专题03 阅读理解说明文（黑龙江专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解说明文 （一） （黑龙江省哈尔滨市六校2023-2024高二下期末联考试卷） A team of researchers at the University of Cambridge have created an innovative floating device that uses solar power to transform polluted water or seawater into clean hydrogen (氢气) fuel and purified water. This device is particularly beneficial for areas with limited resources or without access to the electricity, as it can operate with any open water source and does not rely on external power sources. It takes its inspiration from photosynthesis, the process by which plants turn sunlight into food. However, unlike earlier versions of the “artificial leaf”, which could produce green hydrogen fuel from clean water sources, this new device operates from polluted or seawater sources and can produce clean drinking water-at the same time. “In remote or developing regions, where clean water is relatively scarce and the basic facilities necessary for water purification are not readily available, water splitting (分解) is extremely difficult,” said Ariffin Mohamad Annuar, a member of the research team. “The device that could work using polluted water could solve two problems at once: it could split water to make clean fuel, and it could make clean drinking water.” The device that can make clean fuel and clean water at once using solar power alone could help address the energy and the water crises facing so many parts of the world. For example, the indoor air pollution caused by cooking with “dirty” fuels, such as kerosene, is responsible for more than three million deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization. Cooking with green hydrogen instead could help reduce that number significantly. “It’s such a simple design as well: in just a few steps, we can build a device that works well on water from a wide variety of sources,” said Ariffin Mohamad Annuar. “In addition, the new device uses more of the sun’s energy. The light-driven process for making solar fuels only uses a small portion of the solar spectrum (光谱) — there’s a whole lot of the spectrum that goes unused.” 1．What do we know about the new device? A．It can hardly produce clean hydrogen fuel. B．It needs a lot of power to function properly. C．It is not as convenient as the “artificial leaf”. D．It can turn polluted water into purified water. 2．What does the underlined word “scarce” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Insufficient. B．Cheap. C．Available. D．Useless. 3．Which word can best describe the new device? A．Costly. B．Environmentally-friendly. C．Outdated. D．Complex. 4．Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 5? A．To stress the harm of air pollution to human beings. B．To predict how many people will buy the new device. C．To show the potential impact of the new device on the world. D．To explain the skills of selling the new device to the poor people. （二） （黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学青冈实验中学校2023-2024高二下期末试题） With advanced communication technologies making the iconic British red telephone boxes expendable (可抛弃的), a US firm is all set to bring them back to use. Call boxes would be changed into mini-offices for workers on-the-go and will offer free coffee to subscribers (认购者). Bar Works Ine’s chief executive Jonathan Black, a Briton living in New York, said that his company will renew telephone boxes with fully functional printers, scanners, 25-inch screens and Wi-Fi. Bar Works specializes in offering bar-themed work stations in prime locations, charging customers with a monthly subscription in return for free access to the business and office supplies. The company plans to operate in a similar manner, offering British customers with monthly memberships to “Pod Works” for £19.99 ($29). The company will refit telephone boxes in five major British cities and has already rented and changed 15 old call boxes in London and Edinburgh. As expected, they are coming into use by the public in the coming months. “Given the prime location, above all else, of the telephone boxes, the launch is expected to gain at least 10,000 members by the end of 2022. It’s an alternative to, say, Starbucks but obviously it provides you with total privacy.” said Black. Thanks to mobile phones, the red telephone boxes have been effectively made expendable. According to a report by the Daily Mail, retired telephone boxes, especially those damaged deliberately, are sent to a “telephone box graveyard” of sorts, where they are restored to their former glory before being sold to collectors across the globe. Such is the demand for properly restored telephone boxes, that it is not  uncommon for them to be sold for amounts as high as £10,000. Despite its setback, in a recent survey, the British red telephone box, which was originally designed in 1920, was voted the greatest British design of all time. 1．What will the red telephone boxes be used for? A．Mini coffee boxes. B．Leisure rooms for workers. C．Mini-offices. D．Bar-themed call boxes. 2．What do you know about the renewed telephone boxes? A．They will be equipped with office supplies. B．They have been rented in five major British cities. C．They will be put into use next year. D．They offer as much privacy as Starbucks. 3．What is Black’s attitude towards the launch? A．Doubtful. B．Confident. C．Cautious. D．Uncertain. 3．What’s the best title for this text? A．The British red telephone boxes are disappearing. B．The British red telephone boxes will be refit in the US. C．The British red telephone boxes won a recent vote. D．The British red telephone boxes will have a new role. （三） （黑龙江齐齐哈尔八校联考2022-2023高二下期末试题） What kind of people can become scientists? When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth-and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.” Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I’m not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent. But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts. During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,” such as making mistakes while tackling a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges. Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance post-intervention, relative to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By identifying a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize(共情)with the scientists during their own struggles. 1．Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists? A．They lack interest in science. B．They don’t possess inborn talent, C．They are short of confidence. D．They have no ability to study science 2．What’s the purpose of the intervention? A．To introduce some inspirational stories to students. B．To expose students to scientists’ great achievements. C．To ensure students will become scientists in the future. D．To clear students’ misunderstandings of scientific work. 3．The underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A．delicate B．permanent C．doubtful D．apparent 4．What can we learn from the research? A．Science ability has nothing to do with efforts. B．Students are more motivated by achievement stories. C．Scientists’ struggle stories can influence readers’ beliefs. D．Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists. （四） （黑龙江省绥化市绥棱县第一中学2023-2024高二下期末试题） Some 1 countries, mostly in the Americas and Europe, apply Daylight Saving Time during the summer months. Europe’s clocks will move forward once again this weekend. Yet last week the European Union voted to end this long-established practice from 2022. In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin came up with the idea of moving the clocks forward in the summer. But the practice really took hold during World War I and since then it has brought several benefits. It might increase consumer spending, as shoppers are encouraged to stay out later into the evening. It might even reduce crime. As the saying goes, “The longer the daylight, the less I do wrong.” In spite of all that, clock-changing is unpopular. When the European Union ran a poll（民意调查）among its citizens, it got nearly 5 million responses. Over 80% want to scrap clock-changing, and for good reasons. Although it has not been proven eventually, many scientists think that changing the clocks messes up humans’ biological clock, which may increase the chances of heart attacks and strokes. It could cause car accidents to increase, as drivers who are used to going to work in the daylight, for example, suddenly have to do so in the dark. In addition, many businesses find it extremely inconvenient that countries change their clocks at different times. So, will Europeans choose to stick with winter or summer time? This has not been decided. It could be that each country will choose for itself, though each is likely to take careful note of neighbors’ decisions. The benefit, it seems, is not so much in deciding how long the evening is, or how dark the morning. It is in keeping it consistent throughout the year. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Clock-changing has more benefits than expected. B．People adopted clock-changing after World War I. C．Clock-changing makes people sleepy in the day time. D．People might spend more money after clock-changing. 2．Which of the following best explains “scrap” underlined in paragraph 3? A．Favor. B．Stop. C．Obey. D．Delay. 3．What can we infer about clock-changing in Europe? A．People will continue to use it. B．More changes will be added to it. C．It remains to be seen whether to use it. D．The countries will change their clocks at same times. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To recall the history of clock-changing. B．To stress the benefits of clock-changing. C．To show people’s opinions on clock-changing. D．To introduce the bad effects of clock-changing. （五） （黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学、大庆铁人中学2023-2024高二下期末试题） Advances in AI and machine learning have sparked interest from governments that would like to use these tools for patrolling (巡查) purposefully beforehand to prevent crime. However, early efforts at crime prediction have been controversial, because they do not allow for systematic biases (偏差) in police enforcement (实施) and its complex relationship with crime and society. University of Chicago (UC) data and social scientists have developed a new algorithm (算法) that forecasts crime by learning patterns in time and geographic locations from public data on violent and property crimes. It has demonstrated success at predicting future crimes one week in advance with approximately 90% accuracy. The new tool was tested and validated using historical data from the City of Chicago around two broad categories of reported events: violent crimes and property crimes. The new model isolates crime by looking at the time and spatial coordinates (坐标) of separate events and detecting patterns to predict future events. It divides the city into spatial sections roughly 1,000 feet across and predicts crime within these areas instead of relying on traditional neighborhood or political boundaries, which are also subject to bias. The model performed just as well with data from seven other US cities. Ishanu Chattopadhyay, senior author of the study, is careful to note that the tool’s accuracy does not mean that it should be used to direct law enforcement, with police departments using it to flock to neighborhoods ahead of time to stop crime. Instead, it should be added to a toolbox of urban policies and policing strategies to address crime. “We created a digital twin of urban environments. If you feed it data from what happened in the past, it will tell you what’s going to happen in future. It’s not magical; there are limitations, but we tested it and it works well,” Chattopadhyay said. “Now you can use this as a model tool to see what happens if crime goes up in one area, or there is increased enforcement in another area. If you apply all these different data, you can see how the system evolves in response.” 1．What information would data and social scientists in UC collect? A．Periods of traffic jams. B．Items of lost and found. C．Thefts and robberies on the street. D．Deaths in traffic accidents. 2．What does the underlined word “validated” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Confirmed. B．Promoted. C．Classified. D．Abandoned. 3．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The advantages and disadvantages of this new tool. B．The principles and good performances of this new tool. C．Positive feedback from some other experts in this field. D．The hard process of Chattopadhyay’s developing this tool. 4．What can we know from Chattopadhyay’s opinion on the tool’s use? A．He does not think it’s accurate enough to put into use. B．The limitations are to be removed for a better performance. C．The police department can wholly rely on it to prevent criminals. D．It can be of help when the authority make policies concerning crimes. （六） （黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2023-2024高二下期末试题） Nature has developed the emotional state we call anger to help us stay alive. Anger energizes us to prepare us for action. It can be used either in productive ways or just the opposite. When we feel energized by anger, we might ask ourselves how we put this energy to the most productive use. Perhaps the most helpful thing to remember about anger is that it is a secondary emotion. A primary feeling is what is felt immediately before we feel angry. We might first feel afraid, attacked, offended, trapped, or disrespected. If any of these feelings are intense enough, we think of the emotion as anger. Generally speaking, secondary feelings do not identify the unmet emotional need. When all I can say is “I feel angry”, neither I nor any one else knows what would help me feel better. A helpful technique, then, is to always identify the primary emotion. Assume someone wants us to do something we prefer not to do. At first we feel a little pressured, but not enough to get angry. When they keep pushing us, we begin to get irritated. If they continue, we get angry. Such anger damages relationships. If we feel angry, it is evident that we feel strongly about something. Instead of saying, “I can’t believe how irresponsible she is. What a cold-hearted, evil witch she is.” A more productive response is: “Am I really upset by this? Why does it bother me so much? What specifically am I feeling?” From the answers, we can decide to pick the best one to calm the anger. As soon as we “upshift” and begin to think about our options and their consequences, we start to feel more in control and less threatened. We get out of the automatic stimulus-response mode and realize that we have choices. There is a quote from Victor Frankl that goes like this: “Between stimulus and response, there is a space. In that space lie our growth and freedom.” 1．What’s the author’s attitude towards anger? A．Favorable. B．Neutral. C．Doubtful. D．Negative. 2．What can we know about anger? A．It reflects one’s intense feeling. B．It refers to a minor emotion. C．It can identify emotional need. D．It surely causes a violent reaction. 4．What does Paragraph 4 mainly deal with? A．What questions we ask about anger. B．How we respond to the anger. C．How we develop growth and freedom. D．When we consider the consequence. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Ways to know about anger. B．Reasons to arouse anger. C．Managing anger in a good way. D．Calming anger at the right time. （七） （黑龙江省哈尔滨市第四中学校2023-2024高二下期末试题) Is social media really making young people antisocial (孤僻的)? A surprising new study finds that children and young adults who use these platforms the most are actually more active in the real world than others! The new findings come from a long-term project called the Trondheim Early Secure Study. Researchers collected information from about 800 children and young adults when they were 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 years old. This included interviews about each child’s use of social media from year to year. The goal was to determine if using social media affects a young person’s overall social skills. To the team’s surprise, participants frequently using these platforms did not see their social skills reduced. “On the contrary, we find that people who use social media a lot spend more time with friends offline than those who tend to limit their screen time,” says Professor Silje Steinsbekk from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology’s Department of Psychology. However, social media can present challenges for children and teens. Although it offers a convenient and comfortable way for those with social anxiety to communicate, it can also lead to addiction and misuse. Studies have suggested that young people with anxiety are more easily affected by the negative effects of social media, which can worsen their symptoms and harm their mental health. Therefore, it is crucial for parents to monitor their children’s online activity and usage. Despite the risks to some, the team says their findings debunk the belief that social media causes young people to become socially isolated. In fact, their frequent use of social platforms may actually give them more opportunities to connect with old and new friends and set up chances to go out and socialize outdoors. 1．What does the study focus on? A．The importance of young people’s social skills. B．The impact of social media on young people. C．Reasons for people becoming isolated from the community. D．Ways to prevent children from becoming addicted to social media. 2．Who may probably be more active in the real world according to the study? A．A teenager who uses social media frequently. B．A boy who never makes friends online. C．A girl who seldom surfs the Internet. D．A new parent who is experiencing social anxiety. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．Negative emotions cause teens to misuse social media. B．Kids are more easily influenced by social media than adults. C．Online communication can help improve people’s mental health. D．Social media is a double-edged sword for young people with anxiety. 4．What does the underlined word “debunk” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Explain. B．Ignore. C．Confirm. D．Contradict. （八） （黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学校2022-2023高二下期末试题) Over the past decades, experts have done a considerable amount of research to explore different ways to encourage children’s learning. Especially, there has been a common focus on how physical activity, separated from the learning activities, can improve children’s learning. However, there has been less of a focus aimed the potential of integrating physical activity into the learning activities. The main purpose of the Basket Mathematics study conducted at five Danish primary and elementary schools by researchers from the University of Copenhagen therefore was to develop a learning activity that integrates basketball and mathematics and examine how it might affect children’s motivation for mathematics. 756 children from 40 different classes at Copenhagen area schools participated in the project, where about half of them－once a week for six weeks－had Basketball Mathematics during gym class, while the other half played basketball without mathematics. “During classes with Basketball Mathematics, the children had to collect numbers and perform calculations associated with various basketball exercises. An example could be counting how many times they could sink a basket from three meters away vs at a one-meter distance, and adding up the numbers. Both the math and basketball elements could be adjusted to suit the children’s levels, as well as being adjusted for whether it was addition, multiplication or some other operations that needed to be practiced,” explains Linn Damsgaard, a leading researcher. The results showed that children’s motivation for math integrated with basketball was 16% higher compared to classroom math learning. Children also experienced a 14% increase in self-determination compared with classroom teaching. Meanwhile Basketball Mathematics improved their math confidence. “We are planning to do research to examine whether the Basketball Mathematics model can strengthen performance in mathematics. Once we have the final results, we hope that they will inspire school teachers and principals to prioritize more physical activity and movement in such subjects. Eventually, we hope to succeed in putting these tools into school system and teacher education,” says Associate Professor Jacob Wienecke. 1．What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To show the advantage of the study. B．To explain the reason for the study. C．To conduct a review of past research. D．To introduce a way to raise math grades. 2．What can we learn about the study? A．All kids didn’t play basketball. B．Kids were divided into 40 groups. C．It studied kids’math performance. D．It tailored activities to different kids. 3．What effect does basketball have on the participants? A．More motivation for exercise. B．More confidence in basketball. C．A gain in desire to learn math. D．A rise in determination to learn. 4．How does Jacob Wienecke expect the study to help educators? A．Make math learning easier. B．Inspire students’ math confidence. C．Build physical activity into teaching. D．Notice the benefits of physical exercise. （九） （黑龙江省大庆市萨尔图区大庆实验中学2023-2024高二下期末试题） During the last 12 months, have you looked at photographs with family or friends? During the last 12 months, have you taken any photographs or videos to preserve memories? In the nationwide survey in 1995 of nearly 1, 500 people, 91% of respondents (受访者) said they’d looked at photographs with family or friends and 83% had taken a photograph in the past year. If the survey were repeated today, those numbers would certainly be higher. The popularity of smartphone cameras and social media has led to an increase in photo-taking and sharing, from capturing everyday moments to special occasions. So are all of these captured moments, these personal memories, a part of history? For historians Roy Rosenzweig and David Thelen, the answer is YES, and they believe the very concept of history is developing. They led the 1995 survey to understand how people thought about the past. This groundbreaking study was welcomed by historians and those working in museums, because it helped them to think about the public’s understanding of their field. Little did Rosenzweig and Thelen know the subject of history was about to be affected by a host of technologies. For example, over a third of the survey’s respondents said they had researched their family history. The activity got much easier the following year, when Paul Brent Allen and Dan Taggart launched Ancestry.com, which is now one of the largest online genealogical (宗谱的) databases. Researching your family tree no longer means studying documents in the local library. The survey also asked whether respondents had watched a movie or television show about history in the last year; four-fifths responded they had. The survey was conducted shortly before the 1 January 1995 launch of the History Channel, which opened the floodgates on history-themed TV. Nowadays, streaming services let people watch historical documentaries non stop on demand. Today, people aren’t just watching history. They’re recording it and sharing it in real time. As these technologies become commonplace, they are rewriting the official account of history. Maybe the best way to think about Rosenzweig and Thelen’s survey is that it offered a snapshot (快照) of public habits, as those habits were about to change unavoidably. 1．What is the 1995 survey mainly about? A．Different family traditions. B．Public understanding of history. C．Effects of personal memories on family history. D．The behavior of camera and social media users. 2．What might be a part of history according to Rosenzweig and Thelen? A．Live-streaming services. B．Personal opinions on history. C．Photos taken by smartphones. D．The idea of genealogical database. 3．According to the last paragraph, the 1995 survey______. A．fails to keep up with technology B．just reflects public habits back then C．suggests the importance of history D．provides contexts for historical research 4．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Technology Speeds the Development of History B．Smartphones May Rewrite the Official History C．Historians Find a New Way to Explore the Past D．Technology Can Change Our Concept of History （十） （黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学2023-2024高二下期末试题） Education in 2080 is distinctive from education in the 2020s. Until about 2035, the main function of education systems was to supply the economy with the next generation of workers. In 2080, the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members. To make this a bit more tangible for you, I would like to give an example of what a child’s education looks like in 2080. Her name is Shemsy. Shemsy is 13, and she is confident and loves learning. Shemsy does not go to school in the morning because schools as you know them no longer exist. The institution was abolished as it was widely thought of as more like a prison or a factory than a creative learning environment. Schools have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are not restricted to certain ages. They are where intergenerational learning happens, in line with the belief that learning is a lifelong pursuit. Every year, Shemsy designs her learning journey for the year with a highly attentive “teacher-citizen”. Shemsy is actively engaged in designing her education and has to propose projects she would like to be involved in to contribute to and serve her community. She also spends lots of time playing as the role of play in learning has finally been recognized as essential and core to our humanity. Shemsy works a lot collaboratively. Access to education is universal, and higher education institutions no longer differentiate themselves by how many people they reject yearly. Variability between students is expected and leveraged (利用) as young people teach one another and use their differences as a source of strength. Shemsy naturally explores what she is curious about at a pace she sets. She still has some classes to take that are mandatory for children globally: Being Human and the History of Humanity. We invite you to think about your vision for education in the year 2080, what does it look like, who does it serve,and how does it transform our societies? 1．What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us? A．There are different types of education. B．The present education needs improvements. C．Education and economy are closely associated. D．The goal of future education is fundamentally different. 2．What do we know about the Learning Hub that Shemsy goes to? A．It accepts students of all ages. B．It promotes competition. C．It discourages individualized learning. D．It is all about play-based learning. 3．What does the underlined word “mandatory” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Tough. B．Satisfactory. C．Optional. D．Required. 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．An Example to All B．A Vision for Education C．A Challenge for Education D．A Journey into the Future （十一） （黑龙江省大庆中学2023-2024高二下期末试题） According to a report by South China Morning Post, China is planning to launch a hyperloop (超级高铁), also known as a super-high speed pipeline maglev system by 2035. If the project goes as planned, the new train will be the world’s fastest ground-based transport technology. Chinese authorities have announced the approval of the country’s first hyperloop line. Its length will be 175 kilometers, and it will pass between the cities of Shanghai and Hangzhou. These are two key metropolitan areas for the country’s economy, known for their large populations. The distance between these two cities can now be covered in about three hours by car or an hour by high-speed train. However, the hyperloop can reach speeds of up to 1000 km/h, which means that the route can be completed in just 15 minutes. That’s 2 times faster than commercial passenger planes and 10 times than traditional high-speed trains. The proposed project will make China one of the pioneers in hyperloop technology, allowing faster travel between several major cities. The hyperloop provides a high-security level with low energy consumption. It reduces noise and pollution levels while still being faster than commercial flights and the fastest current bullet train. The technology will further advance China’s position as a leader in transport. A super-fast hyperloop train in China has completed its first test runs. These consisted of three test runs at a superconducting maglev test line in Datong, Shanxi province that reached the speed of 50 km/h. However, the current tube available for trials measures only 2 km in length. It is expected to be extended to 60 km over the next few years. 1．What is the project about? A．Building the world’s longest rail line. B．Enlarging the passenger capacity of the train. C．Constructing the first hyperloop line in China. D．Expanding the coverage of the railway system. 2．What are the figures in paragraph 3 intended for? A．To prove the high speed of the hyperloop. B．To stress the convenience of traveling by railway. C．To state the necessity of developing high-speed trains. D．To show China ‘s great efforts to improve transport technology. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the project? A．Its main purposes. B．Its potential value. C．Its specific tasks. D．Its environmental benefits. 4．What is the next step of the project? A．Extending the railway line for trials. B．Increasing the length of the hyperloop trains. C．Conducting the train’s first test runs in Datong. D．Reducing noise and pollution levels of the train. （十二） （黑龙江省佳木斯市三校联考2023-2024高二下期末联考试题） Dragon Head-raising Day: time for a haircut China is a country with many colorful days and festivals. Dragon Head-raising Day (the Longtaitou Festival) is one of them. This special day is on the second day of the second month in the Chinese lunar calendar (阴历). It stands for the start of spring and farming. This year, the day fell on February 21. The dragon is important in Chinese culture. We Chinese people call ourselves the “descendants (传人) of the dragon”. Therefore, people celebrate Dragon Head-raising Day with many customs about dragons. On the day in ancient times, people put ash in the kitchen. This was to “lead the dragon into the house”. People believed that with the help of the dragon, they could have a good harvest in autumn. Also, people eat special foods on that day. The foods are usually named after the dragon. For example, people eat “dragon whisker (须)” noodles and dumplings called “dragon teeth”. Today, many customs have faded away. But one that has remained is to have hair cut. It is said that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to the mother’s brothers. So many people have their hair cut on Dragon Head-raising Day. 1．Which country celebrates Dragon Head-raising Day? A．Britain. B．France. C．The United States. D．China. 2．When was Dragon Head-raising Day this year? A．March 14. B．February 2. C．February 21. D．March 8. 4．On the day in ancient times, why did people put ash in the kitchen? A．Because the dragon liked ash. B．Because ash could lead the dragon into the house. C．Because ash stood for the harvest. D．Because ash could bring good luck. 4．Which custom about the day has remained according to the passage? A．Dragon boat racing. B．To eat zongzi. C．To have hair cut. D．To eat mooncakes. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解说明文 （一） （黑龙江省哈尔滨市六校2023-2024高二下期末联考试卷） A team of researchers at the University of Cambridge have created an innovative floating device that uses solar power to transform polluted water or seawater into clean hydrogen (氢气) fuel and purified water. This device is particularly beneficial for areas with limited resources or without access to the electricity, as it can operate with any open water source and does not rely on external power sources. It takes its inspiration from photosynthesis, the process by which plants turn sunlight into food. However, unlike earlier versions of the “artificial leaf”, which could produce green hydrogen fuel from clean water sources, this new device operates from polluted or seawater sources and can produce clean drinking water-at the same time. “In remote or developing regions, where clean water is relatively scarce and the basic facilities necessary for water purification are not readily available, water splitting (分解) is extremely difficult,” said Ariffin Mohamad Annuar, a member of the research team. “The device that could work using polluted water could solve two problems at once: it could split water to make clean fuel, and it could make clean drinking water.” The device that can make clean fuel and clean water at once using solar power alone could help address the energy and the water crises facing so many parts of the world. For example, the indoor air pollution caused by cooking with “dirty” fuels, such as kerosene, is responsible for more than three million deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization. Cooking with green hydrogen instead could help reduce that number significantly. “It’s such a simple design as well: in just a few steps, we can build a device that works well on water from a wide variety of sources,” said Ariffin Mohamad Annuar. “In addition, the new device uses more of the sun’s energy. The light-driven process for making solar fuels only uses a small portion of the solar spectrum (光谱) — there’s a whole lot of the spectrum that goes unused.” 1．What do we know about the new device? A．It can hardly produce clean hydrogen fuel. B．It needs a lot of power to function properly. C．It is not as convenient as the “artificial leaf”. D．It can turn polluted water into purified water. 2．What does the underlined word “scarce” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Insufficient. B．Cheap. C．Available. D．Useless. 3．Which word can best describe the new device? A．Costly. B．Environmentally-friendly. C．Outdated. D．Complex. 4．Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 5? A．To stress the harm of air pollution to human beings. B．To predict how many people will buy the new device. C．To show the potential impact of the new device on the world. D．To explain the skills of selling the new device to the poor people. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。剑桥大学的一组研究人员发明了一种创新的浮动装置，该装置利用太阳能将受污染的水或海水转化为清洁的氢燃料和纯净水。文章对此进行了介绍。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A team of researchers at the University of Cambridge have created an innovative floating device that uses solar power to transform polluted water or seawater into clean hydrogen (氢气) fuel and purified water.(剑桥大学的一组研究人员发明了一种创新的浮动装置，该装置利用太阳能将受污染的水或海水转化为清洁的氢燃料和纯净水)”可知，这个新装置可以把污染的水变成纯净水。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段第一句中的“and the basic facilities necessary for water purification are not readily available, water splitting (分解) is extremely difficult(而且水净化所必需的基本设施并不容易获得，水的分解非常困难)”可知，此处是指干净的水相对稀缺，所以scarce意为“稀缺的”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“The device that can make clean fuel and clean water at once using solar power alone could help address the energy and the water crises facing so many parts of the world. For example, the indoor air pollution caused by cooking with “dirty” fuels, such as kerosene, is responsible for more than three million deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization. Cooking with green hydrogen instead could help reduce that number significantly.(该装置可以利用太阳能同时制造清洁燃料和清洁水，可以帮助解决世界许多地区面临的能源和水危机。例如，根据世界卫生组织的数据，用煤油等“肮脏”燃料做饭造成的室内空气污染，每年造成300多万人死亡。用绿色氢烹饪可以帮助显著减少这一数字)”可推知，这款新装置是环境友好型的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“The device that can make clean fuel and clean water at once using solar power alone could help address the energy and the water crises facing so many parts of the world.(该装置可以利用太阳能同时制造清洁燃料和清洁水，可以帮助解决世界许多地区面临的能源和水危机)”可推知，作者在第5段提到这个例子是为了展示新设备对世界的潜在影响。故选C。 （二） （黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学青冈实验中学校2023-2024高二下期末试题） With advanced communication technologies making the iconic British red telephone boxes expendable (可抛弃的), a US firm is all set to bring them back to use. Call boxes would be changed into mini-offices for workers on-the-go and will offer free coffee to subscribers (认购者). Bar Works Ine’s chief executive Jonathan Black, a Briton living in New York, said that his company will renew telephone boxes with fully functional printers, scanners, 25-inch screens and Wi-Fi. Bar Works specializes in offering bar-themed work stations in prime locations, charging customers with a monthly subscription in return for free access to the business and office supplies. The company plans to operate in a similar manner, offering British customers with monthly memberships to “Pod Works” for £19.99 ($29). The company will refit telephone boxes in five major British cities and has already rented and changed 15 old call boxes in London and Edinburgh. As expected, they are coming into use by the public in the coming months. “Given the prime location, above all else, of the telephone boxes, the launch is expected to gain at least 10,000 members by the end of 2022. It’s an alternative to, say, Starbucks but obviously it provides you with total privacy.” said Black. Thanks to mobile phones, the red telephone boxes have been effectively made expendable. According to a report by the Daily Mail, retired telephone boxes, especially those damaged deliberately, are sent to a “telephone box graveyard” of sorts, where they are restored to their former glory before being sold to collectors across the globe. Such is the demand for properly restored telephone boxes, that it is not  uncommon for them to be sold for amounts as high as £10,000. Despite its setback, in a recent survey, the British red telephone box, which was originally designed in 1920, was voted the greatest British design of all time. 1．What will the red telephone boxes be used for? A．Mini coffee boxes. B．Leisure rooms for workers. C．Mini-offices. D．Bar-themed call boxes. 2．What do you know about the renewed telephone boxes? A．They will be equipped with office supplies. B．They have been rented in five major British cities. C．They will be put into use next year. D．They offer as much privacy as Starbucks. 3．What is Black’s attitude towards the launch? A．Doubtful. B．Confident. C．Cautious. D．Uncertain. 3．What’s the best title for this text? A．The British red telephone boxes are disappearing. B．The British red telephone boxes will be refit in the US. C．The British red telephone boxes won a recent vote. D．The British red telephone boxes will have a new role. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在经历了时代进步后，原本已经废弃不用的红色电话亭即将有自己新的角色，它将成为迷你办公室，成为提供完全的隐私的星巴克替代品。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Call boxes would be changed into mini-offices for workers on-the-go and will offer free coffee to subscribers（认购者）.（电话亭将被改成为忙碌的员工的迷你办公室，并将为订户提供免费咖啡。）”可知，红色电话亭将被用作小型办公室。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Bar Works Inc’s chief executive Jonathan Black, a Briton living in New York, said that his company will renew telephone boxes with fully functional printers, scanners, 25-inch screens and Wi-Fi.（Bar Works公司的首席执行官乔纳森·布莱克是一位住在纽约的英国人，他说，他的公司将更新电话亭，配备全功能打印机、扫描仪、25英寸屏幕和Wi-Fi。）”可知，更新过的电话亭会配备有办公室供应设备。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“It’s an alternative to, say, Starbucks but obviously it provides you with total privacy.（它是星巴克的替代品，但显然它为你提供了完全的隐私。）”可知，布莱克认为电话亭是星巴克的替代品，但是又在隐私方面比星巴克有优势。所以布莱克对此的态度是非常自信的。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“With advanced communication technologies making the iconic British red telephone boxes expendable（可抛弃的）, a US firm is all set to bring them back to use. Call boxes would be changed into mini-offices for workers on-the-go and will offer free coffee to subscribers（认购者）.（随着先进的通信技术使英国标志性的红色电话亭变得不再重要，一家美国公司准备重新使用它们。电话亭将被改成为忙碌的员工的迷你办公室，并将为订户提供免费咖啡。）”及全文可知，文章主要介绍在经历了时代进步后，原本已经废弃不用的红色电话亭即将有自己新的角色，它将成为迷你办公室，成为提供完全的隐私的星巴克替代品。所以“The British red telephone boxes will have a new role.(英国红色电话亭将有一个新角色。)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 （三） （黑龙江齐齐哈尔八校联考2022-2023高二下期末试题） What kind of people can become scientists? When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth-and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.” Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I’m not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent. But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts. During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,” such as making mistakes while tackling a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges. Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance post-intervention, relative to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By identifying a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize(共情)with the scientists during their own struggles. 1．Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists? A．They lack interest in science. B．They don’t possess inborn talent, C．They are short of confidence. D．They have no ability to study science 2．What’s the purpose of the intervention? A．To introduce some inspirational stories to students. B．To expose students to scientists’ great achievements. C．To ensure students will become scientists in the future. D．To clear students’ misunderstandings of scientific work. 3．The underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A．delicate B．permanent C．doubtful D．apparent 4．What can we learn from the research? A．Science ability has nothing to do with efforts. B．Students are more motivated by achievement stories. C．Scientists’ struggle stories can influence readers’ beliefs. D．Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员向九年级和十年级的学生提出“什么样的人可以成为科学家”这个问题时，几乎每个学生的回答都是“努力学习的人”或“对科学领域感兴趣的人”。为了解除这种误解，研究人员设计了一项干预，即，了解更多关于科学家的奋斗可以帮助学生更有动力学习科学，结果发现，听过任何一种“奋斗故事”的学生在干预后的科学表现都有所提高。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as ‘I’m not good at science’ and ‘Even if I work hard, I will not do well.’ It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent.(同样是这些学生中的许多人都很难将自己想象成科学家，理由是“我不擅长科学”和“即使我努力工作，也不会做得很好”。他们很容易将科学家的工作视为天生的才能。)”可知，这些学生认为能够成为科学家是天生的才能，“自己不擅长”或“即使努力也无法做好”这样的理由可以看作为他们在科学这一方面缺乏自信，从而很难将自己想象成科学家。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.(教师学院、哥伦比亚大学和华盛顿大学的研究人员设计了一种干预措施，让学生了解有成就的科学家在科学努力中如何努力和克服挑战的故事，从而改变学生们认为科学成就反映的是能力而不是努力的观念。)”可知，这项干预通过让学生们了解科学家们如何努力奋斗克服挑战的，以改变学生对于“科学家工作”的误解。故选D项。 3．词义猜测题。分析可知，非限制性定语从句“for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories(对他们来说，接触奋斗故事比阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上表现更好)”的先行词为“lower performing students(成绩差的学生)”，因此可知，在“干预”后，接触奋斗故事的成绩差的学生和阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上都有了好的表现，且二者之间通过对比出现了“更好”，由此可推知，干预对于成绩差的学生效果显著，因此，“The effect was especially pronounced”应是“效果显著”的意思，由此可推知，“pronounced”应是“显著的；明星的”含义，与选项D“apparent(显而易见的)”含义相同。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章末尾内容“By identifying a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize with the scientists during their own struggles.(通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，并介绍他或她为完成伟大的工作而应用的成长心态，学生们能够在他们自己的奋斗过程中与科学家产生共鸣。)”可知，通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，学生们使得自己在奋斗过程中能够产生与科学家的共鸣，从而能够改变之前的对于科学家工作的误解。由此可推知，科学家的奋斗故事可以影响读者的信念。故选C项。 （四） （黑龙江省绥化市绥棱县第一中学2023-2024高二下期末试题） Some 1 countries, mostly in the Americas and Europe, apply Daylight Saving Time during the summer months. Europe’s clocks will move forward once again this weekend. Yet last week the European Union voted to end this long-established practice from 2022. In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin came up with the idea of moving the clocks forward in the summer. But the practice really took hold during World War I and since then it has brought several benefits. It might increase consumer spending, as shoppers are encouraged to stay out later into the evening. It might even reduce crime. As the saying goes, “The longer the daylight, the less I do wrong.” In spite of all that, clock-changing is unpopular. When the European Union ran a poll（民意调查）among its citizens, it got nearly 5 million responses. Over 80% want to scrap clock-changing, and for good reasons. Although it has not been proven eventually, many scientists think that changing the clocks messes up humans’ biological clock, which may increase the chances of heart attacks and strokes. It could cause car accidents to increase, as drivers who are used to going to work in the daylight, for example, suddenly have to do so in the dark. In addition, many businesses find it extremely inconvenient that countries change their clocks at different times. So, will Europeans choose to stick with winter or summer time? This has not been decided. It could be that each country will choose for itself, though each is likely to take careful note of neighbors’ decisions. The benefit, it seems, is not so much in deciding how long the evening is, or how dark the morning. It is in keeping it consistent throughout the year. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Clock-changing has more benefits than expected. B．People adopted clock-changing after World War I. C．Clock-changing makes people sleepy in the day time. D．People might spend more money after clock-changing. 2．Which of the following best explains “scrap” underlined in paragraph 3? A．Favor. B．Stop. C．Obey. D．Delay. 3．What can we infer about clock-changing in Europe? A．People will continue to use it. B．More changes will be added to it. C．It remains to be seen whether to use it. D．The countries will change their clocks at same times. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To recall the history of clock-changing. B．To stress the benefits of clock-changing. C．To show people’s opinions on clock-changing. D．To introduce the bad effects of clock-changing. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了欧洲实行夏令时的优点和缺陷，以及民众对是否继续使用夏令时的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It might increase consumer spending, as shoppers are encouraged to stay out later into the evening. ”（ 这可能会增加消费者支出，因为消费者被鼓励晚上在外面呆到更晚。）可知，使用夏令时后，人们待在外面的时间变长，这可能增加人们的消费。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据本段中的“In spite of all that, clock-changing is unpopular. ”（ 尽管如此，改变时间还是不受欢迎。）可知，夏令时是不受欢迎的，所以进行民意调查的结果肯定是人们希望停止这一确立已久的做法，划线词词义为“停止”，故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This has not been decided. ”（还没有确定。）可知，欧洲国家最终还没有决定是否继续使用夏令时。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。文章第二段提到了使用夏令时的优点，同时在第三段也说明了其不足，因此文章旨在客观地介绍民众关于夏令时的各种看法。故选C项。 （五） （黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学、大庆铁人中学2023-2024高二下期末试题） Advances in AI and machine learning have sparked interest from governments that would like to use these tools for patrolling (巡查) purposefully beforehand to prevent crime. However, early efforts at crime prediction have been controversial, because they do not allow for systematic biases (偏差) in police enforcement (实施) and its complex relationship with crime and society. University of Chicago (UC) data and social scientists have developed a new algorithm (算法) that forecasts crime by learning patterns in time and geographic locations from public data on violent and property crimes. It has demonstrated success at predicting future crimes one week in advance with approximately 90% accuracy. The new tool was tested and validated using historical data from the City of Chicago around two broad categories of reported events: violent crimes and property crimes. The new model isolates crime by looking at the time and spatial coordinates (坐标) of separate events and detecting patterns to predict future events. It divides the city into spatial sections roughly 1,000 feet across and predicts crime within these areas instead of relying on traditional neighborhood or political boundaries, which are also subject to bias. The model performed just as well with data from seven other US cities. Ishanu Chattopadhyay, senior author of the study, is careful to note that the tool’s accuracy does not mean that it should be used to direct law enforcement, with police departments using it to flock to neighborhoods ahead of time to stop crime. Instead, it should be added to a toolbox of urban policies and policing strategies to address crime. “We created a digital twin of urban environments. If you feed it data from what happened in the past, it will tell you what’s going to happen in future. It’s not magical; there are limitations, but we tested it and it works well,” Chattopadhyay said. “Now you can use this as a model tool to see what happens if crime goes up in one area, or there is increased enforcement in another area. If you apply all these different data, you can see how the system evolves in response.” 1．What information would data and social scientists in UC collect? A．Periods of traffic jams. B．Items of lost and found. C．Thefts and robberies on the street. D．Deaths in traffic accidents. 2．What does the underlined word “validated” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Confirmed. B．Promoted. C．Classified. D．Abandoned. 3．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The advantages and disadvantages of this new tool. B．The principles and good performances of this new tool. C．Positive feedback from some other experts in this field. D．The hard process of Chattopadhyay’s developing this tool. 4．What can we know from Chattopadhyay’s opinion on the tool’s use? A．He does not think it’s accurate enough to put into use. B．The limitations are to be removed for a better performance. C．The police department can wholly rely on it to prevent criminals. D．It can be of help when the authority make policies concerning crimes. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，芝加哥大学（UC）的数据和社会科学家开发了一种新的人工智能算法，通过从暴力和财产犯罪的公共数据中学习时间和地理位置的模式来预测犯罪，该工具对于制定有关的犯罪政策有所帮助。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“University of Chicago (UC) data and social scientists have developed a new algorithm (算法) that forecasts crime by learning patterns in time and geographic locations from public data on violent and property crimes.(芝加哥大学（UC）的数据和社会科学家开发了一种新的算法，通过从暴力和财产犯罪的公共数据中学习时间和地理位置的模式来预测犯罪)”可知，加州大学的数据和社会科学家会收集犯罪信息，如，街上的盗窃和抢劫的信息。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“The new tool was tested(新工具进行了测试)”及后文“using historical data from the City of Chicago around two broad categories of reported events: violent crimes and property crimes.(使用了来自芝加哥市的历史数据，主要涉及两大类报告事件：暴力犯罪和财产犯罪)”可知，经过测试后，证实该工具使用了历史数据，划线词与confirm“证实”意思相近。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“The new model isolates crime by looking at the time and spatial coordinates (坐标) of separate events and detecting patterns to predict future events. It divides the city into spatial sections roughly 1,000 feet across and predicts crime within these areas instead of relying on traditional neighborhood or political boundaries, which are also subject to bias. The model performed just as well with data from seven other US cities.(新模型通过观察不同事件的时间和空间坐标来分离犯罪，并通过检测模式来预测未来的事件。它将城市划分成大约1000英尺宽的空间区域，并预测这些区域内的犯罪，而不是依靠传统的社区或政治边界，这些也会受到偏见的影响。该模型对其他7个美国城市的数据也表现得很好)”可知，本段介绍了这种新工具的原理和良好的性能。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Now you can use this as a model tool to see what happens if crime goes up in one area, or there is increased enforcement in another area. If you apply all these different data, you can see how the system evolves in response.(现在你可以把它作为一个模型工具，看看如果一个地区的犯罪率上升，或者另一个地区的执法增加会发生什么。如果您应用所有这些不同的数据，您可以看到系统是如何响应的)”可知，Chattopadhyay认为，当局制定有关犯罪的政策时，该工具会有帮助。故选D。 （六） （黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2023-2024高二下期末试题） Nature has developed the emotional state we call anger to help us stay alive. Anger energizes us to prepare us for action. It can be used either in productive ways or just the opposite. When we feel energized by anger, we might ask ourselves how we put this energy to the most productive use. Perhaps the most helpful thing to remember about anger is that it is a secondary emotion. A primary feeling is what is felt immediately before we feel angry. We might first feel afraid, attacked, offended, trapped, or disrespected. If any of these feelings are intense enough, we think of the emotion as anger. Generally speaking, secondary feelings do not identify the unmet emotional need. When all I can say is “I feel angry”, neither I nor any one else knows what would help me feel better. A helpful technique, then, is to always identify the primary emotion. Assume someone wants us to do something we prefer not to do. At first we feel a little pressured, but not enough to get angry. When they keep pushing us, we begin to get irritated. If they continue, we get angry. Such anger damages relationships. If we feel angry, it is evident that we feel strongly about something. Instead of saying, “I can’t believe how irresponsible she is. What a cold-hearted, evil witch she is.” A more productive response is: “Am I really upset by this? Why does it bother me so much? What specifically am I feeling?” From the answers, we can decide to pick the best one to calm the anger. As soon as we “upshift” and begin to think about our options and their consequences, we start to feel more in control and less threatened. We get out of the automatic stimulus-response mode and realize that we have choices. There is a quote from Victor Frankl that goes like this: “Between stimulus and response, there is a space. In that space lie our growth and freedom.” 1．What’s the author’s attitude towards anger? A．Favorable. B．Neutral. C．Doubtful. D．Negative. 2．What can we know about anger? A．It reflects one’s intense feeling. B．It refers to a minor emotion. C．It can identify emotional need. D．It surely causes a violent reaction. 4．What does Paragraph 4 mainly deal with? A．What questions we ask about anger. B．How we respond to the anger. C．How we develop growth and freedom. D．When we consider the consequence. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Ways to know about anger. B．Reasons to arouse anger. C．Managing anger in a good way. D．Calming anger at the right time. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了什么是愤怒以及如何对待愤怒这种情绪。 【详解】1.观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Anger energizes us to prepare us for action. It can be used either in productive ways or just the opposite.”(愤怒激励我们为行动做准备。它既生产积极影响，也可能会有反作用。)可知，作者认为愤怒会刺激我们对此做出行为反应，它既可能生产积极影响，也可能会有反作用。所以可以推断出，作者对愤怒的态度是客观中立的。B选项“Neutral”(中立的)符合，A. Favorable支持的；C. Doubtful怀疑的；D. Negative否定的，均不符，故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If any of these feelings are intense enough, we think of the emotion as anger.”(如果这些感觉足够强烈，我们就认为这种情绪是愤怒。)可知，愤怒反映了一个人非常强烈的情绪。故选A。 3.主旨大意题。根据第四段“If we feel angry, it is evident that we feel strongly about something. Instead of saying, “I can’t believe how irresponsible she is. What a cold-hearted, evil witch she is.” A more productive response is: “Am I really upset by this? Why does it bother me so much? What specifically am I feeling?” From the answers, we can decide to pick the best one to calm the anger. As soon as we “upshift” and begin to think about our options and their consequences, we start to feel more in control and less threatened. We get out of the automatic stimulus-response mode and realize that we have choices.”(如果我们感到愤怒，很明显，我们对某事有强烈的感觉。与其说“我真不敢相信她这么不负责任。她是个多么冷酷邪恶的女巫啊”，倒不如说“我真的对此感到不安吗？为什么我这么烦恼？我到底是什么感觉？”，这种回答是更有效果的。从这些答案中，我们可以选出最好的一个来平息愤怒。一旦我们“升级”，开始思考我们的选择和它们的后果，我们就会开始感觉到更多的控制，更少的威胁。我们摆脱了自动刺激反应模式，意识到我们有选择。)可知，第四段主要介绍了在我们愤怒时，应该怎样做。故选B。 4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了愤怒是一种非常强烈的情绪。当我们感到愤怒时，我们应该如何做才能平息我们的愤怒。所以这篇文章主要讲了我们应该如何很好地应对愤怒。故选C。 （七） （黑龙江省哈尔滨市第四中学校2023-2024高二下期末试题) Is social media really making young people antisocial (孤僻的)? A surprising new study finds that children and young adults who use these platforms the most are actually more active in the real world than others! The new findings come from a long-term project called the Trondheim Early Secure Study. Researchers collected information from about 800 children and young adults when they were 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 years old. This included interviews about each child’s use of social media from year to year. The goal was to determine if using social media affects a young person’s overall social skills. To the team’s surprise, participants frequently using these platforms did not see their social skills reduced. “On the contrary, we find that people who use social media a lot spend more time with friends offline than those who tend to limit their screen time,” says Professor Silje Steinsbekk from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology’s Department of Psychology. However, social media can present challenges for children and teens. Although it offers a convenient and comfortable way for those with social anxiety to communicate, it can also lead to addiction and misuse. Studies have suggested that young people with anxiety are more easily affected by the negative effects of social media, which can worsen their symptoms and harm their mental health. Therefore, it is crucial for parents to monitor their children’s online activity and usage. Despite the risks to some, the team says their findings debunk the belief that social media causes young people to become socially isolated. In fact, their frequent use of social platforms may actually give them more opportunities to connect with old and new friends and set up chances to go out and socialize outdoors. 1．What does the study focus on? A．The importance of young people’s social skills. B．The impact of social media on young people. C．Reasons for people becoming isolated from the community. D．Ways to prevent children from becoming addicted to social media. 2．Who may probably be more active in the real world according to the study? A．A teenager who uses social media frequently. B．A boy who never makes friends online. C．A girl who seldom surfs the Internet. D．A new parent who is experiencing social anxiety. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．Negative emotions cause teens to misuse social media. B．Kids are more easily influenced by social media than adults. C．Online communication can help improve people’s mental health. D．Social media is a double-edged sword for young people with anxiety. 4．What does the underlined word “debunk” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Explain. B．Ignore. C．Confirm. D．Contradict. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章主要基于一项关于社交媒体对年轻人社交影响的研究，通过介绍研究方法、结果，并对比普遍观点，分析了频繁使用社交媒体的年轻人在现实生活中的社交活动情况，同时提及了社交媒体对部分用户的潜在风险，整体上是对该研究发现的阐述与解读。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“The goal was to determine if using social media affects a young person’s overall social skills.”（目的是确定使用社交媒体是否会影响年轻人的总体社交技能。）可知，该研究关注的社交媒体对年轻人的影响。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中““On the contrary, we find that people who use social media a lot spend more time with friends offline than those who tend to limit their screen time,” says Professor Silje Steinsbekk from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology’s Department of Psychology.”（“相反，我们发现，经常使用社交媒体的人比那些倾向于限制屏幕时间的人花更多的时间与线下的朋友在一起，”挪威科技大学心理学系的斯利杰·斯坦斯贝克教授说。）可知，根据研究，经常使用社交媒体的青少年可能在现实世界中更活跃。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, social media can present challenges for children and teens. Although it offers a convenient and comfortable way for those with social anxiety to communicate, it can also lead to addiction and misuse. Studies have suggested that young people with anxiety are more easily affected by the negative effects of social media, which can worsen their symptoms and harm their mental health. Therefore, it is crucial for parents to monitor their children’s online activity and usage.”（然而，社交媒体给儿童和青少年带来了挑战。虽然它为那些有社交焦虑的人提供了一种方便和舒适的交流方式，但它也可能导致上瘾和滥用。研究表明，焦虑的年轻人更容易受到社交媒体负面影响的影响，这会使他们的症状恶化，损害他们的心理健康。因此，家长监控孩子的网络活动和使用情况是至关重要的。）可知，对于有焦虑的年轻人来说，社交媒体是一把双刃剑。因为虽然它为社交焦虑者提供了一种方便舒适的沟通方式，但也可能导致成瘾和误用，且对有焦虑的年轻人负面影响更大，这表明了其具有两面性。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“that social media causes young people to become socially isolated”（社交媒体导致年轻人社交孤立）和“In fact, their frequent use of social platforms may actually give them more opportunities to connect with old and new friends and set up chances to go out and socialize outdoors.”（事实上，他们频繁使用社交平台可能会让他们有更多机会与新老朋友联系，并有机会出去参加户外社交活动。）可知，团队的说法与普遍认为社交媒体使年轻人变得孤立的观点相反，因此debunk一词最有可能的意思是“反驳”。A. Explain解释；B. Ignore忽略；C. Confirm确认；D. Contradict反驳。故选D。 （八） （黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学校2022-2023高二下期末试题) Over the past decades, experts have done a considerable amount of research to explore different ways to encourage children’s learning. Especially, there has been a common focus on how physical activity, separated from the learning activities, can improve children’s learning. However, there has been less of a focus aimed the potential of integrating physical activity into the learning activities. The main purpose of the Basket Mathematics study conducted at five Danish primary and elementary schools by researchers from the University of Copenhagen therefore was to develop a learning activity that integrates basketball and mathematics and examine how it might affect children’s motivation for mathematics. 756 children from 40 different classes at Copenhagen area schools participated in the project, where about half of them－once a week for six weeks－had Basketball Mathematics during gym class, while the other half played basketball without mathematics. “During classes with Basketball Mathematics, the children had to collect numbers and perform calculations associated with various basketball exercises. An example could be counting how many times they could sink a basket from three meters away vs at a one-meter distance, and adding up the numbers. Both the math and basketball elements could be adjusted to suit the children’s levels, as well as being adjusted for whether it was addition, multiplication or some other operations that needed to be practiced,” explains Linn Damsgaard, a leading researcher. The results showed that children’s motivation for math integrated with basketball was 16% higher compared to classroom math learning. Children also experienced a 14% increase in self-determination compared with classroom teaching. Meanwhile Basketball Mathematics improved their math confidence. “We are planning to do research to examine whether the Basketball Mathematics model can strengthen performance in mathematics. Once we have the final results, we hope that they will inspire school teachers and principals to prioritize more physical activity and movement in such subjects. Eventually, we hope to succeed in putting these tools into school system and teacher education,” says Associate Professor Jacob Wienecke. 1．What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To show the advantage of the study. B．To explain the reason for the study. C．To conduct a review of past research. D．To introduce a way to raise math grades. 2．What can we learn about the study? A．All kids didn’t play basketball. B．Kids were divided into 40 groups. C．It studied kids’math performance. D．It tailored activities to different kids. 3．What effect does basketball have on the participants? A．More motivation for exercise. B．More confidence in basketball. C．A gain in desire to learn math. D．A rise in determination to learn. 4．How does Jacob Wienecke expect the study to help educators? A．Make math learning easier. B．Inspire students’ math confidence. C．Build physical activity into teaching. D．Notice the benefits of physical exercise. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项将运动融入教学的研究。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“However, there has been less of a focus aimed the potential of integrating physical activity into the learning activities.（然而，很少有人关注将体育活动融入学习活动的潜力。）”可知，本段的作用主要是用来说明进行篮球与数学相结合的研究的原因，故选择B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中““Both the math and basketball elements could be adjusted to suit the children’s levels, as well as being adjusted for whether it was addition, multiplication or some other operations that needed to be practiced,” explains Linn Damsgaard, a leading researcher.（“数学和篮球元素都可以根据孩子的水平进行调整，也可以根据需要练习的加法、乘法或其他运算进行调整，”首席研究员林恩·达姆斯加德解释道。）”可知，这项研究会为不同的孩子，量身定制不同的活动，故选择D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的第一句“The results showed that children’s motivation for math integrated with basketball was 16% higher compared to classroom math learning.（结果表明，与课堂数学学习相比，儿童将数学与篮球结合起来的动机高出16%。）”可知，与篮球运动项结合提升了孩子们的数学学习动力，故选择C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Once we have the final results, we hope that they will inspire school teachers and principals to prioritize more physical activity and movement in such subjects. Eventually, we hope to succeed in putting these tools into school system and teacher education（一旦我们得出最终结果，我们希望这些结果将激励学校教师和校长在这些科目中优先考虑更多的体育活动和运动。最终，我们希望能够成功地将这些工具应用到学校系统和教师教育中）”可知，雅各布·维内克教授希望这项研究能够让老师们把运动融入教学中。故选择C项。 （九） （黑龙江省大庆市萨尔图区大庆实验中学2023-2024高二下期末试题） During the last 12 months, have you looked at photographs with family or friends? During the last 12 months, have you taken any photographs or videos to preserve memories? In the nationwide survey in 1995 of nearly 1, 500 people, 91% of respondents (受访者) said they’d looked at photographs with family or friends and 83% had taken a photograph in the past year. If the survey were repeated today, those numbers would certainly be higher. The popularity of smartphone cameras and social media has led to an increase in photo-taking and sharing, from capturing everyday moments to special occasions. So are all of these captured moments, these personal memories, a part of history? For historians Roy Rosenzweig and David Thelen, the answer is YES, and they believe the very concept of history is developing. They led the 1995 survey to understand how people thought about the past. This groundbreaking study was welcomed by historians and those working in museums, because it helped them to think about the public’s understanding of their field. Little did Rosenzweig and Thelen know the subject of history was about to be affected by a host of technologies. For example, over a third of the survey’s respondents said they had researched their family history. The activity got much easier the following year, when Paul Brent Allen and Dan Taggart launched Ancestry.com, which is now one of the largest online genealogical (宗谱的) databases. Researching your family tree no longer means studying documents in the local library. The survey also asked whether respondents had watched a movie or television show about history in the last year; four-fifths responded they had. The survey was conducted shortly before the 1 January 1995 launch of the History Channel, which opened the floodgates on history-themed TV. Nowadays, streaming services let people watch historical documentaries non stop on demand. Today, people aren’t just watching history. They’re recording it and sharing it in real time. As these technologies become commonplace, they are rewriting the official account of history. Maybe the best way to think about Rosenzweig and Thelen’s survey is that it offered a snapshot (快照) of public habits, as those habits were about to change unavoidably. 1．What is the 1995 survey mainly about? A．Different family traditions. B．Public understanding of history. C．Effects of personal memories on family history. D．The behavior of camera and social media users. 2．What might be a part of history according to Rosenzweig and Thelen? A．Live-streaming services. B．Personal opinions on history. C．Photos taken by smartphones. D．The idea of genealogical database. 3．According to the last paragraph, the 1995 survey______. A．fails to keep up with technology B．just reflects public habits back then C．suggests the importance of history D．provides contexts for historical research 4．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Technology Speeds the Development of History B．Smartphones May Rewrite the Official History C．Historians Find a New Way to Explore the Past D．Technology Can Change Our Concept of History 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了智能手机摄像头和社交媒体的普及如何影响人们对历史的理解和记录方式。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They led the 1995 survey to understand how people thought about the past. This groundbreaking study was welcomed by historians and those working in museums, because it helped them to think about the public’s understanding of their field(他们领导了1995年的调查，以了解人们是如何看待过去的。这项开创性的研究受到历史学家和博物馆工作人员的欢迎，因为它有助于他们思考公众对他们领域的理解)”可知，1995年的调查主要是为了了解公众对历史的理解。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The popularity of smartphone cameras and social media has led to an increase in photo-taking and sharing, from capturing everyday moments to special occasions.(智能手机摄像头和社交媒体的普及导致拍照和分享照片的数量增加，从捕捉日常瞬间到特殊场合。)”和文章第二段“So are all of these captured moments, these personal memories, a part of history? For historians Roy Rosenzweig and David Thelen, the answer is YES, and they believe the very concept of history is developing.(那么，所有这些被捕捉的瞬间，这些个人记忆，是否都是历史的一部分呢？对于历史学家罗伊·罗森茨威格（Roy Rosenzweig）和大卫·塞伦（David Thelen）来说，答案是肯定的，他们认为历史的概念本身也在不断发展。)”可推知，他们认为智能手机拍摄的照片是个人记忆的一部分，也是历史的一部分。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Maybe the best way to think about Rosenzweig and Thelen’s survey is that it offered a snapshot (快照) of public habits, as those habits were about to change unavoidably.(也许，关于罗森茨威格（Roy Rosenzweig）和塞伦（David Thelen）的调查，最好的解读是，它反映了公众习惯的快照，因为这些习惯即将不可避免地发生改变。)”可知，1995年的调查只是反映了当时的公众习惯。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了智能手机摄像头和社交媒体的普及如何影响人们对历史的理解和记录方式。文中提到，随着智能手机和社交媒体的普及，人们越来越多地拍摄和分享照片，这些个人记忆被历史学家认为也是历史的一部分。同时，技术的发展还使得研究家族历史变得更加容易，如Ancestry.com这样的在线宗谱数据库的推出。这些变化都显示了技术如何改变我们对历史的看法和认知。由此可知，D项：Technology Can Change Our Concept of History(技术可以改变我们对历史的概念）准确地概括了文章的主旨，是最好的标题。故选D。 （十） （黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学2023-2024高二下期末试题） Education in 2080 is distinctive from education in the 2020s. Until about 2035, the main function of education systems was to supply the economy with the next generation of workers. In 2080, the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members. To make this a bit more tangible for you, I would like to give an example of what a child’s education looks like in 2080. Her name is Shemsy. Shemsy is 13, and she is confident and loves learning. Shemsy does not go to school in the morning because schools as you know them no longer exist. The institution was abolished as it was widely thought of as more like a prison or a factory than a creative learning environment. Schools have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are not restricted to certain ages. They are where intergenerational learning happens, in line with the belief that learning is a lifelong pursuit. Every year, Shemsy designs her learning journey for the year with a highly attentive “teacher-citizen”. Shemsy is actively engaged in designing her education and has to propose projects she would like to be involved in to contribute to and serve her community. She also spends lots of time playing as the role of play in learning has finally been recognized as essential and core to our humanity. Shemsy works a lot collaboratively. Access to education is universal, and higher education institutions no longer differentiate themselves by how many people they reject yearly. Variability between students is expected and leveraged (利用) as young people teach one another and use their differences as a source of strength. Shemsy naturally explores what she is curious about at a pace she sets. She still has some classes to take that are mandatory for children globally: Being Human and the History of Humanity. We invite you to think about your vision for education in the year 2080, what does it look like, who does it serve,and how does it transform our societies? 1．What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us? A．There are different types of education. B．The present education needs improvements. C．Education and economy are closely associated. D．The goal of future education is fundamentally different. 2．What do we know about the Learning Hub that Shemsy goes to? A．It accepts students of all ages. B．It promotes competition. C．It discourages individualized learning. D．It is all about play-based learning. 3．What does the underlined word “mandatory” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Tough. B．Satisfactory. C．Optional. D．Required. 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．An Example to All B．A Vision for Education C．A Challenge for Education D．A Journey into the Future 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是对2080年的教育的展望。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Until about 2035, the main function of education systems was to supply the economy with the next generation of workers.  In 2080, the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members.(直到2035年左右，教育系统的主要功能是为经济提供下一代工人。在2080年，教育的目的是社会及其所有成员的福祉。)”可知，第一段主要告诉我们未来教育的目标是完全不同的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Schools have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are not restricted to certain ages.(学校已经被不受年龄限制的“学习中心”所取代。)”可知，Shemsy去的学习中心接受所有年龄的学生。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Being Human and the History of Humanity(做人和人类历史)”可知，做人和人类历史应该是全球儿童必修的课程，划线词mandatory的意思是“必修的”，和required意思相近，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In 2080, the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members. To make this a bit more tangible for you, I would like to give an example of what a child’s education looks like in 2080.(在2080年，教育的目的是社会及其所有成员的福祉。为了让你们更明白这一点，我想举一个2080年儿童教育的例子。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是对2080年的教育的展望，因此最恰当的标题是B选项“A Vision for Education(教育远景)”。故选B。 （十一） （黑龙江省大庆中学2023-2024高二下期末试题） According to a report by South China Morning Post, China is planning to launch a hyperloop (超级高铁), also known as a super-high speed pipeline maglev system by 2035. If the project goes as planned, the new train will be the world’s fastest ground-based transport technology. Chinese authorities have announced the approval of the country’s first hyperloop line. Its length will be 175 kilometers, and it will pass between the cities of Shanghai and Hangzhou. These are two key metropolitan areas for the country’s economy, known for their large populations. The distance between these two cities can now be covered in about three hours by car or an hour by high-speed train. However, the hyperloop can reach speeds of up to 1000 km/h, which means that the route can be completed in just 15 minutes. That’s 2 times faster than commercial passenger planes and 10 times than traditional high-speed trains. The proposed project will make China one of the pioneers in hyperloop technology, allowing faster travel between several major cities. The hyperloop provides a high-security level with low energy consumption. It reduces noise and pollution levels while still being faster than commercial flights and the fastest current bullet train. The technology will further advance China’s position as a leader in transport. A super-fast hyperloop train in China has completed its first test runs. These consisted of three test runs at a superconducting maglev test line in Datong, Shanxi province that reached the speed of 50 km/h. However, the current tube available for trials measures only 2 km in length. It is expected to be extended to 60 km over the next few years. 1．What is the project about? A．Building the world’s longest rail line. B．Enlarging the passenger capacity of the train. C．Constructing the first hyperloop line in China. D．Expanding the coverage of the railway system. 2．What are the figures in paragraph 3 intended for? A．To prove the high speed of the hyperloop. B．To stress the convenience of traveling by railway. C．To state the necessity of developing high-speed trains. D．To show China ‘s great efforts to improve transport technology. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the project? A．Its main purposes. B．Its potential value. C．Its specific tasks. D．Its environmental benefits. 4．What is the next step of the project? A．Extending the railway line for trials. B．Increasing the length of the hyperloop trains. C．Conducting the train’s first test runs in Datong. D．Reducing noise and pollution levels of the train. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了中国计划在2035年之前启动超级高铁，也被称为超高速管道磁悬浮系统。如果该项目按计划进行，新列车将成为世界上最快的地面运输技术。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“According to a report by South China Morning Post, China is planning to launch a hyperloop(超级高铁 ), also known as a super-high speed pipeline maglev system by 2035. ”（据《南华早报》报道，中国计划在2035年之前启动超级高铁，也被称为超高速管道磁悬浮系统。）可知，该项目是在中国建设第一条超级高铁。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The distance between these two cities can now be covered in about three hours by car or an hour by high-speed train. However, the hyperloop can reach speeds of up to 1000 km/h, which means that the route can be completed in just 15 minutes. That’s 2 times faster than commercial passenger planes and 10 times than traditional high-speed trains.”（这两个城市之间的距离现在可以用大约3小时的汽车或1小时的高铁来完成；然而，超级高铁的速度可以达到1000公里/小时，这意味着这条线路可以在15分钟内完成，这比商用客机快2倍，比传统高速列车快10倍。）可知，和传统的运输技术相比，超级高铁的速度更快，故该段中的数据是为了证明超级高铁有着非常快的速度。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The proposed project will make China one of the pioneers in hyperloop technology, allowing faster travel between several major cities. The hyperloop provides a high-security level with low energy consumption. It reduces noise and pollution levels while still being faster than commercial flights and the fastest current bullet train. The technology will further advance China’s position as a leader in transport.”（这个拟建项目将使中国成为超级高铁技术的先行者之一，使几个主要城市之间的旅行速度更快。超级高铁提供了高安全性和低能耗，它降低了噪音和污染水平，同时仍然比商业航班和目前最快的子弹头列车快。这项技术将进一步提升中国在交通运输领域的领先地位。）可知，该段主要介绍了这一项目的优势和潜在价值。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, the current tube available for trials measures only 2 km in length. It is expected to be extended to 60 km over the next few years.”（然而，目前可供试验的轨道长度只有2公里，预计在未来几年内将延长至60公里。）可知，该项目下一步预计是在未来几年内延长可供试验的轨道。故选A。 （十二） （黑龙江省佳木斯市三校联考2023-2024高二下期末联考试题） Dragon Head-raising Day: time for a haircut China is a country with many colorful days and festivals. Dragon Head-raising Day (the Longtaitou Festival) is one of them. This special day is on the second day of the second month in the Chinese lunar calendar (阴历). It stands for the start of spring and farming. This year, the day fell on February 21. The dragon is important in Chinese culture. We Chinese people call ourselves the “descendants (传人) of the dragon”. Therefore, people celebrate Dragon Head-raising Day with many customs about dragons. On the day in ancient times, people put ash in the kitchen. This was to “lead the dragon into the house”. People believed that with the help of the dragon, they could have a good harvest in autumn. Also, people eat special foods on that day. The foods are usually named after the dragon. For example, people eat “dragon whisker (须)” noodles and dumplings called “dragon teeth”. Today, many customs have faded away. But one that has remained is to have hair cut. It is said that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to the mother’s brothers. So many people have their hair cut on Dragon Head-raising Day. 1．Which country celebrates Dragon Head-raising Day? A．Britain. B．France. C．The United States. D．China. 2．When was Dragon Head-raising Day this year? A．March 14. B．February 2. C．February 21. D．March 8. 4．On the day in ancient times, why did people put ash in the kitchen? A．Because the dragon liked ash. B．Because ash could lead the dragon into the house. C．Because ash stood for the harvest. D．Because ash could bring good luck. 4．Which custom about the day has remained according to the passage? A．Dragon boat racing. B．To eat zongzi. C．To have hair cut. D．To eat mooncakes. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的龙抬头日及这一天的习俗。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段内容“China is a country with many colorful days and festivals. Dragon Head-raising Day (the Longtaitou Festival) is one of them.”（中国有许多丰富多彩的日子和节日。龙抬头日就是其中之一。）可知，龙抬头日是中国的传统节日之一，由此可知，中国庆祝龙抬头日。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“This year, the day fell on February 21.”（今年，这一天是2月21日。）可知，今年的龙抬头日是2月21日，由此可知，今年的龙抬头日是2月21日。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“On the day in ancient times, people put ash in the kitchen. This was to “lead the dragon into the house”.”（在古代的这一天，人们把灰烬放在厨房里。这是为了“引龙入室”。）可知，古代人们在龙抬头日把灰烬放在厨房里，是为了“引龙入室”，由此可知，在古代的这一天，人们要把灰烬放在厨房里，因为灰烬会把龙带进房子。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“Today, many customs have faded away. But one that has remained is to have hair cut.”（今天，许多习俗已经消失了。但仍然保留的就是剪头发。）可知，龙抬头日仍然保留的习俗是剪头发，由此可知，关于这一天的仍然存在的习俗是剪头发。故选C项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$