内容正文:
Unit 5 Our neighbourhood
一、“There be”句型的用法
“There be”句型是英语中表示存在的一种常见句型,以下是其用法的详细归纳:
★.基本结构与含义
结构:“There + be动词(is/are/was/were等)+主语+地点状语/时间状语”。
含义:表达“在某地(某时)存在某人或某物”的意思。
★主谓一致原则(就近原则)
be动词的形式要根据紧跟其后的主语的单复数形式来决定。如果主语是单数名词或不可数名词,be动词用单数形式is或was;如果主语是复数名词,be动词用复数形式are或were。例如:There is a book on the table.(桌子上有一本书);There are two books and a pen in my bag.(我的包里有两本书和一支钢笔)。即使主
★.时态变化
一般现在时:There is/are + 主语 + 地点状语/时间状语,用于描述当前存在的状态。例如:There is a bird in the tree.(树上有一只鸟)。
一般过去时:There was/were + 主语 + 地点状语/时间状语,用于描述过去某一时间的存在情况。例如:There was a big tree in front of our house before.(以前我们房子前面有一棵大树)。
一般将来时:常用结构有“There will be...”或“There is/are going to be...”,用于预测或计划未来的情况。例如:There will be a party tomorrow night.(明晚将会有一个派对);There is going to be a football match next week.(下周将有一场足球比赛)。
★否定形式
在be动词后面加not即可构成否定形式,is not = isn’t,are not = aren’t。但要注意的是句中如果出现some则改成any。例如:There is not a knife in the kitchen.(厨房里没有刀);There are not any birds singing in the tree.(树上没有鸟在唱歌)。
★.一般疑问句
把Be动词放在there之前,并将句号变问号,some要改成any。例如:Is there an apple on the tree?(树上有一个苹果吗?);Are there five pens on the desk?(课桌上有五支钢笔吗?)。肯定回答为:Yes, there is/are.;否定回答为:No, there isn’t/aren’t。语后面还有其他名词,be动词的单复数形式仍然取决于最靠近它的那个主语。
基础训练:
1.—________ something wrong with my computer. Can I use yours?
—No problem.
A.It is B.It was C.There is D.There was
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——我的电脑出了些问题。我能使用你的吗?——没问题。
考查There be句型。分析句意可知,电脑存在一些问题,英语中的“存在”用there be句型表达。另外,there be句型使用时be动词与主语单复数一致,不定代词something作单数,应用there is。故选C。
2.— ________ a sports meeting next week because of the bad weather. —What a pity!
A.There won’t have B.There won’t be
C.There isn’t going to have D.There is going to be
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——由于天气不好,下周不会有运动会了。——太可惜了!
考查There be句型的一般将来时。根据句意和选项可知,该题是There be句型的一般将来时结构,可用there will be和there is/are going to be两种形式;根据“because of the bad weather”可知,题干需用否定形式,故选B。
3.There ________ any books on your desk.
A.aren’t B.isn’t C.don’t D.doesn’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意:你的桌子上没有书。
考查there be句型的否定句。根据“There…any books on your desk.”可知,此处为there be句型,遵循就近原则,不与do连用,变否定句时在be动词后加not,books为名词复数形式,be动词用are。故选A。
4.I hope there ________ rain tomorrow because we will go out for a picnic.
A.to be no B.will be not much C.will not be much D.will have
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我希望明天不会下太多雨,因为我们要去野餐。
考查there be句型。根据“there … rain tomorrow because we will go out for a picnic”可知,这是there be句型的一般将来时,并且表示希望没有雨水,因为想要去野餐,所以要用there be句型的一般将来时的否定形式,其结构为there will not be。故选C。
5.There ________ some water in the pond. Do you want to go fishing?
A.is B.are C.have D.has
【答案】A
【解析】句意:池塘里有一些水。你想去钓鱼吗?
考查there be句型及主谓一致。is是,be的第三人称单数现在时形式;are是,be的复数和第二人称单数现在时形式;have有,动词原形;has有,三单形式。分析句子结构并结合选项可知,此句为there be句型,主语“water”为不可数名词,be动词用is。故选A。
二、ask sb to do sth的用法
ask sb to do sth”意为“要求某人做某事”、“请求某人做某事”或“敦促某人做某事”。其中,“ask”是动词原形,表示请求、要求或命令;“sb”代表被要求或被请求的人,可以是名词、代词或名词短语;“to do sth”是不定式短语,作为宾语补足语,说明要求或请求的具体内容。
I ask him to help me with my homework.(我请求他帮我做作业。)
She asked me to be her partner in the game.(她请求我在比赛中做她的搭档。)
The teacher asked the students to write a passage about their weekend.(老师要求学生写一篇关于他们周末的作文。)
My mother always asks me to clean my room every Sunday.(我妈妈总是要求我每个星期天打扫我的房间。)
They asked us to arrive before 6 p.m. for the meeting.(他们要求我们在下午6点前到达参加会议。)
He asked me to lend him some money yesterday.(他昨天向我借了些钱。)——一般过去时
★类似结构:除了“ask sb to do sth”外,英语中还有一些类似的结构,如“tell sb to do sth”(告诉某人做某事)、“order sb to do sth”(命令某人做某事)、“want sb to do sth”(想要某人做某事)等。这些结构在用法上与“ask sb to do sth”相似,但语气和含义略有不同。例如:
He told me to wait for him at the gate.(他告诉我在大门口等他。)—— “tell”更侧重于传达信息或指示。
The boss ordered the workers to finish the work within a week.(老板命令工人在一周内完成工作。)—— “order”语气更强,带有命令的口吻。
I want you to come to my party tonight.(我想要你今晚来参加我的派对。)—— “want”则更侧重于表达个人的愿望或期望。
基础训练:
1.My mother always asks me to ________ more time reading books.
A.cost B.pay C.spend
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我妈妈总是让我花更多的时间看书。
考查动词辨析。cost花费(主语通常是物,指“某物花费多少钱”);pay付款;spend花费(主语是人)。spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”。故选C。
2.Parents ask their kids ________ their e-friends because it’s dangerous.
A.meet B.not to meet C.to meet D.not meeting
【答案】B
【解析】句意:父母要求他们的孩子不要见他们的网友,因为这很危险。
考查动词不定式。“ask sb. to do sth.”表示“要求某人做某事”,因此此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语,排除选项A和D;根据“because it’s dangerous”可知这件事很危险,因此此处表示不要去做,动词不定式的否定在“to do”前加“not”。故选B。
3.The teacher asks us ________ English loudly in the morning.
A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads
【答案】C
【解析】句意:老师要求我们早上大声朗读英语。
考查非谓语动词。根据“The teacher asks us”可知,考查ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”,因此填不定式。故选C。
三、"another" 另一个”或“再一个”的用法
"Another" 另一个”或“再一个”它的具体用法如下:
★表示另一个事物:
例如:I need another cup of coffee.(我需要另一杯咖啡。)
这里的 "another" 用来表示在已有的咖啡之外,还需要一杯新的咖啡。
★表示再一个或额外的数量:
例如:Can you give me another five minutes?(你能再给我五分钟吗?) - 在这个例子中,"another" 表示希望在原有的基础上增加五分钟的时间。
★ 与量词搭配使用:
例如:Another ten people have gathered for the concert.(又有十个人聚集来听音乐会。)
在这里,"another" 与数字 "ten" 和复数名词 "people" 一起使用,表示新增的数量。
基础训练:
1.It’s important to make friends because we can help ________ when we have problems.
A.each another B.one another C.one other
【答案】B
【解析】句意:交朋友很重要,因为当我们有问题的时候我们可以互相帮助。
考查代词辨析。each每一个;another另一个;one another彼此,互相;one other另外一个。根据“when we have problems”可知 ,有问题时要互相帮助,故选B。
2.We invite successful businessmen to give a talk ________ in our college.
A.from day to night B.from time to time
C.from one to another D.from past to now
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们学院不时邀请成功的商人来做报告。
考查副词短语。from day to night从早到晚;from time to time不时;from one to another从一个到另一个;from past to now从过去到现在。根据“We invite successful businessmen to give a talk … in our college”可知,不时地邀请成功的商人来做报告,故选B。
3.We always help each other at school. What does the underlined part mean?
A.others B.one other C.one another D.another
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们在学校总是互相帮助。下划线部分是什么意思?
考查代词辨析。others其他的人或事;one other另外一个;one another互相;another泛指三者及以上的另一个。划线部分each other意为“互相”,等同于one another。故选C。
4.The cake tastes ________. I’d like to have ________ one.
A.well; another B.good; other C.good; another D.well; other
【答案】C
【解析】句意:蛋糕尝起来味道很好。我想再吃一个。
考查形容词的用法及代词辨析。well好地(副词),健康的;good好的(形容词);another再一个;other其他的。根据“The cake tastes...”可知,此处表示蛋糕的味道很好,tastes是系动词,后接形容词good作表语;因为味道很好,所以想再吃一个,another one“再一个”符合语境。故选C。
四、"be full of"“充满”或“装满”的用法
"be full of"“充满”或“装满”。它通常用来描述某个地方、物体、活动等充满了某种事物、情感、品质等。以下是一些具体用法和示例:
★ 表示空间或位置的充满
当描述一个地方、容器或空间里装填了很多东西时,可以用 "be full of"。
例如:The room is full of furniture.(房间里摆满了家具。)
The box is full of books.(盒子里全是书。)
★表示情感的充满
当描述某人内心充满了某种情感时,也可以用 "be full of"。
例如:Her heart is full of love for her family.(她心中充满了对家人的爱。)
He is full of enthusiasm for the project.(他对这个项目充满了热情。)
★ 表示数量或数字的充足
虽然不常用,但在某些情况下,也可以表示数量上的充足。
例如:The schedule is full of meetings and appointments.(日程表上排满了会议和约会。)
★表示拥有某种品质
有时候 "be full of" 可以表示某人拥有某种正面的品质。
例如:She is full of kindness and always helps others.(她很善良,经常帮助别人。)
注意事项
"be full of" 后面通常跟名词或代词,但不可以直接跟动词原形。
主语 + be (am/is/are/was/were) + full of + 名词/代词
1. The classroom is full of students.
2. His speech was full of wisdom and insights.
3. The air is full of the fragrance of flowers.
4. Their lives are full of happiness and success.
基础训练:
1.Our school garden ________ flowers. It looks very beautiful.
A.is full of B.filled with C.covers D.covered by
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们的学校花园充满了花。它看起来非常漂亮。
考查短语辨析。is full of意为“充满”;filled with意为“被填满”;covers意为“覆盖”;covered by意为“被覆盖”。根据“Our school garden ...flowers.”可知此处指花园满是花,排除C和D,B选项通常用被动。故选A。
2.I want to have ________ garden ________ flowers.
A.my own; full of B.of my own; full of C.my own; fill with D.I own; filled with
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我想要有一个我自己的种满花的花园。
考查形容词和形容词短语。my own我自己的,作前置定语;of my own属于我自己的,作后置定语;I own我拥有,作主语和谓语;full of充满,是形容词短语;fill with充满,是动词原形;be full of=be filled with表示“充满”。第一空作前置定语,用my own,排除BD两项。第二空作后置定语,用形容词短语full of,故选A。
3.—Can I fill the box ________ my model cars?
—I’m afraid not. It’s full ________ my school things.
A.with; with B.of; of C.of; with D.with; of
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我能用我的汽车模型装满这个盒子吗?——恐怕不行。里面装满了我的学习用品。
考查介词辨析。with用……;of属于……的。第一空通过句意可知,是用模型汽车装满盒子,fill…with…用……装满……,属于固定搭配,此空为with;第二空通过句意可知,盒子是装满了学习用品,be full of…充满……,属于固定搭配,此空为of。故选D。
4.The bus ________ people. We have to wait for the next one.
A.is close to B.is full of C.is away from
【答案】B
【解析】句意:公交车上全是人。我们得等下一班。
考查形容词短语辨析。is close to接近;is full of充满;is away from远离。根据“We have to wait for the next one.”可知,公车上全是人,要用is full of。故选B。
5.The library ________ all kinds of books is near my home.
A.is full of B.full of C.full with D.is full with of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:有各种各样的书籍的那座图书馆在我家附近。
考查形容词短语。(be) full of“充满”,句子已有谓语动词is,因此用形容词短语“full of”作后置定语。故选B。
五、"in the middle of" 的用法:
★. 表示位置或方向
当描述某物或某人位于另一个物体或空间的中间时 - 例如:The book is in the middle of the table.(书在桌子的中间。)
There is a big park in the middle of the city.(城市中间有一个大公园。)
★ 表示时间
当提及某个时间段的正中时,也可以用 "in the middle of"。
例如:It happened in the middle of the night.(这件事发生在半夜。)
We started the project in the middle of last month.(我们上个月月中旬开始了这个项目。)
★ 表示过程或活动
当描述某个动作或事件正在进行时,可以用 "in the middle of" 来表示“在……过程中”。 例如:He left in the middle of the meeting.(他在会议中途离开了。)
She realized her mistake in the middle of the presentation.(她在演示过程中意识到了自己的错误。)
基础训练:
1.—There is a broken car ________ the road.
—We can go across from the right side.
A.in the middle of B.in the middle C.on the right of D.on the right
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——路中间有一辆破车。——我们可以从右边穿过去。
考查介词短语。in the middle of在……的中间;in the middle在中间;on the right of在……的右边;on the right在右边。根据“We can go across from the right side”可推断破车应该是在路的左边或者路的中间,拦住了去路。in the middle of中的of为介词,后面需要接宾语,设空处后面的the road可作为of的宾语,而in the middle是一个完整的介词短语,后面不需要再接名词,故选A。
2.There is a large round table in the centre of the room.
A.in the middle of B.in the front of C.at the back of D.on the left of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:房间中央有一张大圆桌。
考查介词短语。in the middle of在中间;in the front of在前面;at the back of在后面;on the left of在左边。题干中“in the centre of”指的是“在中央”,可以用in the middle of替换,故选A。
六、wide的比较级和最高级以及比较级和最高级的变法 :
wide adj. 宽阔的 变比较级 wider 更宽的。最高级 widest.
形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则主要有以下几种情况:
★ 单音节词和部分双音节词一般情况:在词尾加“er”构成比较级,加“est”构成最高级。例如:“tall”(高的)的比较级是“taller”,最高级是“tallest”;“small”(小的)的比较级是“smaller”,最高级是“smallest”
以不发音的“e”结尾:直接加“r”构成比较级,加“st”构成最高级。比如:“nice”(好的)的比较级是“nicer”,最高级是“nicest”;“large”(大的)的比较级是“larger”,最高级是“largest”
重读闭音节词,末尾只有一个辅音字母:先双写这个辅音字母,再加“er”构成比较级,加“est”构成最高级。例如:“big”(大的)的比较级是“bigger”,最高级是“biggest”;“thin”(瘦的)的比较级是“thinner”,最高级是“thinnest”
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词:把“y”改为“i”,再加“er”构成比较级,加“est”构成最高级。例如:“happy”(快乐的)的比较级是“happier”,最高级是“happiest”;“heavy”(重的)的比较级是“heavier”,最高级是“heaviest”
★其他双音节词和多音节词:在前面加“more”构成比较级,加“most”构成最高级。例如:“beautiful”(漂亮的)的比较级是“more beautiful”,最高级是“most beautiful”;“important”(重要的)的比较级是“more important”,最高级是“most important”
★ 特殊变化的形容词:
“good/well”的比较级是“better”,最高级是“best”。
“bad/ill”的比较级是“worse”,最高级是“worst”。
“many/much”的比较级是“more”,最高级是“most”。
“little”的比较级是“less”,最高级是“least”。
“far”的比较级可以是“farther”或“further”,最高级是“farthest”或“furthest”。
“old”的比较级可以是“older”或“elder”,最高级是“oldest”或“eldest”(“elder”和“eldest”主要表示长幼顺序,指排行)。
基础训练:
1.The river is very long and it is about ________.
A.20 meters wide B.15 meters long C.30 meters high
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这条河很长,大约有20米宽。
考查长度的表达。20 meters wide20米宽;15 meters long15米长;30 meters high30米高。根据题干中“long”这个解题关键,说明河流很长,因此需要选描述宽度的选项来补全句意,A选项是“20 meters wide”。故选A。
2.The roads in my hometown are ______ than before.
A.wide B.wider C.widest D.the widest
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我家乡的路比以前宽了。考查形容词比较级辨析题。than比,用于比较;wide宽的,以不发音的e结尾,比较级加-r,即wider。根据句意语境,可知选B。
七、“lead to”的用法:
“lead to”是一个动词短语,意为“导致;通向;引起”。它用于描述某种情况、行为或事件引发了另一种结果或后果。
★lead to + 名词/代词
例句:Hard work leads to success.(努力工作导致成功。)
★ lead to + 动词 -ing形式
例句:Eating too much junk food leads to having a bad diet.(吃太多垃圾食品会导致饮食不健康。)
★ 描述因果关系
例句:The heavy rain led to the flood.(大雨导致了洪水。)
★描述结果或后果
例句:His carelessness led to a serious mistake.(他的粗心大意导致了严重的错误。)
★1. “lead to”中的“to”是介词,后面不能跟动词原形。
2. “lead to”表示的是一种客观的因果关系,不是主观的意图或愿望。
3. 在使用“lead to”时,要注意上下文的逻辑关系,确保前后两个部分之间存在合理的因果关系。
基础训练:
1.The teacher ________ the students to the museum tomorrow.
A.will lead B.lead C.leads D.led
【答案】A
【解析】句意:老师明天将带领学生们去博物馆。
考查动词时态。根据“tomorrow”可知,句子描述的是将来发生的动作,所以要用一般将来时,一般将来时常见结构为will+动词原形。故选A。
八、take up的用法:
take up:有“占据(时间、空间等);开始从事;接受;继续(中断后)做”等含义。
★ 表示“占据(时间、空间等)”
This table takes up too much space in the room.(这张桌子在房间里占了太多空间。)
His hobby takes up a lot of his spare time.(他的爱好占据了他很多业余时间。)
★表示“开始从事(某种职业、活动等)”She wants to take up teaching as her career.(她想从事教学作为她的职业。)
He took up photography when he was ten years old.(他十岁的时候开始从事摄影。)
★表示“接受(建议、邀请等)
We should take up his suggestion.(我们应该接受他的建议。)
He took up the invitation to the party immediately.(他立刻接受了派对的邀请。)
★表示“继续(中断后)做(某事)”
Let's take up where we left off yesterday.(咱们从昨天停下的地方接着讲吧。)
They had to take up the work after the break.(休息之后他们不得不继续工作。)
基础训练:
1.I’m going to ________ a new hobby. I want to learn how to take photos.
A.take up B.take down C.turn up D.turn down
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我打算开始一项新的爱好。我想学如何摄影。
考查动词短语。take up开始从事,学习;take down拆卸;turn up开大;turn down 关小。根据空后的“a new hobby”可知是培养一种新的爱好,应用take up,故选A。
九、give away的用法:
★ 赠送;捐赠
He gave away his old clothes to the poor people.(他把他旧衣服捐给了穷人。)
★ 泄露;暴露
Don't give away the secret.(别泄露这个秘密。)
★. 颁发;授予
They gave away prizes to the winners of the competition.(他们给比赛获胜者颁发了奖品。)
★. 放弃;让步
The team had to give away their chance to win because of a mistake.(由于一个失误,这支队伍不得不放弃了获胜的机会。)
★ 免费赠送
The restaurant is giving away free samples of its new dishes.(这家餐馆正在免费赠送新菜品的样品。)
基础训练:
1.—Mum, ________ will you deal with the old clothes?
—I want to ________to the people in poor areas.
A.what; give them away B.what; give away them
C.how; give them away D.how; give away them
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——妈妈,你打算怎么处理这些旧衣服?——我想把它们送给贫困地区的人们。
考查疑问词和动词短语用法。what什么;how怎样;give away捐出。第一个空处询问处理旧衣物的方式,“deal with”表示处理,对应的疑问词应为询问方式的how。短语give away表示“捐赠”,当代词them作宾语时,需放在动词和副词之间,即give them away。故选C。
2.—Do you think it is popular to ________ red packets on WeChat during festivals?
—Yes, but I like giving gifts to family members.
A.put up B.give away C.pick up D.look up
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你认为在节日期间在微信上发红包流行吗? ——是的,但我喜欢给家人送礼物。
考查动词短语。put up张贴,搭建,举起;give away赠送,分发;pick up捡起,接送;look up查阅,向上看。根据“red packets on WeChat”以及语境可知,此处说的是在微信上发红包,故选B。
3.— Can you tell me ________ these books?
— You can ________ them. Someone needs them.
A.how to do with; give to B.what to do with; give away
C.how to deal with; give to D.what to deal with; give away
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你能告诉我怎么处理这些书吗?——你可以把它们捐赠出去。有人需要它们。
考查动词短语辨析。do with处理,常与what搭配;deal with处理,常与how搭配;故排除A和D;give away捐赠,赠送;give to送给,赠给,通常使用“give sth. to sb.”短语。空后的“them”是指“这些书”,give away符合语境,故选B。
Unit 6 Being creative
一、It’s time for.....=It’s time to do sth.到时间做......的用法:
It’s time for.....=It’s time to do sth.到时间做......
It’s time for breakfast.=It’s time to have breakfast。到时间吃早饭了。
It's time to do sth. 与 It's time for sth. / doing sth.“It's time to do sth.”强调的是具体的动作或行为,后面接动词原形。例如:It's time to clean the room.(该打扫房间了。)“It's time for sth. / doing sth.”则更侧重于某个具体的时间点或事件,后面可以接名词、代词或动名词。例如:It's time for dinner.(该吃晚饭了。)或 It's time for having a meeting.(该开会了。)
基础训练:
1.It’s time ________ lunch. Let’s go to the dining hall.
A./ B.have C.for D.to having
【答案】C
【解析】句意:到吃午饭的时间了。我们去餐厅吧。
考查介词。根据“It’s time for sth.”或“It’s time to do sth.”意为“到做某事的时间了”。故选C。
二、cut的短语及用法:
★cut down :砍倒(树木等)。 We should cut down the old tree in the garden.(我们应该把花园里那棵老树砍倒。)
★cut up :Please cut up the vegetables for the salad.(请把这些蔬菜切碎做沙拉。)
★cut in :(汽车等)超车;插嘴。 While I was talking on the phone, someone cut in.(我打电话时,有人插嘴了。)
★cut out :切断;删去;停止。You have to cut out the bad part of the apple.(你得把苹果坏的部分切掉。)
★cut off :切断;中断。 The storm cut off the power for several hours.(暴风雨使电力中断了好几个小时。)
基础训练:
1.—How do we save elephants?
—__________.
A.They are clever
B.They have long nose
C.We can’t cut down forests
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——我们如何拯救大象?——我们不能砍伐森林。
考查情景交际。They are clever它们很聪明;They have long nose它们有长长的鼻子;We can’t cut down forests我们不能砍伐森林。根据“How do we save elephants?”可知,此处应给出拯救大象的方式方法,C项符合。故选C。
2.—People in China usually eat noodles _________ their birthday.
—Yes, and they never cut ________ the long noodles.
A.on; down B.to; up C.on; up D.at; up
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——在中国,人们通常在生日那天是面条。——是的,并且他们从不切断长面条。
考查介词的用法和动词短语。on在具体某一天;to到;at在具体某一时刻;cut down砍倒;cut up切断。根据“their birthday”可知,是指生日那天,用介词on,排除选项B、D;又由“never cut ... the long noodles”可知,是指从不“切断”长面条,用cut up。故选C。
3.—Annie, I want to make some soup. Could you ________ the tomatoes now?
—Sure, I’m coming.
A.cut off B.cut up C.cut down D.cut out
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——安妮,我想做一些汤。你现在可以把西红柿切碎吗? ——当然可以,我来了。
考查动词短语辨析。cut off打断,切断;cut up切碎;cut down砍倒;cut out切断,关掉。根据“I want to make some soup”可知,想做一些汤,所以需要把西红柿切碎。故选B。
三、Come的短语及用法
come to life 变得活跃;变成现实
★come back 含义:回来。I will come back before dinner.(我会在晚饭前回来。)
★come from 含义:来自。 He comes from a small town.(他来自一个小镇。)
★come in 含义:进来;到达(某种状态)。 Come in, please. It's cold outside.(请进,外面冷。)
★come out 含义:出来;出版;出现。The new book will come out next month.(这本新书下个月出版。)
★come true 含义:实现;成真。If you work hard, your dreams will come true.(如果你努力工作,你的梦想会成真。)
基础训练:
1.My teacher hopes that ________ dreams ________ true.
A.we; come B.our; come C.us; comes D.my; comes
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我的老师希望我们的梦想成真。
考查代词辨析与主谓一致。we我们,人称代词主格作主语;our我们的,形容词性物主代词;us我们,人称代词宾格作宾语;my我的,形容词性物主代词。根据“dreams”可知,名词前应用形容词性物主代词,此处名词为复数形式,因此应指“我们的梦想”,应用our;主语“dreams”为复数形式,因此动词应用原形。故选B。
四、A pair of的用法:
A pair of" 是一个英语短语,常用于表示“一对”或“一双”的意思。在中学用法中,它主要用于描述两个相互关联或相似的事物。以下是一些常见的用法示例:
★描述物品
例句:She bought a pair of shoes yesterday.(她昨天买了一双鞋。)
解析:“a pair of shoes” 指的是一双鞋,“pair” 在这里表示 “一双”,强调鞋子是成对出现的。
★描述人 - 例句:They are a pair of good friends.(他们是一对好朋友。)
解析:“a pair of good friends” 意思是 “一对好朋友”,用 “pair” 来体现两人之间关系紧密,像一双鞋的两只一样,是彼此匹配、关联的个体。
★用于表示数量的两个事物 - 例句:There is a pair of birds singing in the tree.(树上有一对鸟在唱歌。)
解析:“a pair of birds” 即 “一对鸟”,“pair” 帮助明确了鸟的数量是两个,且这两个鸟是相关联的,可能在一起活动等情况。
★谓语动词的单复数形式
当 “a pair of + 名词” 作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:A pair of glasses is on the desk.(一副眼镜在桌子上。)因为句子的主语是 “a pair”,重点是这一对事物作为一个整体,所以动词用 “is”。
但如果强调的是 “pair” 里的两个个体,谓语动词可以用复数形式。比如:The pair of shoes are very comfortable.(这双鞋很舒服。)这里把 “shoes”(鞋子)作为考虑的重点,所以动词用 “are”。
基础训练:
1.—How much is the pair of shoes?
—________ 180 yuan.
A.It’s B.They’re C.Its D.Their
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——这双鞋子多少钱?——180元。
考查主谓一致。It’s它是;They’re它们是;Its它的;Their它们的。根据“How much is the pair of shoes?”可知,句中“the pair of shoes”的中心词“pair”为单数,所以回答价格时用It’s...。故选A。
2.There ________ a pair of sports shoes under the bed. The shoes ________ my brother’s.
A.is; is B.is; are C.are; are D.are; is
【答案】B
【解析】句意:床下有一双运动鞋。这双运动鞋是我哥哥的。
考查主谓一致。第一句中主语是a pair of sports shoes,当“a pair of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,所以第一空应选is;第二句中主语the shoes表示复数,所以第二空应选are。故选B。
3.The shoes ________ 300 yuan, but that pair of trousers ________ only 100 yuan.
A.is; is B.are; is C.are; are D.is; are
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这双鞋300元,但是那条裤子只要100元。
考查be动词和主谓一致。根据“The shoes...300 yuan,”可知,句子用一般现在时,主语“The shoes”是复数,be动词应用are;“that pair of trousers”作主语,单位词“pair”是单数,此时be动词应用is。故选B。
4.This pair of boots________ me very well, but they________ over 400 yuan. I don’t have enough money for them,
A.fit; spend B.fits; cost C.matches; take D.match; cost
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这双靴子很适合我,但是它们花费400多元,我没有足够的钱买它们。
考查动词辨析。fit适合,spend花费;cost花费;match搭配;take拿;句中“this pair of”这双,后接名词复数,谓语用单数,排除A、D。固定短语sth. fit sb.表示“某物适合某人”,排除C。sth.cost sb.+金钱,表示“某物花费某人多少钱”。故选B。
五、反身代词的用法:
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词,意思是“自己;本身;亲自”。反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称和数上应保持一致。
★反身代词的单复数形式
★反身代词的用法
(1)作宾语,表示动作执行者(主语)和动作承受者(宾语)是同一(或一些)人或事
物。例如:Jenny bought herself a nice dress as a birthday gift.
(2)作同位语,常用来加强语气。例如:I painted it myself.
(3)含反身代词的常用词组:
teach oneself 自学learn by oneself 自学enjoy oneself玩得高兴
help oneself to 随便吃/用……by oneself独自
基础训练:
1.I think my kite is more beautiful than ________. And it’s made by ________.
A.she; me B.her; myself C.hers; mine D.hers; myself
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我认为我的风筝比她的更漂亮。并且它是我自己做的。
考查代词。第一个空,根据“I think my kite is more beautiful than...”可知,此处指我的风筝比她的更美,hers“她的”,指代her kite,故填hers;第二个空,根据“it’s made by...”可知,此处指风筝是我自己做的,by oneself“某人自己”,myself“我自己”,故填myself。故选D。
2.—Can I help ________ with the housework?
—Thank you, but I can do it ________ .
A.you; yourself B.me; myself C.me; yourself D.you; myself
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我能帮你做家务吗?——谢谢你,但我可以自己做。
考查代词。you你(主格,宾格);yourself你自己(反身代词);me我(宾格);myself我自己(宾格)。help帮助(动词),后面接代词宾格,结合语境可知应用you;根据答语“Thank you. I can do it…”可知,拒绝了对方的帮助,要自己做家务,主语是“I”,用myself指代主语本身。故选D。
3.—Mike, who helped ________ make the paper plane?
—Nobody! I made it all by ________.
A.your; me B.your, myself C.you; myself D.yourself; mine
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——迈克,是谁帮你做的纸飞机?——没有人!我自己做的。
考查代词辨析。your你的;me我;you你;myself我自己;yourself你自己;mine我的。第一个空作help的宾语,用代词宾格,表示“帮助你”;根据“Nobody”可知没有人帮忙,是“我自己”做的,用反身代词。故选C。
4.I can work it out ________.
A.by myself B.for myself C.by yourself D.for yourself
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我可以自己把它计算出来。
考查介词辨析和代词辨析。by myself靠我自己;for myself为了我自己;by yourself靠你自己;for yourself为了你自己。根据“I can”可知是能靠自己解决问题,by oneself“靠某人自己”,主语为I,反身代词用myself。故选A。
六、 make的用法:
make:制作 be made of由...制成(看的出原材料)The ring is made of gold.这只戒指是金制的;be made from由...制成(看不出原材料)Paper is made from wood.纸是由木头制成的。;be made in+地点 Made in China.
make:使..... make sb/sth +adj.使某人、某物 处于某种状态
Plants and flowers make the garden more beautiful。植物和花使花园更加漂亮。
It makes me angry.这使我愤怒。
Make sb do sth 使某人做某事 My parents make me sleep and get up early.我父母让我早睡早起。
基础训练:
1.My mother often makes me ________ my homework before dinner.
A.do B.to do C.doing D.does
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我妈妈经常让我在晚饭前做作业。
考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.表示 “让某人做某事”,所以用动词原形。故选A。
2.People like wearing clothes ________ cotton that is grown in Xinjiang.
A.are made from B.made from C.are made of D.made of
【答案】D
【解析】句意:人们喜欢穿由新疆种植的棉花制成的衣服。
考查动词短语。are made from由……制成(原材料发生化学变化);are made of由……制成(原材料发生物理变化,可见原材料)。此处“cotton”作为原材料制成衣服,属于物理变化,可见原材料,且句子中已有谓语动词“like”,因此空格处需填入非谓语形式修饰“clothes”。故选D。
3.The house is made of ________ and wood.
A.brick B.stone C.metal D.plastic
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这房子是用石头和木头建造的。
考查名词辨析。brick砖;stone石头;metal金属;plastic塑料。根据“The house is made of …and wood.”及常识可知,房子一般由石头和木头建成。故选B。
4.—What do you think of my shirt?
—It ________ cotton. It looks nice on you.
A.is made in B.is made of C.is made into D.is made by
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你觉得我的衬衫怎么样?——它是棉做的。你穿起来很好看。
考查动词短语。is made in在……地方制造;is made of由……制成(能看出原材料);is made into被制成……;is made by被……制造。根据“What do you think of my shirt? It … cotton.”可知,此处应指衬衫是棉布制成的,能看出原材料。故选B。
七、be able to”表示“能够,会”的用法:
be able to”表示“能够,会”,强调通过努力、学习等具备做某事的能力。它与can的用法在某些方面相似,但更侧重于有能力去做,而can有时更侧重于可能性。
结构:“be able to”中的“be”可以是am, is, are, was, were等,根据主语的人称和数以及时态来变化。例如:
I am able to speak English.(我会说英语。)
She is able to solve this problem.(她能解决这个问题。)
be able to”一般不用于表示将来的能力,通常用will be able to或be going to be able to来表示将来能够做某事。例如:I will be able to travel next month.(下个月我将能够去旅行。)
与can/could的区别
“can”和“could”更多地表示一种能力或可能性,是情态动词,后面直接加动词原形。“can”通常用于一般现在时和一般过去时,“could”是“can”的过去式,也可以表示委婉的语气。例如:Can you help me with my homework?(你能帮我做作业吗?)
“be able to”更强调通过努力获得的能力,有时可以用于各种时态,尤其是在完成时中表示过去某一时刻的能力。例如:After a lot of practice, he was able to run faster.(经过大量练习后,他能跑得更快了。)
be able to learn(能够学习)例如:The children are able to learn new things quickly.(孩子们能够快速学习新事物。)
be able to do sth. well(能够把某事做好)例如:He is able to play basketball well.(他篮球打得很好。)
基础训练:
1.He ________ to finish school if he keeps studying hard from now on.
A.can be able B.will be able C.was able D.can
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果他从现在开始继续努力学习,他一定能完成学业。
考查时态。if引导的条件状语从句遵循主将从现原则,故填空处用一般将来时。故选B。
2.Many scientists believe that robots ________ talk like us in 50 years.
A.is able to B.will be able to C.be able to D.was able to
【答案】B
【解析】句意:很多科学家认为机器人在50年以后能够像人类一样说话。
考查时态。is able to一般现在时; will be able to一般将来时;be able to原形;was able to一般过去时。根据“in 50 year”可知指的是50年后,故用一般将来时,即will+动词原形,故选B。
3.Will you ________ to come to my party tomorrow?
A.able B.be abled C.be D.be able
【答案】D
【解析】句意:你明天能来参加我的聚会吗?
考查形容词短语。短语be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”,will后接动词原形,所以be动词保持原形。故选D。
4.— Mike, don’t worry about your Chinese study. Either my classmates or I ________ able to help you.
—Thanks.
A.are B.am C.is
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——迈克,别担心你的中文学习。我的同学或者我能帮助你。 ——谢谢你。
考查主谓一致。either...or连接的并列成分作主语时,遵循就近原则,根据“I”可知be动词用am。故选B。
八、“make a difference”的用法:
1.“make a difference”的意思是“有影响;有关系;起作用”,强调某事物或某人对情况、结果等产生积极的影响或改变。
作谓语动词:可以直接用于一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等不同时态中。例如:
Your help makes a big difference.(你的帮助有很大影响。)这是一般现在时的用法,表示现在持续存在的情况。
Her kindness made a difference to many people's lives.(她的善良对许多人的生活产生了影响。)这是一般过去时的用法,描述过去发生的动作。
If you work hard, it will make a difference in your study.(如果你努力学习,它将对你的学习产生影响。)这是一般将来时的用法,表达未来可能产生的结果。
2. 与其他词搭配使用:“make a difference”可以和一些介词短语搭配,如“make a difference to / in”。例如:This new policy will make a difference to the development of our city.(这项新政策将对我们城市的发展产生影响。)这里“to”表示针对的对象。
Eating a balanced diet makes a difference in your health.(均衡的饮食对你的健康有影响。)这里“in”表示在某个方面。
基础训练:
1.Does it make a big ______to your grades?
A.difference B.different C.differences D.more different
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这对你的成绩有很大的影响吗?
A. difference不同,名词;B. different不同的,形容词;C. differences不同,名词复数;D. more different不同的,形容词比较级。Make a difference有影响,固定搭配。;由a big 可知,big为形容词,形容词是修饰名词的,冠词a告诉我们,后面的名词应该使用单数。故选A。
2.Everyone can make ________ difference to the environmental protection in our daily life.
A./ B.the C.an D.a
【答案】D
【解析】句意:每个人都能在日常生活中对环境保护产生重要的影响。
考查冠词的用法。make a difference to“对……起重要作用,有影响”,固定搭配。故选D。
3.We all know ______ideas can make ________.
A.difference; differences B.different; differences
C.differently; different D.difference; differently
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词和形容词。句意:“我们都知道不同的想法会造成不同。”根据知识点,形容词修饰名词代词,所以第一空需要形容词different来修饰idea。观察句子,这里需要名词作定语,make differences产生差异,故选B。
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Unit 5 Our neighbourhood
一、“There be”句型的用法
“There be”句型是英语中表示存在的一种常见句型,以下是其用法的详细归纳:
★.基本结构与含义
结构:“There + be动词(is/are/was/were等)+主语+地点状语/时间状语”。
含义:表达“在某地(某时)存在某人或某物”的意思。
★主谓一致原则(就近原则)
be动词的形式要根据紧跟其后的主语的单复数形式来决定。如果主语是单数名词或不可数名词,be动词用单数形式is或was;如果主语是复数名词,be动词用复数形式are或were。例如:There is a book on the table.(桌子上有一本书);There are two books and a pen in my bag.(我的包里有两本书和一支钢笔)。即使主
★.时态变化
一般现在时:There is/are + 主语 + 地点状语/时间状语,用于描述当前存在的状态。例如:There is a bird in the tree.(树上有一只鸟)。
一般过去时:There was/were + 主语 + 地点状语/时间状语,用于描述过去某一时间的存在情况。例如:There was a big tree in front of our house before.(以前我们房子前面有一棵大树)。
一般将来时:常用结构有“There will be...”或“There is/are going to be...”,用于预测或计划未来的情况。例如:There will be a party tomorrow night.(明晚将会有一个派对);There is going to be a football match next week.(下周将有一场足球比赛)。
★否定形式
在be动词后面加not即可构成否定形式,is not = isn’t,are not = aren’t。但要注意的是句中如果出现some则改成any。例如:There is not a knife in the kitchen.(厨房里没有刀);There are not any birds singing in the tree.(树上没有鸟在唱歌)。
★.一般疑问句
把Be动词放在there之前,并将句号变问号,some要改成any。例如:Is there an apple on the tree?(树上有一个苹果吗?);Are there five pens on the desk?(课桌上有五支钢笔吗?)。肯定回答为:Yes, there is/are.;否定回答为:No, there isn’t/aren’t。语后面还有其他名词,be动词的单复数形式仍然取决于最靠近它的那个主语。
基础训练:
1.—________ something wrong with my computer. Can I use yours?
—No problem.
A.It is B.It was C.There is D.There was
2.— ________ a sports meeting next week because of the bad weather. —What a pity!
A.There won’t have B.There won’t be
C.There isn’t going to have D.There is going to be
3.There ________ any books on your desk.
A.aren’t B.isn’t C.don’t D.doesn’t
4.I hope there ________ rain tomorrow because we will go out for a picnic.
A.to be no B.will be not much C.will not be much D.will have
5.There ________ some water in the pond. Do you want to go fishing?
A.is B.are C.have D.has
二、ask sb to do sth的用法
ask sb to do sth”意为“要求某人做某事”、“请求某人做某事”或“敦促某人做某事”。其中,“ask”是动词原形,表示请求、要求或命令;“sb”代表被要求或被请求的人,可以是名词、代词或名词短语;“to do sth”是不定式短语,作为宾语补足语,说明要求或请求的具体内容。
I ask him to help me with my homework.(我请求他帮我做作业。)
She asked me to be her partner in the game.(她请求我在比赛中做她的搭档。)
The teacher asked the students to write a passage about their weekend.(老师要求学生写一篇关于他们周末的作文。)
My mother always asks me to clean my room every Sunday.(我妈妈总是要求我每个星期天打扫我的房间。)
They asked us to arrive before 6 p.m. for the meeting.(他们要求我们在下午6点前到达参加会议。)
He asked me to lend him some money yesterday.(他昨天向我借了些钱。)——一般过去时
★类似结构:除了“ask sb to do sth”外,英语中还有一些类似的结构,如“tell sb to do sth”(告诉某人做某事)、“order sb to do sth”(命令某人做某事)、“want sb to do sth”(想要某人做某事)等。这些结构在用法上与“ask sb to do sth”相似,但语气和含义略有不同。例如:
He told me to wait for him at the gate.(他告诉我在大门口等他。)—— “tell”更侧重于传达信息或指示。
The boss ordered the workers to finish the work within a week.(老板命令工人在一周内完成工作。)—— “order”语气更强,带有命令的口吻。
I want you to come to my party tonight.(我想要你今晚来参加我的派对。)—— “want”则更侧重于表达个人的愿望或期望。
基础训练:
1.My mother always asks me to ________ more time reading books.
A.cost B.pay C.spend
2.Parents ask their kids ________ their e-friends because it’s dangerous.
A.meet B.not to meet C.to meet D.not meeting
3.The teacher asks us ________ English loudly in the morning.
A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads
三、"another" 另一个”或“再一个”的用法
"Another" 另一个”或“再一个”它的具体用法如下:
★表示另一个事物:
例如:I need another cup of coffee.(我需要另一杯咖啡。)
这里的 "another" 用来表示在已有的咖啡之外,还需要一杯新的咖啡。
★表示再一个或额外的数量:
例如:Can you give me another five minutes?(你能再给我五分钟吗?) - 在这个例子中,"another" 表示希望在原有的基础上增加五分钟的时间。
★ 与量词搭配使用:
例如:Another ten people have gathered for the concert.(又有十个人聚集来听音乐会。)
在这里,"another" 与数字 "ten" 和复数名词 "people" 一起使用,表示新增的数量。
基础训练:
1.It’s important to make friends because we can help ________ when we have problems.
A.each another B.one another C.one other
2.We invite successful businessmen to give a talk ________ in our college.
A.from day to night B.from time to time
C.from one to another D.from past to now
3.We always help each other at school. What does the underlined part mean?
A.others B.one other C.one another D.another
4.The cake tastes ________. I’d like to have ________ one.
A.well; another B.good; other C.good; another D.well; other
四、"be full of"“充满”或“装满”的用法
"be full of"“充满”或“装满”。它通常用来描述某个地方、物体、活动等充满了某种事物、情感、品质等。以下是一些具体用法和示例:
★ 表示空间或位置的充满
当描述一个地方、容器或空间里装填了很多东西时,可以用 "be full of"。
例如:The room is full of furniture.(房间里摆满了家具。)
The box is full of books.(盒子里全是书。)
★表示情感的充满
当描述某人内心充满了某种情感时,也可以用 "be full of"。
例如:Her heart is full of love for her family.(她心中充满了对家人的爱。)
He is full of enthusiasm for the project.(他对这个项目充满了热情。)
★ 表示数量或数字的充足
虽然不常用,但在某些情况下,也可以表示数量上的充足。
例如:The schedule is full of meetings and appointments.(日程表上排满了会议和约会。)
★表示拥有某种品质
有时候 "be full of" 可以表示某人拥有某种正面的品质。
例如:She is full of kindness and always helps others.(她很善良,经常帮助别人。)
注意事项
"be full of" 后面通常跟名词或代词,但不可以直接跟动词原形。
主语 + be (am/is/are/was/were) + full of + 名词/代词
1. The classroom is full of students.
2. His speech was full of wisdom and insights.
3. The air is full of the fragrance of flowers.
4. Their lives are full of happiness and success.
基础训练:
1.Our school garden ________ flowers. It looks very beautiful.
A.is full of B.filled with C.covers D.covered by
2.I want to have ________ garden ________ flowers.
A.my own; full of B.of my own; full of C.my own; fill with D.I own; filled with
3.—Can I fill the box ________ my model cars?
—I’m afraid not. It’s full ________ my school things.
A.with; with B.of; of C.of; with D.with; of
4.The bus ________ people. We have to wait for the next one.
A.is close to B.is full of C.is away from
5.The library ________ all kinds of books is near my home.
A.is full of B.full of C.full with D.is full with of
五、"in the middle of" 的用法:
★. 表示位置或方向
当描述某物或某人位于另一个物体或空间的中间时 - 例如:The book is in the middle of the table.(书在桌子的中间。)
There is a big park in the middle of the city.(城市中间有一个大公园。)
★ 表示时间
当提及某个时间段的正中时,也可以用 "in the middle of"。
例如:It happened in the middle of the night.(这件事发生在半夜。)
We started the project in the middle of last month.(我们上个月月中旬开始了这个项目。)
★ 表示过程或活动
当描述某个动作或事件正在进行时,可以用 "in the middle of" 来表示“在……过程中”。 例如:He left in the middle of the meeting.(他在会议中途离开了。)
She realized her mistake in the middle of the presentation.(她在演示过程中意识到了自己的错误。)
基础训练:
1.—There is a broken car ________ the road.
—We can go across from the right side.
A.in the middle of B.in the middle C.on the right of D.on the right
2.There is a large round table in the centre of the room.
A.in the middle of B.in the front of C.at the back of D.on the left of
六、wide的比较级和最高级以及比较级和最高级的变法 :
wide adj. 宽阔的 变比较级 wider 更宽的。最高级 widest.
形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则主要有以下几种情况:
★ 单音节词和部分双音节词一般情况:在词尾加“er”构成比较级,加“est”构成最高级。例如:“tall”(高的)的比较级是“taller”,最高级是“tallest”;“small”(小的)的比较级是“smaller”,最高级是“smallest”
以不发音的“e”结尾:直接加“r”构成比较级,加“st”构成最高级。比如:“nice”(好的)的比较级是“nicer”,最高级是“nicest”;“large”(大的)的比较级是“larger”,最高级是“largest”
重读闭音节词,末尾只有一个辅音字母:先双写这个辅音字母,再加“er”构成比较级,加“est”构成最高级。例如:“big”(大的)的比较级是“bigger”,最高级是“biggest”;“thin”(瘦的)的比较级是“thinner”,最高级是“thinnest”
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词:把“y”改为“i”,再加“er”构成比较级,加“est”构成最高级。例如:“happy”(快乐的)的比较级是“happier”,最高级是“happiest”;“heavy”(重的)的比较级是“heavier”,最高级是“heaviest”
★其他双音节词和多音节词:在前面加“more”构成比较级,加“most”构成最高级。例如:“beautiful”(漂亮的)的比较级是“more beautiful”,最高级是“most beautiful”;“important”(重要的)的比较级是“more important”,最高级是“most important”
★ 特殊变化的形容词:
“good/well”的比较级是“better”,最高级是“best”。
“bad/ill”的比较级是“worse”,最高级是“worst”。
“many/much”的比较级是“more”,最高级是“most”。
“little”的比较级是“less”,最高级是“least”。
“far”的比较级可以是“farther”或“further”,最高级是“farthest”或“furthest”。
“old”的比较级可以是“older”或“elder”,最高级是“oldest”或“eldest”(“elder”和“eldest”主要表示长幼顺序,指排行)。
基础训练:
1.The river is very long and it is about ________.
A.20 meters wide B.15 meters long C.30 meters high
2.The roads in my hometown are ______ than before.
A.wide B.wider C.widest D.the widest
七、“lead to”的用法:
“lead to”是一个动词短语,意为“导致;通向;引起”。它用于描述某种情况、行为或事件引发了另一种结果或后果。
★lead to + 名词/代词
例句:Hard work leads to success.(努力工作导致成功。)
★ lead to + 动词 -ing形式
例句:Eating too much junk food leads to having a bad diet.(吃太多垃圾食品会导致饮食不健康。)
★ 描述因果关系
例句:The heavy rain led to the flood.(大雨导致了洪水。)
★描述结果或后果
例句:His carelessness led to a serious mistake.(他的粗心大意导致了严重的错误。)
★1. “lead to”中的“to”是介词,后面不能跟动词原形。
2. “lead to”表示的是一种客观的因果关系,不是主观的意图或愿望。
3. 在使用“lead to”时,要注意上下文的逻辑关系,确保前后两个部分之间存在合理的因果关系。
基础训练:
1.The teacher ________ the students to the museum tomorrow.
A.will lead B.lead C.leads D.led
八、take up的用法:
take up:有“占据(时间、空间等);开始从事;接受;继续(中断后)做”等含义。
★ 表示“占据(时间、空间等)”
This table takes up too much space in the room.(这张桌子在房间里占了太多空间。)
His hobby takes up a lot of his spare time.(他的爱好占据了他很多业余时间。)
★表示“开始从事(某种职业、活动等)”She wants to take up teaching as her career.(她想从事教学作为她的职业。)
He took up photography when he was ten years old.(他十岁的时候开始从事摄影。)
★表示“接受(建议、邀请等)
We should take up his suggestion.(我们应该接受他的建议。)
He took up the invitation to the party immediately.(他立刻接受了派对的邀请。)
★表示“继续(中断后)做(某事)”
Let's take up where we left off yesterday.(咱们从昨天停下的地方接着讲吧。)
They had to take up the work after the break.(休息之后他们不得不继续工作。)
基础训练:
1.I’m going to ________ a new hobby. I want to learn how to take photos.
A.take up B.take down C.turn up D.turn down
九、give away的用法:
★ 赠送;捐赠
He gave away his old clothes to the poor people.(他把他旧衣服捐给了穷人。)
★ 泄露;暴露
Don't give away the secret.(别泄露这个秘密。)
★. 颁发;授予
They gave away prizes to the winners of the competition.(他们给比赛获胜者颁发了奖品。)
★. 放弃;让步
The team had to give away their chance to win because of a mistake.(由于一个失误,这支队伍不得不放弃了获胜的机会。)
★ 免费赠送
The restaurant is giving away free samples of its new dishes.(这家餐馆正在免费赠送新菜品的样品。)
基础训练:
1.—Mum, ________ will you deal with the old clothes?
—I want to ________to the people in poor areas.
A.what; give them away B.what; give away them
C.how; give them away D.how; give away them
2.—Do you think it is popular to ________ red packets on WeChat during festivals?
—Yes, but I like giving gifts to family members.
A.put up B.give away C.pick up D.look up
3.— Can you tell me ________ these books?
— You can ________ them. Someone needs them.
A.how to do with; give to B.what to do with; give away
C.how to deal with; give to D.what to deal with; give away
Unit 6 Being creative
一、It’s time for.....=It’s time to do sth.到时间做......的用法:
It’s time for.....=It’s time to do sth.到时间做......
It’s time for breakfast.=It’s time to have breakfast。到时间吃早饭了。
It's time to do sth. 与 It's time for sth. / doing sth.“It's time to do sth.”强调的是具体的动作或行为,后面接动词原形。例如:It's time to clean the room.(该打扫房间了。)“It's time for sth. / doing sth.”则更侧重于某个具体的时间点或事件,后面可以接名词、代词或动名词。例如:It's time for dinner.(该吃晚饭了。)或 It's time for having a meeting.(该开会了。)
基础训练:
1.It’s time ________ lunch. Let’s go to the dining hall.
A./ B.have C.for D.to having
二、cut的短语及用法:
★cut down :砍倒(树木等)。 We should cut down the old tree in the garden.(我们应该把花园里那棵老树砍倒。)
★cut up :Please cut up the vegetables for the salad.(请把这些蔬菜切碎做沙拉。)
★cut in :(汽车等)超车;插嘴。 While I was talking on the phone, someone cut in.(我打电话时,有人插嘴了。)
★cut out :切断;删去;停止。You have to cut out the bad part of the apple.(你得把苹果坏的部分切掉。)
★cut off :切断;中断。 The storm cut off the power for several hours.(暴风雨使电力中断了好几个小时。)
基础训练:
1.—How do we save elephants?
—__________.
A.They are clever
B.They have long nose
C.We can’t cut down forests
2.—People in China usually eat noodles _________ their birthday.
—Yes, and they never cut ________ the long noodles.
A.on; down B.to; up C.on; up D.at; up
3.—Annie, I want to make some soup. Could you ________ the tomatoes now?
—Sure, I’m coming.
A.cut off B.cut up C.cut down D.cut out
三、Come的短语及用法
come to life 变得活跃;变成现实
★come back 含义:回来。I will come back before dinner.(我会在晚饭前回来。)
★come from 含义:来自。 He comes from a small town.(他来自一个小镇。)
★come in 含义:进来;到达(某种状态)。 Come in, please. It's cold outside.(请进,外面冷。)
★come out 含义:出来;出版;出现。The new book will come out next month.(这本新书下个月出版。)
★come true 含义:实现;成真。If you work hard, your dreams will come true.(如果你努力工作,你的梦想会成真。)
基础训练:
1.My teacher hopes that ________ dreams ________ true.
A.we; come B.our; come C.us; comes D.my; comes
四、A pair of的用法:
A pair of" 是一个英语短语,常用于表示“一对”或“一双”的意思。在中学用法中,它主要用于描述两个相互关联或相似的事物。以下是一些常见的用法示例:
★描述物品
例句:She bought a pair of shoes yesterday.(她昨天买了一双鞋。)
解析:“a pair of shoes” 指的是一双鞋,“pair” 在这里表示 “一双”,强调鞋子是成对出现的。
★描述人 - 例句:They are a pair of good friends.(他们是一对好朋友。)
解析:“a pair of good friends” 意思是 “一对好朋友”,用 “pair” 来体现两人之间关系紧密,像一双鞋的两只一样,是彼此匹配、关联的个体。
★用于表示数量的两个事物 - 例句:There is a pair of birds singing in the tree.(树上有一对鸟在唱歌。)
解析:“a pair of birds” 即 “一对鸟”,“pair” 帮助明确了鸟的数量是两个,且这两个鸟是相关联的,可能在一起活动等情况。
★谓语动词的单复数形式
当 “a pair of + 名词” 作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:A pair of glasses is on the desk.(一副眼镜在桌子上。)因为句子的主语是 “a pair”,重点是这一对事物作为一个整体,所以动词用 “is”。
但如果强调的是 “pair” 里的两个个体,谓语动词可以用复数形式。比如:The pair of shoes are very comfortable.(这双鞋很舒服。)这里把 “shoes”(鞋子)作为考虑的重点,所以动词用 “are”。
基础训练:
1.—How much is the pair of shoes?
—________ 180 yuan.
A.It’s B.They’re C.Its D.Their
2.There ________ a pair of sports shoes under the bed. The shoes ________ my brother’s.
A.is; is B.is; are C.are; are D.are; is
3.The shoes ________ 300 yuan, but that pair of trousers ________ only 100 yuan.
A.is; is B.are; is C.are; are D.is; are
4.This pair of boots________ me very well, but they________ over 400 yuan. I don’t have enough money for them,
A.fit; spend B.fits; cost C.matches; take D.match; cost
五、反身代词的用法:
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词,意思是“自己;本身;亲自”。反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称和数上应保持一致。
★反身代词的单复数形式
★反身代词的用法
(1)作宾语,表示动作执行者(主语)和动作承受者(宾语)是同一(或一些)人或事
物。例如:Jenny bought herself a nice dress as a birthday gift.
(2)作同位语,常用来加强语气。例如:I painted it myself.
(3)含反身代词的常用词组:
teach oneself 自学learn by oneself 自学enjoy oneself玩得高兴
help oneself to 随便吃/用……by oneself独自
基础训练:
1.I think my kite is more beautiful than ________. And it’s made by ________.
A.she; me B.her; myself C.hers; mine D.hers; myself
2.—Can I help ________ with the housework?
—Thank you, but I can do it ________ .
A.you; yourself B.me; myself C.me; yourself D.you; myself
3.—Mike, who helped ________ make the paper plane?
—Nobody! I made it all by ________.
A.your; me B.your, myself C.you; myself D.yourself; mine
4.I can work it out ________.
A.by myself B.for myself C.by yourself D.for yourself
六、 make的用法:
make:制作 be made of由...制成(看的出原材料)The ring is made of gold.这只戒指是金制的;be made from由...制成(看不出原材料)Paper is made from wood.纸是由木头制成的。;be made in+地点 Made in China.
make:使..... make sb/sth +adj.使某人、某物 处于某种状态
Plants and flowers make the garden more beautiful。植物和花使花园更加漂亮。
It makes me angry.这使我愤怒。
Make sb do sth 使某人做某事 My parents make me sleep and get up early.我父母让我早睡早起。
基础训练:
1.My mother often makes me ________ my homework before dinner.
A.do B.to do C.doing D.does
2.People like wearing clothes ________ cotton that is grown in Xinjiang.
A.are made from B.made from C.are made of D.made of
3.The house is made of ________ and wood.
A.brick B.stone C.metal D.plastic
4.—What do you think of my shirt?
—It ________ cotton. It looks nice on you.
A.is made in B.is made of C.is made into D.is made by
七、be able to”表示“能够,会”的用法:
be able to”表示“能够,会”,强调通过努力、学习等具备做某事的能力。它与can的用法在某些方面相似,但更侧重于有能力去做,而can有时更侧重于可能性。
结构:“be able to”中的“be”可以是am, is, are, was, were等,根据主语的人称和数以及时态来变化。例如:
I am able to speak English.(我会说英语。)
She is able to solve this problem.(她能解决这个问题。)
be able to”一般不用于表示将来的能力,通常用will be able to或be going to be able to来表示将来能够做某事。例如:I will be able to travel next month.(下个月我将能够去旅行。)
与can/could的区别
“can”和“could”更多地表示一种能力或可能性,是情态动词,后面直接加动词原形。“can”通常用于一般现在时和一般过去时,“could”是“can”的过去式,也可以表示委婉的语气。例如:Can you help me with my homework?(你能帮我做作业吗?)
“be able to”更强调通过努力获得的能力,有时可以用于各种时态,尤其是在完成时中表示过去某一时刻的能力。例如:After a lot of practice, he was able to run faster.(经过大量练习后,他能跑得更快了。)
be able to learn(能够学习)例如:The children are able to learn new things quickly.(孩子们能够快速学习新事物。)
be able to do sth. well(能够把某事做好)例如:He is able to play basketball well.(他篮球打得很好。)
基础训练:
1.He ________ to finish school if he keeps studying hard from now on.
A.can be able B.will be able C.was able D.can
2.Many scientists believe that robots ________ talk like us in 50 years.
A.is able to B.will be able to C.be able to D.was able to
3.Will you ________ to come to my party tomorrow?
A.able B.be abled C.be D.be able
4.— Mike, don’t worry about your Chinese study. Either my classmates or I ________ able to help you.
—Thanks.
A.are B.am C.is
八、“make a difference”的用法:
1.“make a difference”的意思是“有影响;有关系;起作用”,强调某事物或某人对情况、结果等产生积极的影响或改变。
作谓语动词:可以直接用于一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等不同时态中。例如:
Your help makes a big difference.(你的帮助有很大影响。)这是一般现在时的用法,表示现在持续存在的情况。
Her kindness made a difference to many people's lives.(她的善良对许多人的生活产生了影响。)这是一般过去时的用法,描述过去发生的动作。
If you work hard, it will make a difference in your study.(如果你努力学习,它将对你的学习产生影响。)这是一般将来时的用法,表达未来可能产生的结果。
2. 与其他词搭配使用:“make a difference”可以和一些介词短语搭配,如“make a difference to / in”。例如:This new policy will make a difference to the development of our city.(这项新政策将对我们城市的发展产生影响。)这里“to”表示针对的对象。
Eating a balanced diet makes a difference in your health.(均衡的饮食对你的健康有影响。)这里“in”表示在某个方面。
基础训练:
1.Does it make a big ______to your grades?
A.difference B.different C.differences D.more different
2.Everyone can make ________ difference to the environmental protection in our daily life.
A./ B.the C.an D.a
3.We all know ______ideas can make ________.
A.difference; differences B.different; differences
C.differently; different D.difference; differently
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