完全的自由，不管在中国还是在美国。从这些表达可以看出，作者认为学校关于穿衣服的规定是合理的，即作者同意这个规定。故选A。 （四） 【2023-2024学年宁夏石嘴山市第三中学高一下学期期末】Officials have unveiled the gold, silver and bronze medals that will be awarded at this summer’s Olympic games in Paris, and each one contains a unique souvenir: a fragment (碎片) of waste iron from the Eiffel Tower. “It’s the opportunity for the athletes to bring back a piece of Paris with them,” Thierry Reboul, creative director of Paris 2024, told reporters last week. “The absolute symbol of Paris and France is the Eiffel Tower.” The Eiffel Tower opened in 1889 and during the later repair work, some of the original iron was cut off and preserved over time. Now, some of those preserved metal fragments have found new homes. Each new Olympic me dal features a piece of Eiffel Tower iron — though the signature “Eiffel Tower brown” paint has been removed. These pieces have been shaped into hexagons (六边形), which is the “shape of France”. Besides, there are words “Paris 2024”, the Olympic rings and the Games logo, which looks like a flame or the face of a woman with a bob haircut. How did they think of such an idea? Joachim Roncin, head of design at the Paris Games organizing committee told the press, “We talked about the design many times and realized that there’s one symbol known across the world, which is the Eiffel Tower. We said to ourselves, ‘Hey, what if we approached the Eiffel Tower Operating Company to see if it’s possible to get a bit of the Eiffel Tower to integrate into the medal?’” When the Eiffel Tower Operating Company agreed to volunteer pieces of original iron, “the dream became reality,” adds Roncin. The medals, designed by the luxury Paris jewelry house Chaumet, make people think of the Eiffel Tower in several other ways. The pieces of iron are secured by what looks like special nails that hold the structure together, and the medals’ ribbons are decorated with patterns of the tower’s latticework structure. The iron fragments are set in recycled silver, gold and bronze disks. Over 5,000 medals are being made. 8．What does Thierry mean by saying “bring back a piece of Paris”? A．The athletes will buy souvenirs about Paris. B．The athletes will take many photos of Paris. C．Part of the athletes’ medal is from the symbol of Paris. D．The Eiffel Tower will be left in the athletes’ memory. 9．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4? A．The symbolic meaning of the hexagons. B．The shape and material of the Olympic medal. C．The processing technique of the Eiffel Tower iron pieces. D．The design of the Eiffel Tower iron fragment on the medal. 10．How did the designers get the idea of adding the waste iron? A．From a strange dream. B．By asking for the public. C．Through their discussion. D．By studying the Eiffel Tower. 11．What can we infer about the new Olympic medals? A．They are innovative. B．They are light. C．They have six sides. D．They are golden-colored. 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．C 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴黎奥运会奖牌的新颖设计、创意的来源以及其他的背景知识等。 8． 细节理解题。根据第二段““It’s the opportunity for the athletes to bring back a piece of Paris with them,” Thierry Reboul, creative director of Paris 2024, told reporters last week. “The absolute symbol of Paris and France is the Eiffel Tower.” (巴黎2024年奥运会创意总监蒂埃里•雷布尔(Thierry Reboul)上周告诉记者：“对运动员来说，这是一个把巴黎的一部分带回来的机会。”“埃菲尔铁塔是巴黎和法国的绝对象征。”)”可知，奖牌上有埃菲尔铁塔上面的碎铁，而埃菲尔铁塔是巴黎的标志性建筑。故选C项。 9．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Each new Olympic me dal features a piece of Eiffel Tower iron — though the signature “Eiffel Tower brown”paint has been removed. These pieces have been shaped into hexagons (六边形), which is the “shape of France”. Besides, there are words “Paris 2024”, the Olympic rings and the Games logo, which looks like a flame or the face of a woman with a bob haircut. (每一个新的奥运奖牌上都有一块埃菲尔铁塔的铁，尽管标志性的“埃菲尔铁塔棕色”油漆已经被去掉了。这些碎片被塑造成六边形，这是“法国的形状”。此外，还有“巴黎2024”字样、奥运五环和奥运会徽，会徽看起来像一束火焰，或者是一个短发女人的脸。)”可知，本段主要介绍了奥运奖牌上面的埃菲尔铁塔的碎片被制成六边形的形状、并刻上字和奥运五环等，因此可知，本段介绍了新的巴黎奥运奖牌上的埃菲尔铁塔碎片设计。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据第五段“How did they think of such an idea? Joachim Roncin, head of design at the Paris Games organizing committee told the press, “We talked about the design many times and realized that there’s one symbol known across the world, which is the Eiffel Tower. We said to ourselves, ‘Hey, what if we approached the Eiffel Tower Operating Company to see if it’s possible to get a bit of the Eiffel Tower to integrate into the medal?’” (他们是怎么想到这个主意的?巴黎奥组委设计负责人约阿希姆·朗辛告诉媒体：“我们多次讨论设计方案，并意识到有一个世界闻名的标志，那就是埃菲尔铁塔。我们对自己说，‘嘿，如果我们找到埃菲尔铁塔运营公司，看看是否有可能把埃菲尔铁塔的一部分融入到奖牌中呢?’”)”可知，设计者们是在讨论得到的这个设计奖牌的想法。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Officials have unveiled the gold, silver and bronze medals that will be awarded at this summer’s Olympic games in Paris, and each one contains a unique souvenir: a fragment (碎片) of waste iron from the Eiffel Tower. (官方公布了将在今年夏季巴黎奥运会上颁发的金、银、铜牌，每一枚奖牌都有一个独特的纪念品：埃菲尔铁塔上的废铁碎片。)”以及纵观全文可知，法国把埃菲尔铁塔的碎片经过加工设计镶嵌到了奥运奖牌中，这是其他国家没有的，因此推断新的奥运奖牌是独特、新颖的。故选A项。 （五） 【2023-2024学年宁夏石嘴山市第一中学高一下学期期末】Have you ever imagined an insect-inspired robot, which weighs less than a gram, could one day help out in surgery (外科手术)? Scientists have designed this small, “insect-bot” called mCLARI that can control and even change its body shape as it travels in different environments to fit through gaps. It’s 2 centimeters long, weighs less than 0.97 grams and can travel at a speed of 6 centimeters per second.It’s the smaller, faster replacement to CLARI, which was designed by the same team. “Because of the robot’s small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas,” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said. These include disaster (灾害) response , check on high-value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment. “In the long term, we hope such robots will be used more widely in moving through human bodies and performing surgeries that can’t be easily done at present,” Jayaram said. With mCLARI, Jayaram’s team is moving closer to creating robots that can fit in different environments—just like the insects they’re inspired by. The mCLARI robot has four legs and can move in narrow spaces by changing between running forward and side-to-side and can use different speeds in human bodies. Its legs are joined to its body through joints (关节), which enables mCLARI to change its body shape based on the environment it is in. For example, its legs can be lengthened up to 50% in certain spaces. As follow-up work, the scientists want to give mCLARI more power and sensing ability while helping the surgeries. “We are also excited about understanding the effect of shape change on improving functions of robots,” Jayaram said. “And this is sure a great one-step forward of the technology. The robot will have entered the market by 2025 and will bring greater benefits to mankind, especially in medical treatment.” 8．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Possible application fields of the robot. B．Different types of the robot. C．Several important features of the robot. D．Working process of the robot. 9．Which of the following can best describe mCLARI? A．Valuable but uncontrollable. B．Modern but high-cost. C．Heavy and time-consuming. D．Advanced and effective. 10．What is Jayaram’s attitude towards the robot? A．Worried. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Jayaram: A Scientist Studying Robot Intelligence B．mCLARI Is Already Widely Available in the Market C．CLARI: A Robot Invented by Inspiration from the Insects D．A Tiny Shape-changing Robot Will Help Perform Surgeries 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．B 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们设计的一款新的机器人，这款机器人可以在外科手术中大显身手。 8．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段““Because of the robot’s small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas,” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said. These include disaster(灾害)response , check on high-value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment. (主要作者Kaushik Jayaram表示：“由于机器人体积小，且能够改变形状，我们预计这项技术将在四个重要领域得到应用。”这些领域包括灾难响应、检查高价值物品、环境监测和医疗治疗。)”可知，第三段主要讨论了这种机器人可能的应用领域，包括灾难响应、检查高价值物品、环境监测和医疗治疗。故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Scientists have designed this small, “insect-bot” called mCLARI that can control and even change its body shape as it travels in different environments to fit through gaps. (科学家们设计了一种名为“mCLARI”小型昆虫机器人，它可以控制甚至改变自己的体型，在不同的环境中穿行，以适应缝隙。)”以及文章第三段““Because of the robot’s small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas,” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said. These include disaster (灾害) response , check on high-value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment. (主要作者Kaushik Jayaram表示：“由于机器人体积小，且能够改变形状，我们预计这项技术将在四个重要领域得到应用。”这些领域包括灾难响应、检查高价值物品、环境监测和医疗治疗。)”可知，这款机器人是由科学家设计的，能够控制和改变形状以适应不同环境，预计在医疗等领域有广泛应用，这表明它是先进且有效的技术。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As follow-up work, the scientists want to give mCLARI more power and sensing ability while helping the surgeries. “We are also excited about understanding the effect of shape change on improving functions of robots,” Jayaram said. “And this is sure a great one-step forward of the technology. The robot will have entered the market by 2025 and will bring greater benefits to mankind, especially in medical treatment.” (作为后续工作，科学家们希望在帮助手术的同时赋予mCLARI更多的能量和感知能力。Jayaram说：“我们也很高兴能够理解形状变化对提高机器人功能的影响。这无疑是这项技术向前迈出的一大步。到2025年，机器人将进入市场，并将为人类带来更大的利益，特别是在医疗方面。”)”可知，Jayaram对于这款机器人的前景抱有积极的态度。故选B。 11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Have you ever imagined an insect-inspired robot, which weighs less than a gram, could one day help out in surgery (外科手术)? (你是否曾想象过，一个受昆虫启发、重量不到一克的机器人，有朝一日能在外科手术中大显身手？)”以及全文内容可知，主要介绍了科学家设计的一种小型、可变形的机器人mCLARI，并指出它未来可能在手术等领域的应用。因此选项D“A Tiny Shape-changing Robot Will Help Perform Surgeries (一个微型变形机器人将帮助进行手术)”最能概括文章内容。故选D。 （六） 【2023-2024学年宁夏石嘴山市平罗中学高一下学期期末】Elephant Transit Home In both Africa and Asia elephants are being threatened by changes in their natural habitats (栖息地). People are moving into the elephants’ habitats and endangering their survival. In the country of Sri Lanka, there is one place where elephants are not only protected but also respected. It is called the Elephant Transit Home (ETH). Set up in 1995, the ETH aims to protect and nurture baby elephants that are found injured or living without their mothers in the wild. Every year about 30 baby elephants in Sri Lanka need help. As many as possible are brought to the ETH. There they are given food, shelter, and medical care. Most importantly, they are given the chance to be with other elephants and become part of a herd (象群). A day at the ETH begins early in the morning when the baby elephants are given their first feeding of milk. During the day, each baby will drink an average of 13 gallons of milk. Older elephants are fed mostly coconut leaves and other native plants. Then the elephants are allowed to walk around, eating the grass and forming a herd. The cost of caring for the baby elephants is high. The ETH spends about $125,000 each year on powdered milk for the baby elephants. At the ETH, workers try to reduce human connection with the elephants. They also try to increase bonds (联系) between the elephants. It usually takes three years for a baby elephant to be set free into its natural habitat. The elephants are sent back to the wild together with other orphans with whom they have bonded. This program helps them return to the wild as members of a herd that will communicate with each other and take care of each other. The ETH is considered one of the best animal protection sites in the world. Not only are the elephants cared for, they are treated with respect. Most importantly, they go back to live in the wild, where they belong. 8．What does the underlined word “nurture” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Set free. B．Relate to. C．Focus on. D．Care for. 9．What do we know about the ETH? A．It changes elephants’ habitats for the better. B．It receives about $125,000 each year. C．It helps to keep baby elephants safe. D．It protects 30 elephants every year. 10．Why do the workers reduce human connection with the elephants? A．To study them better in a natural environment. B．To help them make it in the wild as a herd. C．To provide them with more living space. D．To train them to stay away from hunters. 11．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce an animal protection site. B．To show the ways of wildlife protection. C．To explain the threat baby elephants face. D．To persuade the readers to protect elephants. 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个名为“大象中转之家（ETH）”的组织，旨在保护和培育那些在野外受伤或失去母亲的小象。介绍了项目对小象的照顾过程等情况。ETH被认为是世界上最好的动物保护基地之一。大象不仅受到照顾，而且受到尊重。最重要的是，他们回到野外生活，他们属于那里。 8．词义猜测题。根据划线词后文的内容“baby elephants that are found injured or living without their mothers in the wild.(在野外发现受伤或没有母亲陪伴的小象。)”可知，那些在野外受伤或失去母亲的小象需要ETH组织的保护和照顾，故划线单词意思为“照顾”。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Every year about 30 baby elephants in Sri Lanka need help. As many as possible are brought to the ETH. There they are given food, shelter, and medical care.(每年斯里兰卡大约有30只小象需要帮助。尽可能多的人被带到ETH。在那里，他们得到食物、住所和医疗照顾。)”可知，在斯里兰卡，每年大约有30头小象需要帮助。尽可能多的小象被送到ETH。在那里，他们得到食物、住所和医疗照顾。由此可知，ETH有助于保护小象的安全。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This program helps them return to the wild as members of a herd that will communicate with each other and take care of each other.(这个项目帮助它们作为牧群的成员返回野外，彼此交流，互相照顾。)”可知，这个项目帮助他们回到野外，作为一个群体的成员，互相交流，互相照顾。由此可知，工作人员减少了与大象之间的联系，以帮助它们作为一个群体在野外生存。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“In the country of Sri Lanka, there is one place where elephants are not only protected but also respected. It is called the Elephant Transit Home (ETH).(在斯里兰卡，有一个地方，大象不仅受到保护，而且受到尊重。它被称为大象过境之家(ETH)。)”可知,在斯里兰卡，有一个地方不仅保护大象，而且尊重大象。它被称为大象中转之家（ETH）。结合文章主要介绍了主要介绍了一个名为“大象中转之家（ETH）”的组织，旨在保护和培育那些在野外受伤或失去母亲的小象。介绍了项目对小象的照顾过程等情况。ETH被认为是世界上最好的动物保护基地之一。大象不仅受到照顾，而且受到尊重。最重要的是，他们回到野外生活，他们属于那里。由此可推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍一个动物保护项目。故选A。 （七） 【2023-2024学年宁夏吴忠市同心县八中等校高一下学期期末】China’s Twenty- four Solar Terms is considered to be the country’s fifth great invention. It has been added to UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录). The Twenty-four Solar Terms was invented by ancient Chinese. At that time, most people were farmers. They had to learn about the movement of the sun in a year and do the farming accordingly. The Twenty-four Solar Terms shows the changes of climate, seasons and some biological phenomena (生物现象). For example, Rain Water is between February 18th and February 20th. When it comes, the temperature goes up, snow melts and there will be more and more rain. Start of Spring, Start of Summer, Start of Autumn and Start of Winter are openings of the four seasons. Awakening of Insects is between arch 5th and March 6th. During this period, many living things come out after a long winter of silence. The Twenty-four Solar Terms shows ancient Chinese people’s wisdom. Now it is added to UNESCO’s heritage list. This means that it is accepted and will be accepted by more and more people in the world. 12．Why did ancient Chinese invent the Twenty-four Solar Terms? A．Because they wanted to tell the differences of four seasons. B．Because they wanted to learn something about the sun. C．Because they wanted to help them do the farming. D．Because most of them were farmers. 13．What happens when Awakening of Insects comes? A．Summer begins. B．The temperature goes down. C．There will be more and more snow. D．The snake comes out after a long winter sleep. 14．How many solar terms are mentioned in the article? A．Two solar terms are mentioned. B．Four solar terms are mentioned. C．Five solar terms are mentioned. D．Six solar terms are mentioned. 15．According to the passage, which of the following is Not True? A．The Twenty-four Solar Terms shows that ancient Chinese people were wise. B．The Twenty-four Solar Terms is one of the four great inventions. C．The Twenty-four Solar Terms is added to UNESCO’s heritage list. D．The Twenty-four Solar Terms is accepted in the world. 【答案】12．C 13．D 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是说明文。详细解释了中国的二十四节气，包括其历史背景、意义、以及被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录的重要性 12．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Twenty- four Solar Terms was invented by ancient Chinese. At that time, most people were farmers. They had to learn about the movement of the sun in a year and do the farming accordingly.(二十四节气是由中国古代人民发明的。当时，大多数人都是农民。他们必须了解一年中太阳的运动，并据此进行耕作)”可知，中国古人发明二十四节气是为了耕作。故选C项。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Awakening of Insects is between arch 5th and March 6th. During this period, many living things come out after a long winter of silence.(惊蛰是在3月5日到3月6日之间。在此期间，许多生物在经历了一个漫长的沉寂冬季后开始出现)”可知，惊蛰期间，经过漫长的冬眠，蛇出来了。故选D项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, Rain Water is between February 18th and February 20th. When it comes, the temperature goes up, snow melts and there will be more and more rain. Start of Spring, Start of Summer, Start of Autumn and Start of Winter are openings of the four seasons. Awakening of Insects is between arch 5th and March 6th. During this period, many living things come out after a long winter of silence.(例如，雨水是在2月18日到2月20日之间。当它到来时，气温上升，雪融化，雨也会越来越多。立春、立夏、立秋和立冬是四季的开始。惊蛰是在3月5日到3月6日之间。在此期间，许多生物在经历了一个漫长的沉寂冬季后开始出现)”可知，文中提到了雨水、立春、立夏、立秋、立冬以及惊蛰六个节气。故选D项。 15．细节理解题。根据第一段“China’s Twenty- four Solar Terms is considered to be the country’s fifth great invention. It has been added to UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录).(中国的二十四节气被认为是中国的第五大发明。它已被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录)”可知，中国的二十四节气是第五大发明，不是四大发明之一，B项错误。故选B项。 （八） 【2023-2024学年宁夏吴忠市同心县四校联考高一下学期期末】Cheng Cheung Hung, a Chinese sprinter(短跑运动员), says Asia’s fastest man Su Bingtian is his hero, who was the first Chinese to run 100 meters in 10 seconds in 2015. “Su Bingtian created a new Asian record. His super performance definitely earned him the title of ‘Su-per’. I had the pleasure of shaking his hand, which was a great inspiration,” said Cheng after his competition in China’s first Youth Games on Monday. Four weeks ago, Su delivered a speech, which attracted many young athletes like Cheng Cheung Hung. Cheng not only shook hands with his hero, but also was inspired by Su’s speech. “It was truly an enlightening experience for me,” recalled Cheng. “Su encouraged us to try and challenge ourselves to break the limit. Combining(结合)talent and hard work together, we can step on the world stage.” Majored in physical therapy(理疗), Cheng has well balanced his school studies and training at university. “The main thing is to do a good job of time management for studying and training,” he said. “In the classroom and on the sports field, it’s all about learning.” Through studying physical therapy at university, Cheng got a deeper understanding of human body structure and conducted scientific analysis of sprinting. He said he could be aware of the change in his physical state now and immediately correct his training time based on his knowledge and research. “It would be a great honor to be involved in sports in the future, and to pass on the experience I have learned now to the next generation. I hope to help the development of sports,” Cheng said. 4．What does Cheng Cheung Hung think of Su? A．Admirable. B．Brave. C．Honest. D．Strict. 5．What did Su suggest young athletes do in his speech? A．Go abroad for skills. B．Share experience with each other. C．Spare enough time for rest. D．Challenge themselves. 6．What can we know about Cheng Cheung Hung? A．He is poor at study. B．He came first in the 100-meter race in 2015. C．He earned the title of “Su-per” in his performance. D．He has achieved a balance between study and training. 7．What does Cheng Cheung Hung say about his study in college? A．It cost him much money. B．It led him to be a scientist. C．It helped him with sports training. D．It wasted too much time. 【答案】4．A 5．D 6．D 7．C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国短跑运动员Cheng Cheung Hung。 4．推理判断题，根据二段“I had the pleasure of shaking his hand, which was a great inspiration (我很高兴和他握手，这是一个很大的鼓舞)”和第三段“Cheng not only shook hands with his hero, but also was inspired by Su’s speech. “It was truly an enlightening experience for me,” recalled Cheng. (程不仅和他的英雄握了握手，还被苏的演讲所鼓舞。“这对我来说真的是一次有启发的经历，”程回忆道。)”可推断，Cheng Cheung Hug认为Su是令人钦佩的。故选A。 5．细节理解题，根据第三段“Su encouraged us to try and challenge ourselves to break the limit. Combining(结合)talent and hard work together, we can step on the world stage. (苏鼓励我们尝试和挑战自己，打破极限。结合天赋和努力，我们可以登上世界舞台。)”可知，Su建议年轻运动员试着挑战自己，打破极限。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Majored in physical therapy(理疗), Cheng has well balanced his school studies and training at university.(他主修物理治疗，很好地平衡了他在学校的学习和大学的训练。)”可知，ChengCheung Hung能够兼顾学习和训练。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据第五段“Through studying physical therapy at university, Cheng got a deeper understanding of human body structure and conducted scientific analysis of sprinting. He said he could be aware of the change in his physical state now and immediately correct his training time based on his knowledge and research. (通过在大学学习物理治疗，他对人体结构有了更深入的了解，并对短跑进行了科学的分析。他说，他现在可以意识到自己身体状态的变化，并根据自己的知识和研究，立即调整训练时间。)” 可知，Cheng Cheung Hug大学期间在理疗方面的学习有助于他的体育训练。故选C。 （九） 【2023-2024学年宁夏吴忠市同心县四校联考高一下学期期末】When 62-year-old fisherman Kpana Charlie has finished placing the day’s catch in his nets, he likes to sit on his wooden chair and let his mind go back to his childhood. Back then, his home on Sierra Leone’s Nyangai Island seemed like a paradise (天堂). He spent endless hours playing with his friends on the island’s shining white beaches. He liked to kick around a soccer ball on the sports field in his village, and in mango season, he would shake the trees to collect their colorful fruit. Whenever he wanted to avoid doing his homework, he could simply disappear into the thick forest that covered much of the island. Today, Nyangai is disappearing, swallowed up by the sea. As recently as ten years ago, it still measured some 2, 300 feet from end to end. What’s left today is a patch of (一片) sand which is 300 feet long and 250 wide. The forests are gone, flooded by saltwater. The soccer field lies under water for 22 hours of the day. And the land on which Charlie’s family home once stood, the home he was born in, has been disappearing under the waves. In as little as two years, Charlie fears, Nyangai may no longer exist at all. With nearly a third of its population living in coastal areas, and its heavy reliance on agriculture and fishing, Sierra Leone has been treated as one of the world’s most vulnerable countries to the effects of climate (气候) change. Gabriel Jaka, head of operations for the country’s Meteorological Agency, says the reason for Nyangai’s troubles is clear. “We’re seeing a significant sea-level rise and these people don’t have any proper defenses,” he says. “All they have are sandbags. If we don’t act now, the effects on people are just going to get worse.” 12．What do the figures in paragraph 3 show? A．Nyangai is large in area. B．Nyangai has a long history. C．Nyangai is being destroyed by humans. D．Nyangai is suffering a lot from a sea-level rise. 13．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Far-reaching. B．Protected. C．Easy to be attacked. D．Difficult to keep in touch with. 14．How does Gabriel Jaka feel about people’s future life in Nyangai? A．Worried. B．Calm. C．Unconcerned. D．Hopeful. 15．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To introduce a poor fisherman. B．To call for actions to fight climate change. C．To present a fisherman’s old hometown. D．To show the destruction of the forest. 【答案】12．D 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海平面的急剧上升导致一些低洼地区被淹没，虽然采取了一些措施，但也收效甚微。 12．推理判断题 。根据第三段内容“Today, Nyangai is disappearing, swallowed up by the sea. As recently as ten years ago, it still measured some 2, 300 feet from end to end. What’s left today is a patch of(一片)sand which is 300 feet long and 250 wide. The forests are gone, flooded by saltwater. The soccer field lies under water for 22 hours of the day. And the land on which Charlie’s family home once stood, the home he was born in, has been disappearing under the waves. In as little as two years, Charlie fears, Nyangai may no longer exist at all.( 如今，Nyangai正在消失，被大海吞没。就在十年前，它的首尾距离还在2300英尺左右。今天剩下的是一片长300英尺，宽250英尺的沙子。森林消失了，被海水淹没。足球场一天有22个小时被水淹没。查理的家曾经所在的土地，他出生的地方，已经消失在海浪中。查理担心，再过两年，Nyangai可能就不复存在了。)”可推断，本段通过数字对比来证明 Nyangai正受到海平面升高的威胁。故选D。 13．词义猜测题。根据前文“With nearly a third of its population living in coastal areas, and its heavy reliance on agriculture and fishing(该国近三分之一的人口居住在沿海地区，严重依赖农业和渔业)”可推断，塞拉利昂大部分人口生活在沿海地区，严重依赖农业和渔业，因此推断非常容易受到气候的影响，被看作世界上最容易受到气候变化影响的国家之一，故划线词vulnerable与C项“容易受到攻击的”意思相近。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Gabriel Jaka, head of operations for the country’s Meteorological Agency, says the reason for Nyangai’s troubles is clear. “We’re seeing a significant sea-level rise and these people don’t have any proper defenses,” he says. “All they have are sandbags. If we don’t act now, the effects on people are just going to get worse.”(该国气象局业务负责人Gabriel Jaka说，Nyangai遇到麻烦的原因很清楚。“我们看到海平面显著上升，而这些人没有任何适当的防御措施。”他说：“他们只有沙袋。如果我们现在不采取行动，对人们的影响只会变得更糟。”)”可推断，Gabriel Jaka对于在Nyangai的人的未来的生活感到担忧。故选A。 15．推理判断题。通读全文，特别是最后一段的“If we don’t act now, the effects on people are just going to get worse.( 如果我们现在不采取行动，对人们的影响只会变得更糟。)”可推断，作者的写作目的是呼吁人们采取措施应对天气变化。故选B。 （十） 【2023-2024学年宁夏石嘴山市平罗中学高一下学期期末】Elephant Transit Home In both Africa and Asia elephants are being threatened by changes in their natural habitats (栖息地). People are moving into the elephants’ habitats and endangering their survival. In the country of Sri Lanka, there is one place where elephants are not only protected but also respected. It is called the Elephant Transit Home (ETH). Set up in 1995, the ETH aims to protect and nurture baby elephants that are found injured or living without their mothers in the wild. Every year about 30 baby elephants in Sri Lanka need help. As many as possible are brought to the ETH. There they are given food, shelter, and medical care. Most importantly, they are given the chance to be with other elephants and become part of a herd (象群). A day at the ETH begins early in the morning when the baby elephants are given their first feeding of milk. During the day, each baby will drink an average of 13 gallons of milk. Older elephants are fed mostly coconut leaves and other native plants. Then the elephants are allowed to walk around, eating the grass and forming a herd. The cost of caring for the baby elephants is high. The ETH spends about $125,000 each year on powdered milk for the baby elephants. At the ETH, workers try to reduce human connection with the elephants. They also try to increase bonds (联系) between the elephants. It usually takes three years for a baby elephant to be set free into its natural habitat. The elephants are sent back to the wild together with other orphans with whom they have bonded. This program helps them return to the wild as members of a herd that will communicate with each other and take care of each other. The ETH is considered one of the best animal protection sites in the world. Not only are the elephants cared for, they are treated with respect. Most importantly, they go back to live in the wild, where they belong. 8．What does the underlined word “nurture” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Set free. B．Relate to. C．Focus on. D．Care for. 9．What do we know about the ETH? A．It changes elephants’ habitats for the better. B．It receives about $125,000 each year. C．It helps to keep baby elephants safe. D．It protects 30 elephants every year. 10．Why do the workers reduce human connection with the elephants? A．To study them better in a natural environment. B．To help them make it in the wild as a herd. C．To provide them with more living space. D．To train them to stay away from hunters. 11．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce an animal protection site. B．To show the ways of wildlife protection. C．To explain the threat baby elephants face. D．To persuade the readers to protect elephants. 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个名为“大象中转之家（ETH）”的组织，旨在保护和培育那些在野外受伤或失去母亲的小象。介绍了项目对小象的照顾过程等情况。ETH被认为是世界上最好的动物保护基地之一。大象不仅受到照顾，而且受到尊重。最重要的是，他们回到野外生活，他们属于那里。 8．词义猜测题。根据划线词后文的内容“baby elephants that are found injured or living without their mothers in the wild.(在野外发现受伤或没有母亲陪伴的小象。)”可知，那些在野外受伤或失去母亲的小象需要ETH组织的保护和照顾，故划线单词意思为“照顾”。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Every year about 30 baby elephants in Sri Lanka need help. As many as possible are brought to the ETH. There they are given food, shelter, and medical care.(每年斯里兰卡大约有30只小象需要帮助。尽可能多的人被带到ETH。在那里，他们得到食物、住所和医疗照顾。)”可知，在斯里兰卡，每年大约有30头小象需要帮助。尽可能多的小象被送到ETH。在那里，他们得到食物、住所和医疗照顾。由此可知，ETH有助于保护小象的安全。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This program helps them return to the wild as members of a herd that will communicate with each other and take care of each other.(这个项目帮助它们作为牧群的成员返回野外，彼此交流，互相照顾。)”可知，这个项目帮助他们回到野外，作为一个群体的成员，互相交流，互相照顾。由此可知，工作人员减少了与大象之间的联系，以帮助它们作为一个群体在野外生存。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“In the country of Sri Lanka, there is one place where elephants are not only protected but also respected. It is called the Elephant Transit Home (ETH).(在斯里兰卡，有一个地方，大象不仅受到保护，而且受到尊重。它被称为大象过境之家(ETH)。)”可知,在斯里兰卡，有一个地方不仅保护大象，而且尊重大象。它被称为大象中转之家（ETH）。结合文章主要介绍了主要介绍了一个名为“大象中转之家（ETH）”的组织，旨在保护和培育那些在野外受伤或失去母亲的小象。介绍了项目对小象的照顾过程等情况。ETH被认为是世界上最好的动物保护基地之一。大象不仅受到照顾，而且受到尊重。最重要的是，他们回到野外生活，他们属于那里。由此可推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍一个动物保护项目。故选A。 （十一） 【2023-2024学年宁夏石嘴山市第一中学高一下学期期末】Have you ever imagined an insect-inspired robot, which weighs less than a gram, could one day help out in surgery (外科手术)? Scientists have designed this small, “insect-bot” called mCLARI that can control and even change its body shape as it travels in different environments to fit through gaps. It’s 2 centimeters long, weighs less than 0.97 grams and can travel at a speed of 6 centimeters per second.It’s the smaller, faster replacement to CLARI, which was designed by the same team. “Because of the robot’s small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas,” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said. These include disaster (灾害) response , check on high-value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment. “In the long term, we hope such robots will be used more widely in moving through human bodies and performing surgeries that can’t be easily done at present,” Jayaram said. With mCLARI, Jayaram’s team is moving closer to creating robots that can fit in different environments—just like the insects they’re inspired by. The mCLARI robot has four legs and can move in narrow spaces by changing between running forward and side-to-side and can use different speeds in human bodies. Its legs are joined to its body through joints (关节), which enables mCLARI to change its body shape based on the environment it is in. For example, its legs can be lengthened up to 50% in certain spaces. As follow-up work, the scientists want to give mCLARI more power and sensing ability while helping the surgeries. “We are also excited about understanding the effect of shape change on improving functions of robots,” Jayaram said. “And this is sure a great one-step forward of the technology. The robot will have entered the market by 2025 and will bring greater benefits to mankind, especially in medical treatment.” 8．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Possible application fields of the robot. B．Different types of the robot. C．Several important features of the robot. D．Working process of the robot. 9．Which of the following can best describe mCLARI? A．Valuable but uncontrollable. B．Modern but high-cost. C．Heavy and time-consuming. D．Advanced and effective. 10．What is Jayaram’s attitude towards the robot? A．Worried. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Jayaram: A Scientist Studying Robot Intelligence B．mCLARI Is Already Widely Available in the Market C．CLARI: A Robot Invented by Inspiration from the Insects D．A Tiny Shape-changing Robot Will Help Perform Surgeries 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．B 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们设计的一款新的机器人，这款机器人可以在外科手术中大显身手。 8．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段““Because of the robot’s small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas,” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said. These include disaster(灾害)response , check on high-value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment. (主要作者Kaushik Jayaram表示：“由于机器人体积小，且能够改变形状，我们预计这项技术将在四个重要领域得到应用。”这些领域包括灾难响应、检查高价值物品、环境监测和医疗治疗。)”可知，第三段主要讨论了这种机器人可能的应用领域，包括灾难响应、检查高价值物品、环境监测和医疗治疗。故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Scientists have designed this small, “insect-bot” called mCLARI that can control and even change its body shape as it travels in different environments to fit through gaps. (科学家们设计了一种名为“mCLARI”小型昆虫机器人，它可以控制甚至改变自己的体型，在不同的环境中穿行，以适应缝隙。)”以及文章第三段““Because of the robot’s small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas,” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said. These include disaster (灾害) response , check on high-value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment. (主要作者Kaushik Jayaram表示：“由于机器人体积小，且能够改变形状，我们预计这项技术将在四个重要领域得到应用。”这些领域包括灾难响应、检查高价值物品、环境监测和医疗治疗。)”可知，这款机器人是由科学家设计的，能够控制和改变形状以适应不同环境，预计在医疗等领域有广泛应用，这表明它是先进且有效的技术。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As follow-up work, the scientists want to give mCLARI more power and sensing ability while helping the surgeries. “We are also excited about understanding the effect of shape change on improving functions of robots,” Jayaram said. “And this is sure a great one-step forward of the technology. The robot will have entered the market by 2025 and will bring greater benefits to mankind, especially in medical treatment.” (作为后续工作，科学家们希望在帮助手术的同时赋予mCLARI更多的能量和感知能力。Jayaram说：“我们也很高兴能够理解形状变化对提高机器人功能的影响。这无疑是这项技术向前迈出的一大步。到2025年，机器人将进入市场，并将为人类带来更大的利益，特别是在医疗方面。”)”可知，Jayaram对于这款机器人的前景抱有积极的态度。故选B。 11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Have you ever imagined an insect-inspired robot, which weighs less than a gram, could one day help out in surgery (外科手术)? (你是否曾想象过，一个受昆虫启发、重量不到一克的机器人，有朝一日能在外科手术中大显身手？)”以及全文内容可知，主要介绍了科学家设计的一种小型、可变形的机器人mCLARI，并指出它未来可能在手术等领域的应用。因此选项D“A Tiny Shape-changing Robot Will Help Perform Surgeries (一个微型变形机器人将帮助进行手术)”最能概括文章内容。故选D。 （十二） 【2023-2024学年宁夏石嘴山市第三中学高一下学期期末】A shadowy figure sits alone in a room, his face dimly lit by a computer screen. With a grin, he types in a series of computer commands, and in the blink of an eye, someone’s bank account is drained to zero. In today’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thousands of times per day. Hackers can steal money, information, or completely take control of a machine from anywhere in the world. However, not all hackers are villains. Some hackers, called white hat or ethical hackers, are individuals who make the most of their hacking skills to identify security vulnerabilities (漏洞) in hardware, software and networks. Their job is crucial in preventing cyberattacks and safeguarding sensitive information. The term “white hat” originated from old cowboy movies, where heroes wore white hats and villains wore black ones. Like the heroes in cowboy movies, white hats seek to stop the bad guys and save the day. White hat hackers only seek vulnerabilities legally, often working on open-source software or with authorized access to systems. Once these weak spots are identified, companies or individuals can take steps to prevent serious breaches and losses. White hat hackers use a variety of different techniques to keep the internet safe. Penetration testing, for example, allows them to mimic cyberattacks and uncover system weaknesses. Security scanning tools allow white hats to identify holes in a network’s security systems. Simulating denial-of-service attacks (DoS attacks) helps companies prepare for attacks against their websites. Many of the world’s top white hat hackers began their journeys on the wrong side of the law. A prime example is Kevin Mitnick. This notorious hacker once held the title of “most wanted hacker” in the U. S. due to his cybercriminal activities in 1995. However, after being arrested and spending five years in jail, his life took a remarkable turn. Mitnick decided to use his hacking skills for ethical purposes, eventually establishing his own cybersecurity consulting company. If you aspire to be a white hat hacker, start by building a strong foundation in computer and network fundamentals. Good luck, computer cowboy! 12．What does the underlined word “villains” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．evil-doers. B．heroes. C．attackers. D．victims. 13．What can we learn about white hat hackers? A．They wear white hats in cowboy movies. B．They do everything to safeguard people’s information. C．They legally use their professional skills to help people. D．They find vulnerabilities for personal gain without doing harm. 14．People skilled in computer and network can’t be top white hat hackers unless ______. A．they obey the law B．they identify security weak points C．they take measures to stop serious losses D．they build their own cybersecurity consulting companies 15．What is the purpose of the text? A．To teach us how to stay secure online. B．To tell us how to be top white hackers. C．To warn us of the dangers of cyberattacks. D．To introduce defenders of the digital world. 【答案】12．A 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在数字时代充分利用黑客技能来捍卫数字世界安全的“白帽黑客”。 12．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“In today’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thousands of times per day. Hackers can steal money, information, or completely take control of a machine from anywhere in the world. (在当今的数字时代，这样的网络攻击每天都会发生数千次。黑客可以从世界任何地方窃取金钱、信息，或者完全控制一台机器。)”可知，在当今数字时代，很多黑客从世界的任何期房窃取金钱、信息或者是控制一台机器，由此可知，黑客作者一些不好的事情，结合however可知，划线单词所在的句子表示的内容与上文为转折关系，所以此处表示的是不是所有的黑客都是做不好的事情的人，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“做不好事情的人”的意义相近，A项“evil-doers”（作恶者）与其意思相近。故选A项。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“White hat hackers only seek vulnerabilities legally, often working on open-source software or with authorized access to systems. Once these weak spots are identified, companies or individuals can take steps to prevent serious breaches and losses. (白帽黑客只通过合法途径寻找漏洞，他们通常利用开源软件或获得系统访问权限。一旦发现了这些弱点，公司或个人就可以采取措施防止严重的违规和损失。)”可知，白帽黑客一般都是采用合法的途径进入系统，去发现系统的弱点，以便采取措施防止严重的违规和损失，由此可知，白帽黑客是合法地使用他们的专业技能来帮助人们。故选C项。 14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Many of the world’s top white hat hackers began their journeys on the wrong side of the law.(世界上许多顶级的白帽黑客都是从违法开始他们的旅程的。)”可知，很多顶级的白帽黑客都是从违法开始自己的旅程，由此可知，精通计算机和网络的人不可能成为顶级白帽黑客的前提是要遵守法律，否则就会成为违法者。故选A项。 15．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In today’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thousands of times per day. Hackers can steal money, information, or completely take control of a machine from anywhere in the world. (在当今的数字时代，这样的网络攻击每天都会发生数千次。黑客可以从世界任何地方窃取金钱、信息，或者完全控制一台机器。)”可知，在当今数字时代，黑客经常攻击网络，做一些危害世界人们的事情，结合下文中的“”However, not all hackers are villains.(然而，并非所有黑客都是坏人。)以及下文介绍的白帽黑客的特点以及在保护数字世界安全方面的作用可知，本文的目的是介绍数字世界安全的捍卫者——白帽黑客。故选D项。 （十三） 【2023-2024学年宁夏青铜峡市宁朔中学高一下学期期末】Messages in honor of Stan Lee are pouring in on social media and other online sites. Lee is the creator of famous comic book (连环漫画) characters, including Spider-Man, the Hulk, Black Panther and others. He died in Los Angeles, California, Monday. He was 95 years old. Marvel Entertainment and its parent company, Walt Disney, posted a video about the late writer, editor and publisher on their websites. Disney chairman and chief Bob Iger said Lee is "a super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world." He compared Lee to his comic book characters with "the power to inspire, to entertain, and to connect." Lee was born Stanley Martin Leiber in New York City. He began writing for comic books at 19. He wrote under the name Stan Lee. He explained that he used a false name because he wanted to write a serious and great piece of literature someday. He did not want his link with comic books to be known when that happened. But it never did happen. As the pride in his work grew, he decided to legally change his name to Stan Lee. Lee's comic book heroes stand apart from its competitor DC, the company that produced the seemingly perfect heroes like Superman and Wonder Woman. Lee's character often had super power, but they also had weaknesses and moral (道德的) failings. In a piece for Marvel in 1969, Lee discussed the importance of creating these balanced characters. Nobody is all good, or all bad, he wrote, like Tony Stark, also known as Iron Man. He is a deeply gifted inventor with serious mental health issues; or, Peter Parker, a sensitive, brainy high-school student who has no idea how to deal with the frightening abilities he gets from the bite of a radioactive spider. Even Steve Rogers, whose Captain America was the most Superman-like of the Marvel group, had problems. Rejected as a candidate for the armed forces, he volunteers to take a "supersoldier" substance to make him a super-fighting machine. Actor Chris Evans has played that character in several Hollywood films. He posted a tribute (悼念) to Captain America's creator on Twitter Monday."There will never be another Stan Lee," he wrote. Actor, writer and funny man Seth Rogen never played one of Lee's characters but he remembered him with thanks in a Tweet."Thank you Stan Lee for making people who feel different realize they are special," he wrote. 12．Stan Lee created many famous comic character, except ________. A．Iron Man B．Superman C．Captain America D．Spider Man 13．Stan lee wrote comic books under a false name because ________. A．he wanted to be famous for the false name B．he didn't want to be known as a comic book writer C．he wanted his name to be linked with his comic books D．he didn't want to be known as a serious literature writer 14．Which of the following best describes the heroes in Lee's comics? A．They are good at making people feel special. B．They are moral figures without weak points. C．They are more balanced characters than DC heroes. D．They are seemingly perfect heroes with super powers. 15．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To remember a great cartoonist. B．To introduce marvel comic heroes. C．To encourage studies on comics. D．To promote products of marvel. 【答案】12．B 13．B 14．C 15．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本篇文章主要介绍了漫威英雄创作者斯坦李及其作品，来怀念这位真正的卡通艺术大师。 12．细节理解题。根据文中第一自然段中“Lee is the creator of famous comic book (连环漫画) characters, including Spider-Man, the Hulk, Black Panther and others.(李是著名漫画人物的创造者，包括蜘蛛侠、绿巨人、黑豹等)”和第三自然段中“Nobody is all good, or all bad, he wrote, like Tony Stark, also known as Iron Man. … or, Peter Parker, … Even Steve Rogers, whose Captain America was the most Superman-like of the Marvel group, had problems. (他写道，没有人是十全十美的，也没有人是万恶不赦的，比如被称为钢铁侠的托尼·斯塔克……或者是彼得·帕克……甚至是史蒂夫·罗杰斯，他的美国队长是漫威集团中最像超人的人，也有问题)”可知，Stan Lee创作了钢铁侠、美国队长和蜘蛛侠这些著名的动漫人物，他并没有创作超人。故选B项。 13．细节理解题。根据文中“He explained that he used a false name because he wanted to write a serious and great piece of literature someday. He did not want his link with comic books to be known when that happened.(他解释说，他用假名是因为他想有一天写一部严肃而伟大的文学作品。他不希望自己与漫画书的联系在这种情况下被人知道) ”可知，他用一个假的名字因为他不想让人们知道他是一个连环漫画家。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据文中“Lee's character often had super power, but they also had weaknesses and moral (道德的) failings…Lee discussed the importance of creating these balanced characters.(李书中的角色通常拥有超能力，但他们也有弱点和道德缺陷。……李讨论了创造这些平衡角色的重要性)”可知，在他的漫画书里人物角色往往是更加平衡的，既有超能力又有一些弱点.故选C项。 15．推理判断题。通读文章可知，本篇文章主要介绍了漫威英雄创作者斯坦李及其作品，来怀念这位真正的卡通艺术大师。故选A项。 （十四） 【2022-2023学年宁夏回族自治区银川一中高一下学期期末】On September 26, 2022, NASA successfully completed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission by intentionally crashing an unmanned spacecraft into the asteroid (小行星) Dimorphos. The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit. With the successful mission, NASA proved the concept that this technique could keep a potentially dangerous asteroid from crashing into Earth in the future. Dimorphos is a small asteroid orbiting the larger asteroid Didymos. NASA noted that Dimorphos is not a threat to Earth, but because it passes relatively close to Earth, it was chosen as the target for the test mission. Although the intended crash should change the asteroid’s position slightly, it will add to a major shift over time. “If you were going to do this for planetary (行星的) defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work,” said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. “This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.” Asteroids can pose a significant threat to planet Earth. For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was so catastrophic (灾难性的) that it caused one of the largest extinction events in Earth’s history. Therefore, DART’s success is an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer powerless to prevent this type of natural disaster. The DART spacecraft was launched by NASA on November 24, 2021. It was accompanied by another craft called LICIA Cube, supplied by the Italian Space Agency, and separated from DART just 15 days before the crash. LICIA Cube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected (弹出) from the asteroid’s surface. 12．What is the purpose of the DART mission? A．To destroy Dimorphos completely. B．To change the orbit of Dimorphos. C．To track potentially dangerous asteroids. D．To stop Dimorphos from hitting the Earth. 13．Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 4? A．To prove the significance of DART’s success. B．To present the cause of the largest extinction event in history. C．To show the necessity of conducting research on natural disasters. D．To explain the difficulty of protecting the Earth from asteroid strikes. 14．What is LICIA Cube intended for? A．Collecting rock samples from Dimorphos’s surface. B．Increasing the force of crashing the DART. C．Providing additional energy for the DART spacecraft. D．Keeping track of the crash test with some photos. 15．Which of the following can describe the test according to Andrea Riley? A．Bark up the wrong tree. B．Rob Peter to pay Paul. C．Prepare for a rainy day. D．Better late than never. 【答案】12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述美国国家航天局完成了让太空飞船撞击小行星的测试，成功使小行星偏转，这是世界上首次进行行星防御试验。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit. (目标不是摧毁这颗小行星，而是改变它的轨道)”可知，DART任务的目标是改变小行星Dimorphos的轨道。故选B。 13．推理判断题。根据第四段中“For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was so catastrophic (灾难性的) that it caused one of the largest extinction events in Earth’s history. (例如，大约6600万年前，一颗直径约6到9英里的小行星在现在的尤卡坦半岛撞击了地球。由此产生的撞击是灾难性的，造成了地球历史上最大的灭绝事件之一)”举例说明小行星撞击地球造成的灾难性的后果，结合本段最后两句“Therefore, DART’s success is an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer powerless to prevent this type of natural disaster. (因此，DART的成功是保护地球免受小行星潜在破坏的重要一步。这表明人类不再无力阻止这类自然灾害)”可知，本段提及小行星撞击地球造成灾难性后果的事例，是为了表明DART成功的重要意义，这表明人类不再无力阻止这类自然灾害，故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“LICIACube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected(弹出) from the asteroid’s surface. (LICIACube留在小行星周围的轨道上，拍摄了撞击和小行星表面喷出物质的照片)”可知，LICIACube飞船的目的是用照片记录撞击试验。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘If you were going to do this for planetary defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work,’ said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. ‘This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.’ (‘如果你要为行星防御做这件事，你会提前5年、10年、15年或20年，让这项技术发挥作用。’美国宇航局项目主管Andrea Riley说。‘这就是我们进行测试的原因。我们希望现在就行动，而不是等到真正有需要的时候。’)”可知，Andrea Riley认为这项测试是提前为行星防御作准备，是未雨绸缪的行为。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解之说明文 （一） 【2022-2023学年宁夏回族自治区银川一中高一下学期期末】By drawing patterns on the surface of a cup of tea, chabaixi (茶百戏), an ancient Chinese tea trick displayed in a recent TV drama, has gone viral for its apparent similarity with modern coffee art. However, ten years ago, this distinctive technique was close to disappearing. Zhang Zhifeng, a practician of chabaixi, found scenes of chabaixi in the drama aroused great interest among ordinary people. Chabaixi can create endless patterns such as bamboos and mountains or even calligraphy. There are over a dozen steps, from grinding (碾碎) tea for fine powder, to pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture for thick froth (泡沫), and finally drawing the patterns. It is different from making coffee because people use clear water as the object to put into the cup instead of milk. But when the water touches the surface of whipped (搅打起泡的) tea, it turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes. The process before the drawing is known as the tea—making technique, diancha. The quality of diancha is crucial to whether patterns can be successfully produced later. “Chabaixi is one of the countless forms of tea-making techniques in China. The importance of chabaixi is not only that this technique is unique in the world, but also it gives us a window into people’s lifestyle in the Song Dynasty, a period of time when leisure activities in some ways are similar to what we have now,” Zhang said. Before chabaixi was discovered by TV audiences, the technique was listed as part of China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2017, after it was recovered by Zhang Zhifeng. He started researching the origins of chabaixi in the 1980s and brought the technique back in 2009 after decades of trials and practice. “To let this technique fade would be a shame. It must be passed on to the next generations so they can understand its history,” Zhang said. 8．What do the underlined words “gone viral” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Maintained highly competitive. B．Received good protection. C．Started declining gradually. D．Became popular quickly. 9．What do we know about chabaixi? A．It develops based on coffee art. B．It involves complicated tea-making skills. C．It mainly describes beautiful scenery. D．It is painted with whipped milk. 10．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The origin of chabaixi. B．The uniqueness of chabaixi. C．The significance of chabaixi. D．The development of chabaixi. 11．What can be the best title for this passage? A．Zhang Zhifeng—A Practician of Chabaixi B．Ancient Tea Technique Finds New Popular Recognition C．A China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage D．Chabaixi—A Famous Tea-making Technique （二） 【2023-2024学年宁夏回族自治区银川一中高一下学期期末】By the year 2050, a fifth of the world’s cities will experience unprecedented climate conditions and environments that currently don’t exist in any major cities, according to new research. A team of scientists at the Crowther Lab in Switzerland produced the report, which described the climate for 520 major cities 30 years in the future. The results showed that 77 percent of the world’s cities will experience a surprising change in climate conditions by 2050, and 22 percent of the 520 cities will see conditions that are not currently experienced by any existing major cities. In China in 2050, the climate of Xi’an, in Shanxi province, will be similar to that of current day Maseru, the capital city of Lesotho in southern Africa, with the maximum temperature of the warmest month likely to increase by 4.59℃. Chongqing in southwest China will resemble the climate of Swaziland capital Mbabane, as the warmest temperature is predicted to rise by 5.1℃. Scientists predict summers in Europe will get warmer by an average of 3.5℃ and European winters will see temperature rises of 4.7℃. London’s climate will be more similar lo Barcelona, and Madrid’s to Marrakech. The Crowther Lab hopes the analysis will motivate decision-makers to take necessary steps to prevent or address some of the climate effects due to the threat of climate change. The report also found that cities in tropical regions will experience smaller changes in average temperature but will be controlled by shifts in rainfall regimes. This may lead to a noticeable increase in unexpected events, and severe droughts. “Across all scientific fields, the greatest challenge in climate science is no longer the precise measurement of climate change impacts, but inspiring people to picture is actual effects in order to motivate action,” said Tom Crowther, senior scientist und founder of the Crowther Lab. 28．According to the research, among the 520 cities by 2050, about ________ cities will experience the climate conditions that no major cities currently have experienced. A．400 B．114 C．260 D．104 29．How did the scientists prove their result? A．By listing figures. B．By making comparisons. C．By doing experiments. D．By explaining theory. 30．What is the Crowther Lab intended for? A．To compare the climate change of the major cities of the world. B．To inspire people to picture its actual effects in order to motivate action. C．To inspire decision-makers to take necessary steps to prevent some climate effects. D．To show most word’s cities will experience a striking change in climate conditions. 31．What is the best title of the passage? A．World Temperature B．Current Climate Change C．Big Titles in the World D．Future Climate Change in Most Big Cities （三） 【2023-2024学年宁夏青铜峡市宁朔中学高一下学期期末】Many Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at school. But American schools also have their rules. If the students break the rules, they will get punishment, too. On the first day of a new term, 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes. There are altogether 1, 200 students in the school. Usually there are 20 students breaking the school dress rule every day. So the headmaster Theresa Mayerik said it was the worst new term she had ever seen. At Morton High School, students’ favorite clothing such as baggy (宽大的) trousers, low-necked shirts and tank tops (坎肩) is not allowed in classrooms. Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear. But the headmaster doesn’t think so. “I’d be supportive if half the school were sent home, because 99% will get the message that our school is for education.” “Freedom” does not mean “free of restrictions (约束)”. That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China. 8．Many Chinese students think that ________. A．American students are very free at school B．American students are not so clever as them C．American students don’t love their school at all D．there is no freedom in American schools 9．128 students of Morton High School were sent home for ________. A．not finishing their homework B．being late for school C．not wearing the right clothes D．not listening to the teachers in class 10．What does the underlined word “supportive” mean in Chinese? A．高兴的 B．支持的 C．害怕的 D．反对的 11．What’s the writer’s attitude to the school dress rule? A．Agreeable. B．Disagreeable. C．Not sure. D．Unclear. （四） 【2023-2024学年宁夏石嘴山市第三中学高一下学期期末】Officials have unveiled the gold, silver and bronze medals that will be awarded at this summer’s Olympic games in Paris, and each one contains a unique souvenir: a fragment (碎片) of waste iron from the Eiffel Tower. “It’s the opportunity for the athletes to bring back a piece of Paris with them,” Thierry Reboul, creative director of Paris 2024, told reporters last week. “The absolute symbol of Paris and France is the Eiffel Tower.” The Eiffel Tower opened in 1889 and during the later repair work, some of the original iron was cut off and preserved over time. Now, some of those preserved metal fragments have found new homes. Each new Olympic me dal features a piece of Eiffel Tower iron — though the signature “Eiffel Tower brown” paint has been removed. These pieces have been shaped into hexagons (六边形), which is the “shape of France”. Besides, there are words “Paris 2024”, the Olympic rings and the Games logo, which looks like a flame or the face of a woman with a bob haircut. How did they think of such an idea? Joachim Roncin, head of design at the Paris Games organizing committee told the press, “We talked about the design many times and realized that there’s one symbol known across the world, which is the Eiffel Tower. We said to ourselves, ‘Hey, what if we approached the Eiffel Tower Operating Company to see if it’s possible to get a bit of the Eiffel Tower to integrate into the medal?’” When the Eiffel Tower Operating Company agreed to volunteer pieces of original iron, “the dream became reality,” adds Roncin. The medals, designed by the luxury Paris jewelry house Chaumet, make people think of the Eiffel Tower in several other ways. The pieces of iron are secured by what looks like special nails that hold the structure together, and the medals’ ribbons are decorated with patterns of the tower’s latticework structure. The iron fragments are set in recycled silver, gold and bronze disks. Over 5,000 medals are being made. 8．What does Thierry mean by saying “bring back a piece of Paris”? A．The athletes will buy souvenirs about Paris. B．The athletes will take many photos of Paris. C．Part of the athletes’ medal is from the symbol of Paris. D．The Eiffel Tower will be left in the athletes’ memory. 9．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4? A．The symbolic meaning of the hexagons. B．The shape and material of the Olympic medal. C．The processing technique of the Eiffel Tower iron pieces. D．The design of the Eiffel Tower iron fragment on the medal. 10．How did the designers get the idea of adding the waste iron? A．From a strange dream. B．By asking for the public. C．Through their discussion. D．By studying the Eiffel Tower. 11．What can we infer about the new Olympic medals? A．They are innovative. B．They are light. C．They have six sides. D．They are golden-colored. （五） 【2023-2024学年宁夏石嘴山市第一中学高一下学期期末】Have you ever imagined an insect-inspired robot, which weighs less than a gram, could one day help out in surgery (外科手术)? Scientists have designed this small, “insect-bot” called mCLARI that can control and even change its body shape as it travels in different environments to fit through gaps. It’s 2 centimeters long, weighs less than 0.97 grams and can travel at a speed of 6 centimeters per second.It’s the smaller, faster replacement to CLARI, which was designed by the same team. “Because of the robot’s small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas,” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said. These include disaster (灾害) response , check on high-value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment. “In the long term, we hope such robots will be used more widely in moving through human bodies and performing surgeries that can’t be easily done at present,” Jayaram said. With mCLARI, Jayaram’s team is moving closer to creating robots that can fit in different environments—just like the insects they’re inspired by. The mCLARI robot has four legs and can move in narrow spaces by changing between running forward and side-to-side and can use different speeds in human bodies. Its legs are joined to its body through joints (关节), which enables mCLARI to change its body shape based on the environment it is in. For example, its legs can be lengthened up to 50% in certain spaces. As follow-up work, the scientists want to give mCLARI more power and sensing ability while helping the surgeries. “We are also excited about understanding the effect of shape change on improving functions of robots,” Jayaram said. “And this is sure a great one-step forward of the technology. The robot will have entered the market by 2025 and will bring greater benefits to mankind, especially in medical treatment.” 8．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Possible application fields of the robot. B．Different types of the robot. C．Several important features of the robot. D．Working process of the robot. 9．Which of the following can best describe mCLARI? A．Valuable but uncontrollable. B．Modern but high-cost. C．Heavy and time-consuming. D．Advanced and effective. 10．What is Jayaram’s attitude towards the robot? A．Worried. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Jayaram: A Scientist Studying Robot Intelligence B．mCLARI Is Already Widely Available in the Market C．CLARI: A Robot Invented by Inspiration from the Insects D．A Tiny Shape-changing Robot Will Help Perform Surgeries （六） 【2023-2024学年宁夏石嘴山市平罗中学高一下学期期末】Elephant Transit Home In both Africa and Asia elephants are being threatened by changes in their natural habitats (栖息地). People are moving into the elephants’ habitats and endangering their survival. In the country of Sri Lanka, there is one place where elephants are not only protected but also respected. It is called the Elephant Transit Home (ETH). Set up in 1995, the ETH aims to protect and nurture baby elephants that are found injured or living without their mothers in the wild. Every year about 30 baby elephants in Sri Lanka need help. As many as possible are brought to the ETH. There they are given food, shelter, and medical care. Most importantly, they are given the chance to be with other elephants and become part of a herd (象群). A day at the ETH begins early in the morning when the baby elephants are given their first feeding of milk. During the day, each baby will drink an average of 13 gallons of milk. Older elephants are fed mostly coconut leaves and other native plants. Then the elephants are allowed to walk around, eating the grass and forming a herd. The cost of caring for the baby elephants is high. The ETH spends about $125,000 each year on powdered milk for the baby elephants. At the ETH, workers try to reduce human connection with the elephants. They also try to increase bonds (联系) between the elephants. It usually takes three years for a baby elephant to be set free into its natural habitat. The elephants are sent back to the wild together with other orphans with whom they have bonded. This program helps them return to the wild as members of a herd that will communicate with each other and take care of each other. The ETH is considered one of the best animal protection sites in the world. Not only are the elephants cared for, they are treated with respect. Most importantly, they go back to live in the wild, where they belong. 8．What does the underlined word “nurture” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Set free. B．Relate to. C．Focus on. D．Care for. 9．What do we know about the ETH? A．It changes elephants’ habitats for the better. B．It receives about $125,000 each year. C．It helps to keep baby elephants safe. D．It protects 30 elephants every year. 10．Why do the workers reduce human connection with the elephants? A．To study them better in a natural environment. B．To help them make it in the wild as a herd. C．To provide them with more living space. D．To train them to stay away from hunters. 11．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce an animal protection site. B．To show the ways of wildlife protection. C．To explain the threat baby elephants face. D．To persuade the readers to protect elephants. （七） 【2023-2024学年宁夏吴忠市同心县八中等校高一下学期期末】China’s Twenty- four Solar Terms is considered to be the country’s fifth great invention. It has been added to UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录). The Twenty-four Solar Terms was invented by ancient Chinese. At that time, most people were farmers. They had to learn about the movement of the sun in a year and do the farming accordingly. The Twenty-four Solar Terms shows the changes of climate, seasons and some biological phenomena (生物现象). For example, Rain Water is between February 18th and February 20th. When it comes, the temperature goes up, snow melts and there will be more and more rain. Start of Spring, Start of Summer, Start of Autumn and Start of Winter are openings of the four seasons. Awakening of Insects is between arch 5th and March 6th. During this period, many living things come out after a long winter of silence. The Twenty-four Solar Terms shows ancient Chinese people’s wisdom. Now it is added to UNESCO’s heritage list. This means that it is accepted and will be accepted by more and more people in the world. 12．Why did ancient Chinese invent the Twenty-four Solar Terms? A．Because they wanted to tell the differences of four seasons. B．Because they wanted to learn something about the sun. C．Because they wanted to help them do the farming. D．Because most of them were farmers. 13．What happens when Awakening of Insects comes? A．Summer begins. B．The temperature goes down. C．There will be more and more snow. D．The snake comes out after a long winter sleep. 14．How many solar terms are mentioned in the article? A．Two solar terms are mentioned. B．Four solar terms are mentioned. C．Five solar terms are mentioned. D．Six solar terms are mentioned. 15．According to the passage, which of the following is Not True? A．The Twenty-four Solar Terms shows that ancient Chinese people were wise. B．The Twenty-four Solar Terms is one of the four great inventions. C．The Twenty-four Solar Terms is added to UNESCO’s heritage list. D．The Twenty-four Solar Terms is accepted in the world. （八） 【2023-2024学年宁夏吴忠市同心县四校联考高一下学期期末】Cheng Cheung Hung, a Chinese sprinter(短跑运动员), says Asia’s fastest man Su Bingtian is his hero, who was the first Chinese to run 100 meters in 10 seconds in 2015. “Su Bingtian created a new Asian record. His super performance definitely earned him the title of ‘Su-per’. I had the pleasure of shaking his hand, which was a great inspiration,” said Cheng after his competition in China’s first Youth Games on Monday. Four weeks ago, Su delivered a speech, which attracted many young athletes like Cheng Cheung Hung. Cheng not only shook hands with his hero, but also was inspired by Su’s speech. “It was truly an enlightening experience for me,” recalled Cheng. “Su encouraged us to try and challenge ourselves to break the limit. Combining(结合)talent and hard work together, we can step on the world stage.” Majored in physical therapy(理疗), Cheng has well balanced his school studies and training at university. “The main thing is to do a good job of time management for studying and training,” he said. “In the classroom and on the sports field, it’s all about learning.” Through studying physical therapy at university, Cheng got a deeper understanding of human body structure and conducted scientific analysis of sprinting. He said he could be aware of the change in his physical state now and immediately correct his training time based on his knowledge and research. “It would be a great honor to be involved in sports in the future, and to pass on the experience I have learned now to the next generation. I hope to help the development of sports,” Cheng said. 4．What does Cheng Cheung Hung think of Su? A．Admirable. B．Brave. C．Honest. D．Strict. 5．What did Su suggest young athletes do in his speech? A．Go abroad for skills. B．Share experience with each other. C．Spare enough time for rest. D．Challenge themselves. 6．What can we know about Cheng Cheung Hung? A．He is poor at study. B．He came first in the 100-meter race in 2015. C．He earned the title of “Su-per” in his performance. D．He has achieved a balance between study and training. 7．What does Cheng Cheung Hung say about his study in college? A．It cost him much money. B．It led him to be a scientist. C．It helped him with sports training. D．It wasted too much time. （九） 【2023-2024学年宁夏吴忠市同心县四校联考高一下学期期末】When 62-year-old fisherman Kpana Charlie has finished placing the day’s catch in his nets, he likes to sit on his wooden chair and let his mind go back to his childhood. Back then, his home on Sierra Leone’s Nyangai Island seemed like a paradise (天堂). He spent endless hours playing with his friends on the island’s shining white beaches. He liked to kick around a soccer ball on the sports field in his village, and in mango season, he would shake the trees to collect their colorful fruit. Whenever he wanted to avoid doing his homework, he could simply disappear into the thick forest that covered much of the island. Today, Nyangai is disappearing, swallowed up by the sea. As recently as ten years ago, it still measured some 2, 300 feet from end to end. What’s left today is a patch of (一片) sand which is 300 feet long and 250 wide. The forests are gone, flooded by saltwater. The soccer field lies under water for 22 hours of the day. And the land on which Charlie’s family home once stood, the home he was born in, has been disappearing under the waves. In as little as two years, Charlie fears, Nyangai may no longer exist at all. With nearly a third of its population living in coastal areas, and its heavy reliance on agriculture and fishing, Sierra Leone has been treated as one of the world’s most vulnerable countries to the effects of climate (气候) change. Gabriel Jaka, head of operations for the country’s Meteorological Agency, says the reason for Nyangai’s troubles is clear. “We’re seeing a significant sea-level rise and these people don’t have any proper defenses,” he says. “All they have are sandbags. If we don’t act now, the effects on people are just going to get worse.” 12．What do the figures in paragraph 3 show? A．Nyangai is large in area. B．Nyangai has a long history. C．Nyangai is being destroyed by humans. D．Nyangai is suffering a lot from a sea-level rise. 13．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Far-reaching. B．Protected. C．Easy to be attacked. D．Difficult to keep in touch with. 14．How does Gabriel Jaka feel about people’s future life in Nyangai? A．Worried. B．Calm. C．Unconcerned. D．Hopeful. 15．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To introduce a poor fisherman. B．To call for actions to fight climate change. C．To present a fisherman’s old hometown. D．To show the destruction of the forest. （十） 【2023-2024学年宁夏石嘴山市平罗中学高一下学期期末】Elephant Transit Home In both Africa and Asia elephants are being threatened by changes in their natural habitats (栖息地). People are moving into the elephants’ habitats and endangering their survival. In the country of Sri Lanka, there is one place where elephants are not only protected but also respected. It is called the Elephant Transit Home (ETH). Set up in 1995, the ETH aims to protect and nurture baby elephants that are found injured or living without their mothers in the wild. Every year about 30 baby elephants in Sri Lanka need help. As many as possible are brought to the ETH. There they are given food, shelter, and medical care. Most importantly, they are given the chance to be with other elephants and become part of a herd (象群). A day at the ETH begins early in the morning when the baby elephants are given their first feeding of milk. During the day, each baby will drink an average of 13 gallons of milk. Older elephants are fed mostly coconut leaves and other native plants. Then the elephants are allowed to walk around, eating the grass and forming a herd. The cost of caring for the baby elephants is high. The ETH spends about $125,000 each year on powdered milk for the baby elephants. At the ETH, workers try to reduce human connection with the elephants. They also try to increase bonds (联系) between the elephants. It usually takes three years for a baby elephant to be set free into its natural habitat. The elephants are sent back to the wild together with other orphans with whom they have bonded. This program helps them return to the wild as members of a herd that will communicate with each other and take care of each other. The ETH is considered one of the best animal protection sites in the world. Not only are the elephants cared for, they are treated with respect. Most importantly, they go back to live in the wild, where they belong. 8．What does the underlined word “nurture” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Set free. B．Relate to. C．Focus on. D．Care for. 9．What do we know about the ETH? A．It changes elephants’ habitats for the better. B．It receives about $125,000 each year. C．It helps to keep baby elephants safe. D．It protects 30 elephants every year. 10．Why do the workers reduce human connection with the elephants? A．To study them better in a natural environment. B．To help them make it in the wild as a herd. C．To provide them with more living space. D．To train them to stay away from hunters. 11．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce an animal protection site. B．To show the ways of wildlife protection. C．To explain the threat baby elephants face. D．To persuade the readers to protect elephants. （十一） 【2023-2024学年宁夏石嘴山市第一中学高一下学期期末】Have you ever imagined an insect-inspired robot, which weighs less than a gram, could one day help out in surgery (外科手术)? Scientists have designed this small, “insect-bot” called mCLARI that can control and even change its body shape as it travels in different environments to fit through gaps. It’s 2 centimeters long, weighs less than 0.97 grams and can travel at a speed of 6 centimeters per second.It’s the smaller, faster replacement to CLARI, which was designed by the same team. “Because of the robot’s small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas,” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said. These include disaster (灾害) response , check on high-value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment. “In the long term, we hope such robots will be used more widely in moving through human bodies and performing surgeries that can’t be easily done at present,” Jayaram said. With mCLARI, Jayaram’s team is moving closer to creating robots that can fit in different environments—just like the insects they’re inspired by. The mCLARI robot has four legs and can move in narrow spaces by changing between running forward and side-to-side and can use different speeds in human bodies. Its legs are joined to its body through joints (关节), which enables mCLARI to change its body shape based on the environment it is in. For example, its legs can be lengthened up to 50% in certain spaces. As follow-up work, the scientists want to give mCLARI more power and sensing ability while helping the surgeries. “We are also excited about understanding the effect of shape change on improving functions of robots,” Jayaram said. “And this is sure a great one-step forward of the technology. The robot will have entered the market by 2025 and will bring greater benefits to mankind, especially in medical treatment.” 8．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Possible application fields of the robot. B．Different types of the robot. C．Several important features of the robot. D．Working process of the robot. 9．Which of the following can best describe mCLARI? A．Valuable but uncontrollable. B．Modern but high-cost. C．Heavy and time-consuming. D．Advanced and effective. 10．What is Jayaram’s attitude towards the robot? A．Worried. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Jayaram: A Scientist Studying Robot Intelligence B．mCLARI Is Already Widely Available in the Market C．CLARI: A Robot Invented by Inspiration from the Insects D．A Tiny Shape-changing Robot Will Help Perform Surgeries （十二） 【2023-2024学年宁夏石嘴山市第三中学高一下学期期末】A shadowy figure sits alone in a room, his face dimly lit by a computer screen. With a grin, he types in a series of computer commands, and in the blink of an eye, someone’s bank account is drained to zero. In today’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thousands of times per day. Hackers can steal money, information, or completely take control of a machine from anywhere in the world. However, not all hackers are villains. Some hackers, called white hat or ethical hackers, are individuals who make the most of their hacking skills to identify security vulnerabilities (漏洞) in hardware, software and networks. Their job is crucial in preventing cyberattacks and safeguarding sensitive information. The term “white hat” originated from old cowboy movies, where heroes wore white hats and villains wore black ones. Like the heroes in cowboy movies, white hats seek to stop the bad guys and save the day. White hat hackers only seek vulnerabilities legally, often working on open-source software or with authorized access to systems. Once these weak spots are identified, companies or individuals can take steps to prevent serious breaches and losses. White hat hackers use a variety of different techniques to keep the internet safe. Penetration testing, for example, allows them to mimic cyberattacks and uncover system weaknesses. Security scanning tools allow white hats to identify holes in a network’s security systems. Simulating denial-of-service attacks (DoS attacks) helps companies prepare for attacks against their websites. Many of the world’s top white hat hackers began their journeys on the wrong side of the law. A prime example is Kevin Mitnick. This notorious hacker once held the title of “most wanted hacker” in the U. S. due to his cybercriminal activities in 1995. However, after being arrested and spending five years in jail, his life took a remarkable turn. Mitnick decided to use his hacking skills for ethical purposes, eventually establishing his own cybersecurity consulting company. If you aspire to be a white hat hacker, start by building a strong foundation in computer and network fundamentals. Good luck, computer cowboy! 12．What does the underlined word “villains” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．evil-doers. B．heroes. C．attackers. D．victims. 13．What can we learn about white hat hackers? A．They wear white hats in cowboy movies. B．They do everything to safeguard people’s information. C．They legally use their professional skills to help people. D．They find vulnerabilities for personal gain without doing harm. 14．People skilled in computer and network can’t be top white hat hackers unless ______. A．they obey the law B．they identify security weak points C．they take measures to stop serious losses D．they build their own cybersecurity consulting companies 15．What is the purpose of the text? A．To teach us how to stay secure online. B．To tell us how to be top white hackers. C．To warn us of the dangers of cyberattacks. D．To introduce defenders of the digital world. （十三） 【2023-2024学年宁夏青铜峡市宁朔中学高一下学期期末】Messages in honor of Stan Lee are pouring in on social media and other online sites. Lee is the creator of famous comic book (连环漫画) characters, including Spider-Man, the Hulk, Black Panther and others. He died in Los Angeles, California, Monday. He was 95 years old. Marvel Entertainment and its parent company, Walt Disney, posted a video about the late writer, editor and publisher on their websites. Disney chairman and chief Bob Iger said Lee is "a super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world." He compared Lee to his comic book characters with "the power to inspire, to entertain, and to connect." Lee was born Stanley Martin Leiber in New York City. He began writing for comic books at 19. He wrote under the name Stan Lee. He explained that he used a false name because he wanted to write a serious and great piece of literature someday. He did not want his link with comic books to be known when that happened. But it never did happen. As the pride in his work grew, he decided to legally change his name to Stan Lee. Lee's comic book heroes stand apart from its competitor DC, the company that produced the seemingly perfect heroes like Superman and Wonder Woman. Lee's character often had super power, but they also had weaknesses and moral (道德的) failings. In a piece for Marvel in 1969, Lee discussed the importance of creating these balanced characters. Nobody is all good, or all bad, he wrote, like Tony Stark, also known as Iron Man. He is a deeply gifted inventor with serious mental health issues; or, Peter Parker, a sensitive, brainy high-school student who has no idea how to deal with the frightening abilities he gets from the bite of a radioactive spider. Even Steve Rogers, whose Captain America was the most Superman-like of the Marvel group, had problems. Rejected as a candidate for the armed forces, he volunteers to take a "supersoldier" substance to make him a super-fighting machine. Actor Chris Evans has played that character in several Hollywood films. He posted a tribute (悼念) to Captain America's creator on Twitter Monday."There will never be another Stan Lee," he wrote. Actor, writer and funny man Seth Rogen never played one of Lee's characters but he remembered him with thanks in a Tweet."Thank you Stan Lee for making people who feel different realize they are special," he wrote. 12．Stan Lee created many famous comic character, except ________. A．Iron Man B．Superman C．Captain America D．Spider Man 13．Stan lee wrote comic books under a false name because ________. A．he wanted to be famous for the false name B．he didn't want to be known as a comic book writer C．he wanted his name to be linked with his comic books D．he didn't want to be known as a serious literature writer 14．Which of the following best describes the heroes in Lee's comics? A．They are good at making people feel special. B．They are moral figures without weak points. C．They are more balanced characters than DC heroes. D．They are seemingly perfect heroes with super powers. 15．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To remember a great cartoonist. B．To introduce marvel comic heroes. C．To encourage studies on comics. D．To promote products of marvel. （十四） 【2022-2023学年宁夏回族自治区银川一中高一下学期期末】On September 26, 2022, NASA successfully completed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission by intentionally crashing an unmanned spacecraft into the asteroid (小行星) Dimorphos. The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit. With the successful mission, NASA proved the concept that this technique could keep a potentially dangerous asteroid from crashing into Earth in the future. Dimorphos is a small asteroid orbiting the larger asteroid Didymos. NASA noted that Dimorphos is not a threat to Earth, but because it passes relatively close to Earth, it was chosen as the target for the test mission. Although the intended crash should change the asteroid’s position slightly, it will add to a major shift over time. “If you were going to do this for planetary (行星的) defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work,” said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. “This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.” Asteroids can pose a significant threat to planet Earth. For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was so catastrophic (灾难性的) that it caused one of the largest extinction events in Earth’s history. Therefore, DART’s success is an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer powerless to prevent this type of natural disaster. The DART spacecraft was launched by NASA on November 24, 2021. It was accompanied by another craft called LICIA Cube, supplied by the Italian Space Agency, and separated from DART just 15 days before the crash. LICIA Cube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected (弹出) from the asteroid’s surface. 12．What is the purpose of the DART mission? A．To destroy Dimorphos completely. B．To change the orbit of Dimorphos. C．To track potentially dangerous asteroids. D．To stop Dimorphos from hitting the Earth. 13．Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 4? A．To prove the significance of DART’s success. B．To present the cause of the largest extinction event in history. C．To show the necessity of conducting research on natural disasters. D．To explain the difficulty of protecting the Earth from asteroid strikes. 14．What is LICIA Cube intended for? A．Collecting rock samples from Dimorphos’s surface. B．Increasing the force of crashing the DART. C．Providing additional energy for the DART spacecraft. D．Keeping track of the crash test with some photos. 15．Which of the following can describe the test according to Andrea Riley? A．Bark up the wrong tree. B．Rob Peter to pay Paul. C．Prepare for a rainy day. D．Better late than never. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$