高考语法填空考点总结 清单 -2025届高三下学期英语三轮复习专项

高考语法填空考点总结 有提示词 动词 谓语：时态，语态，主谓一致 非谓语：to do, doing, done 名词 名词单数变复数 名词所有格 形容词、副词 形容词变副词 形容词、副词变比较级(than, much, even, a bit, a little, a lot, the +比较级，the+比较级)、最高级:the+形容词最高级，one of + the +形容词最高级+名词复数 代词 人称代词：主格-宾格-物主代词-反身代词He –him-his-himself 数词 基数词-序数词：One- first 词性转换 动词-名词：celebrate-celebration 形容词-名词：confident-confidence 形容词-副词：eventual-eventually 动词-形容词：impress-impressive Confuse-confusing/confused 无提示词 冠词 a/an 表示“一”；泛指；固定搭配：a set of, a series of, a range of, a kind/type of a variety of 各种各样的 the 特指/再次提及 the +姓氏复数：the Browns 表世纪，年代、朝代，时代 In the 19th century， In the 19880s ，In the Song dynasty In the last few decades 介词 逻辑/固定搭配：in，for， of，with，without，by 连词 并列连词 表并列：and 和 表转折：but 但是 表选择：or 或者 表原因：for 因为 表结果：so 所以 表对比：while 然而 连词组合：both……and……/either…..or……/neither…..nor…… Whether…….or…… 从属连词： 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句： What，when，where，how，why，whether 关系代词/关系副词 （定语从句） 关系代词：主语，宾语，表语 That 人/物 who 人， whom人（宾语），whose …的人/物（定语） Which物， as 人、物 关系副词：状语 Where：地点状语 When：时间状语 Why：原因状语 动词：谓语 【时态标志词】 时态 标志性时间状语 一般过去时 ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/year/night/month..., in 1989, just now, at the age of five, one day ago, long ago, once upon a time, then(那时), on that day, the other day(几天以前) 现在进行时 now, these days, at this moment/time 过去进行时 at this time yesterday, at that time或“when+一般过去时从句”, at 1:00 last night 现在完成时 recently, recent years, these days/years, lately, since, for+时段(但还在延续), in the past few years, ever since, in the last/past five months, up to now, since then, so far, ever, never, yet, lately, once, twice, three/four times..., already, before, just 过去完成时 before, by the end of last year/term/month 一般将来时 tomorrow, next day/week/month/year..., soon, in a few minutes, by..., the day after tomorrow, in the future 过去将来时 the next day/morning/year..., the following month/week... 一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语为第三人称单数，则一般在动词原形后加­s或­es，其变化规则如下表所示： 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加­s want→wants, rise→rises 以s, sh, ch, x，o, z结尾的动词 加­es wash→washes, discuss→discusses teach→teaches 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i加­es carry→carries study→studies, fly→flies (2)be的变化：am, is, are。 (3)have的变化：has (第三人称单数)。 一般过去时的构成 一般过去时用动词的过去式（过去分词）构成，其规则动词变化方法如下表所示： 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加­ed pack→packed 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i加­ed carry→carried 以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加­ed plan→planned occur-occurred; refer-referred; prefer-preferred; infer-inferred 以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加­d like→liked provide→provided 现在分词的构成形式： 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加­ing try→trying 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加­ing regret→regretting ban→banning 以不发音的e结尾的动词 去掉e，加­ing hate→hating date→dating 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done 一般过去时 did was/ were + done 一般将来时 will/shall + do will/shall + be done 过去将来时 would/ should + do would/should + be done 现在进行时 am/is/are + doing am/is/are + being done 过去进行时 was/were + doing was/ were +being done 现在完成时 have/has + done(完成) have/has + been done（被动） 过去完成时 had + done had + been done 含有情态动词 Must/can/could/may/might +do Must/can/could/may/might + be done 动词：非谓语 1． 动词不定式：to do (1) 目的状语：to + V原: 为了 To make a study of kangaroo, he went to Australia. （2）结果状语：to +V原，, so+形容词、副词+as to do, too….. to…., only to do ….(意料之外的结果) Jane hurried back only to find her mother had left. 却 The little boy was too young to dress himself. Only too…… to….非常….. I was only too delighted to pass the exam. (原因) （3）原因状语 Be happy/glad/sorry/anxious/proud/disappointed/angry/delighted/pleased to do I am anxious to prepare for the exam. Only too…… to….非常….. I was only too delighted to pass the exam. (原因) 作定语：用于说明具体内容或要做动作-----位于被修饰词后作后置定语 I don’t believe his promise to pay me back on time. 当名词被序数词、the only/the next/the last/the right 修饰时，用动词不定式做定语 She is the first women to win the gold medal in Olympics Games. Meyer and his team were the first team to show how the disease spreads from animals to humans. 作动词的宾语： hope, want, offer主动提出, long渴望, expect期待, wish希望, ask, decide, pretend假装, manage to do sth 设法做某事, agree 同意, afford承担得起, determine决定, promise承诺, happen 碰巧, refuse拒绝, wait等待, fail to do sth 做某事失败，不能做成某事， threaten 威胁，beg乞求，plan计划 I happened to see my friend yesterday.（宾语） I walked in the street and saw my friend. （并列谓语） I hope to get good mark for my college entrance examination.（宾语） 我希望在高考中取得好成绩 作介词的宾语we are talking about what to do next. （疑问词+to do） 我们正在讨论接下来要做什么 作宾语补足语(对宾语的补充说明) （1） 不省略 to: ask, beg, expect期待, get让, order命令, tell告诉, want, wish希望, encourage鼓励, invite邀请, prefer更喜欢, persuade劝说, warn警告, require要求, teach教, advise建议，warn 警告 My teacher encourages /tells me to hold on whenever I want to give up. The policeman warned the man not to drive after drinking. 作表语： My dream is to be a teacher. 特殊用法：主+系+表（easy，hard，difficult, simple, good, bad）+to do sth （动词不定式表被动意义，强调主语和不定式这个动作的特征:好易难坏等） The question is easy/hard to answer. 这问题很容易回答 The flowers are easy to take care of. 这些花很容易打理 The mountain is hard to climb. 作主语（常见it作形式主语） It is+形容词(easy/harmful/important)+(of sb/for sb)+to do sth It is harmful to smoke. It is harmful for you to smoke. 强调做某事的性质 抽烟对你来说是有害的 It is kind of you to help me. 强调某人的品质、性格 你帮助我是善良的 It is/was +名词+ to do sth It is our duty to protect our earth. 保护地球是我们的责任 To protect our earth is our duty. It is of importance to protect our environment.=It is important to protect our environment. Be + of +名词=be +形容词 It takes/took sb sometime to do sth. 二.动名词V-ing: 动词具有名词的性质，泛指某类事情或行为 作主语：playing with fire is dangerous. 作表语： My favourite sport is swimming. 作宾语： (1)mind 介意, miss 想念, enjoy喜欢, imagine想象, practise练习, suggest建议, finish完成, escape逃避, excuse原谅, appreciate感激, admit承认, prevent阻止, keep保持、一直, dislike不喜欢, avoid避免, risk冒险, resist抵抗，can’t help情不自禁, permit准许+动名词作宾语 Do you mind opening the window? I enjoy swimming. (动名词) (2) 动词短语+动名词作宾语（介词之后）feel like喜欢, succeed in 成功, be fond of 喜欢, object to 反对, get down to着手、开始, be engaged in 参与, insist on 坚持, think of, be proud of 为…骄傲, take pride in 为….而骄傲, set about 开始, be afraid of 害怕, be tired of 厌倦, look forward to 期待, devote oneself to致力于，献身于, be worth doing 值得做, be busy in忙于 , pay attention to注意, stick to 坚持 I feel like playing chess. I am fond of playing chess. He succeeded in passing the exam. 作定语：说明该名词的用途 a Swimming pool = a pool for swimming drinking water = water for drinking a drinking boy = a boy who is drinking (现在分词) 三．现在分词 V-ing （主动，进行）强调动作 作伴随状语，而且是主动：He stood here, smiling at me. (对我微笑的这个动作) He stood here and smiled at me. 原因状语Having finished the work, I felt very relaxed. （已经完成了） 作定语：a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping A swimming boy = a boy who is swimming V-ing : 动名词（强调某类行为），现在分词（强调动作本身，直观） 分词：现在分词（主动，进行），过去分词（被动，完成） 过去分词：Ved （被动完成） 作状语 The teacher came into （谓语） the lab, followed （非谓语）by some students.被动 (伴随状语) Frighten 使害怕，惊吓 Frightened by the serious严重 accident 事故, he was unable to speak. （原因状语） 作表语 I felt worried. （表语）worry 使担心 The naughty boy is worrying and his parents are always worried. 作定语excite An exciting voice 令人激动的声音 （主动使别人激动） An excited voice 感到激动的声音 (被某人、某事物使感到激动的) Puzzle 使迷惑 A puzzling expression 一个令人迷惑的表情 (主动) A puzzled expression 感到困惑的表情 （被某人/某事物使感到困惑的） boiling water 正在沸腾着的水 （进行） boiled water 沸腾完了的 开水 （完成） 名词 1. 名词复数变化规则 （1） 一般情况+s: displays, diagrams （2021年全国甲卷语法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.公 【2020·浙江】Later, they learned to work with the ________ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields. （2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空）What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.公 （2018高考全国卷I）A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all        (cause). 模拟1.From this experience, I've learned when facing______( challenge), we should fight hard instead of being discouraged or even giving up. 模拟2..I am glad to share more________( detail) about my passion for moon exploration with you. 模拟3.Nowadays, concerts held in sports stadium are common, and it seems that every few __________(year) there is a new boy band trying to bring back the magic of the Beatles. （2） s, x, ch, sh 结尾+es: dishes 【2018·浙江】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ________ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. （3） 辅音字母+y 结尾， 变y 为i+ es Activity-activities 活动 Ability-abilities 能力 Enemy-enemies 敌人 Scenery-sceneries 风景 Country-countries 国家 Century-centuries 世纪 (2021·全国乙卷) (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. 模拟1：Any smell might attract natural_______( enemy)that would try to eat the little panda. （4） 以f/fe 结尾，变f/fe为v+es: shelf-shelves; wife-wives 少数+s: beliefs （5） 以o结尾+s/es Radios, photos, Potatoes, tomatoes, heroes 注意： （1） 物质名词表示个体概念时可数 Wind- a wind 一阵风 tea- a tea 一杯茶 （2） 抽象名词表示具体的人或事为可数名词 Beauty – a beauty 一位美人/一件美好的事物 Success- a success 一个成功的人/一件成功的事 Comfort – a comfort 一个安慰 Surprise- a surprise 一个惊喜 Shock- a shock 一件震惊的事 A must 一件必须的事 二． 名词所有格 （1）单数名词的所有格， 在词尾+’s: my father’s hat （2）复数名词的所有格 以s/es 结尾的复数名词+’: Teachers’ Day 不以s/es 结尾的复数名词+’s: Children’s Day (2022.新高考Ⅱ)He saved my _________(son) life 三． 词性转换 1.-cy: accurate-accuracy 准确性 Fluent-fluency 流利 Frequent-frequency 频率 2. -tion/ion/ition: compete-competition 竞争 Introduce-introduction 介绍 Educate-education 教育 Attract-attraction 吸引力 Connect-connection 联系 Pollute-pollution 污染 3. –ment: develop-development 发展 Argue-argument 论点 Achieve-achievement 成就 Require-requirement 要求 4-ist: Science- scientist 科学家 Special-specialist 专家 2. –age: marry-marriage 婚姻 Short-shortage 短缺 Pack-package 包裹 3. –ibility/ ity: responsible-responsibility 责任 Popular-popularity 受欢迎 Able- ability 能力 4. –ance/ence/ancy/ency: important-importance 重要性 Significant-significance 重要性 Confident-confidence 信心 Silent-silence 沉默 Patient-patience 耐心 Exist-existence 存在 Expect-expectancy 期待 Tend- tendency 趋势 5. –th: long-length长度, grow-growth生长, true-truth事实, warm-warmth温暖 6. –er/or/ant: employ-employer 雇主 Laugh-laughter 笑声 Direct-director 经理 Assist-assistant 助手 7. –an/ian: history-historian 历史学家 Music-musician 音乐家 8. –ness: aware-awareness 意识 Careless-carelessness 疏忽大意 9. –al: approve- approval 同意 Arrive- arrival 到达 Survive-survival 生存 10. –ure: expose- exposure 暴露 11. –ing: mean-meaning 意思 Understand-understanding 理解 12. –dom/ship: wise- wisdom 智慧 Free-freedom 自由 Member-membership 会员资格 16.-ty: cruel-cruelty 残忍 形容词变副词的规则（高考考点：语法填空词性转换） 情况 构成 例词 一般情况 +ly Quick-quickly, brave-bravely, immediate-immediately 辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i 再+ly Easy-easily, happy-happily, heavy-heavily Busy-busily le 去e+y Simple-simply, gentle-gently 元音字母+e 结尾 去e+ly True-truly ll结尾 +y Full-fully, dull-dully ic结尾 +ally Basic-basically, scientific-scientifically 形容词和副词的三个等级 原级：即原形 比较级：表示“较…….”或“更…….一些”，两个事物进行比较。 最高级：表示“最…….”,三个或三个以上的事物进行比较。 形容词和副词比较等级的规则变化 构成 原级 比较级 最高级 一般-er和-est Strong 强壮的 Stronger 较强壮的 Strongest 最强壮的 以字母e结尾的只加-r,-st Late 晚的 Later较晚的 Latest最晚点 最新的 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这个辅音字母，再加-er，-est hot 热的 thin 瘦的 Hotter 更热的 Thinner 较瘦的 Hottest 最热的 Thinnest 最瘦的 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i再加-er,-est 元音字母+y结尾的词，y不变，直接-er, -est Angry 生气的 Ugly丑的 Early早的 grey Angrier 较生气的 Uglier较丑的 Earlier较早的 grey Angriest最生气的 Ugliest最丑的 Earliest最早的 greyest 其他双音节词和多音节词，在该词前加more或most Important重要的 More important 更重要的 Most important 最重要的 分词形容词+more/most interesting More interesting Most interesting 形容词和副词比较等级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 Good 好的 Well 好，健康的 好地（副词） Better Best Bad 坏的 Badly 坏地，恶劣地（副词） Ill 有病的 Worse worst Many 多 Much 多 more most Little 少 less least Far 远的，远地 Farther 更远的、更远地（指距离） Further 更进一步、 更多、此外（further more） Farthest/furthest old Older (年龄，新旧) Elder （年级较长的） Oldest Eldest 人称 数 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 一 单 复 I we me us my our mine ours myself ourselves 二 单 复 you you you you your your yours yours yourself yourselves 三 单 复 he she it they him her it them his her its their his hers its theirs himself herself itself themselves 用法：1. 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词：my pen=mine 2.句子用人称代词主格 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$