专题03 阅读理解之说明文（山西专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解之说明文 （一） （山西省大同市浑源县第七中学校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题） Like many children, young Lotte Reiniger was crazy about movies, which at the time were a completely new invention. She taught herself how to cut paper silhouettes (剪影), of people, animals, and objects. I could cut silhouettes almost as soon as I could manage to hold a pair of scissors,” Reiniger said. “I could paint, too, and read...But everybody was surprised at the scissor cuts” At first, Reiniger wanted to be an actress, but her skill at making silhouettes drew the attention of the German film industry. Before 1927, films were silent. To help the audience understand the film, title cards with printed text appeared during the film between scenes. Reiniger helped create title cards for films, using her silhouettes. In 1918, she was asked to provide stop-motion animation (定格动面), in which objects are photographed (拍摄)in a series of slightly different positions and then replayed at high speed so that the objects appear to move on their own, for wooden rats (老鼠)in the movie The Pied Piper of Hamelin. It was a breakthrough that led to her own films, first short films and then, in 1926, The Adventures of Prince Achmed, the first full-length animated film. Although Reiniger once described herself as “a primitive (原始的)caveman artist”, her work is not simple. She carefully cut bits of card, paper, and wire, creating wonderful shapes, and then made them move and dance by hand. The black shapes were then placed on colorful backgrounds. She made more than 60 films, around 40 of which survive, all cut by her own hands. Most were based on timeless fairy tales, like Cinderella and Sleeping Beauty. Reiniger was truly a pioneer both in animation and for women in film-making. Though her last film came out in 1980, her style is still influential and can often be seen in today’s films. 1．What do we know about Reiniger’s cuts? A．People silhouettes were her favorite. B．Painting and reading helped her cuts. C．She had a gift for cutting silhouettes. D．Movies excited her interest in silhouettes. 2．What did Reiniger do to help the audience understand the silent films? A．She replayed the film between scenes. B．She cut silhouettes for title cards in films. C．She broke up long films into shorter ones. D．She made photos of the objects in the film. 3．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Creating title cards for films. B．Making wooden rats for a film. C．Producing The Adventures of Prince Achmed. D．Bringing stop-motion animation into a film. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Reiniger? A．Gifted and generous. B．Creative and productive. C．Honest and self-confident. D．Traditional and hard-working. （二） （山西省阳泉市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题） For the past three decades, Du Dengwen has been one of the few connections between residents (居民) in the depths of Huping Mountain and the outside world. His presence always brings joy to the mountain residents, because it means letters or parcels of huge mental or practical value are coming on their way. Du Dengwen joined the local post station in March 1990 and was immediately in charge of serving more than 5,000 residents in 13 villages in the woods. A round trip to cover all of the villages under his tasks ran about 180 km, and the only thing he could depend on before 2017 was a bicycle. Even so, only two villages were reached by cycling. The rest could only be entered over rough roads, upon which Du had to walk. “It took me 5 days a week on the road in the 1990s,” Du recalls. He had to climb sharp mountains, cross suspension (悬架) bridges and went through narrow and dangerous paths. Traveling in the mountains, Du often came across wild animals, such as foxes and bears. He would take cover and hide from them. The arduous trips saw Du wear out more than 110 pairs of shoes and more than 3,000 sticks. Based on his worksheets, Du had walked 130,000 km at work and his efforts have earned him the nickname “angel postman” among the locals. Du also cleaned a local nursing home, where more than 30 elderly people lived, during his newspaper delivery to the facility. In addition, he often bought cooking oil and rice for them. Du’s acts of kindness and generosity have earned the mountain villagers’ trust and respect. “It makes you stay and unwilling to give up and just leave.” Du says. As local life gets better, Du has something more to do now. He buys goods at the request of the villagers, such as rice and cooking oil. Although Du is on the home stretch of retirement, he says, “If villagers need me, I will keep delivering for them.” 5．What can we know about Du Dengwen? A．He got along well with the mountain residents. B．He was able to cover villages by using a bicycle. C．He offered medical assistance to remote villages. D．He was asked to work in post station after graduation. 6．What does the underlined word “arduous” mean in the third paragraph? A．Boring. B．Interesting. C．Challenging. D．Relaxing. 7．Why does Du stick to his post office job? A．It provides him with a high income. B．It gives him a sense of achievement. C．He is satisfied with the environment. D．He wants to be a famous postman. （三） （山西省临汾市洪洞县晋洪中学2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） Dragons, a famous imaginary beast born from fantasy, are often present in stories in the west and east. In both cultures, dragons are generally recognized as massive creatures capable of flight. They have great power and are often associated with magical abilities. However, due to their different cultural roots and images, there exist significant differences in the way dragons are regarded in the west and east, particularly in China. Chinese dragons most resemble snakes, and have four claws and no wings. They often have features of other animals, including carp, tigers, and eagles. In the contrast, Western dragons look like huge lizards with big claws and large bat-like wings, and are often shown with spines or rough scales. In traditional Chinese culture, a dragon is a symbol of luck, power and high status. They can cause weather changes and bring rainfall to the fields to ensure rich harvests. They are considered divine (神圣的) creatures, which hold an important position as the head of the four spirits. Therefore, to symbolize their power, ancient Chinese emperors decorated their clothes with dragon patterns. These clothes are known as dragon robes. Many Chinese view the dragon as a national symbol, proudly referring to themselves as “descendants of the dragon”. In the west, however, a dragon symbolizes an evil creature that spreads violence and terror throughout the land. They are believed to be transformed by the devil, with the ability to breathe fire or spit poison. Many western tales show dragons being defeated and killed to protect people from danger. Today, dragons continue to evolve, exceeding traditional boundaries and finding new significance in global culture. They are no longer associated with evil or good, but rather as complex characters with their own unique personalities and motivations. For example, Toothless from How to Train Your Dragon begins as a dangerous dragon but evolves into a misunderstood being with love and compassion. This challenges the idea of dragons as naturally evil, presenting them as complex beings with emotions and motivations. 8．What do western dragons and eastern dragons have in common? A．They have rough skin. B．They are huge and powerful. C．They are in the shape of snakes. D．They have big claws and wings. 9．What do we know from paragraph 3? A．Western dragons are a symbol of authority. B．Dragons in China can protect people from danger. C．Chinese dragons can control rainfall and breathe fire. D．Dragons are believed to cause chaos in western culture. 10．What is new about dragons in today’s global culture? A．They are regarded as adventurous creatures. B．They are closely associated with evil or good. C．They have more diverse emotions and personalities. D．They tend to represent human spirits facing challenges. 11．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Dragon Elements in Global Culture B．The Origin of Dragons in Chinese History C．The Magical Animals in Different Countries D．The Images of Dragons in Western Traditions （四） （山西省大同市浑源县第七中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题） When people talk about American popular music, they don’t just mean country music or rock music. There are two other types of popular music with national and international appeal that are basically American. One is jazz. The other is a musical form associated with New York City theaters. Jazz dates from African religious and folk music. The themes and songs of jazz music have historical origins. They come from songs sung by black Americans in church or at work. There have been different kinds of jazz music: bebop, ragtime, swing, boogie-woogie and others. In playing jazz music, the performers combine rhythms and songs with their skills of improvisation (即兴创作). Modern jazz music has developed into a complex musical style enjoyed more by musicians and older jazz lovers than by the general public. American theater has developed another American musical style. It is associated with a street in New York City, Broadway. Broadway musicals are dramatic productions in which the story is told partly by dialogue and partly through songs. The lyrics of these songs give background information about the story and express the feelings of the characters in the story. Many Broadway musicals have been made into movies that have been shown all over the world. Oklahoma, Sound of Music, My Fair Lady and West Side Story are some good examples. Songs from these musicals and others have translations in various languages that are sung around the world. Many of them have become popular with people who have not even seen the musicals for which they were written. 12．What does jazz belong to? A．Rock music. B．Country music. C．Traditional music. D．American popular music. 13．What can we learn about jazz from Paragraph 2? A．Its playing method. B．Its popularity. C．Its origin. D．Its historical position. 14．Which of the following best describes modern jazz music? A．It needs special skills to perform. B．It is not well received by ordinary people. C．It is welcomed only among musicians. D．It is popular with the general public. 15．The underlined word “them” in the last paragraph can be replaced by “______”. A．the songs B．the translations C．the musicals D．the languages （五） （山西省朔州市怀仁市大地学校高中部2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） Vanessa Burchill, a 12-year-old Dartmouth, N. S. girl, is growing and giving away hundreds of milkweed seedlings (马利筋草苗) so endangered monarch butterflies have somewhere safe to land. Her plan to save the monarch butterflies began about three years ago when her aunt showed her a chrysalis (茧) from her garden. She watched in wonder as a butterfly appeared and made its wings dry. She’s now given out about 1,000 milkweed seedlings to people in Halifax through her Downtown Dartmouth Monarch Project. Her first group of milkweed this spring went in a matter of hours. Monarch butterflies can’t survive without milkweed because it’s the only plant where they can lay their eggs. Burchill grows swamp milkweed. It is far less unruly (难以控制的) than common milkweed, its cousin. Common milkweed is considered a harmful weed in N.S. It is often killed by people with chemicals. This year, Burchill’s growing season began in February with seeds from the Mersey Tobeatic Research Institute. Anyone can message her on Facebook to pick up a pot (盆) of milkweed for free. Each pot has four small plants that people are encouraged to put in a sunny place in their gardens. “When the monarchs finally appear from the chrysalis they need to be able to dry out their wings in the sun and when the plant doesn’t have full sun they can’t do that,” Burchill said. Burchill has also started growing a butterfly garden in the park across the street from her house with the help of parents and neighbours. “We’re very proud of her and she’s quite focused,” said her dad Nick Burchill. “Hopefully, it will create a nice pathway for monarchs.” Burchill has only seen a handful of monarchs visit her yard and she’s still waiting to see a caterpillar on the milkweed. But she knows what she did is paying off when she sees the endangered butterflies visiting gardens she helps grow. 16．What encouraged Burchill to save the monarch butterflies? A．Her monarch project. B．Her aunt’s suggestion. C．Her research on the butterflies. D．Her experience in her aunt’s garden. 17．Why does Burchill plant swamp milkweed? A．It is becoming endangered. B．It widely grows in her hometown. C．It is much safer than common milkweed. D．It is recognised by the N.S. government. 18．What is the attitude of Burchill’s father towards her action? A．Uninterested. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. 19．Which of the following can best describe Burchill? A．Kind and helpful. B．Brave and honest. C．Strict and creative. D．Careful and easygoing. （六） （山西省运城市2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） On December 28, 2023, a Chinese company reached an important milestone. It flew a completely unmanned, autonomous spassenger drone on its first commercial flight in Guangzhou. Before you get too excited, here come the details. The drone has a range of only 22 miles and a top speed of only 81 mph. The drone is certainly quieter and greener, and may prove to be safer, but we’re a long way from phasing out (逐步淘汰) ordinary helicopters, let alone seeing cars get replaced with little drones. Still, I’m happy to see the little guy flying around Guangzhou. It serves as a reminder that some of the biggest questions about the future aren’t about what’s technologically practicable or economically practicable, so much as what’s socially practicable. J. Storrs Hall, a technologist, insists the main barrier between us and flying cars has not been a lack of technical progress, or even high cost. The problem, Hall writes, is that “cultural reaction and inflexible regulation have combined to hold back the normal flow of experimentation in high-power technology”. Will the public trust a self-piloted drone? How many heliports exist, and what do they charge per flight? How loud an air taxi group will residents of urban areas accept? These are all questions about the public’s attitudes, not the technical abilities. Even the range of the batteries or fuel cell systems in a flying car is, to a degree, socially determined: Government subsidies (补贴) for electric car batteries play a huge role in how those technologies develop, and how efficient they’re able to get. The good news is that the new range of flying cars promises to remove some of those tradeoffs (权衡). They can be quiet and carbon-free and piloted by AI systems less likely than humans to make stupid mistakes. We can choose that world by subsidizing it and clearing a regulatory (监管的) path for it. But the technology alone won’t create that world. We have to actively make it. 20．What can we know about the drone? A．It goes much faster than helicopters. B．It is the safest vehicle for passengers. C．It will be put into commercial use soon. D．It can’t replace helicopters or cars now. 21．Which factor influences the use of flying cars the most? A．Social factor. B．Economical factor. C．Technical factor. D．Environmental factor. 22．Why did the author ask the questions in paragraph 3? A．To show his puzzlement. B．To list various mysteries. C．To introduce a new theme. D．To make further discussion. 23．What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of the new drones? A．Doubtful. B．Concerned. C．Positive. D．Objective. （七） （山西省大同市第一中学忻州一中2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末联考英语试题） Human experts spend years roasting and tasting coffee from many places to learn about the beans. They might then combine (混合) a coffee bean from Africa with another one from South America to come up with a new blend (混合). But, a coffee roasting company in Helsinki, Finland is hoping that artificial intelligence, or AI, can help ease the workload. Kaffa Roastery recently brought out its “AI-conic” blend at the Helsinki Coffee Festival. The blend is a mixture of four kinds of beans, including Fazenda Pinhal from Brazil. It is the result of a joint project by Kaffa and Elev, a local AI business. Svante Hampf is the founder of Kaffa Roastery. He and his partners wanted to do an experiment to see what blend the computer would produce. “We basically gave descriptions of all our coffee types and their flavours to AI and instructed it to create a new exciting blend,” Hamp f said. The “AI-conic” blend combined beans from Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia and Guatemala. It is described as “a well-balanced blend of sweetness and ripe fruit”. Hampf said he thought the combination was “somewhat weird”. He was surprised that the AI programme chose to make the blend out of four different kinds of beans. Most humans choose only two or three beans. However, after the first blind test of the new blend, Kaffa’s coffee experts agreed that the AI-assisted blend was perfect. There was no need to change. Elev’s Antti Merilehto said “AI-conic” is an example of “how AI can introduce new viewpoint to experienced professionals”. The International Coffee Organization says that the 5.6 million people in Finland drink the most coffee per person in the world. And the roasters at Kaffa said they hope the AI project will help to bring more things to the strong coffee culture in the country. Hamp f called it a “first step”, adding, “I think AI has plenty to offer us in the long run. We are particularly impressed of the coffee taste descriptions it created.” 24．What is the function of Paragraph 1? A．To point out a problem. B．To present a finding. C．To introduce the topic. D．To call for a decision. 25．What can we learn about the “AI-conic” blend? A．It is now in mass production. B．It comes in a variety of fruit flavours. C．It is sweeter than other coffee. D．It combines beans from four countries. 26．What does the underlined word “weird” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Strange. B．Great. C．Ordinary. D．Strong. 27．What is the best title for the text? A．AI Robots Help Make Perfect Coffee B．A New Coffee Blend Wins People’s Love C．AI Tries Hand at Blending Coffee in Finland D．AI Projects Are Widely Used in Different Fields （八） （山西省大同市灵丘县豪洋中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题） Earth Day is a day set aside to remind people to protect our planet. Earth Day was first held on April 22, 1970. This year, the main idea of Earth Day is to get people to use less plastic. Plastic is so cheap, easy to make, and helpful that people use it all the time. People usually do not think about the plastic they use. Actually, most plastic is not recycled and 91% of plastic is thrown away. So where does all that plastic go? Sadly, much of the plastic ends up in the ocean. There are several large areas in the world's oceans which are filled with floating (漂浮的) rubbish. It is hard to measure the exact size of these areas, but they are huge. Scientists recently studied one of these areas, called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. The research shows the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is three times as large as the country of France. The plastic already in the ocean is a big problem. The plastic can hurt animals that live in the sea. It also breaks down into microplastics which can get into our drinking water and food, taking a big risk to our health. Many countries have tried to limit plastic bags, either by making them against the law or by making people pay for plastic bags. Making these changes often cuts plastic bag use by 70% or more. France, Rwanda, Kenya, and China are just a few examples of countries which have worked to end plastic. In other places in the world, including the UK, governments are thinking about making plastic straws (吸管) and other single-use plastic against the law. But no one has to wait for a new law to change what they do. The Earth Day group hopes that people make changes now, not just for Earth Day, but all year long. 28．What is a result of unrecycled plastic according to the text? A．The oceans worldwide are polluted. B．More landfill sites are badly needed. C．The price of paper straws increases. D．People will drop more plastic products. 29．The plastic that has broken down into microplastics will__________. A．reduce water pollution B．be good for sea animals C．be recycled more easily D．badly affect our health 30．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The difficulty of reusing plastic products. B．The efforts to address the issue of plastic. C．The solution to the problem of fast food. D．The rising cost of living in some countries. 31．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Origins of Wildlife B．Opinions on Ocean Plastics C．Let's Use Less Plastic D．Celebrate Earth Day Together （九） （山西省长治市2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） The climate crisis is causing many people to worry about the future. A study asked 10,000 young people from 10 countries how they felt, and nearly 60 percent said they were extremely worried about the future state of the planet. Published in The Lancet, the study also found that almost half of them felt painful every day, and 3/4 agreed that “the future is frightening”. This shows that climate change isn’t just bad for the environment but it’s also affecting our feelings a lot. Psychologists call the sadness, worry, and pain caused by the climate crisis as “eco-anxiety”. This is common among young people. Eco-anxiety will occur when you feel really upset or worried about climate changes. Climate scientists and those facing financial challenges because of climate change also feel eco-anxiety, not just young people. In 2024, eco-anxiety will rise to become one of the leading causes of mental health problems. The reasons are obvious. Scientists estimate that the world is likely to breach safe limits of temperature rise above pre-industrial levels for the first time by 2027. Things are getting worse due to the failure of poor actions in most countries worldwide. Luckily, feeling eco-anxiety can help us deal with the climate crisis. Caroline Hickman, a researcher at the University of Bath, says we shouldn’t see eco-anxiety as a sickness. It’s a natural reaction to what’s happening to the environment. Hickman thinks we should use eco-anxiety to encourage people to protect our planet. That’s why, in 2024, more people will fight for climate justice and seek eco-friendly jobs. Activists will push to stop using dirty coal, oil, and gas, putting pressure on governments to act. These industries not only cause climate problems but also harm our mental health. We can’t overcome (克服) eco-anxiety just by talking — we must take action. 32．What does the study suggest about the impact of climate change? A．It deeply affects people’s emotions. B．The future is not a source of concern. C．The environment is the only concern. D．It affects a small number of young people. 33．What is eco-anxiety according to the passage? A．A temporary emotion that fades away over time. B．A mental illness that requires medical treatment. C．A response to the dangerous changes in the climate system. D．A common feeling among scientists studying climate change. 34．What does the underlined word “breach” most probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Control. B．Break. C．Raise. D．Manage. 35．What action do activists aim to achieve in the last paragraph? A．Teaching people about being eco-friendly. B．Encouraging companies to be more green. C．Raising awareness about climate’s impact on mental health. D．Urging governments to take action to stop using coal, oil, and gas. （十） （山西省吕梁市2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） According to the World Meteorological Organization, July 2023 was the world’s warmest month on record. As heatwaves had spread across North America, Asia and Europe, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said in a speech that the planet is entering an “era of global boiling”. How to cool the planet has long been a troubling question for scientists. They are now turning to sun-blocking technology, which refers to reflecting sunlight back into space in order to keep down the temperature of the planet’s climate. According to Euronews, a European television news network, one idea involves pumping sun-blocking particles (粒子) into the upper atmosphere. The particles will then stay in the air and redirect sunshine back upwards. It is like applying sunscreen on the outside of Earth. Researchers at Yale University, US, outlined a plan to use 125 high-flying planes to spread the particles at latitudes (纬度) of 60 degrees north and south. The particles will then travel toward the poles, which could possibly cool the temperature there by 2℃. In the future, the planes could be used to refreeze the poles, said the researchers. Another very promising technique is called “cloud brightening”, according to Chris Sacca, a US climate expert. This method involves sending sea salt particles into clouds above the sea, making them whiter and thus reflect more sunlight back into space. In June, the US government announced in a report that it is now offering support for solar engineering research as a way to slow the rise of global temperatures. According to the report, the US government believes that the technology “offers the possibility of cooling the planet significantly on a timescale of a few years”. However, following the report, an open letter by more than 60 scientists called for caution and more research first. Kristen Rasmussen, a climate scientist at Colorado State University, US, has been studying how these sun-blocking methods will affect rainfall patterns. She said that apart from rainfall, ecosystems and even human communities will also be affected. “We need to be very cautious on this,” Rasmussen told Scientific American. 36．Which solution is used to deal with global warming? A．Blocking the sunlight coming from the sun. B．Using sunscreen on the surface of the Earth. C．Reflecting the sunlight back into the space. D．Applying advanced technology to weather control. 37．Which of the following does the writer agree with according to the text? A．The sea-salt particles will reflect the sunlight back into the planet. B．Both sun-blocking techniques are using the principles of light reflection. C．The sun-blocking particles will cool the temperature at the poles to 2℃. D．The US government believes that cloud brightening will work well this year. 38．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Cool Our Planet B．Era of Global Boiling C．Pumping Blocking Particles D．The Technique of Cloud Brightening 39．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A travel journal. B．A news report. C．A science magazine. D．A story collection. （十一） （山西省大同市浑源县山西省浑源中学2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） Two thirds of the ice in the glaciers (冰川) of the Alps is doomed! These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise, according to a recent study. Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4,000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions. After that, even if carbon emissions drop to zero, two-thirds of the ice will still have melted by 2100. If emissions continue to rise at the current rate, the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century. The most pessimistic prediction tells us that the Alps will be mostly ice-free by 2100. Only isolated ice patches would remain at high altitudes, representing five per cent, at most, of the ice volume seen today. The researchers warn that the loss of these glaciers will mean much less water is available for farming and hydroelectricity, especially during droughts. It would also affect nature and tourism. In February, a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia’s towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons. This will lead to serious consequences for almost two billion people who live downstream. Glaciers along the Hindu Kush and Himalayan range are at higher, colder altitudes. If global carbon emissions are not cut, however, two-thirds of their ice could be gone by 2100. The latest research combined computer models with real-world data to forecast the fate of the glaciers. It used 2017 as its starting point. Unlike previous work, these models included how the glaciers move down the mountains. Applying this approach to other glaciated mountain chains could improve ice loss forecasts there. Cutting the emissions from fossil-fuel burning, deforestation and other polluting activities is the biggest factor in minimizing the melting of the ice. The future of these glaciers is indeed at risk, but there is still a possibility of limiting their disappearance. 40．What does the underlined word “doomed” mean in paragraph 1? A．Polluted. B．Discovered. C．Endangered. D．Abandoned. 41．What can we infer from paragraph 2? A．Emissions have much to do with the ice melting. B．The Alps is expected to lose all its ice by 2100. C．Ice loss will be avoided with emissions prevented. D．Large ice pieces will just exist at the mountain top. 42．Why are the Asia’s ice fields mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To explain how glacier melting came about. B．To imply pollution is a worldwide problem. C．To show what consequences ice melting will cause. D．To indicate the Alps is not alone to face ice melting. 43．What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of glaciers? A．Objective. B．Optimistic. C．Critical. D．Doubtful. （十二） （山西省朔州市应县山西省应县第一中学校2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） When people think of Beijing, the hutong style always comes to mind. It is no exaggeration (夸张) to say within hutong lives the city’s history. The word “hutong” referred to a place where people live, which was borrowed from the Mongolian word to mean “water well” about 700 years ago. Hutong we see today are made up of small paths formed by walls of siheyuan. They were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. When the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, there were more than 3,000 hutong. Most of the city’s population lived in this traditional housing. But with the modernization of the city in the 1980s and early 1990s, many hutong were pulled down to build roads, skyscrapers and modern houses. The government has recognized the importance of hutong to Chinese cultural heritage. In 2002, Beijing listed 40 protected historical zones and increased its efforts to rebuild some key relics and older streets in the city. Nearly 500 hutong have survived. Hutong that still exist are like oases (绿洲) of calm in the noisy city. Walking through them, it’s common to see groups of elderly people sitting together playing cards, mahjong (麻将) or Chinese chess. In the early mornings and evenings, they gather to practice traditional forms of exercise such as Taijiquan as well as dancing and singing folk songs or Peking Opera. Hutong have become a museum of Beijing’s folk customs and history. 44．What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To add background information of hutong. B．To bring in the topic of the context. C．To stress the importance of hutong. D．To introduce the benefits of hutong. 45．What happened to hutong in Beijing in 2002? A．More hutong were built. B．Lots of hutong disappeared. C．Most hutong became historical zones. D．Some hutong were placed under protection. 46．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The future of hutong. B．The change of hutong. C．The beauty of hutong life. D．The history of hutong life. 47．What is the author’s attitude towards Hutong protection? A．Negative. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解之说明文 （一） （山西省大同市浑源县第七中学校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题） Like many children, young Lotte Reiniger was crazy about movies, which at the time were a completely new invention. She taught herself how to cut paper silhouettes (剪影), of people, animals, and objects. I could cut silhouettes almost as soon as I could manage to hold a pair of scissors,” Reiniger said. “I could paint, too, and read...But everybody was surprised at the scissor cuts” At first, Reiniger wanted to be an actress, but her skill at making silhouettes drew the attention of the German film industry. Before 1927, films were silent. To help the audience understand the film, title cards with printed text appeared during the film between scenes. Reiniger helped create title cards for films, using her silhouettes. In 1918, she was asked to provide stop-motion animation (定格动面), in which objects are photographed (拍摄)in a series of slightly different positions and then replayed at high speed so that the objects appear to move on their own, for wooden rats (老鼠)in the movie The Pied Piper of Hamelin. It was a breakthrough that led to her own films, first short films and then, in 1926, The Adventures of Prince Achmed, the first full-length animated film. Although Reiniger once described herself as “a primitive (原始的)caveman artist”, her work is not simple. She carefully cut bits of card, paper, and wire, creating wonderful shapes, and then made them move and dance by hand. The black shapes were then placed on colorful backgrounds. She made more than 60 films, around 40 of which survive, all cut by her own hands. Most were based on timeless fairy tales, like Cinderella and Sleeping Beauty. Reiniger was truly a pioneer both in animation and for women in film-making. Though her last film came out in 1980, her style is still influential and can often be seen in today’s films. 1．What do we know about Reiniger’s cuts? A．People silhouettes were her favorite. B．Painting and reading helped her cuts. C．She had a gift for cutting silhouettes. D．Movies excited her interest in silhouettes. 2．What did Reiniger do to help the audience understand the silent films? A．She replayed the film between scenes. B．She cut silhouettes for title cards in films. C．She broke up long films into shorter ones. D．She made photos of the objects in the film. 3．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Creating title cards for films. B．Making wooden rats for a film. C．Producing The Adventures of Prince Achmed. D．Bringing stop-motion animation into a film. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Reiniger? A．Gifted and generous. B．Creative and productive. C．Honest and self-confident. D．Traditional and hard-working. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【来源】山西省大同市浑源县第七中学校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了女导演及动画家Lotte Reiniger的人物故事。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“She taught herself how to cut paper silhouettes (剪影), of people, animals, and objects. “I could cut silhouettes almost as soon as I could manage to hold a pair of scissors,” Reiniger said. “I could paint, too, and read...But everybody was surprised at the scissor cuts”(她自学如何在纸上剪人物、动物和物体的剪影。“只要我能拿起剪刀，我就能剪出剪影，”Reiniger说。“我还会画画，还会读书……但每个人都对剪刀式的剪法感到惊讶。”)”可知，Reiniger从能抓剪刀开始就会剪影，从而推断出Reiniger具有剪影的天赋。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“To help the audience understand the film, title cards with printed text appeared during the film between scenes. Reiniger helped create title cards for films, using her silhouettes.(为了帮助观众理解这部电影，在电影的场景之间出现了印有文字的标题卡。Reiniger用她的剪影帮助制作电影的标题卡)”可知，Reiniger为电影中的标题卡剪影来帮助观众理解无声电影。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“In 1918, she was asked to provide stop-motion animation (定格动面), in which objects are photographed (拍摄)in a series of slightly different positions and then replayed at high speed so that the objects appear to move on their own, for wooden rats (老鼠)in the movie The Pied Piper of Hamelin. It was a breakthrough that led to her own films(1918年，她受邀为电影Pied Piper of Hamelin中的木鼠制作定格动画。在定格动画中，物体被拍摄到一系列略有不同的位置，然后高速回放，使物体看起来像在自己移动。正是这个突破导致她后来拍摄自己的电影)”可知，it代指上文提到的Reiniger把定格动面引进到电影中。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“Reiniger helped create title cards for films, using her silhouettes.(Reiniger用她的剪影帮助制作电影的标题卡)”和倒数第二段的“She made more than 60 films, around 40 of which survive, all cut by her own hands.(她拍摄了60多部电影，其中约40部留存下来，全部由她亲手剪辑)”推知，Reiniger是一位具有创造力和多产的导演。故选B。 （二） （山西省阳泉市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题） For the past three decades, Du Dengwen has been one of the few connections between residents (居民) in the depths of Huping Mountain and the outside world. His presence always brings joy to the mountain residents, because it means letters or parcels of huge mental or practical value are coming on their way. Du Dengwen joined the local post station in March 1990 and was immediately in charge of serving more than 5,000 residents in 13 villages in the woods. A round trip to cover all of the villages under his tasks ran about 180 km, and the only thing he could depend on before 2017 was a bicycle. Even so, only two villages were reached by cycling. The rest could only be entered over rough roads, upon which Du had to walk. “It took me 5 days a week on the road in the 1990s,” Du recalls. He had to climb sharp mountains, cross suspension (悬架) bridges and went through narrow and dangerous paths. Traveling in the mountains, Du often came across wild animals, such as foxes and bears. He would take cover and hide from them. The arduous trips saw Du wear out more than 110 pairs of shoes and more than 3,000 sticks. Based on his worksheets, Du had walked 130,000 km at work and his efforts have earned him the nickname “angel postman” among the locals. Du also cleaned a local nursing home, where more than 30 elderly people lived, during his newspaper delivery to the facility. In addition, he often bought cooking oil and rice for them. Du’s acts of kindness and generosity have earned the mountain villagers’ trust and respect. “It makes you stay and unwilling to give up and just leave.” Du says. As local life gets better, Du has something more to do now. He buys goods at the request of the villagers, such as rice and cooking oil. Although Du is on the home stretch of retirement, he says, “If villagers need me, I will keep delivering for them.” 5．What can we know about Du Dengwen? A．He got along well with the mountain residents. B．He was able to cover villages by using a bicycle. C．He offered medical assistance to remote villages. D．He was asked to work in post station after graduation. 6．What does the underlined word “arduous” mean in the third paragraph? A．Boring. B．Interesting. C．Challenging. D．Relaxing. 7．Why does Du stick to his post office job? A．It provides him with a high income. B．It gives him a sense of achievement. C．He is satisfied with the environment. D．He wants to be a famous postman. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 【来源】山西省阳泉市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虎坪山村邮递员的杜登文，尽管山路崎岖，他还是坚持送信和包裹，为山里的村民们带来远方家人的关心。杜的善良和奉献不仅赢得了山区村民的喜爱和尊重，也被湖南省政府评为“感动中国”模范人物。 5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In addition, he often bought cooking oil and rice for them. Du’s acts of kindness and generosity have earned the mountain villagers’ trust and respect.(此外，他还经常为他们买食用油和大米。杜的善举和慷慨大方赢得了村民们的信任和尊重)”可知，杜登文和山上的居民相处得很好。故选A。 6．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“He had to climb sharp mountains, cross suspension (悬架) bridges and went through narrow and dangerous paths. Traveling in the mountains, Du often came across wild animals, such as foxes and bears. He would take cover and hide from them.(他必须爬上陡峭的山峰，穿过悬索桥，穿过狭窄而危险的小路。在山里旅行时，杜经常遇到野生动物，如狐狸和熊。他会找地方躲避他们)”以及划线词后文“Du wear out more than 110 pairs of shoes and more than 3,000 sticks”可知，杜登文在山里会遇到各种危险，杜穿坏了110多双鞋和3000多根木棍，说明这段旅程是充满挑战的。故划线词意思是“挑战性的”。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““It makes you stay and unwilling to give up and just leave.” Du says.(“它让你留下，不愿放弃，不愿离开。”杜说。)”以及最后一段“Although Du is on the home stretch of retirement, he says, “If villagers need me, I will keep delivering for them.”(虽然杜即将退休，但他说：“如果村民需要我，我将继续为他们提供服务。”)”可知，杜登文坚持他的邮局工作是因为这给他一种成就感。故选B。 （三） （山西省临汾市洪洞县晋洪中学2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） Dragons, a famous imaginary beast born from fantasy, are often present in stories in the west and east. In both cultures, dragons are generally recognized as massive creatures capable of flight. They have great power and are often associated with magical abilities. However, due to their different cultural roots and images, there exist significant differences in the way dragons are regarded in the west and east, particularly in China. Chinese dragons most resemble snakes, and have four claws and no wings. They often have features of other animals, including carp, tigers, and eagles. In the contrast, Western dragons look like huge lizards with big claws and large bat-like wings, and are often shown with spines or rough scales. In traditional Chinese culture, a dragon is a symbol of luck, power and high status. They can cause weather changes and bring rainfall to the fields to ensure rich harvests. They are considered divine (神圣的) creatures, which hold an important position as the head of the four spirits. Therefore, to symbolize their power, ancient Chinese emperors decorated their clothes with dragon patterns. These clothes are known as dragon robes. Many Chinese view the dragon as a national symbol, proudly referring to themselves as “descendants of the dragon”. In the west, however, a dragon symbolizes an evil creature that spreads violence and terror throughout the land. They are believed to be transformed by the devil, with the ability to breathe fire or spit poison. Many western tales show dragons being defeated and killed to protect people from danger. Today, dragons continue to evolve, exceeding traditional boundaries and finding new significance in global culture. They are no longer associated with evil or good, but rather as complex characters with their own unique personalities and motivations. For example, Toothless from How to Train Your Dragon begins as a dangerous dragon but evolves into a misunderstood being with love and compassion. This challenges the idea of dragons as naturally evil, presenting them as complex beings with emotions and motivations. 8．What do western dragons and eastern dragons have in common? A．They have rough skin. B．They are huge and powerful. C．They are in the shape of snakes. D．They have big claws and wings. 9．What do we know from paragraph 3? A．Western dragons are a symbol of authority. B．Dragons in China can protect people from danger. C．Chinese dragons can control rainfall and breathe fire. D．Dragons are believed to cause chaos in western culture. 10．What is new about dragons in today’s global culture? A．They are regarded as adventurous creatures. B．They are closely associated with evil or good. C．They have more diverse emotions and personalities. D．They tend to represent human spirits facing challenges. 11．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Dragon Elements in Global Culture B．The Origin of Dragons in Chinese History C．The Magical Animals in Different Countries D．The Images of Dragons in Western Traditions 【答案】8．B 9．D 10．C 11．A 【来源】山西省临汾市洪洞县晋洪中学2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了龙在不同文化背景下所承载的寓意和形象差异，不仅介绍了龙在中西方文化中的传统形象和象征意义，还分析了随着全球文化的发展，龙的形象如何逐渐演变和丰富。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In both cultures, dragons are generally recognized as massive creatures capable of flight. They have great power and are often associated with magical abilities. (在这两种文化中，龙通常被认为是能够飞行的巨大生物。他们拥有强大的力量，通常与魔法能力联系在一起)”可知，在东西方文化中，龙都是能够飞行的巨大生物，拥有强大的力量，通常与魔法能力联系在一起。故选B。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the west, however, a dragon symbolizes an evil creature that spreads violence and terror throughout the land. They are believed to be transformed by the devil, with the ability to breathe fire or spit poison. Many western tales show dragons being defeated and killed to protect people from danger.(然而，在西方，龙象征着一种邪恶的生物，在整个土地上传播暴力和恐怖。他们被认为是被魔鬼改造的，有能力喷火或吐毒。许多西方故事都讲述了龙被打败和杀死以保护人们免受危险)”可知，在西方文化中，龙象征着一种邪恶的生物，在整个土地上传播暴力和恐怖，许多西方故事都讲述了龙被杀死以保护人类。由此推知，在西方文化中，龙被认为会引起混乱。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Today, dragons continue to evolve, exceeding traditional boundaries and finding new significance in global culture. They are no longer associated with evil or good, but rather as complex characters with their own unique personalities and motivations.(今天，龙继续进化，超越了传统的界限，在全球文化中找到了新的意义。他们不再与恶或善相关，而是具有自己独特个性和动机的复杂角色)”可知，在当今的全球文化中，龙不再与恶或善相关，而是具有自己独特个性和动机的复杂角色。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In both cultures, dragons are generally recognized as massive creatures capable of flight. They have great power and are often associated with magical abilities. However, due to their different cultural roots and images, there exist significant differences in the way dragons are regarded in the west and east, particularly in China.(在西方和东方的故事中都经常出现。在这两种文化中，龙通常被认为是能够飞行的巨大生物。他们拥有强大的力量，通常与魔法能力联系在一起。然而，由于它们不同的文化根源和形象，在西方和东方，特别是在中国，对龙的看法存在显著差异)”以及最后一段“Today, dragons continue to evolve, exceeding traditional boundaries and finding new significance in global culture. (今天，龙继续进化，超越了传统的界限，在全球文化中找到了新的意义)”再结合全文内容可知，文章主要探讨了龙这一虚构生物在不同文化中的形象和象征意义，并强调了随着全球文化的融合与发展，龙的形象和认知也在不断变化和丰富。文章不仅对比了中西方文化中龙的形象和寓意，还提到了现代文化中龙形象的演变和多样化。由此可知，标题应该能够反映文章的主题——龙在全球文化中的元素和变化。故选A。 （四） （山西省大同市浑源县第七中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题） When people talk about American popular music, they don’t just mean country music or rock music. There are two other types of popular music with national and international appeal that are basically American. One is jazz. The other is a musical form associated with New York City theaters. Jazz dates from African religious and folk music. The themes and songs of jazz music have historical origins. They come from songs sung by black Americans in church or at work. There have been different kinds of jazz music: bebop, ragtime, swing, boogie-woogie and others. In playing jazz music, the performers combine rhythms and songs with their skills of improvisation (即兴创作). Modern jazz music has developed into a complex musical style enjoyed more by musicians and older jazz lovers than by the general public. American theater has developed another American musical style. It is associated with a street in New York City, Broadway. Broadway musicals are dramatic productions in which the story is told partly by dialogue and partly through songs. The lyrics of these songs give background information about the story and express the feelings of the characters in the story. Many Broadway musicals have been made into movies that have been shown all over the world. Oklahoma, Sound of Music, My Fair Lady and West Side Story are some good examples. Songs from these musicals and others have translations in various languages that are sung around the world. Many of them have become popular with people who have not even seen the musicals for which they were written. 12．What does jazz belong to? A．Rock music. B．Country music. C．Traditional music. D．American popular music. 13．What can we learn about jazz from Paragraph 2? A．Its playing method. B．Its popularity. C．Its origin. D．Its historical position. 14．Which of the following best describes modern jazz music? A．It needs special skills to perform. B．It is not well received by ordinary people. C．It is welcomed only among musicians. D．It is popular with the general public. 15．The underlined word “them” in the last paragraph can be replaced by “______”. A．the songs B．the translations C．the musicals D．the languages 【答案】12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A 【来源】山西省大同市浑源县第七中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是美国的爵士乐和与纽约市剧院有关的音乐形式。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段的“There are two other types of popular music with national and international appeal that are basically American. One is jazz. The other is a musical form associated with New York City theaters.（还有另外两种类型的流行音乐在国内和国际上具有吸引力，基本上是美国的。一个是爵士乐。另一种是与纽约市剧院有关的音乐形式。）”可知，爵士乐属于美国流行音乐，故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Jazz dates from African religious and folk music. The themes and songs of jazz music have historical origins.（爵士乐起源于非洲宗教和民间音乐。爵士乐的主题和歌曲都有其历史渊源。）”可知，在第二段我们可以了解到爵士乐的起源，故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Modern jazz music has developed into a complex musical style enjoyed more by musicians and older jazz lovers than by the general public.（现代爵士乐已经发展成一种复杂的音乐风格，音乐家和年长的爵士乐爱好者比一般大众更喜欢这种音乐。）”可知，现代爵士乐是一种复杂的音乐风格，普通人并不太喜欢这种音乐。故选B。 15．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Songs from these musicals and others have translations in various languages that are sung around the world. Many of them have become popular with people who have not even seen the musicals for which they were written.（这些音乐剧和其他音乐剧的歌曲被翻译成不同的语言，在世界各地演唱。它们中的很多很受欢迎，即使人们甚至没有看到过这些歌曲的音乐剧）”和指代关系可知，代词them指代前一句中的主语“Songs from these musicals and others”。故选A。 （五） （山西省朔州市怀仁市大地学校高中部2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） Vanessa Burchill, a 12-year-old Dartmouth, N. S. girl, is growing and giving away hundreds of milkweed seedlings (马利筋草苗) so endangered monarch butterflies have somewhere safe to land. Her plan to save the monarch butterflies began about three years ago when her aunt showed her a chrysalis (茧) from her garden. She watched in wonder as a butterfly appeared and made its wings dry. She’s now given out about 1,000 milkweed seedlings to people in Halifax through her Downtown Dartmouth Monarch Project. Her first group of milkweed this spring went in a matter of hours. Monarch butterflies can’t survive without milkweed because it’s the only plant where they can lay their eggs. Burchill grows swamp milkweed. It is far less unruly (难以控制的) than common milkweed, its cousin. Common milkweed is considered a harmful weed in N.S. It is often killed by people with chemicals. This year, Burchill’s growing season began in February with seeds from the Mersey Tobeatic Research Institute. Anyone can message her on Facebook to pick up a pot (盆) of milkweed for free. Each pot has four small plants that people are encouraged to put in a sunny place in their gardens. “When the monarchs finally appear from the chrysalis they need to be able to dry out their wings in the sun and when the plant doesn’t have full sun they can’t do that,” Burchill said. Burchill has also started growing a butterfly garden in the park across the street from her house with the help of parents and neighbours. “We’re very proud of her and she’s quite focused,” said her dad Nick Burchill. “Hopefully, it will create a nice pathway for monarchs.” Burchill has only seen a handful of monarchs visit her yard and she’s still waiting to see a caterpillar on the milkweed. But she knows what she did is paying off when she sees the endangered butterflies visiting gardens she helps grow. 16．What encouraged Burchill to save the monarch butterflies? A．Her monarch project. B．Her aunt’s suggestion. C．Her research on the butterflies. D．Her experience in her aunt’s garden. 17．Why does Burchill plant swamp milkweed? A．It is becoming endangered. B．It widely grows in her hometown. C．It is much safer than common milkweed. D．It is recognised by the N.S. government. 18．What is the attitude of Burchill’s father towards her action? A．Uninterested. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. 19．Which of the following can best describe Burchill? A．Kind and helpful. B．Brave and honest. C．Strict and creative. D．Careful and easygoing. 【答案】16．D 17．C 18．B 19．A 【来源】山西省朔州市怀仁市大地学校高中部2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了12岁的女孩Vanessa Burchill正在种植并送出数百株马利筋，这样濒临灭绝的帝王蝶就有了安全的降落之地。文章还介绍了她拯救帝王蝶的经过以及取得的成就。 16．细节理解题。根据第一段“Her plan to save the monarch butterflies began about three years ago when her aunt showed her a chrysalis from her garden. She watched in wonder as a butterfly appeared and made its wings dry.(她拯救帝王蝶的计划始于大约三年前，当时她的姑姑给她看了花园里的一只蝶蛹。她惊奇地看到一只蝴蝶出现了，它擦干了翅膀)”可知，在姑姑花园的经历促使Burchill去拯救帝王蝶。故选D。 17．推理判断题。根据第三段“Burchill grows wetland milkweed. It is far less controllable than common milkweed, its cousin. Common milkweed is considered a harmful weed in U.S. It is often killed by people with chemicals.(Burchill种植湿地马利筋。它远不如普通的马利筋(马利筋的表亲)可控。普通马利筋在美国被认为是一种有害的杂草，它经常被人用化学物质杀死)”可知，Burchill要种植湿地马利筋是因为它比普通马利筋安全得多。故选C。 18．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““We’re very proud of her and she’s quite focused,” said her dad, Nick Burchill. ‘‘Hopefully, it will create a nice pathway for monarchs.”(“我们为她感到骄傲，她很专注，”她的父亲Nick Burchill说。“希望这将为帝王蝶创造一条良好的道路。”) ”可推知，Burchill的父亲对她的行为持支持态度。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据第一段“She watched in wonder as a butterfly appeared and made its wings dry.(她惊奇地看到一只蝴蝶出现了，它擦干了翅膀)”说明Burchill很善良。文章第五段讲到“Anyone can message her on Facebook to pick up a pot (盆) of milkweed for free. Each pot has four small plants that people are encouraged to put in a sunny place in their gardens. (任何人都可以在脸书上给她发信息免费获得一盆马利筋草。每个花盆有四种小植物，鼓励人们把它们放在花园里阳光充足的地方。)”可知，Burchill乐于助人。因此Burchill善良且乐于助人。故选A。 （六） （山西省运城市2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） On December 28, 2023, a Chinese company reached an important milestone. It flew a completely unmanned, autonomous spassenger drone on its first commercial flight in Guangzhou. Before you get too excited, here come the details. The drone has a range of only 22 miles and a top speed of only 81 mph. The drone is certainly quieter and greener, and may prove to be safer, but we’re a long way from phasing out (逐步淘汰) ordinary helicopters, let alone seeing cars get replaced with little drones. Still, I’m happy to see the little guy flying around Guangzhou. It serves as a reminder that some of the biggest questions about the future aren’t about what’s technologically practicable or economically practicable, so much as what’s socially practicable. J. Storrs Hall, a technologist, insists the main barrier between us and flying cars has not been a lack of technical progress, or even high cost. The problem, Hall writes, is that “cultural reaction and inflexible regulation have combined to hold back the normal flow of experimentation in high-power technology”. Will the public trust a self-piloted drone? How many heliports exist, and what do they charge per flight? How loud an air taxi group will residents of urban areas accept? These are all questions about the public’s attitudes, not the technical abilities. Even the range of the batteries or fuel cell systems in a flying car is, to a degree, socially determined: Government subsidies (补贴) for electric car batteries play a huge role in how those technologies develop, and how efficient they’re able to get. The good news is that the new range of flying cars promises to remove some of those tradeoffs (权衡). They can be quiet and carbon-free and piloted by AI systems less likely than humans to make stupid mistakes. We can choose that world by subsidizing it and clearing a regulatory (监管的) path for it. But the technology alone won’t create that world. We have to actively make it. 20．What can we know about the drone? A．It goes much faster than helicopters. B．It is the safest vehicle for passengers. C．It will be put into commercial use soon. D．It can’t replace helicopters or cars now. 21．Which factor influences the use of flying cars the most? A．Social factor. B．Economical factor. C．Technical factor. D．Environmental factor. 22．Why did the author ask the questions in paragraph 3? A．To show his puzzlement. B．To list various mysteries. C．To introduce a new theme. D．To make further discussion. 23．What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of the new drones? A．Doubtful. B．Concerned. C．Positive. D．Objective. 【答案】20．D 21．A 22．D 23．C 【来源】山西省运城市2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人机的优点以及面临的问题。 20．细节理解题。根据第一段“The drone is certainly quieter and greener, and may prove to be safer, but we’re a long way from phasing out (逐步淘汰) ordinary helicopters, let alone seeing cars get replaced with little drones.(无人机当然更安静、更环保，而且可能被证明更安全，但我们离逐步淘汰普通直升机还有很长的路要走，更不用说看到汽车被小型无人机取代了)”可知，无人机现在还不能取代直升机和汽车。故选D。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“It serves as a reminder that some of the biggest questions about the future aren’t about what’s technologically practicable or economically practicable, so much as what’s socially practicable.(它提醒我们，关于未来的一些最大问题不是技术上可行或经济上可行，而是社会上可行)”可知，社会因素对飞行汽车的使用影响最大。故选A。 22．推理判断题。根据第三段“Will the public trust a self-piloted drone? How many heliports exist, and what do they charge per flight? How loud an air taxi group will residents of urban areas accept? These are all questions about the public’s attitudes, not the technical abilities. Even the range of the batteries or fuel cell systems in a flying car is, to a degree, socially determined: Government subsidies (补贴) for electric car batteries play a huge role in how those technologies develop, and how efficient they’re able to get.(公众会信任自动驾驶的无人机吗?有多少个直升机场，每次飞行收费多少？城市居民能接受多大声的空中出租车？这些都是公众态度的问题，而不是技术能力的问题。甚至飞行汽车的电池或燃料电池系统的范围在一定程度上也是由社会决定的：政府对电动汽车电池的补贴在这些技术的发展以及它们的效率方面发挥着巨大作用)”可知，作者提出第3段中的问题是为了进行进一步讨论。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They can be quiet and carbon-free and piloted by AI systems less likely than humans to make stupid mistakes.(它们可以安静、无碳，由人工智能系统驾驶，比人类更不可能犯愚蠢的错误)”可知，作者对新型无人机的未来是积极态度。故选C。 （七） （山西省大同市第一中学忻州一中2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末联考英语试题） Human experts spend years roasting and tasting coffee from many places to learn about the beans. They might then combine (混合) a coffee bean from Africa with another one from South America to come up with a new blend (混合). But, a coffee roasting company in Helsinki, Finland is hoping that artificial intelligence, or AI, can help ease the workload. Kaffa Roastery recently brought out its “AI-conic” blend at the Helsinki Coffee Festival. The blend is a mixture of four kinds of beans, including Fazenda Pinhal from Brazil. It is the result of a joint project by Kaffa and Elev, a local AI business. Svante Hampf is the founder of Kaffa Roastery. He and his partners wanted to do an experiment to see what blend the computer would produce. “We basically gave descriptions of all our coffee types and their flavours to AI and instructed it to create a new exciting blend,” Hamp f said. The “AI-conic” blend combined beans from Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia and Guatemala. It is described as “a well-balanced blend of sweetness and ripe fruit”. Hampf said he thought the combination was “somewhat weird”. He was surprised that the AI programme chose to make the blend out of four different kinds of beans. Most humans choose only two or three beans. However, after the first blind test of the new blend, Kaffa’s coffee experts agreed that the AI-assisted blend was perfect. There was no need to change. Elev’s Antti Merilehto said “AI-conic” is an example of “how AI can introduce new viewpoint to experienced professionals”. The International Coffee Organization says that the 5.6 million people in Finland drink the most coffee per person in the world. And the roasters at Kaffa said they hope the AI project will help to bring more things to the strong coffee culture in the country. Hamp f called it a “first step”, adding, “I think AI has plenty to offer us in the long run. We are particularly impressed of the coffee taste descriptions it created.” 24．What is the function of Paragraph 1? A．To point out a problem. B．To present a finding. C．To introduce the topic. D．To call for a decision. 25．What can we learn about the “AI-conic” blend? A．It is now in mass production. B．It comes in a variety of fruit flavours. C．It is sweeter than other coffee. D．It combines beans from four countries. 26．What does the underlined word “weird” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Strange. B．Great. C．Ordinary. D．Strong. 27．What is the best title for the text? A．AI Robots Help Make Perfect Coffee B．A New Coffee Blend Wins People’s Love C．AI Tries Hand at Blending Coffee in Finland D．AI Projects Are Widely Used in Different Fields 【答案】24．C 25．D 26．A 27．C 【来源】山西省大同市第一中学忻州一中2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末联考英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了芬兰赫尔辛基的Kaffa Roastery咖啡烘焙公司与当地的AI公司Elev合作，利用人工智能创造出一种新的咖啡混合物“AI-conic”。 24．推理判断题。根据第一段“Human experts spend years roasting and tasting coffee from many places to learn about the beans. They might then combine (混合) a coffee bean from Africa with another one from South America to come up with a new blend (混合). But, a coffee roasting company in Helsinki, Finland is hoping that artificial intelligence, or AI, can help ease the workload.(人类专家花费数年时间从许多地方烘焙和品尝咖啡，以了解咖啡豆。然后，他们可能会将一种来自非洲的咖啡豆与另一种来自南美的咖啡豆混合在一起，从而得到一种新的混合物。但是，芬兰赫尔辛基的一家咖啡烘焙公司希望人工智能(AI)可以帮助他们减轻工作量)”以及下文讲述人工智能混合咖啡豆可知，本段主要是引出主题——将人工智能应用于咖啡烘焙，故选C。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The ‘AI-conic’ blend combined beans from Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia and Guatemala.(这种‘AI-conic’混合了来自巴西、哥伦比亚、埃塞俄比亚和危地马拉的咖啡豆)”可知，AI-conic结合了来自四个国家的咖啡豆。故选D。 26．词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“He was surprised that the AI programme chose to make the blend out of four different kinds of beans. Most humans choose only two or three beans. However, after the first blind test of the new blend, Kaffa’s coffee experts agreed that the AI-assisted blend was perfect.(令他惊讶的是，人工智能程序选择用四种不同的咖啡豆进行混合。大多数人只选择两到三颗豆子。然而，在对新配方进行首次盲测后，Kaffa的咖啡专家一致认为，人工智能辅助的配方是完美的)”可知，与人类不同，人工智能程序选择用四种不同的咖啡豆进行混合，经过测试后专家一致认为人工智能辅助的配方是完美的，结合下文关键词“surprised”和“However”可知，一开始Hampf认为人工智能辅助的配方有点奇怪，weird意为“奇怪的”，故选A。 27．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“The blend is a mixture of four kinds of beans, including Fazenda Pinhal from Brazil. It is the result of a joint project by Kaffa and Elev, a local AI business.(这种混合物由四种咖啡豆混合而成，其中包括来自巴西的Fazenda Pinhal。这是Kaffa和当地人工智能企业Elev联合项目的成果)”和最后一段中“I think AI has plenty to offer us in the long run. We are particularly impressed of the coffee taste descriptions it created.(我认为从长远来看，人工智能可以为我们提供很多东西。我们对它创造的咖啡味道描述印象特别深刻)”可知，文章主要讲述了芬兰赫尔辛基的Kaffa Roastery咖啡烘焙公司与当地的AI公司Elev合作，利用人工智能创造出一种新的咖啡混合物“AI-conic”。C项“AI在芬兰尝试混合咖啡”为最佳标题，故选C。 （八） （山西省大同市灵丘县豪洋中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题） Earth Day is a day set aside to remind people to protect our planet. Earth Day was first held on April 22, 1970. This year, the main idea of Earth Day is to get people to use less plastic. Plastic is so cheap, easy to make, and helpful that people use it all the time. People usually do not think about the plastic they use. Actually, most plastic is not recycled and 91% of plastic is thrown away. So where does all that plastic go? Sadly, much of the plastic ends up in the ocean. There are several large areas in the world's oceans which are filled with floating (漂浮的) rubbish. It is hard to measure the exact size of these areas, but they are huge. Scientists recently studied one of these areas, called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. The research shows the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is three times as large as the country of France. The plastic already in the ocean is a big problem. The plastic can hurt animals that live in the sea. It also breaks down into microplastics which can get into our drinking water and food, taking a big risk to our health. Many countries have tried to limit plastic bags, either by making them against the law or by making people pay for plastic bags. Making these changes often cuts plastic bag use by 70% or more. France, Rwanda, Kenya, and China are just a few examples of countries which have worked to end plastic. In other places in the world, including the UK, governments are thinking about making plastic straws (吸管) and other single-use plastic against the law. But no one has to wait for a new law to change what they do. The Earth Day group hopes that people make changes now, not just for Earth Day, but all year long. 28．What is a result of unrecycled plastic according to the text? A．The oceans worldwide are polluted. B．More landfill sites are badly needed. C．The price of paper straws increases. D．People will drop more plastic products. 29．The plastic that has broken down into microplastics will__________. A．reduce water pollution B．be good for sea animals C．be recycled more easily D．badly affect our health 30．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The difficulty of reusing plastic products. B．The efforts to address the issue of plastic. C．The solution to the problem of fast food. D．The rising cost of living in some countries. 31．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Origins of Wildlife B．Opinions on Ocean Plastics C．Let's Use Less Plastic D．Celebrate Earth Day Together 【答案】28．A 29．D 30．B 31．C 【来源】山西省大同市灵丘县豪洋中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了今年地球日的主题，呼吁人们减少使用塑料制品， 28．细节理解题。 根据第三段“Sadly, much of the plastic ends up in the ocean. There are several large areas in the world's oceans which are filled with floating(漂浮的)rubbish. (不幸的是,大部分的塑料最终在海洋中结束。世界上有几个大的地区,到处都是漂浮的垃圾)”可知,丢弃的塑料会污染海洋环境。故选A。 29．细节理解题。 根据第四段“It also breaks down into microplastics which can get into our drinking water and food, taking a big risk to our health.( 它还会分解成微塑料，进入我们的饮用水和食物中，对我们的健康构成很大的威胁)”可知，分化的微塑料会严重影响我们的健康。故选D。 30．主旨大意题。通读第五段尤其是“Many countries have tried to limit plastic bags, either by making them against the law or by making people pay for plastic bags. Making these changes often cuts plastic bag use by 70% or more. France, Rwanda, Kenya, and China are just a few examples of countries which have worked to end plastic. In other places in the world, including the UK, governments are thinking about making plastic straws(吸管)and other single-use plastic against the law.( 许多国家都试图限制塑料袋，要么将其定为违法行为，要么让人们为塑料袋付费。做出这些改变通常可以减少70%甚至更多的塑料袋使用量。法国、卢旺达、肯尼亚和中国只是一些致力于终结塑料的国家的例子。在包括英国在内的世界其他地方，政府正在考虑制造塑料吸管和其他一次性塑料违法)”可知,本段主要介绍很多国家为治理塑料问题所做出的努力。故选B。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段“This year, the main idea of Earth Day is to get people to use less plastic.(今年,地球日的主要想法是让人们使用更少的塑料)”可知，本文主要介绍了今年地球日的主题,呼吁人们减少使用塑料制品。因此推断C项“让我们少用塑料”为最佳标题。故选C。 （九） （山西省长治市2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） The climate crisis is causing many people to worry about the future. A study asked 10,000 young people from 10 countries how they felt, and nearly 60 percent said they were extremely worried about the future state of the planet. Published in The Lancet, the study also found that almost half of them felt painful every day, and 3/4 agreed that “the future is frightening”. This shows that climate change isn’t just bad for the environment but it’s also affecting our feelings a lot. Psychologists call the sadness, worry, and pain caused by the climate crisis as “eco-anxiety”. This is common among young people. Eco-anxiety will occur when you feel really upset or worried about climate changes. Climate scientists and those facing financial challenges because of climate change also feel eco-anxiety, not just young people. In 2024, eco-anxiety will rise to become one of the leading causes of mental health problems. The reasons are obvious. Scientists estimate that the world is likely to breach safe limits of temperature rise above pre-industrial levels for the first time by 2027. Things are getting worse due to the failure of poor actions in most countries worldwide. Luckily, feeling eco-anxiety can help us deal with the climate crisis. Caroline Hickman, a researcher at the University of Bath, says we shouldn’t see eco-anxiety as a sickness. It’s a natural reaction to what’s happening to the environment. Hickman thinks we should use eco-anxiety to encourage people to protect our planet. That’s why, in 2024, more people will fight for climate justice and seek eco-friendly jobs. Activists will push to stop using dirty coal, oil, and gas, putting pressure on governments to act. These industries not only cause climate problems but also harm our mental health. We can’t overcome (克服) eco-anxiety just by talking — we must take action. 32．What does the study suggest about the impact of climate change? A．It deeply affects people’s emotions. B．The future is not a source of concern. C．The environment is the only concern. D．It affects a small number of young people. 33．What is eco-anxiety according to the passage? A．A temporary emotion that fades away over time. B．A mental illness that requires medical treatment. C．A response to the dangerous changes in the climate system. D．A common feeling among scientists studying climate change. 34．What does the underlined word “breach” most probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Control. B．Break. C．Raise. D．Manage. 35．What action do activists aim to achieve in the last paragraph? A．Teaching people about being eco-friendly. B．Encouraging companies to be more green. C．Raising awareness about climate’s impact on mental health. D．Urging governments to take action to stop using coal, oil, and gas. 【答案】32．A 33．C 34．B 35．D 【来源】山西省长治市2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了气候变化不仅威胁我们所居住的环境，也对我们的情绪产生了威胁，即，因气候变化而出现的情绪焦虑现象。幸运的是，感受到生态焦虑可以帮助我们应对气候危机，而应对气候危机是需要真正的共同的采取实际行动的。 32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容“A study asked 10,000 young people from 10 countries how they felt, and nearly 60 percent said they were extremely worried about the future state of the planet. Published in The Lancet, the study also found that almost half of them felt painful every day, and 3/4 agreed that ‘the future is frightening’.(一项研究询问了来自10个国家的1万名年轻人的感受，近60%的人表示他们非常担心地球的未来状况。这项发表在《The Lancet》杂志上的研究还发现，几乎一半的人每天都感到痛苦，四分之三的人认为“未来是可怕的”。)”可知，这项研究发现气候变化使得年轻人非常担心地球的未来状况，从而导致他们出现了“痛苦，恐惧，害怕”等情绪。由此可推知，这项研究表明气候变化深深影响了人们的情绪。故选A项。 33．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Eco-anxiety will occur when you feel really upset or worried about climate changes. (当你对气候变化感到非常不安或担心时，就会出现生态焦虑。)”可知，当对气候变化感到非常不安或担心时，就会有生态焦虑，由此可推知，生态焦虑是一种对于气候出现危机变化的情绪反应。故选C项。 34．词义猜测题。根据后文“Things are getting worse due to the failure of poor actions in most countries worldwide.(由于世界上大多数国家行动不力，情况越来越糟。)”可知，气候变化的情况正变得越来越糟糕，同时结合常识“全球气温在升高”可推知，“breach safe limits of temperature rise above pre-industrial levels”应是表达“高过工业化前水平的温升安全限值”含义，那么“breach”有“超过，高过，突破”含义，与选项B“Break.(打破，突破。)”含义一致。故选B项。 35．细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“Activists will push to stop using dirty coal, oil, and gas, putting pressure on governments to act.(施压给政府，要求他们采取行动，积极分子将推动停止使用污染严重的煤炭、石油和天然气。)”可知，积极分子的目标是通过施压给政府以推进其采取行动，停止使用煤炭、石油和天然气。故选D项。 （十） （山西省吕梁市2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） According to the World Meteorological Organization, July 2023 was the world’s warmest month on record. As heatwaves had spread across North America, Asia and Europe, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said in a speech that the planet is entering an “era of global boiling”. How to cool the planet has long been a troubling question for scientists. They are now turning to sun-blocking technology, which refers to reflecting sunlight back into space in order to keep down the temperature of the planet’s climate. According to Euronews, a European television news network, one idea involves pumping sun-blocking particles (粒子) into the upper atmosphere. The particles will then stay in the air and redirect sunshine back upwards. It is like applying sunscreen on the outside of Earth. Researchers at Yale University, US, outlined a plan to use 125 high-flying planes to spread the particles at latitudes (纬度) of 60 degrees north and south. The particles will then travel toward the poles, which could possibly cool the temperature there by 2℃. In the future, the planes could be used to refreeze the poles, said the researchers. Another very promising technique is called “cloud brightening”, according to Chris Sacca, a US climate expert. This method involves sending sea salt particles into clouds above the sea, making them whiter and thus reflect more sunlight back into space. In June, the US government announced in a report that it is now offering support for solar engineering research as a way to slow the rise of global temperatures. According to the report, the US government believes that the technology “offers the possibility of cooling the planet significantly on a timescale of a few years”. However, following the report, an open letter by more than 60 scientists called for caution and more research first. Kristen Rasmussen, a climate scientist at Colorado State University, US, has been studying how these sun-blocking methods will affect rainfall patterns. She said that apart from rainfall, ecosystems and even human communities will also be affected. “We need to be very cautious on this,” Rasmussen told Scientific American. 36．Which solution is used to deal with global warming? A．Blocking the sunlight coming from the sun. B．Using sunscreen on the surface of the Earth. C．Reflecting the sunlight back into the space. D．Applying advanced technology to weather control. 37．Which of the following does the writer agree with according to the text? A．The sea-salt particles will reflect the sunlight back into the planet. B．Both sun-blocking techniques are using the principles of light reflection. C．The sun-blocking particles will cool the temperature at the poles to 2℃. D．The US government believes that cloud brightening will work well this year. 38．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Cool Our Planet B．Era of Global Boiling C．Pumping Blocking Particles D．The Technique of Cloud Brightening 39．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A travel journal. B．A news report. C．A science magazine. D．A story collection. 【答案】36．C 37．B 38．A 39．C 【来源】山西省吕梁市2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应对全球变暖的方法——使用遮阳技术，将阳光反射回太空，以降低地球气候的温度。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段中“They are now turning to sun-blocking technology, which refers to reflecting sunlight back into space in order to keep down the temperature of the planet’s climate. (他们现在转向了太阳阻挡技术，这是指将阳光反射回太空，以降低地球气候的温度)”可知，将阳光反射回太空的解决方案将用于应对全球变暖。故选C项。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to Euronews, a European television news network, one idea involves pumping sun-blocking particles (粒子) into the upper atmosphere. The particles will then stay in the air and redirect sunshine back upwards.(据欧洲电视新闻网Euronews报道，其中一个想法是将阻挡太阳的粒子注入高层大气。这些微粒将停留在空气中，使阳光重新向上反射)”和第三段中“Another very promising technique is called “cloud brightening”, according to Chris Sacca, a US climate expert. This method involves sending sea salt particles into clouds above the sea, making them whiter and thus reflect more sunlight back into space. (美国气候专家Chris Sacca表示，另一种非常有前景的技术被称为“云增亮”。这种方法包括将海盐颗粒送入海上的云层，使其变白，从而将更多的阳光反射回太空)”可知，两种阻挡太阳的技术都是利用光反射的原理。故选B项。 38．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“How to cool the planet has long been a troubling question for scientists. They are now turning to sun-blocking technology, which refers to reflecting sunlight back into space in order to keep down the temperature of the planet’s climate. (如何给地球降温一直是困扰科学家的一个问题。他们现在转向了太阳阻挡技术，这是指将阳光反射回太空，以降低地球气候的温度)”可知，本文主要介绍了应对全球变暖的方法——使用遮阳技术，将阳光反射回太空，以降低地球气候的温度。由此可知，A“给地球降温”适合作本文标题。故选A项。 39．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“How to cool the planet has long been a troubling question for scientists. They are now turning to sun-blocking technology, which refers to reflecting sunlight back into space in order to keep down the temperature of the planet’s climate. (如何给地球降温一直是困扰科学家的一个问题。他们现在转向了太阳阻挡技术，这是指将阳光反射回太空，以降低地球气候的温度)”可知，本文主要介绍了科学家应对全球变暖的科学方法，属于科学技术，其中引用了某些新闻报道。由此推知，本文应来自一本科学杂志。故选C项。 （十一） （山西省大同市浑源县山西省浑源中学2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） Two thirds of the ice in the glaciers (冰川) of the Alps is doomed! These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise, according to a recent study. Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4,000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions. After that, even if carbon emissions drop to zero, two-thirds of the ice will still have melted by 2100. If emissions continue to rise at the current rate, the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century. The most pessimistic prediction tells us that the Alps will be mostly ice-free by 2100. Only isolated ice patches would remain at high altitudes, representing five per cent, at most, of the ice volume seen today. The researchers warn that the loss of these glaciers will mean much less water is available for farming and hydroelectricity, especially during droughts. It would also affect nature and tourism. In February, a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia’s towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons. This will lead to serious consequences for almost two billion people who live downstream. Glaciers along the Hindu Kush and Himalayan range are at higher, colder altitudes. If global carbon emissions are not cut, however, two-thirds of their ice could be gone by 2100. The latest research combined computer models with real-world data to forecast the fate of the glaciers. It used 2017 as its starting point. Unlike previous work, these models included how the glaciers move down the mountains. Applying this approach to other glaciated mountain chains could improve ice loss forecasts there. Cutting the emissions from fossil-fuel burning, deforestation and other polluting activities is the biggest factor in minimizing the melting of the ice. The future of these glaciers is indeed at risk, but there is still a possibility of limiting their disappearance. 40．What does the underlined word “doomed” mean in paragraph 1? A．Polluted. B．Discovered. C．Endangered. D．Abandoned. 41．What can we infer from paragraph 2? A．Emissions have much to do with the ice melting. B．The Alps is expected to lose all its ice by 2100. C．Ice loss will be avoided with emissions prevented. D．Large ice pieces will just exist at the mountain top. 42．Why are the Asia’s ice fields mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To explain how glacier melting came about. B．To imply pollution is a worldwide problem. C．To show what consequences ice melting will cause. D．To indicate the Alps is not alone to face ice melting. 43．What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of glaciers? A．Objective. B．Optimistic. C．Critical. D．Doubtful. 【答案】40．C 41．A 42．D 43．A 【来源】山西省大同市浑源县山西省浑源中学2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿尔卑斯山和亚洲的冰川面临严重威胁，可能在本世纪末融化，文中分析了其原因，同时也提出了解决问题的思路。 40．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise, according to a recent study. (根据最近的一项研究，随着全球气温的上升，这些冰川将在本世纪末融化)”可知，冰川将在本世纪末融化，由此推知，划线词所在句中的“阿尔卑斯山的冰川”也面临同样的威胁，结合选项可知，划线词doomed与endangered同义，意为“有危险的”。故选C项。 41．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4,000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions. After that, even if carbon emissions drop to zero, two-thirds of the ice will still have melted by 2100. If emissions continue to rise at the current rate, the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century.(科学家们预测，到2050年，由于全球变暖，由于过去排放的影响，阿尔卑斯山4000多座冰川中一半的冰将消失。在那之后，即使碳排放降至零，到2100年仍会有三分之二的冰融化。如果排放量继续以目前的速度增长，到本世纪末，这些冰舌将几乎从阿尔卑斯山谷中消失)”可推知，碳排放与冰融化有很大关系。故选A项。 42．推理判断题。根据第四段中“In February, a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia’s towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons.(今年2月，一项研究发现，由于同样的原因，亚洲高耸山脉中三分之一的巨大冰原也面临威胁)”可推知，第四段提到亚洲的冰原是为了表明阿尔卑斯山并不是唯一面临冰融化的地方。故选D项。 43．推理判断题。通读全文，并结合文章最后一段“Cutting the emissions from fossil-fuel burning, deforestation and other polluting activities is the biggest factor in minimizing the melting of the ice. The future of these glaciers is indeed at risk, but there is still a possibility of limiting their disappearance.(减少化石燃料燃烧、森林砍伐和其他污染活动的排放是最大限度地减少冰融化的最大因素。这些冰川的未来确实处于危险之中，但仍然有可能限制它们的消失)”可知，文中作者表达了对碳排放造成冰川融化的担忧，但同时也提出改变这一情况的可能，所以作者认为冰川的未来取决于人类自身，对冰川的未来持客观的态度。故选A项。 （十二） （山西省朔州市应县山西省应县第一中学校2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题） When people think of Beijing, the hutong style always comes to mind. It is no exaggeration (夸张) to say within hutong lives the city’s history. The word “hutong” referred to a place where people live, which was borrowed from the Mongolian word to mean “water well” about 700 years ago. Hutong we see today are made up of small paths formed by walls of siheyuan. They were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. When the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, there were more than 3,000 hutong. Most of the city’s population lived in this traditional housing. But with the modernization of the city in the 1980s and early 1990s, many hutong were pulled down to build roads, skyscrapers and modern houses. The government has recognized the importance of hutong to Chinese cultural heritage. In 2002, Beijing listed 40 protected historical zones and increased its efforts to rebuild some key relics and older streets in the city. Nearly 500 hutong have survived. Hutong that still exist are like oases (绿洲) of calm in the noisy city. Walking through them, it’s common to see groups of elderly people sitting together playing cards, mahjong (麻将) or Chinese chess. In the early mornings and evenings, they gather to practice traditional forms of exercise such as Taijiquan as well as dancing and singing folk songs or Peking Opera. Hutong have become a museum of Beijing’s folk customs and history. 44．What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To add background information of hutong. B．To bring in the topic of the context. C．To stress the importance of hutong. D．To introduce the benefits of hutong. 45．What happened to hutong in Beijing in 2002? A．More hutong were built. B．Lots of hutong disappeared. C．Most hutong became historical zones. D．Some hutong were placed under protection. 46．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The future of hutong. B．The change of hutong. C．The beauty of hutong life. D．The history of hutong life. 47．What is the author’s attitude towards Hutong protection? A．Negative. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 【答案】44．A 45．D 46．C 47．C 【来源】山西省朔州市应县山西省应县第一中学校2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了“胡同”的历史及现状。 44．推理判断题。根据第二段“The word “hutong” referred to a place where people live, which was borrowed from the Mongolian word to mean “water well” about 700 years ago. Hutong we see today are made up of small paths formed by walls of siheyuan. They were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.(“胡同”一词指的是人们居住的地方，大约700年前，这个词是从蒙古语中借来的，意思是“水井”。我们今天看到的胡同是由四合院的城墙形成的小路组成的。它们建于元、明、清三朝)”可知，第二段主要介绍了一些胡同的背景信息。由此推知，本段的目的是增加胡同的背景信息。故选A。 45．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In 2002, Beijing listed 40 protected historical zones and increased its efforts to rebuild some key relics and older streets in the city. Nearly 500 hutong have survived.(2002年，北京列出了40个历史保护区域，并加大了对一些重要文物和城市老街道的重建力度。近500条胡同幸存了下来)”可知，北京的一些胡同在2002年被列为保护对象。故选D。 46．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Hutong that still exist are like oases (绿洲) of calm in the noisy city. Walking through them, it’s common to see groups of elderly people sitting together playing cards, mahjong (麻将) or Chinese chess. In the early mornings and evenings, they gather to practice traditional forms of exercise such as Taijiquan as well as dancing and singing folk songs or Peking Opera. Hutong have become a museum of Beijing’s folk customs and history.(仍然存在的胡同就像喧嚣城市中的宁静绿洲。走在里面，经常能看到一群群老人坐在一起打牌、打麻将或下象棋。在清晨和傍晚，他们聚在一起练习传统的运动形式，如太极拳，以及舞蹈和唱民歌或京剧。胡同已经成为北京民俗和历史的博物馆)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了胡同里美丽的生活景象。故选C。 47．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It is no exaggeration (夸张) to say within hutong lives the city’s history.(毫不夸张地说，胡同里蕴藏着这座城市的历史)”，第四段中的“Nearly 500 hutong have survived.(近500条胡同幸存了下来)”和最后一段中的“Hutong that still exist are like oases (绿洲) of calm in the noisy city.(仍然存在的胡同就像喧嚣城市中的宁静绿洲)”及“Hutong have become a museum of Beijing’s folk customs and history.(胡同已经成为北京民俗和历史的博物馆)”可推知，作者对胡同保护持支持的态度。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$