专题13 考前必做阅读理解议论文突破（名师点津+精准押题）-2025新高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典

《2025新高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典》 专题13 考前必做阅读理解议论文突破（名师点津+精准押题）原卷版 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货 一、阅读理解议论文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、重视议论文“总分(总)”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 三、形容词适配题注意原文定位，找到动词或形容词，确定最佳答案。 四、猜词词义题注意运用“代入法”“排除法”从逻辑性和褒贬性出发。 五、段落大意题注意定位段落和段首句概括作用，同时关注选项差异。 六、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 七、议论文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 八、满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 押题专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ [01]（2025·福建泉州·三模）Artificial intelligence has persuaded a lot of folks that we need to undertake a comprehensive reform of education. Now that chatbots can speedily access information and answer complex questions, why bother memorizing historical facts or quotations? Shouldn’t we instead teach kids to think critically and solve problems and leave the boring duties to computers? There’s a problem with these arguments: humans require knowledge to think creatively. Outsourcing our memory and cognition (认知) to Google and AI risks making us less intelligent and more subject to false information. In 2000. American educator E.D．Hirsch noted in his essay: The internet places information at our fingertips, but using it demands existing knowledge’ stores. This principle drove the UK’s 2014 curriculum reform empowering multiplication table mastery (乘法口诀表) by age nine — not merely for calculation skills. but to build the neural frameworks (神经框架) enabling complex reasoning. As former schools minister Nick Gibb stressed: “Google it’s effectively depends on what’s stored in long-term memory.” “The suggestion we should outsource our memory to “free up” limited space for more creative thinking is based on a misconception — we’re likely to overestimate our intelligence, mistaking knowledge found on the internet for our own,” writes Nicholas Carr in The Shallows. “When we start using the Web as a replacement for personal memory, bypassing the inner processes of consolidation (巩固), we risk emptying our minds of their riches.” Indeed, looking stuff up on Google often results in us not being able to recall it later — either because our brains are conditioned to think we don’t need to remember it, or because the internet, mobile phones and social media distract our attention, or both. If students come to rely on machines not just to recall facts but to think for them, it might not just be memory that suffers: cognition and creativity could atrophy, too. The solution lies not in rejecting technology, but in rebalancing its role. The UK’s knowledge-rich curriculum, despite disagreements, recognizes this truth: human intelligence advances when technology adds to rather than replaces learning. 1．What is the author’s concern about AI’s influence on education? A．Students avoid complex questions. B．Teachers prioritize memorizing facts. C．Students develop poor analysis and judgment. D．Teachers ignore students' creativity. 2．What do experts consistently emphasize? A．The necessity for technology improvement. B．The importance of knowledge storage. C．The reduction of internet usage. D．The replacement of complex reasoning. 3．What does the underlined word “atrophy” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Decline. B．Disappear. C．Strengthen. D．Stabilize. 4．Which of the following may the author agree? A．Limit AI to education. B．Avoid referring to AI in study. C．Search online for solutions beforehand. D．Use technology as an assistant. [02]（2025·北京通州·一模）In an era dominated by rapid technological advancements and the increasing demand for STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) skills, the value of liberal arts education is under scrutiny. However, recent discussions and research suggest that liberal arts education remains not only relevant but essential for addressing the complex challenges of the modern world. Liberal arts education is often defined as a multidisciplinary approach to learning. One of the key arguments in favor of liberal arts education is its role in fostering well-rounded individuals capable of navigating a rapidly changing job market. While STEM degrees often lead to higher starting salaries and more immediate job opportunities, liberal arts graduates tend to exhibit greater adaptability and versatility (多才多艺) over time. Moreover, liberal arts provide a foundation for understanding the complexities of human society and culture. In a globalized world, the ability to navigate diverse perspectives and engage with different cultures is increasingly important. The study of history, literature, and philosophy helps students develop empathy and a deeper understanding of the world around them, which is crucial in a globalized workforce where cross-cultural communication is the norm. Another significant aspect of liberal arts education is its role in fostering ethical and responsible citizens. In a world where technology can have profound impacts on society, the humanities provide a framework for understanding the ethical implications of new developments. For example, philosophers and ethicists are crucial in addressing moral questions surrounding artificial intelligence and data privacy. The integration of liberal arts and STEM education has also gained recognition in recent years. The STEAM (STEM+Arts) movement emphasizes the importance of combining technical skills with creativity, critical thinking, and ethical reasoning. By incorporating liberal arts into STEM education, students can develop a more well-rounded skill set that prepares them to address complex, real-world problems. Despite the challenges posed by the digital age, liberal arts education continues to play a vital role in shaping adaptable, ethical, and culturally competent individuals. As Jeffrey Scheuer notes, “It’s the thinking, it’s the critical thinking that I argue is the common thread, really the trunk on which all of these different disciplines grow.” 1．What does the phrase “under scrutiny” underlined in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Being widely praised and encouraged. B．Being overestimated and highly stressed. C．Facing careful examination and questioning. D．Receiving complete support without challenge. 2．What is the key advantage of liberal arts graduates compared to STEM graduates? A．More flexible and diverse capabilities, B．Specialized technical training for specific industries. C．Expertise in ethical artificial intelligence development. D．Higher starting salaries and immediate job opportunities. 3．Why does the author mention philosophers and ethicists in Paragraph 3? A．To point out their lack of technical skills. B．To support the mentioned idea specifically. C．To highlight their involvement in designing AI systems. D．To show the crucial roles of philosophy and ethics in libera arts. 4．Which of the followings would be the most suitable title for the passage? A．The Decline of Liberal Arts Education B．The Integration of Liberal Arts and STEM C．The Adaptability of Liberal Arts Graduates D．The Value of Liberal Arts in the Digital Age [03]（2025·广西贵港·三模）Growing up, my older brother, a science enthusiast, shared fascinating facts with me, like how our cells are completely new every seven years. This idea highlighted the concept of constant change in our selves, meaning I'm a physically different person from the one I was years ago. Today, I often wonder: Am I a story that's constantly being written? people have debated this for a long time, with ancient Greeks arguing whether a thing's true essence lies in its unchanging nature or its ongoing development. Plato believed that natural science focuses on the changing physical world, while philosophy, using intelligence and reason, explored the change less eternal (永恒). For instance, veterinary science studies growing dogs, but philosophers question the idea of “Dog” itself. Aristotle agreed that science explains what we see but argued that the material universe is in constant change. He believed change is part of the true nature of things and your virtue is about who you're turning into, not a fixed identity. As such, becoming was his focus, rather than some perfect invisible being. So, which is your view, and how does that guide the way you live? None of this is to say the choice between Platonism and Aristotelianism is absolute. We all have some unchanging characteristics, and we also change in many ways. The philosophical perspective you adopt will depend on how you principally define yourself and what you choose to pay attention to as you move through the world. Are you more like a Platonist or an Aristotelian? It depends on whether you see yourself as having a fixed identity or a changing story. Today’s culture often pushes you to be a Platonist, defining yourself as a certain type of person. This can make you a repeat customer and give you a sense of belonging. But it might also keep you in situations you don't like. Being more like an Aristotelian can set you free. 1．What did the author tell us about our cells in Paragraph 1? A．The unchanging nature of our souls. B．The ongoing transformation of our bodies. C．The belief that our science and nature do not change. D．The idea that we are the same person through our lives. 2．According to Aristotle, what is the focus of understanding a dog? A．Its unchanging nature. B．Its determined essence. C．Its stable identity. D．Its continuous development. 3．How does modem culture tend to influence personal identity, according to the text? A．By pushing people to de fin c themselves into fix cd identities. B．By suggesting that personal identity will be a mystery forever. C．By encouraging individuals to accept constant change and growth. D．By promoting that individual identity is deter min cd by belongings. 4．Which of the following could be the most suitable title for the passage? A．Plate v. s. Aristotle: the Battle of Ideas. B．The Philosophical Outlook: A Defined Personality. C．Becoming v. s. Being: Viewpoint on Personal Identity. D．The Unchanging Universe: A Philosophical Dilemma. [04]（2025·河北唐山·二模）A few weeks ago I bought two sunflowers. After giving them the water they had clearly missed in the shop, I started reflecting on how closely plant care and philosophy are connected. The two, I realized, share more than meets the eye. You care for plants, and enjoy the life that develops thanks to your care, but the process is never finished. It continues until the plant completes its life cycle and then starts all over again. Philosophy works in the same way: new ideas, insights and perspectives are constantly emerging from the care taken with existing ideas. So just as plants grow and bloom, philosophical thinking is an ongoing process of becoming which never really reaches an end point. But it is precisely this constant thinking that keeps us focused and stimulates our creativity. Philosophical thinking, like caring for plants, also has its own pace and requires patience. While we think, little seems to be happening. The thinker seems to lose himself in reasoning. In this he is like the gardener who also plays a largely passive role between sowing and harvesting. The gardener can do little but wait, observe-and perhaps attend to his own thoughts. His strong urge for activity does not help him. As Martin Heidegger's philosophy suggests, true waiting is without expectation, an attitude of openness to Being itself. Furthermore, both gardening and philosophy are far from useful in the traditional understanding of the word. There’s little immediate economic benefit in watering house plants. The same goes for philosophy: there is no visible productivity associated with it-unless, like me, you suffer from a case of “obsessive (痴迷的) book buying disorder”, which might have some economic value. This simple moment in the garden reveals a fundamental insight: nurturing (养护) plants is an exploration of pure existence! Moreover, the form of plant reality is constantly changing, in a constant cycle of growth, flowering, and decay (腐烂) . Yet behind this constant process of becoming, there may also be a permanent being. We also find this tension between becoming and being in philosophy. So even watering plants raises more questions than you might think. But isn't questioning precisely the nature of both philosophy, and life itself? 1．Why does the author compare plant care with philosophy? A．They aim for precise results. B．They involve ongoing process. C．They require regular reflection. D．They meet constant challenges. 2．What does the metaphor of the gardener tell us? A．Hard work pays off. B．You harvest what you expect. C．Nature has its own course. D．Experience is the best teacher. 3．How does the author sound when talking about his book buying habit? A．Humorous. B．Critical. C．Guilty. D．Hopeful. 4．What does the author suggest readers should do? A．Ask more questions. B．Grow more houseplants. C．Find clear answers about life. D．Teach others about philosophy. [05]（2025·山西·二模）AI has convinced many that we must reform education. Now that chatbots can speedily access information and answer complex questions, why bother memorizing historical facts or quotations? Shouldn’t we instead teach kids to think critically and solve problems, leaving the boring work to computers? In a 2000 essay, two years after Google was founded, educator E. D．Hirsch demolished the argument that we can always just look things up. “Cognitive（认知的）psychology holds that prior knowledge helps us absorb more of what we learn and provides the fuel for creative thinking,” he wrote, “the Internet has placed a wealth of information at our fingertips. To be able to use that information, we must already possess a storehouse of knowledge.” Nick Gibb, a former UK school minister, echoed this in 2021, stating that the ability to “just google it” is highly dependent on what a person has stored in their long-term memory. The suggestion that we should outsource our memory to “free up” limited space for more active thinking is based on a misconception. Thanks to the brain’s plasticity, its long-term memory center can expand. Daisy Christodoulou, author of Seven Myths about Education, warms that using the web as a personal memory skips mental consolidation, risking emptying our minds and damaging our learning ability. Indeed, searching online often results in us not being able to recall it later — either because our brains assume we don’t need to remember it, or because the digital distractions divide our attention. We’re also likely to overestimate our intelligence, mistaking knowledge found on the Internet for our own. If students relied on webs not just for facts but for thinking, not only memory but also cognition and creativity would face negative outcomes. The once-steady rise in IQ scores has changed in some countries, as reported. Governments are still exploring AI’s role in education. While AI may enhance learning, we must not abandon foundational knowledge. In an era of misinformation, it’s even more vital that we humans have a firm grasp of basic facts. 1．What does the underlined word “demolished” mean in paragraph 2? A．Rejected. B．Proved. C．Proposed. D．Defended. 2．What is the key to using online resources according to paragraph 2? A．Learning ability. B．Prior knowledge. C．Creative thinking. D．Long-term memory capacity. 3．What result of web-memory dependence is described in paragraph 3? A．IQ scores will rise. B．Concentration will improve. C．Memory burdens will decline. D．Cognition and creativity will suffer. 4．What do we know from the text? A．The author advocates education reform. B．Critical thinking is the core of education. C．AI-driven teaching widens knowledge gaps. D．The three experts stand on the same ground. [06]（2025·浙江·二模）Life can be metaphorically perceived as a vast wilderness, an extensive and uncharted terrain waiting to be explored. This analogy carries profound implications that can offer us unique insights into the essence of existence and guide us towards a more fulfilling and purposeful life. The wilderness is vast, mysterious, and full of uncertainties, much like life itself. When we step into this wilderness that is life, we are faced with the unknown at every turn. There are no predetermined paths, no clear signposts to direct us towards our destination. We must rely on our instincts, our inner compass, to find our way forward. This uncertainty can be daunting, yet it is precisely this uncertainty that makes life infused with adventure and potential. Just as explorers in a wilderness must be prepared to face unexpected challenges and adapt to ever-changing circumstances, we too must cultivate resilience and flexibility in our life journey. We will encounter obstacles that seem insurmountable, situations that test our patience and resolve. However, it is through these trials that we discover our inner strength and capabilities that we never knew we possessed. Each difficulty overcome is a step forward in our personal growth and development. Moreover, the wilderness is a place of solitude and self-discovery. In the quiet expanse of the wilderness, away from the noise and distractions of civilization, one can hear the faint voice of their inner self. Similarly, life provides us with moments of solitude, times when we are stripped of external validations and material possessions, and are left alone with our thoughts. These moments, though sometimes uncomfortable, are crucial for self-reflection and introspection. They allow us to question our values, our goals, and our direction in life. It is in these moments of stillness that we can reconnect with our true passions and desires, away from the influences and expectations of others. We can then use this clarity to make more authentic and meaningful choices about our future. Furthermore, the wilderness is teeming with diverse flora and fauna, each species coexisting and interacting within a delicate ecosystem. Life too is marked by its diversity and interconnectedness. We encounter people from different backgrounds, cultures, and walks of life, each bringing their unique perspectives and experiences. These interactions enrich our understanding of the world and broaden our horizons. Just as the wilderness thrives on biodiversity, our lives are made more vibrant and complete through the diverse relationships we form. We learn from others, we share and exchange ideas, and together we create a richer tapestry of human experience. In this wilderness called life, we are both the explorers and the explored. As we venture forth, we not only discover new landscapes but also uncover new facets of ourselves. The journey is not always easy, but it is in the challenges and the unknown that we find the opportunity for growth and transformation. So let us embrace this wilderness with courage and curiosity. Let us not fear the uncertainties and the solitude, but see them as stepping stones towards a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In doing so, we can truly live a life that is authentic, meaningful, and rich in experience. 1．The author’s primary purpose is to . A．Critique humanity’s futile attempts to impose order on chaotic existence. B．Articulate a metaphorical framework for interpreting existential authenticity. C．Contrast biological ecosystems with social constructs of human civilization. D．Advocate for radical individualism through rejection of societal norms. 2．The ‌“delicate ecosystem” analogy (Paragraph 4) primarily serves to emphasize . A．The predatory nature of interpersonal competition B．Cognitive dissonance in multicultural environments C．Symbiotic interdependence of disparate elements D．Ephemeral quality of social hierarchies 3．The statement ‌“we are both the explorers and the explored” most profoundly suggests . A．Subjective-objective duality in phenomenological experience B．Dialectical tension between agency and determinism C．Recursive nature of introspective processes D．Paradoxical simultaneity of observer/participant roles 4．The ‌“inner compass” (Paragraph 2) metaphor contains an implicit critique of . A．Cartesian dualism’s mind-body dichotomy B．Utilitarian approaches to decision-making C．Behaviorist models of environmental adaptation D．Collectivist paradigms of social navigation [07]（2025·黑龙江·二模）Do teenagers need to relax? Increasingly not just parents are seeking a break from work and family pressures but adolescents too, coping with “intense schooling and sports programmes”. So much so that the Global Wellness Summit identifies teen wellness as a trend for 2025 with the industry focusing on teenagers’ emotional intelligence, resilience, and how to survive in a digital world through resorts, retreats, and mental wellness apps. Rina Raphael, author of The Gospel of Wellness, tells me wellness—physical and mental health—has replaced the once-dominant fashion and beauty industries. McKinsey reports that Gen Z outspends older consumers on mindfulness-related wellness products such as meditation classes, mindfulness apps, and therapy sessions, even seeking preventive solutions to ageing-related health issues. One of the problems the wellness sector aims to address is mental health. Blame for the mental health crisis has been laid on smartphones. But apps also offer a solution. Many, like Chill Panda and HappiMe are on the UK’s CAMHS (child and adolescent mental health services) website and in demand. A study in The Lancet concluded bans or restrictions at school don’t lead to “better mental wellbeing in adolescents.” Parents have a role too. An intensive parenting often leaves children without examples of parents socialising or pursuing passions. There’s nothing bad about forming healthy habits. But is the wellness industry responding to—or contributing to—the pressures young people face? Think about the new toy package Mattel released five years ago: Wellness Barbie—a more glowing and relaxed version of Barbie and a product in training children to become consumers of wellness. And those baby massage classes dressed up as a wellbeing treatment to improve the infants’ mood and physical health struck me as ridiculous. What’s a baby got to worry about? The idea that experiences bought by parents and offered by the wellness industry solve adolescent anxiety seems unpromising at best. As Raphael points out, the problem with wellness is “it’s very much tied to productivity, aesthetics (美学) and consumerism. It adds a pressure that you have to be working on yourself.” But I can’t see it ending. After all, as Ronald Purser, author of McMindfulness, told me: “You can never be too well; that’s why it’s a massive growth industry”. 1．What could be counted as a wellness activity? A．Aiming for top grades nonstop. B．Practicing mindfulness using an app. C．Checking social media for attention. D．Skipping meals to manage body shape. 2．What is a possible reason for teen mental health issues? A．A demand for services. B．A passion for sports. C．A ban on mental health. D．A lack of role models. 3．What would Rina Raphael agree with most? A．The fashion and beauty industries matter more to Gen Z. B．Teenagers are pressured to consume wellness products. C．Wellness Barbie assists children’s adaptation. D．Baby massage classes are not effective as expected. 4．What’s author’s attitude towards the wellness industry? A．Hopeful. B．Calm. C．Critical. D．Pessimistic. [08]（2025·浙江·二模）Will machines turn on humanity? Will we become slaves for a superior artificial intelligence? While such questions may seem to belong to the field of science fiction, the world-ending potential of AI is becoming an increasingly urgent topic—mostly due to the rapid ongoing development of popular technologies like ChatGPT. The more extreme concerns around AI involve what’s known as the singularity. In his 2010 paper The Singularity: A Philosophical Analysis, the philosopher David Chalmers describes the singularity as follows: “What happens when machines become more intelligent than humans? One view is that this event will be followed by an explosion to ever-greater levels of intelligence, as each generation of machines creates more intelligent machines in turn. This intelligence explosion is now known as the ‘singularity’.” The main worry is that, if such a singularity event were to occur, we’d no longer have authority over what happens in society. While influential figures across AI research express real concern about the singularity, however, American philosopher Daniel Dennett doesn’t buy it. As he puts it, “I am not worried about humanity creating a race of super-intelligent agents, but that does not mean I am not worried. I see other, less dramatic, but much more likely, scenarios in the immediate future that are cause for concern.” He argues that smart technology presents us with more practical threats that have a far higher likelihood of occurring. As Dennett clarifies: “The real danger is not that machines more intelligent than we are will usurp (篡夺) our role as captains of our destinies, but that we will overestimate the comprehension of our latest thinking tools, easily ceding (让渡) authority to them far beyond their competence. ” Take transport. It’s not just aviation and shipping industries that depend on GPS for safe and efficient navigation: how many individuals now turn to their smartphones instead of using a road map? As Dennett summarizes: “Use it or lose it is the rule of thumb cited at this point. . . how concerned should we be that we are dumbing ourselves down by our growing reliance on intelligent machines? ” 1．What makes the future of AI become a hot topic? A．Advancement of technologies. B．Popularity of science fiction. C．Humanity of machines. D．Rise of unemployment. 2．Which of the following can best describe “singularity”? A．It is a fictional design that populates science novels. B．It is a hypothetical point where machines beat human intelligence. C．It is a mathematical model that predicts the development of AI. D．It is a possible situation where intelligence explosion is under control. 3．According to Daniel Dennett, what should we really worry about? A．The probable occurrence of singularity. B．Human's creation of super thinking tools. C．Machine's dominance over human beings. D．Human's misjudgment of AI's capabilities. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Super-intelligence: the future trend of AI. B．Overreliance: the real danger of AI. C．Singularity: the uncontrollable nature of AI. D．Reliability: the wide application of AI. [09]（2025·江苏·一模）When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time. “Pursuit of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist. Many of us are driven by the unconscious (下意识的) wish that if we could just have the perfect body, the perfect job and the perfect family, then we would be happy. For that reason, it can be one of the most significant barriers to happiness in life. The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the “good enough mother” who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect. He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated (沮丧的) and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves. Winnicott believed that while perfection is not a virtue, tolerance of imperfection is. If we cannot develop the capacity to tolerate imperfection in ourselves and in those around us, we can have no self-confidence, no sustainable relationships and no fulfilling career. If we’re always trying to build something called a perfect life, we aren’t really living the one we’re in. How do I know all this? I am a perfectionist in recovery. I’ve started to recognize my intolerance of imperfection — my need for certain things to be exactly as I would like them to be, from the way my husband chops his onions to my terror of being late — and it has made a huge difference to my relationship and my parenting. How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them? We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless (完美的) version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism. 1．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By presenting a successful ceremony. B．By showing her firm determination. C．By describing her personal experience. D．By introducing her perfect marriage. 2．What can we learn from the example of the “good enough mother”? A．Raising a child brings a mother much joy. B．Pursuing perfection is the duty of mothers. C．Meeting babies’ demands is very challenging. D．Responding instantly impacts babies’ growth. 3．What is the function of the two questions at the end of Paragraph 5? A．To shift topics. B．To make assumptions.C．To arouse interest. D．To encourage thinking. 4．Which of the following might the author approve of? A．A miss is as good as a mile. B．Haste makes waste. C．Close enough is good enough. D．Practice makes perfect. [10]（2025·广东·二模）Distraction is often said to be the major cognitive (认知的) crisis of our time. In a recent article in The Atlantic, Rose Horowitch noted that “university students have trouble staying focused on even a poem”, and many American middle and high schools have shifted from literary texts to shorter passages. Actually, accusations of declining attention are nothing new in modernity. Even in the early 20th century, Ezra Pound observed a shift from poetry to prose (散文), explaining it as a result of readers’ inability to engage with the linguistic complexity of poetry. Over the decades, similar complaints about attention have continued. Yet, Horowitch suggests that rather than a loss of reading ability, we may be witnessing a shift in consumption habits. Students now view reading books much like listening to old record albums — outdated. Meanwhile, the popularity of audiobooks continues to grow. This suggests that the issue is not an inability to read long novels but rather a shift in what people value. “Students can still read books,” Horowitch wrote. “They’re just choosing not to.” This raises a deeper question: What kind of attention do we truly need, and why? Psychologists distinguish between focused attention and broader attention. In the famous Invisible Gorilla Experiment, participants counting basketball passes failed to notice a person in a gorilla suit dancing in the background. A wider focus, in contrast, may engage different cognitive skills and offer unique benefits. Could the younger generation be developing valuable attention modes we fail to recognize? What of the rapid, quick-fire, written exchanges of instant messaging? The art of making short and clever statements in 140 or 280 characters? What about the skills and quick reactions needed in video games? These new ways of engaging with content challenge us to rethink — with history as our guide — how we might approach long-form culture in fresh and flexible ways. 1．What does the underlined word “accusations” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Criticisms. B．Origins. C．Trends. D．Indicators. 2．What does the increase of audiobook listeners imply according to Horowitch? A．Printed books are less accessible. B．Reading preferences have changed. C．Digital reading devices are more popular. D．Modern people have limited reading time. 3．Why does the author mention the Invisible Gorilla Experiment in paragraph 4? A．To display the difficulty of multitasking. B．To illustrate the limitation of focused attention. C．To prove the wide presence of distraction in daily life. D．To stress the importance of cognitive flexibility in sports. 4．What will probably be discussed next? A．More valuable lessons taught by history. B．Challenges facing the young generation. C．The impact of technology on literacy skills. D．Strategies for book reading in the digital age. [11]（24-25高三下·江苏南京·阶段练习）During WWII, mathematician Alan Turing gathered a team of logic experts to decode enemy messages, a key step toward victory. If there was one branch of mathematics which could be said they were using systematically, it was symbolic logic. However, The curriculum (课程) designs that methodically develop students’ symbolic logic abilities are relatively rare. Symbolic logic is a form of mathematics that lets us check whether certain conclusions correctly follow from a set of facts. Consider a library book-theft case. If a suspect wasn’t in the library on the day the theft happened, they can’t be the thief. If present, they may or may not be. Being in the library doesn’t mean they stole the book. Symbolic logic turns this kind of argument into algebra (代数), readily shared, solved and generalized for solving mysteries. For careers such as electrical engineering and computer science, the value of symbolic logic is undeniable. But it is not solely limited to technical fields. Rutgers University mathematician Gray Wenger argues that teaching responsible citizenship requires providing students with mathematical reasoning skills. For example, consider a debate over a study finding that most adults without high-school certificates earn less. A responsible citizen must think through the implications along the lines of the book-theft case example above. No certificate likely means lower income, but low income doesn’t mean no certificate. Training in symbolic logic makes these sorts of reasoning sink into their cognitive processes and become second nature to citizens. In addition, symbolic logic equips individuals to counter false claims by distinguishing between separate incidents and systematic evidence. The most effective strategy for this lies in preventive education—teaching people to recognize faulty reasoning at its source. Consider, for instance, some global-warming doubters use one day of cold weather as proof that global warming is a hoax (骗局). But a logical thinker can quickly spot that weather is short-term, while climate is long-term change. Some doubt the need for a separate symbolic logic course, believing other classes can do the job. In writing courses, for example, students learn how to spot illogical arguments, and elementary proofs are covered in trigonometry (三角学). Much can be gained by teaching people logical thinking without using any symbols. But only symbolic logic ensures logical strictness. A piecemeal approach isn’t enough; a full-semester course is needed for comprehensive learning. Symbolic logic is essential for intellectual development. By integrating symbolic logic into educational frameworks, we equip future generations with intellectual tools to navigate complex challenges. Training for it must be included in the curriculum and cannot be left to chance. 1．The book-theft case is mentioned in paragraph 2 to illustrate symbolic logic’s ______ . A．economical benefits B．basic principles C．cultural significance D．social influences 2．Why does Gray Wenger insist that symbolic logic be taught to all students? A．It cultivates automatic reasoning. B．It facilitates excellent debating. C．It enhances a natural sense of math. D．It justifies the income of citizens. 3．Armed with symbolic logic, people should be able to ______. A．tell between separate incidents B．solve complex puzzles quickly C．question the nature of education D．challenge the claims falsely made 4．The author may agree that current symbolic logic education is ______. A．acceptable as there are alternative classes to compensate B．unfulfilling but will naturally evolve without interference C．disappointing due to unwillingness to set a specific course D．questionable for people chance its integration into education [12]（24-25高三下·湖南·阶段练习）In recent years, there have been debates about whether animals have consciousness like we humans do. To look into it, we must first understand what consciousness actually means. A conscious being can be considered to be having subjective experiences of the world and its own body. If you are having a mental experience, you are conscious. We take "experience" to indicate the conscious sensation during states of wakeful processing of sensory perception, imagery or dreaming. A motion sensor might be able to sense the environment, but it is probably not aware that it could do so. Since non-human subjects cannot verbally report their experiences, there is very limited knowledge of how their mental process works. However, by observing animal behaviour, we can see that they react to the environment too: fight, flight, or curiosity. It is logical to say that animals possess consciousness the way humans do. According to experts, consciousness depletes (耗费) something in the waking brain, and we cannot keep it up indefinitely. The need to sleep is thus not forced upon us by our environment, but by the needs of the brain itself. If sleeping serves to bring back the thing that is depleted because of our consciousness, it is reasonable to think that animals that have to sleep are conscious when they are awake. Besides, animals also possess a special emotion that many people think only humans show — empathy. One ecologist witnessed a humpback whale sweeping a seal out of the water and onto its fin to keep it away from nearby killer whales. Though incidents like this seem extraordinary to us, animals have probably been doing it for millions of years. The study of animal consciousness has tremendous implications. Must different species be treated differently depending on their display of moral traits, their ability to experience and show emotion, and their specific level of consciousness? Must we have a bill of animal rights in place that can guide us in what is proper and lawful conduct in relation to specific species? These are just some questions researchers and policymakers, with further research, will be able to address. 1．How is paragraph 2 developed? A．By making comparisons. B．By giving definitions. C．By analyzing cause and effect. D．By presenting arguments. 2．Which is a proof of animal consciousness? A．They are capable of staying awake during the day. B．They use a special language during communication. C．They are able to respond to the surroundings. D．They tend to depend on each other for survival. 3．Why do humans and animals need to sleep according to the text? A．It makes them better adapt to the environment. B．It helps restore what is consumed by consciousness. C．It is a natural habit that formed over millions of years. D．It is necessary for the refreshment of physical strength. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Consciousness as a distinctive human characteristic. B．The evolution of consciousness in humans. C．Ways to study the mental process of animals. D．The display of consciousness in animals. [13]（24-25高三下·河南信阳·阶段练习）In Permutation City, a novel by Greg Egan, the character Peer, having total control over virtual reality, finds himself terribly bored. So he engineers himself to have new passions. One moment he is pushing the boundaries of higher mathematics; the next he is writing operas. Peer’s changeableness relates to a deeper point. When technology has solved humanity’s deepest problems, what is left to do? That is one question considered in a new publication by Nick Bostrom, a philosopher at the University of Oxford. In Mr. Bostrom’s latest book, Deep Utopia, he considers a situation where technology progresses to the point at which it can do all economically valuable work at near-zero cost. Under a yet more extreme situation, even tasks that you might think would be reserved for humans, such as parenting, can be done better by artificial intelligence (AI) . Mr. Bostrom describes a “post-scarcity (后稀缺)” Utopia. In such a world, the need for work would be reduced. Almost a century ago English economist John Maynard Keynes wrote an essay, which predicted that 100 years into the future his wealthy offspring would need to work for only 15 hours a week. This has not quite come to pass, but working time has fallen greatly. When aided by powerful tech, Mr. Bostrom writes, “the space of possible-for-us experiences extends far beyond those that are accessible to us with our present unoptimized (未优化的) brains.” Yet Mr. Bostrom’s label of a “post-scarcity” Utopia might be slightly misleading: the economic explosion caused by superintelligence would still be limited by physical resources, most notably land. Although space exploration may hugely increase the building space available, it will not make it boundless. Keynes himself wrote that “there is no country and no people, I think, who can look forward to the age of leisure and of abundance (充裕) without feeling uneasy, for we have been trained too long to labor and not to enjoy.” Although most humans want a better world, if tech becomes too advanced, they may lose purpose. It is open to question how long humans would be happy switching between passions, as Peer docs in Permutation City. 1．Why does Peer take up mathematics and opera? A．They are his lifelong ambitions. B．They are realistically achievable. C．He attempts to integrate engineering into art. D．He attempts to give his life a sense of purpose. 2．What will possibly happen according to Deep Utopia? A．AI will dominate human intelligence. B．A 15-hour workweek will become standard. C．AI will undertake jobs once unique to humans. D．Economically valuable jobs will be in great demand. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward Mr. Bostrom’s “post-scarcity” Utopia? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Tolerant. D．Grateful. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Age of Leisure: A Blessing or a Hidden Worry? B．Technology and the Future of Work: Hope or Crisis? C．Advanced Technology: Advantage or Trouble? D．Post-scarcity Utopia: Reality or Fantasy? [14]（2025·湖北·二模）When someone proposes a false claim, what’s the best way to change their mind? A recent paper suggests that immediately negating the claim with evidence isn’t especially effective. Instead, “bypassing” the false claim with positive counter(反)-claims about the topic might be a better strategy. The classic response to someone presenting misinformation is to present counter-evidence. As the researchers at the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) put it, “The gold standard for tackling misinformation is usually a correction that actually contradicts the misinformation.” Suppose, for example, that your dad passes back the roast potatoes over a family dinner, saying, “Are these GMOs (转基因产品)? Nah, don’t want any more physical reactions.” You might then say, “Actually, the health bodies of all the G7 agree that GMOs do not cause reactions.” But that likely won’t work. The APPC team conducted six experiments where they compared actually correcting someone with “bypassing” and found that using evidence and facts to disprove someone tends to be far less successful at changing attitudes. So, what is bypassing and why is it seemingly more effective? Bypassing is where, instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim, you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic. For example, if someone tells you that 5G kills birds, tell them that 5G adds billions to the world economy. Bypassing means not meeting your misinformed opponent head-on. This is not a battle of arguments or the studies. You are pushing an argument into a different position. It’s using someone’s movements and logic against them. There are limitations to what the team at APPC has concluded. Their study into bypassing was largely about attitudes to policies, not about belief change or belief correction. Someone might still believe that 5G kills birds or that GMOs cause reactions, but admit that those are necessary bad things, compared to the positive outcomes you present them with. So, bypassing isn’t the only tool available, and it might not even be the best if your concern is belief change. Changing someone’s belief is a complicated psychological topic, and there is definitely no one-size-fits-all strategy. When it comes to policy decisions and willingness to accept a certain technology or medicine, bypassing seems like a valuable tool to add to your kit. 1．According to the APPC research, how does “bypassing” differ from traditional corrections? A．It uses stronger evidence. B．It adopts emotional appeals. C．It offers positive arguments. D．It focuses on unrelated topics. 2．Which can be used as an example of “bypassing”? A．GMOs are safe to eat because scientists say so. B．GMOs can produce higher output with less cost. C．5G kill birds, but their benefits outweigh the risks. D．5G doesn’t kill birds, for they show no connection. 3．What do we know about the “bypassing” tool according to the text? A．It is the most reliable way. B．It may help accept policies. C．It appears frequently in debates. D．It is effective in belief correction. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Bypassing: A Better Way to Shift Attitudes? B．Changing one’s Mind: Bypass Indirectly! C．Challenging Misinformation: Bypass it! D．Negating the claim: does it work? [15]（24-25高三下·安徽·阶段练习）Would you turn down the chance to become a genius? We have long been fascinated by quick fixes that could increase our intelligence. Today, people’s hopes lie in brain training apps as a speedy “digital pill”, some of which claim to result in “smarter minds”. But is this quick fix all it is cracked up to be? There are plenty of brain training apps, mostly on smartphones, but they all share the same characteristics: they turn mental exercises like simple arithmetic, memory tests and logic and pattern-matching problems into quick games. The more you play, the smarter you will get, the app claims. The use of game mechanics for serious purposes has become widespread with the invention of the Internet and smartphones. Brain training apps are at the frontline. Many of the apps say they are backed by “science”, a claim I found surprising as a former neuroscientist. The notion that increasing intelligence would be as simple as practicing a few mini games every day is contrary to what we have discovered about how humans think and learn. Several major studies of brain training apps, surveying a diverse range of thousands of users across a wide variety of apps, have found that they have almost no effect on users’ performance. A 2021 study by researchers at Western University in Canada discovered that “brain training has no appreciable effect on cognitive functioning in the ‘real world’, even after extensive training periods”. The positive effects that have been found are limited to the very specific mini-games and tasks that users are trained on, such as the ability to memorize lists of words or numbers, or perform mental arithmetic, with little application to other skills. So, if your career involves being able to do sums quickly or remember phone numbers, you may be satisfied with these apps. But if you are expecting them to improve your ability to write a novel or construct a complex mind-map, I am afraid you will want to look elsewhere. 1．What is the main feature of brain training apps? A．Complex scientific support. B．Expert psychological increase. C．Game-driven mental enhancement. D．Advanced smartphone technologies. 2．What does the author think of the apps’ claim? A．They are supported by scientists. B．They receive widespread employment. C．They go against human learning systems. D．They make the intelligence progress simple. 3．In which case could the apps users benefit according to the Canada research? A．When they can use the skills elsewhere. B．When the apps impact the cognitive abilities. C．When they have longer training periods. D．When the games are limited to particular tasks. 4．What is the suitable title for the passage? A．Brain Training Apps Are Booming B．There Is No App for a Smarter Brain C．Power Your Brain with Scientific Apps D．Game Proves Ineffective in Intelligence [16]（2025·河北·二模）AI chatbots, like ChatGPT, are rapidly changing how we learn, communicate, and even protect ourselves from misinformation. As these technologies advance, it’s clear that regulation is necessary, but there is no consensus (共识) on what form it should take. Mira Murati, head of ChatGPT’s development team, has called for government involvement without offering specific plans. Similarly, Elon Musk has suggested the need for a regulatory body, but the details remain unclear. To break the impasse (僵局), I propose transparency (透明) and detection requirements tailored specifically to chatbots, which are computer programs that rely on artificial intelligence to converse with users and produce fluent text in response to typed requests. The first regulatory requirement I propose is that all consumer-facing apps involving chatbot technology make public the text that the AI was first trained on. The training text greatly influences how the chatbot behaves. For example, if it is trained on Reddit posts, the chatbot may adopt the informal tone typical of that platform. By knowing what data is used,the public can identify any harmful content in the AI’s responses, helping to avoid the use of toxic or unreliable sources. The human evaluators also hugely shape a chatbot’s behavıor, which points to a second transparency requirement. These evaluators shape how the chatbot interacts with users, so it is important for the public to understand the principles they follow. Clear guidelines will help ensure that chatbots are designed to be accurate, safe, and fair. Detection drives the third needed requirement. More institutions consider banning chatbot - produced text, but a ban isn’t worth much if there’s no way to detect chatbot text.Luckily, there’s a better way — one that OpenAI may soon implement: watermarking. This is a technical method that provides a hidden stamp identifying the text with its chatbot author. The transparency and detection measures proposed here would not hinder AI progress, but simply make it easier for consumers to make informed decisions and for people to identify AI-generated content. By taking these steps, we can create a safer, more accountable future for AI technology. 1．What can be learned from the first paragraph? A．Misinformation is flooding the social media. B．We need focused regulation of AI chatbots. C．Technological advances badly affect the youth. D．It’s the government’s duty to oversee tech users. 2．What should AI companies do about the data used to train chatbots according to the text? A．Process it in a legal way. B．Make it publicly available. C．Seek users’ advice about it. D．Update it as soon as possible. 3．What does the underlined word “hinder” in the last paragraph mean? A．Guide. B．Favour. C．Declare. D．Prevent. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To call for action to keep online security. B．To argue for lifting a ban on ChatGPT. C．To introduce a new study on AI chatbots. D．To voice his views on AI development. [17]（2025·江西南昌·二模）What if everything happens for a reason? It’s a theory that we’ve all heard more than once. And in many ways, burnt toast theory can be seen as a modern take on this classic idea, implying that every little inconvenience we experience in our day-to-day lives happens for a bigger reason. We’ve all been there. Say you accidentally burn your toast before leaving for work. According to burnt toast theory, this single, tiny inconvenience is enough to have a domino effect (多米诺效应). Your morning is then pushed back by what, maybe three to five minutes? Perhaps that is enough time to leave the house a little bit later than usual, and to avoid getting in a car accident. Or it might mean you end up getting a later train, and avoid bumping into someone who you’d really rather avoid. In other words, the burnt toast theory is a reminder to shift your thinking pattern. When we choose to view the world in a more positive light, we can help to reduce feelings of anxiety, and release our fear of being out of control of the world around us. It prevents us from thinking over something that isn’t really all that bad in the grand perspective of things and encourages us to make meaning of challenges we may experience, thus making us more adaptive to the future setbacks. The next time you feel yourself becoming annoyed or frustrated by an inconvenience in your life, try reshaping your thoughts by telling yourself why you’re grateful for the inconvenience. While maintaining a positive mindset can go a long way, burnt toast theory is not without its drawbacks. Be mindful that only allowing yourself to focus on positive thoughts can mean that you are denying yourself the chance to properly engage with challenging or difficult emotions, instead focusing on creating a false positive profile. 1．What may be a case of the burnt toast theory? A．Gaining rewards after paying efforts. B．Losing a job after forgetting to set an alarm. C．Meeting a future employer after missing a flight. D．Mending friendship after clearing misunderstandings. 2．What is the result of applying the burnt toast theory according to paragraph 3? A．Better judgement on fears. B．Richer experience from failures. C．The removal of daily inconveniences. D．The harvest of a positive mindset. 3．Which aspect of the theory does the last paragraph focus on? A．Would-be projects. B．Real-world applications. C．Potential weaknesses. D．Practical advantages. 4．What is probably the best title of the text? A．Less Is More B．Make a Lemon Lemonade C．Once Bitten, Twice Shy D．Better Late Than Never [18]（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）In 1991, a group of eight middle schoolers from Harlem went to Michigan to compete in the National Junior High School Chess Championship tournament. No one had seen these kids coming — many of them from under-resourced schools and communities. But they went on to win first place, making them and their coach, Maurice Ashely, instant celebrities. This heartwarming story is one of many tales recounted in Adam Grant’s new book, Hidden Potential. His mission is to challenge conventional wisdom around innate (天生) talent, hard work, or past performance as being predictors of success, and he argues that nurture is more important than nature when it comes to developing everyone’s potential. Grant argues that anyone can get better at what they want to achieve if they focus on the right skills and have the right kinds of support in place. “Summoning the nerve to face discomfort is a character skill — an especially important form of determination,” Grant writes. “If we avoid the discomfort of learning techniques that don’t come easily to us, we limit our own growth.” Alternatively, seeking discomfort deliberately can have the opposite effect — helping us to expand our knowledge and skills. Making errors and getting comfortable with imperfection helps you learn things quickly. In the book, Grant writes about how we can spread opportunity better in society. For example, he stresses the importance of designing schools to give all children the potential to learn. He points to Finland, where schools have focused on making education playful, while making teachers to be experts on students’ learning and helping students to pursue their interests and develop skills. All in all, Grant’s message is that there is much we can do to bring out our own potential and to see the potential in others. By recognizing setbacks (挫折) as a part of learning and character-building, and support as necessary for growth, we can allow more people to do great things and so add their particular gift to the world. 1．What is the book aimed at? A．Introducing ways to nurture individuals. B．Presenting predictors of success. C．Challenging convention about success. D．Stressing the importance of nurture in success. 2．What do the underlined words “Summoning the nerve” mean in paragraph 3? A．Asking for help.              C． Accepting the truth. B．Seeking opportunities.         D．Working up the courage. 3．What does Grant want to convey by mentioning Finland? A．It’s important to develop each child’s potential. B．Finland’s teachers are experts in teaching. C．Making learning playful is the key to education. D．Finland’s education produces many geniuses. 4．What is the text? A．A short story. B．A book review. C．A research article. D．A news report. 试卷第18页，共19页 试卷第19页，共19页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 《2025新高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典》 专题13 考前必做阅读理解议论文突破（名师点津+精准押题）解析版 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货 一、阅读理解议论文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、重视议论文“总分(总)”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 三、形容词适配题注意原文定位，找到动词或形容词，确定最佳答案。 四、猜词词义题注意运用“代入法”“排除法”从逻辑性和褒贬性出发。 五、段落大意题注意定位段落和段首句概括作用，同时关注选项差异。 六、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 七、议论文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 八、满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 押题专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ [01]（2025·福建泉州·三模）Artificial intelligence has persuaded a lot of folks that we need to undertake a comprehensive reform of education. Now that chatbots can speedily access information and answer complex questions, why bother memorizing historical facts or quotations? Shouldn’t we instead teach kids to think critically and solve problems and leave the boring duties to computers? There’s a problem with these arguments: humans require knowledge to think creatively. Outsourcing our memory and cognition (认知) to Google and AI risks making us less intelligent and more subject to false information. In 2000. American educator E.D．Hirsch noted in his essay: The internet places information at our fingertips, but using it demands existing knowledge’ stores. This principle drove the UK’s 2014 curriculum reform empowering multiplication table mastery (乘法口诀表) by age nine — not merely for calculation skills. but to build the neural frameworks (神经框架) enabling complex reasoning. As former schools minister Nick Gibb stressed: “Google it’s effectively depends on what’s stored in long-term memory.” “The suggestion we should outsource our memory to “free up” limited space for more creative thinking is based on a misconception — we’re likely to overestimate our intelligence, mistaking knowledge found on the internet for our own,” writes Nicholas Carr in The Shallows. “When we start using the Web as a replacement for personal memory, bypassing the inner processes of consolidation (巩固), we risk emptying our minds of their riches.” Indeed, looking stuff up on Google often results in us not being able to recall it later — either because our brains are conditioned to think we don’t need to remember it, or because the internet, mobile phones and social media distract our attention, or both. If students come to rely on machines not just to recall facts but to think for them, it might not just be memory that suffers: cognition and creativity could atrophy, too. The solution lies not in rejecting technology, but in rebalancing its role. The UK’s knowledge-rich curriculum, despite disagreements, recognizes this truth: human intelligence advances when technology adds to rather than replaces learning. 1．What is the author’s concern about AI’s influence on education? A．Students avoid complex questions. B．Teachers prioritize memorizing facts. C．Students develop poor analysis and judgment. D．Teachers ignore students' creativity. 2．What do experts consistently emphasize? A．The necessity for technology improvement. B．The importance of knowledge storage. C．The reduction of internet usage. D．The replacement of complex reasoning. 3．What does the underlined word “atrophy” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Decline. B．Disappear. C．Strengthen. D．Stabilize. 4．Which of the following may the author agree? A．Limit AI to education. B．Avoid referring to AI in study. C．Search online for solutions beforehand. D．Use technology as an assistant. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人工智能对教育的影响，强调不能依赖它而忽视知识存储。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段的“There’s a problem with these arguments: humans require knowledge to think creatively. Outsourcing our memory and cognition (认知) to Google and AI risks making us less intelligent and more subject to false information.(这些论点有问题：人类需要知识来创造性地思考。将我们的记忆和认知外包给谷歌和人工智能，可能会让我们变得不那么聪明，更容易受到虚假信息的影响)”以及第五段的“If students come to rely on machines not just to recall facts but to think for them, it might not just be memory that suffers: cognition and creativity could atrophy, too.(如果学生开始不仅依赖机器来回忆事实，还让机器替他们思考，那么受损的可能就不只是记忆力了：认知能力和创造力也可能会衰退)”可知，作者担心人工智能会让人们变得不那么聪明，更容易受到虚假信息影响，认知能力和创造力也可能会衰退。由此可推知，学生可能会发展出较差的分析和判断能力。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“In 2000. American educator E.D. Hirsch noted in his essay: The internet places information at our fingertips, but using it demands existing knowledge’ stores.(2000年，美国教育家E.D.赫希在他的文章中指出：互联网将信息放在我们的指尖，但使用它需要现有的知识储备)”以及第四段的“When we start using the Web as a replacement for personal memory, bypassing the inner processes of consolidation (巩固), we risk emptying our minds of their riches.(当我们开始用网络取代个人记忆，绕过巩固的内在过程时，我们就有可能让我们的思想失去财富)”可知，专家们一直强调知识储备的重要性。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前半句话“If students come to rely on machines not just to recall facts but to think for them, it might not just be memory that suffers: cognition and creativity could atrophy, too.(如果学生开始依赖机器，不仅是为了回忆事实，而是为了替他们思考，那么受影响的可能不仅仅是记忆：认知和创造力也可能atrophy)”可知，如果学生依赖机器来思考，不仅记忆会受损，认知和创造力也会受损，所以“atrophy”意思是“衰退，萎缩”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The solution lies not in rejecting technology, but in rebalancing its role. The UK’s knowledge-rich curriculum, despite disagreements, recognizes this truth: human intelligence advances when technology adds to rather than replaces learning.(解决办法不在于拒绝技术，而在于重新平衡它的作用。英国的知识丰富的课程，尽管存在分歧，但承认了这一事实：当技术增加而不是取代学习时，人类智力就会进步)”可推知，作者认为应该重新平衡技术的作用，将技术作为学习的辅助工具，而不是取代学习。故选D。 [02]（2025·北京通州·一模）In an era dominated by rapid technological advancements and the increasing demand for STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) skills, the value of liberal arts education is under scrutiny. However, recent discussions and research suggest that liberal arts education remains not only relevant but essential for addressing the complex challenges of the modern world. Liberal arts education is often defined as a multidisciplinary approach to learning. One of the key arguments in favor of liberal arts education is its role in fostering well-rounded individuals capable of navigating a rapidly changing job market. While STEM degrees often lead to higher starting salaries and more immediate job opportunities, liberal arts graduates tend to exhibit greater adaptability and versatility (多才多艺) over time. Moreover, liberal arts provide a foundation for understanding the complexities of human society and culture. In a globalized world, the ability to navigate diverse perspectives and engage with different cultures is increasingly important. The study of history, literature, and philosophy helps students develop empathy and a deeper understanding of the world around them, which is crucial in a globalized workforce where cross-cultural communication is the norm. Another significant aspect of liberal arts education is its role in fostering ethical and responsible citizens. In a world where technology can have profound impacts on society, the humanities provide a framework for understanding the ethical implications of new developments. For example, philosophers and ethicists are crucial in addressing moral questions surrounding artificial intelligence and data privacy. The integration of liberal arts and STEM education has also gained recognition in recent years. The STEAM (STEM+Arts) movement emphasizes the importance of combining technical skills with creativity, critical thinking, and ethical reasoning. By incorporating liberal arts into STEM education, students can develop a more well-rounded skill set that prepares them to address complex, real-world problems. Despite the challenges posed by the digital age, liberal arts education continues to play a vital role in shaping adaptable, ethical, and culturally competent individuals. As Jeffrey Scheuer notes, “It’s the thinking, it’s the critical thinking that I argue is the common thread, really the trunk on which all of these different disciplines grow.” 1．What does the phrase “under scrutiny” underlined in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Being widely praised and encouraged. B．Being overestimated and highly stressed. C．Facing careful examination and questioning. D．Receiving complete support without challenge. 2．What is the key advantage of liberal arts graduates compared to STEM graduates? A．More flexible and diverse capabilities, B．Specialized technical training for specific industries. C．Expertise in ethical artificial intelligence development. D．Higher starting salaries and immediate job opportunities. 3．Why does the author mention philosophers and ethicists in Paragraph 3? A．To point out their lack of technical skills. B．To support the mentioned idea specifically. C．To highlight their involvement in designing AI systems. D．To show the crucial roles of philosophy and ethics in libera arts. 4．Which of the followings would be the most suitable title for the passage? A．The Decline of Liberal Arts Education B．The Integration of Liberal Arts and STEM C．The Adaptability of Liberal Arts Graduates D．The Value of Liberal Arts in the Digital Age 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了在科技飞速发展的时代，文科教育依然具有重要价值及其多方面的优势。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在的句子“In an era dominated by rapid technological advancements and the increasing demand for STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) skills, the value of liberal arts education is under scrutiny. (在一个以快速技术进步和对STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）技能需求不断增长为主导的时代，文科教育的价值under scrutiny。)”结合划线短语后的“However, recent discussions and research suggest that liberal arts education remains not only relevant but essential for addressing the complex challenges of the modern world.(然而，最近的讨论和研究表明，文科教育不仅仍然具有相关性，而且对于应对现代世界的复杂挑战至关重要。) ”可知，前后为转折关系，最近的讨论和研究表明文科教育仍然重要，由此可推断，前面应该是文科教育的价值面临着审视和质疑，所以划线短语的意思与“面临仔细的审视和质疑”符合逻辑。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“While STEM degrees often lead to higher starting salaries and more immediate job opportunities, liberal arts graduates tend to exhibit greater adaptability and versatility (多才多艺) over time.(虽然STEM学位往往会带来更高的起薪和更直接的工作机会，但随着时间的推移，文科毕业生往往表现出更强的适应性和多才多艺。)”可知，与STEM专业毕业生相比，文科毕业生的关键优势是有更灵活和多样的能力。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Another significant aspect of liberal arts education is its role in fostering ethical and responsible citizens. In a world where technology can have profound impacts on society, the humanities provide a framework for understanding the ethical implications of new developments. For example, philosophers and ethicists are crucial in addressing moral questions surrounding artificial intelligence and data privacy.(文科教育的另一个重要方面是它在培养有道德和负责任的公民方面的作用。在一个技术可以对社会产生深远影响的世界里，人文学科为理解新发展的伦理含义提供了一个框架。例如，哲学家和伦理学家在解决围绕人工智能和数据隐私的道德问题方面至关重要。)”可知，作者提到哲学家和伦理学家是为了具体支持前文提出的观点：人文学科为理解新技术的伦理影响提供了框架，因此属于举例支持。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据首段“In an era dominated by rapid technological advancements and the increasing demand for STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) skills, the value of liberal arts education is under scrutiny. However, recent discussions and research suggest that liberal arts education remains not only relevant but essential for addressing the complex challenges of the modern world.(在一个以快速技术进步和对 STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）技能需求不断增长为主导的时代，文科教育的价值under scrutiny。然而，最近的讨论和研究表明，文科教育不仅仍然具有相关性，而且对于应对现代世界的复杂挑战至关重要。)”可知，文章开篇指出在科技时代文科教育价值受到审视，结合下文论述的文科教育在培养全面发展的人、有道德的公民以及STEM教育融合等方面的重要作用，强调了文科教育在数字时代的价值，由此可知，标题“数字时代文科教育的价值”与本文的内容吻合，且可以概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D。 [03]（2025·广西贵港·三模）Growing up, my older brother, a science enthusiast, shared fascinating facts with me, like how our cells are completely new every seven years. This idea highlighted the concept of constant change in our selves, meaning I'm a physically different person from the one I was years ago. Today, I often wonder: Am I a story that's constantly being written? people have debated this for a long time, with ancient Greeks arguing whether a thing's true essence lies in its unchanging nature or its ongoing development. Plato believed that natural science focuses on the changing physical world, while philosophy, using intelligence and reason, explored the change less eternal (永恒). For instance, veterinary science studies growing dogs, but philosophers question the idea of “Dog” itself. Aristotle agreed that science explains what we see but argued that the material universe is in constant change. He believed change is part of the true nature of things and your virtue is about who you're turning into, not a fixed identity. As such, becoming was his focus, rather than some perfect invisible being. So, which is your view, and how does that guide the way you live? None of this is to say the choice between Platonism and Aristotelianism is absolute. We all have some unchanging characteristics, and we also change in many ways. The philosophical perspective you adopt will depend on how you principally define yourself and what you choose to pay attention to as you move through the world. Are you more like a Platonist or an Aristotelian? It depends on whether you see yourself as having a fixed identity or a changing story. Today’s culture often pushes you to be a Platonist, defining yourself as a certain type of person. This can make you a repeat customer and give you a sense of belonging. But it might also keep you in situations you don't like. Being more like an Aristotelian can set you free. 1．What did the author tell us about our cells in Paragraph 1? A．The unchanging nature of our souls. B．The ongoing transformation of our bodies. C．The belief that our science and nature do not change. D．The idea that we are the same person through our lives. 2．According to Aristotle, what is the focus of understanding a dog? A．Its unchanging nature. B．Its determined essence. C．Its stable identity. D．Its continuous development. 3．How does modem culture tend to influence personal identity, according to the text? A．By pushing people to de fin c themselves into fix cd identities. B．By suggesting that personal identity will be a mystery forever. C．By encouraging individuals to accept constant change and growth. D．By promoting that individual identity is deter min cd by belongings. 4．Which of the following could be the most suitable title for the passage? A．Plate v. s. Aristotle: the Battle of Ideas. B．The Philosophical Outlook: A Defined Personality. C．Becoming v. s. Being: Viewpoint on Personal Identity. D．The Unchanging Universe: A Philosophical Dilemma. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨关于个人身份的两种不同观点，即柏拉图主义强调不变的本质和固定身份，亚里士多德主义注重持续变化和发展，并分析了这两种观点对人们理解自我和生活方式的影响，同时指出现代文化对个人身份认知的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Growing up, my older brother, a science enthusiast, shared fascinating facts with me, like how our cells are completely new every seven years. This idea highlighted the concept of constant change in our selves, meaning I'm a physically different person from the one I was years ago. (在成长过程中，我的哥哥是一个科学爱好者，他和我分享了一些有趣的事实，比如我们的细胞每七年就会更新一次。这个想法强调了我们自我不断变化的概念，这意味着我的身体与几年前的我不同。) ”可知，作者提到细胞每七年完全更新一次，强调了我们自身的不断变化，故推断作者想告诉的是我们身体在持续转变。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Aristotle agreed that science explains what we see but argued that the material universe is in constant change. He believed change is part of the true nature of things and your virtue is about who you're turning into, not a fixed identity. As such, becoming was his focus, rather than some perfect invisible being. (亚里士多德同意科学可以解释我们所看到的，但他认为物质世界是不断变化的。他相信改变是事物本质的一部分，你的美德是关于你要变成什么样的人，而不是一个固定的身份。因此，成为是他关注的焦点，而不是某个完美的无形存在。) ”可知，亚里士多德认为物质宇宙处于不断变化中，变化是事物的本质，他关注的是 “成为”（变化）而不是固定的东西。所以理解一只狗的重点是它的持续发展。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Are you more like a Platonist or an Aristotelian? It depends on whether you see yourself as having a fixed identity or a changing story. Today's culture often pushes you to be a Platonist, defining yourself as a certain type of person. (你是柏拉图主义者还是亚里士多德主义者？这取决于你认为自己是一个固定的身份还是一个不断变化的故事。今天的文化常常促使你成为柏拉图主义者，把自己定义为某种类型的人。) ”可知，现代文化常常促使人们成为柏拉图主义者，将自己定义为某种类型的人，也就是把自己定义为固定的身份。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，可知文章主要讨论了柏拉图和亚里士多德对于事物本质的不同观点，柏拉图认为哲学探索不变的永恒，而亚里士多德认为变化是事物的本质，然后延伸到个人身份，探讨了我们是具有固定身份（Being）还是一个不断变化的故事（Becoming），所以C选项“成为与存在：关于个人身份的观点”符合文章大意，适合作标题，故选C。 [04]（2025·河北唐山·二模）A few weeks ago I bought two sunflowers. After giving them the water they had clearly missed in the shop, I started reflecting on how closely plant care and philosophy are connected. The two, I realized, share more than meets the eye. You care for plants, and enjoy the life that develops thanks to your care, but the process is never finished. It continues until the plant completes its life cycle and then starts all over again. Philosophy works in the same way: new ideas, insights and perspectives are constantly emerging from the care taken with existing ideas. So just as plants grow and bloom, philosophical thinking is an ongoing process of becoming which never really reaches an end point. But it is precisely this constant thinking that keeps us focused and stimulates our creativity. Philosophical thinking, like caring for plants, also has its own pace and requires patience. While we think, little seems to be happening. The thinker seems to lose himself in reasoning. In this he is like the gardener who also plays a largely passive role between sowing and harvesting. The gardener can do little but wait, observe-and perhaps attend to his own thoughts. His strong urge for activity does not help him. As Martin Heidegger's philosophy suggests, true waiting is without expectation, an attitude of openness to Being itself. Furthermore, both gardening and philosophy are far from useful in the traditional understanding of the word. There’s little immediate economic benefit in watering house plants. The same goes for philosophy: there is no visible productivity associated with it-unless, like me, you suffer from a case of “obsessive (痴迷的) book buying disorder”, which might have some economic value. This simple moment in the garden reveals a fundamental insight: nurturing (养护) plants is an exploration of pure existence! Moreover, the form of plant reality is constantly changing, in a constant cycle of growth, flowering, and decay (腐烂) . Yet behind this constant process of becoming, there may also be a permanent being. We also find this tension between becoming and being in philosophy. So even watering plants raises more questions than you might think. But isn't questioning precisely the nature of both philosophy, and life itself? 1．Why does the author compare plant care with philosophy? A．They aim for precise results. B．They involve ongoing process. C．They require regular reflection. D．They meet constant challenges. 2．What does the metaphor of the gardener tell us? A．Hard work pays off. B．You harvest what you expect. C．Nature has its own course. D．Experience is the best teacher. 3．How does the author sound when talking about his book buying habit? A．Humorous. B．Critical. C．Guilty. D．Hopeful. 4．What does the author suggest readers should do? A．Ask more questions. B．Grow more houseplants. C．Find clear answers about life. D．Teach others about philosophy. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过自己购买并照料向日葵的经历，阐述了植物养护与哲学之间存在的紧密联系。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“You care for plants, and enjoy the life that develops thanks to your care, but the process is never finished. It continues until the plant completes its life cycle and then starts all over again. Philosophy works in the same way: new ideas, insights and perspectives are constantly emerging from the care taken with existing ideas. So just as plants grow and bloom, philosophical thinking is an ongoing process of becoming which never really reaches an end point.(你照料植物，并享受因你的照料而生长的生命，但这个过程永远不会结束。它会一直持续，直到植物完成它的生命周期，然后又重新开始。哲学也是如此：新的想法、见解和观点不断地从对现有想法的关注中涌现出来。所以，就像植物生长和开花一样，哲学思考是一个不断发展的过程，永远不会真正到达终点)”可推知，作者将植物养护与哲学作比较是因为它们都涉及持续的过程。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The thinker seems to lose himself in reasoning. In this he is like the gardener who also plays a largely passive role between sowing and harvesting. The gardener can do little but wait, observe—and perhaps attend to his own thoughts. His strong urge for activity does not help him. As Martin Heidegger's philosophy suggests, true waiting is without expectation, an attitude of openness to Being itself.(思考者似乎在推理中迷失了自我。在这方面，他就像园丁一样，在播种和收获之间扮演着很大程度上的被动角色。园丁除了等待、观察——也许还要关注自己的思想，几乎无能为力。他强烈的行动冲动对他没有帮助。正如马丁・海德格尔的哲学所暗示的，真正的等待是没有期待的，是一种对存在本身开放的态度)” 可推知，园丁的隐喻告诉我们自然有其自身的发展过程，人类不应过度干预，而应保持耐心和开放的态度。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The same goes for philosophy: there is no visible productivity associated with it—unless, like me, you suffer from a case of  “obsessive (痴迷的) book buying disorder”, which might have some economic value.(哲学也是如此：它没有明显的生产力——除非，像我一样，你患有 “痴迷买书症”，这可能有一些经济价值)”作者把自己痴迷买书的行为戏称为 “痴迷买书症”，用一种诙谐的方式来表达，并且以一种调侃的语气说这可能有经济价值，由此可推断作者谈论自己买书习惯时听起来是幽默的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段 “So even watering plants raises more questions than you might think. But isn't questioning precisely the nature of both philosophy, and life itself? (所以，即使是给植物浇水也会引发比你想象中更多的问题。但提问不正是哲学和生活本身的本质吗？)”可推知，作者认为提问是哲学和生活的本质，因此作者建议读者应该提出更多问题。故选A。 [05]（2025·山西·二模）AI has convinced many that we must reform education. Now that chatbots can speedily access information and answer complex questions, why bother memorizing historical facts or quotations? Shouldn’t we instead teach kids to think critically and solve problems, leaving the boring work to computers? In a 2000 essay, two years after Google was founded, educator E. D．Hirsch demolished the argument that we can always just look things up. “Cognitive（认知的）psychology holds that prior knowledge helps us absorb more of what we learn and provides the fuel for creative thinking,” he wrote, “the Internet has placed a wealth of information at our fingertips. To be able to use that information, we must already possess a storehouse of knowledge.” Nick Gibb, a former UK school minister, echoed this in 2021, stating that the ability to “just google it” is highly dependent on what a person has stored in their long-term memory. The suggestion that we should outsource our memory to “free up” limited space for more active thinking is based on a misconception. Thanks to the brain’s plasticity, its long-term memory center can expand. Daisy Christodoulou, author of Seven Myths about Education, warms that using the web as a personal memory skips mental consolidation, risking emptying our minds and damaging our learning ability. Indeed, searching online often results in us not being able to recall it later — either because our brains assume we don’t need to remember it, or because the digital distractions divide our attention. We’re also likely to overestimate our intelligence, mistaking knowledge found on the Internet for our own. If students relied on webs not just for facts but for thinking, not only memory but also cognition and creativity would face negative outcomes. The once-steady rise in IQ scores has changed in some countries, as reported. Governments are still exploring AI’s role in education. While AI may enhance learning, we must not abandon foundational knowledge. In an era of misinformation, it’s even more vital that we humans have a firm grasp of basic facts. 1．What does the underlined word “demolished” mean in paragraph 2? A．Rejected. B．Proved. C．Proposed. D．Defended. 2．What is the key to using online resources according to paragraph 2? A．Learning ability. B．Prior knowledge. C．Creative thinking. D．Long-term memory capacity. 3．What result of web-memory dependence is described in paragraph 3? A．IQ scores will rise. B．Concentration will improve. C．Memory burdens will decline. D．Cognition and creativity will suffer. 4．What do we know from the text? A．The author advocates education reform. B．Critical thinking is the core of education. C．AI-driven teaching widens knowledge gaps. D．The three experts stand on the same ground. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了在人工智能时代，教育是否应该进行改革，以及是否应该将记忆工作外包给计算机等问题，作者认为不能放弃基础知识，要重视知识储备。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段““Cognitive (认知的) psychology holds that prior knowledge helps us absorb more of what we learn and provides the fuel for creative thinking,” he wrote, “the Internet has placed a wealth of information at our fingertips. To be able to use that information, we must already possess a storehouse of knowledge.” (“认知心理学认为，先验知识有助于我们吸收更多所学知识，并为创造性思维提供燃料，”他写道，“互联网将丰富的信息置于我们的指尖。为了能够使用这些信息，我们必须已经拥有一个知识库”)” 可知，E. D. Hirsch 认为先验知识很重要，而不是认为我们可以总是去网上查找信息就行，即他反对 “我们可以总是去查找信息” 这一观点。demolish 意思是 “推翻，驳倒”，与 reject（拒绝，反对）意思相近。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“the Internet has placed a wealth of information at our fingertips. To be able to use that information, we must already possess a storehouse of knowledge.(互联网将丰富的信息置于我们的指尖。为了能够利用这些信息，我们必须已经拥有一个知识宝库)” 可知，利用网络资源的关键是先有知识储备。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“If students relied on webs not just for facts but for thinking, not only memory but also cognition and creativity would face negative outcomes.(如果学生不仅依靠网络获取事实，还依靠网络进行思考，那么不仅记忆，而且认知和创造力都将面临负面结果)” 可知，依赖网络记忆会导致认知和创造力受损。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Cognitive（认知的）psychology holds that prior knowledge helps us absorb more of what we learn and provides the fuel for creative thinking,’ he wrote, ‘the Internet has placed a wealth of information at our fingertips. To be able to use that information, we must already possess a storehouse of knowledge.(“认知心理学认为，先验知识有助于我们吸收更多所学的知识，并为创造性思维提供动力，” 他写道，“互联网让我们触手可及大量信息。为了能够使用这些信息，我们必须已经拥有一个知识宝库” )可知，教育家 E.D. 赫希强调先验知识对于利用网络信息和进行创造性思维的重要性。接着根据“Nick Gibb, a former UK school minister, echoed this in 2021, stating that the ability to “just google it” is highly dependent on what a person has stored in their long-term memory(英国前教育部长尼克・吉布在 2021 年对此表示赞同，他指出，“只需谷歌一下” 的能力在很大程度上取决于一个人长期记忆中存储的内容)”可知，尼克・吉布也认可先验知识和长期记忆对利用网络的重要性，与赫希观点一致。再根据第三段 “Daisy Christodoulou, author of Seven Myths about Education, warms that using the web as a personal memory skips mental consolidation, risking emptying our minds and damaging our learning ability.(《教育的七个误区》的作者黛西・克里斯托杜洛警告说，将网络用作个人记忆会跳过心理巩固过程，有可能清空我们的大脑并损害我们的学习能力)”可知，黛西・克里斯托杜洛认为过度依赖网络记忆存在危害，也强调了不能过度依赖网络，要重视自身的知识储备。综合以上信息，这三位专家都强调了先验知识和自身知识储备的重要性，不赞成过度依赖网络，所以他们的立场是一致的。 故选D。 [06]（2025·浙江·二模）Life can be metaphorically perceived as a vast wilderness, an extensive and uncharted terrain waiting to be explored. This analogy carries profound implications that can offer us unique insights into the essence of existence and guide us towards a more fulfilling and purposeful life. The wilderness is vast, mysterious, and full of uncertainties, much like life itself. When we step into this wilderness that is life, we are faced with the unknown at every turn. There are no predetermined paths, no clear signposts to direct us towards our destination. We must rely on our instincts, our inner compass, to find our way forward. This uncertainty can be daunting, yet it is precisely this uncertainty that makes life infused with adventure and potential. Just as explorers in a wilderness must be prepared to face unexpected challenges and adapt to ever-changing circumstances, we too must cultivate resilience and flexibility in our life journey. We will encounter obstacles that seem insurmountable, situations that test our patience and resolve. However, it is through these trials that we discover our inner strength and capabilities that we never knew we possessed. Each difficulty overcome is a step forward in our personal growth and development. Moreover, the wilderness is a place of solitude and self-discovery. In the quiet expanse of the wilderness, away from the noise and distractions of civilization, one can hear the faint voice of their inner self. Similarly, life provides us with moments of solitude, times when we are stripped of external validations and material possessions, and are left alone with our thoughts. These moments, though sometimes uncomfortable, are crucial for self-reflection and introspection. They allow us to question our values, our goals, and our direction in life. It is in these moments of stillness that we can reconnect with our true passions and desires, away from the influences and expectations of others. We can then use this clarity to make more authentic and meaningful choices about our future. Furthermore, the wilderness is teeming with diverse flora and fauna, each species coexisting and interacting within a delicate ecosystem. Life too is marked by its diversity and interconnectedness. We encounter people from different backgrounds, cultures, and walks of life, each bringing their unique perspectives and experiences. These interactions enrich our understanding of the world and broaden our horizons. Just as the wilderness thrives on biodiversity, our lives are made more vibrant and complete through the diverse relationships we form. We learn from others, we share and exchange ideas, and together we create a richer tapestry of human experience. In this wilderness called life, we are both the explorers and the explored. As we venture forth, we not only discover new landscapes but also uncover new facets of ourselves. The journey is not always easy, but it is in the challenges and the unknown that we find the opportunity for growth and transformation. So let us embrace this wilderness with courage and curiosity. Let us not fear the uncertainties and the solitude, but see them as stepping stones towards a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In doing so, we can truly live a life that is authentic, meaningful, and rich in experience. 1．The author’s primary purpose is to . A．Critique humanity’s futile attempts to impose order on chaotic existence. B．Articulate a metaphorical framework for interpreting existential authenticity. C．Contrast biological ecosystems with social constructs of human civilization. D．Advocate for radical individualism through rejection of societal norms. 2．The ‌“delicate ecosystem” analogy (Paragraph 4) primarily serves to emphasize . A．The predatory nature of interpersonal competition B．Cognitive dissonance in multicultural environments C．Symbiotic interdependence of disparate elements D．Ephemeral quality of social hierarchies 3．The statement ‌“we are both the explorers and the explored” most profoundly suggests . A．Subjective-objective duality in phenomenological experience B．Dialectical tension between agency and determinism C．Recursive nature of introspective processes D．Paradoxical simultaneity of observer/participant roles 4．The ‌“inner compass” (Paragraph 2) metaphor contains an implicit critique of . A．Cartesian dualism’s mind-body dichotomy B．Utilitarian approaches to decision-making C．Behaviorist models of environmental adaptation D．Collectivist paradigms of social navigation 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章将生活比喻成荒野，从不确定性、自我发现、多样性与相互依存等方面阐述了这一比喻对理解生活本质和追求有意义生活的启示。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Life can be metaphorically perceived as a vast wilderness, an extensive and uncharted terrain waiting to be explored. This analogy carries profound implications that can offer us unique insights into the essence of existence and guide us towards a more fulfilling and purposeful life.(生活可以被比喻成一片广阔的荒野，一片广袤而未知的领域等待着我们去探索。这个比喻蕴含着深刻的意义，能为我们提供对存在本质的独特见解，并引导我们走向更充实、更有目标的生活)”和最后一段中“So let us embrace this wilderness with courage and curiosity. Let us not fear the uncertainties and the solitude, but see them as stepping stones towards a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In doing so, we can truly live a life that is authentic, meaningful, and rich in experience.(因此，让我们带着勇气和好奇心拥抱这片荒野。让我们不要害怕不确定和孤独，而是把它们看作是深入了解我们自己和周围世界的垫脚石。这样，我们才能真正过上真实、有意义、经验丰富的生活)”可知，作者把生活比喻成一片广阔的荒野，构建了一个隐喻框架，用来解读存在的真实性。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Furthermore, the wilderness is teeming with diverse flora and fauna, each species coexisting and interacting within a delicate ecosystem. Life too is marked by its diversity and interconnectedness. We encounter people from different backgrounds, cultures, and walks of life, each bringing their unique perspectives and experiences. These interactions enrich our understanding of the world and broaden our horizons. Just as the wilderness thrives on biodiversity, our lives are made more vibrant and complete through the diverse relationships we form.(此外，荒野中充满了各种各样的动植物，每个物种都在一个微妙的生态系统中共存和相互作用。生活也以其多样性和相互联系为特征。我们会遇到来自不同背景、文化和各行各业的人，每个人都带来他们独特的观点和经历。这些互动丰富了我们对世界的理解，拓宽了我们的视野。就像荒野依靠生物多样性繁荣发展一样，我们通过建立多样化的关系使我们的生活更加充满活力和完整)”可知，“微妙的生态系统”这一比喻主要强调了不同元素之间的共生相互依存关系。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“In this wilderness called life, we are both the explorers and the explored. As we venture forth, we not only discover new landscapes but also uncover new facets of ourselves.(在这片叫做生活的荒野里，我们既是探索者又是被探索者。当我们向前迈进时，我们不仅发现了新的风景，也发现了自己新的一面)”可知，“我们既是探索者也是被探索者”这句话说明我们既是发现新风景的探索者，也是发现了自己新的一面的被探索者，暗示了观察者和参与者角色的矛盾同时性。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“There are no predetermined paths, no clear signposts to direct us towards our destination. We must rely on our instincts, our inner compass, to find our way forward.(没有预先确定的道路，没有清晰的路标指引我们到达目的地。我们必须依靠我们的本能，我们内心的指南针，来找到前进的道路)”可知，这里强调依靠内心本能做决策，这隐含着对功利主义决策方法的批判，因为功利主义可能更注重外在的利益和结果，而不是内心的指引。故选B项。 [07]（2025·黑龙江·二模）Do teenagers need to relax? Increasingly not just parents are seeking a break from work and family pressures but adolescents too, coping with “intense schooling and sports programmes”. So much so that the Global Wellness Summit identifies teen wellness as a trend for 2025 with the industry focusing on teenagers’ emotional intelligence, resilience, and how to survive in a digital world through resorts, retreats, and mental wellness apps. Rina Raphael, author of The Gospel of Wellness, tells me wellness—physical and mental health—has replaced the once-dominant fashion and beauty industries. McKinsey reports that Gen Z outspends older consumers on mindfulness-related wellness products such as meditation classes, mindfulness apps, and therapy sessions, even seeking preventive solutions to ageing-related health issues. One of the problems the wellness sector aims to address is mental health. Blame for the mental health crisis has been laid on smartphones. But apps also offer a solution. Many, like Chill Panda and HappiMe are on the UK’s CAMHS (child and adolescent mental health services) website and in demand. A study in The Lancet concluded bans or restrictions at school don’t lead to “better mental wellbeing in adolescents.” Parents have a role too. An intensive parenting often leaves children without examples of parents socialising or pursuing passions. There’s nothing bad about forming healthy habits. But is the wellness industry responding to—or contributing to—the pressures young people face? Think about the new toy package Mattel released five years ago: Wellness Barbie—a more glowing and relaxed version of Barbie and a product in training children to become consumers of wellness. And those baby massage classes dressed up as a wellbeing treatment to improve the infants’ mood and physical health struck me as ridiculous. What’s a baby got to worry about? The idea that experiences bought by parents and offered by the wellness industry solve adolescent anxiety seems unpromising at best. As Raphael points out, the problem with wellness is “it’s very much tied to productivity, aesthetics (美学) and consumerism. It adds a pressure that you have to be working on yourself.” But I can’t see it ending. After all, as Ronald Purser, author of McMindfulness, told me: “You can never be too well; that’s why it’s a massive growth industry”. 1．What could be counted as a wellness activity? A．Aiming for top grades nonstop. B．Practicing mindfulness using an app. C．Checking social media for attention. D．Skipping meals to manage body shape. 2．What is a possible reason for teen mental health issues? A．A demand for services. B．A passion for sports. C．A ban on mental health. D．A lack of role models. 3．What would Rina Raphael agree with most? A．The fashion and beauty industries matter more to Gen Z. B．Teenagers are pressured to consume wellness products. C．Wellness Barbie assists children’s adaptation. D．Baby massage classes are not effective as expected. 4．What’s author’s attitude towards the wellness industry? A．Hopeful. B．Calm. C．Critical. D．Pessimistic. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕青少年健康产业这一新兴现象，通过引用研究报告、专家观点和具体案例，分析了健康产业在应对青少年心理健康问题中的作用，同时也对其潜在的负面影响提出了质疑，突出理性思考、合理完善自我的核心价值引领。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“So much so that the Global Wellness Summit identifies teen wellness as a trend for 2025 with the industry focusing on teenagers’ emotional intelligence, resilience, and how to survive in a digital world through resorts, retreats, and mental wellness apps. (其受重视程度可见一斑——全球健康峰会已将青少年健康领域列为 2025 年的趋势热点，该行业正聚焦于提升青少年的情绪智力 (情商)、心理韧性，并致力于通过度假胜地、静修营地以及心理健康类应用程序等途径，助力青少年在数字化世界中更好地适应与成长)”、第二段中“McKinsey reports that Gen Z outspends older consumers on mindfulness-related wellness products such as meditation classes, mindfulness apps, and therapy sessions, even seeking preventive solutions to ageing-related health issues. (麦肯锡报告指出，Z世代在正念相关健康产品 (如冥想课程、正念应用程序和心理咨询疗程)上的消费支出超过年龄更大的消费群体，他们甚至会寻求针对衰老相关健康问题的预防性解决方案)”可知，使用正念应用程序属于健康养生活动，而其他选项如追求高分、检查社交媒体或节食减肥并不符合健康养生活动的定义。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“An intensive parenting often leaves children without examples of parents socialising or pursuing passions. (密集型育儿常常使孩子缺乏父母社交或追求兴趣爱好的榜样)”可知，作者提到青少年心理健康问题的一个可能原因是缺乏榜样。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“As Raphael points out, the problem with wellness is “it’s very much tied to productivity, aesthetics (美学) and consumerism. It adds a pressure that you have to be working on yourself.” (正如拉斐尔所指出的，健康产业的问题在于“它与生产力、美学以及消费主义紧密相连。这增添了一种压力，即你不得不一直致力于自我提升。”)”可知，Rina Raphael认为青少年面临消费健康产品的压力。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“And those baby massage classes dressed up as a wellbeing treatment to improve the infants’ mood and physical health struck me as ridiculous. What’s a baby got to worry about? (那些婴儿按摩课程伪装成一种健康治疗，以改善婴儿的情绪和身体健康，这让我觉得很荒谬。婴儿有什么好担心的？)”以及第五段中“It adds a pressure that you have to be working on yourself. (它增加了一种压力，让你觉得必须不断改善自己)”可知，作者对健康养生行业持批评态度。故选C。 [08]（2025·浙江·二模）Will machines turn on humanity? Will we become slaves for a superior artificial intelligence? While such questions may seem to belong to the field of science fiction, the world-ending potential of AI is becoming an increasingly urgent topic—mostly due to the rapid ongoing development of popular technologies like ChatGPT. The more extreme concerns around AI involve what’s known as the singularity. In his 2010 paper The Singularity: A Philosophical Analysis, the philosopher David Chalmers describes the singularity as follows: “What happens when machines become more intelligent than humans? One view is that this event will be followed by an explosion to ever-greater levels of intelligence, as each generation of machines creates more intelligent machines in turn. This intelligence explosion is now known as the ‘singularity’.” The main worry is that, if such a singularity event were to occur, we’d no longer have authority over what happens in society. While influential figures across AI research express real concern about the singularity, however, American philosopher Daniel Dennett doesn’t buy it. As he puts it, “I am not worried about humanity creating a race of super-intelligent agents, but that does not mean I am not worried. I see other, less dramatic, but much more likely, scenarios in the immediate future that are cause for concern.” He argues that smart technology presents us with more practical threats that have a far higher likelihood of occurring. As Dennett clarifies: “The real danger is not that machines more intelligent than we are will usurp (篡夺) our role as captains of our destinies, but that we will overestimate the comprehension of our latest thinking tools, easily ceding (让渡) authority to them far beyond their competence. ” Take transport. It’s not just aviation and shipping industries that depend on GPS for safe and efficient navigation: how many individuals now turn to their smartphones instead of using a road map? As Dennett summarizes: “Use it or lose it is the rule of thumb cited at this point. . . how concerned should we be that we are dumbing ourselves down by our growing reliance on intelligent machines? ” 1．What makes the future of AI become a hot topic? A．Advancement of technologies. B．Popularity of science fiction. C．Humanity of machines. D．Rise of unemployment. 2．Which of the following can best describe “singularity”? A．It is a fictional design that populates science novels. B．It is a hypothetical point where machines beat human intelligence. C．It is a mathematical model that predicts the development of AI. D．It is a possible situation where intelligence explosion is under control. 3．According to Daniel Dennett, what should we really worry about? A．The probable occurrence of singularity. B．Human's creation of super thinking tools. C．Machine's dominance over human beings. D．Human's misjudgment of AI's capabilities. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Super-intelligence: the future trend of AI. B．Overreliance: the real danger of AI. C．Singularity: the uncontrollable nature of AI. D．Reliability: the wide application of AI. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能的潜在威胁及人们的不同观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“While such questions may seem to belong to the field of science fiction, the world-ending potential of AI is becoming an increasingly urgent topic—mostly due to the rapid ongoing development of popular technologies like ChatGPT.(虽然这些问题似乎属于科幻小说的范畴，但人工智能毁灭世界的潜力正成为一个日益紧迫的话题，这主要是由于ChatGPT等流行技术的快速发展)”可知，是技术的进步让AI的未来成为热门话题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In his 2010 paper The Singularity: A Philosophical Analysis, the philosopher David Chalmers describes the singularity as follows: “What happens when machines become more intelligent than humans? One view is that this event will be followed by an explosion to ever-greater levels of intelligence, as each generation of machines creates more intelligent machines in turn. This intelligence explosion is now known as the ‘singularity’. ”(哲学家大卫·查尔默斯在2010年的论文《奇点：一种哲学分析》中这样描述奇点：“当机器变得比人类更聪明时会发生什么？一种观点认为，这一事件之后将是智力水平的爆炸式增长，因为每一代机器都会依次创造出更聪明的机器。这种智力爆炸现在被称为‘奇点’。”)”可知，“奇点”指的是一个假设的点，即机器的智力超过了人类。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The real danger is not that machines more intelligent than we are will usurp (篡夺) our role as captains of our destinies, but that we will overestimate the comprehension of our latest thinking tools, easily ceding (让渡) authority to them far beyond their competence.(真正的危险不是比我们更聪明的机器会篡夺我们作为命运主宰者的角色，而是我们会高估我们最新思维工具的理解能力，轻易地将远远超出了它们的能力范围权力让渡给它们)”可知，丹尼尔·丹尼特认为，我们真正应该担心的是人类对AI能力的误判。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第三段“The real danger is not that machines more intelligent than we are will usurp our role as captains of our destinies, but that we will overestimate the comprehension of our latest thinking tools, easily ceding authority to them far beyond their competence.(真正的危险并不在于那些比我们更聪明的机器会篡夺我们作为命运主宰者的角色，而在于我们会高估自己最新思维工具的理解能力，轻易地将远远超出了它们的能力范围权力让渡给它们)”和第四段的“As Dennett summarizes: “Use it or lose it is the rule of thumb cited at this point. . . how concerned should we be that we are dumbing ourselves down by our growing reliance on intelligent machines? ”(正如丹尼特所总结的那样：“‘用进废退’是当下常被提及的一条经验法则……我们越来越依赖智能机器，导致自身思维能力退化，这究竟该引起我们多大的担忧呢？”)” 可知，全文围绕人类对AI的过度依赖及其潜在危险展开。B选项“过度依赖：人工智能的真正危险”最符合文章主旨，是最佳标题。故选B。 [09]（2025·江苏·一模）When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time. “Pursuit of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist. Many of us are driven by the unconscious (下意识的) wish that if we could just have the perfect body, the perfect job and the perfect family, then we would be happy. For that reason, it can be one of the most significant barriers to happiness in life. The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the “good enough mother” who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect. He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated (沮丧的) and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves. Winnicott believed that while perfection is not a virtue, tolerance of imperfection is. If we cannot develop the capacity to tolerate imperfection in ourselves and in those around us, we can have no self-confidence, no sustainable relationships and no fulfilling career. If we’re always trying to build something called a perfect life, we aren’t really living the one we’re in. How do I know all this? I am a perfectionist in recovery. I’ve started to recognize my intolerance of imperfection — my need for certain things to be exactly as I would like them to be, from the way my husband chops his onions to my terror of being late — and it has made a huge difference to my relationship and my parenting. How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them? We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless (完美的) version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism. 1．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By presenting a successful ceremony. B．By showing her firm determination. C．By describing her personal experience. D．By introducing her perfect marriage. 2．What can we learn from the example of the “good enough mother”? A．Raising a child brings a mother much joy. B．Pursuing perfection is the duty of mothers. C．Meeting babies’ demands is very challenging. D．Responding instantly impacts babies’ growth. 3．What is the function of the two questions at the end of Paragraph 5? A．To shift topics. B．To make assumptions.C．To arouse interest. D．To encourage thinking. 4．Which of the following might the author approve of? A．A miss is as good as a mile. B．Haste makes waste. C．Close enough is good enough. D．Practice makes perfect. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了追求完美可能成为生活中幸福的重大阻碍，强调接受不完美的重要性，鼓励人们学会欣赏不完美之处，拥抱一种不完美主义的生活态度。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time.(在计划我的婚礼时，我决定不要陷入“完美的一天”，而是要有一个轻松，非正式的庆祝活动。我丈夫和我度过了一段美好的时光。)”可知，作者通过讲述自己筹备婚礼时摒弃追求完美、选择轻松庆祝的个人经历来引出文章关于追求完美的话题，所以作者是通过描述个人经历来引入话题的。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated (沮丧的) and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves.(他说完美是有害的。立刻满足每一个需求，在孩子一要玩具的时候就马上把玩具递过去，这会减缓婴儿的成长，剥夺了他们感到沮丧以及学会自己爬过去拿玩具的机会)”可知，从“足够好的母亲”的例子中可以推断出，母亲立刻回应婴儿的需求（即追求完美回应）会影响婴儿的成长，让他们失去自我探索和成长的机会。故选D。 3．推理判断题。文章第五段结尾的两个问题“How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them?(如果你期望每个人都能满足你狭隘的期望，你怎么能成为一个好的伴侣呢？如果你的孩子觉得他们总是需要在你为他们画的线条内精确地涂上颜色，他们怎么能成长呢？)”是在前面讲述了自己作为完美主义者认识到自己对不完美的不容忍以及这种态度对人际关系和育儿的影响之后提出的。这两个问题是为了让读者思考，如果总是期望别人符合自己狭隘的期望，就无法成为好伴侣，孩子也无法真正成长，鼓励读者进行思考。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless (完美的) version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism.(我们需要做的不仅仅是容忍不完美。我们需要学会欣赏他们的人性和美。不完美是人们愿意花钱请书法家手写邀请函的原因，而电脑可以用更少的钱和更短的时间制作出同样的脚本的完美版本。因此，为了更美好的生活，最终更好的生活，我选择了不完美主义)”可推知，作者会同意的是“差不多就行（了）”，认为达到一定程度、接近预期标准就可以接受，不完美也行。故选C。 [10]（2025·广东·二模）Distraction is often said to be the major cognitive (认知的) crisis of our time. In a recent article in The Atlantic, Rose Horowitch noted that “university students have trouble staying focused on even a poem”, and many American middle and high schools have shifted from literary texts to shorter passages. Actually, accusations of declining attention are nothing new in modernity. Even in the early 20th century, Ezra Pound observed a shift from poetry to prose (散文), explaining it as a result of readers’ inability to engage with the linguistic complexity of poetry. Over the decades, similar complaints about attention have continued. Yet, Horowitch suggests that rather than a loss of reading ability, we may be witnessing a shift in consumption habits. Students now view reading books much like listening to old record albums — outdated. Meanwhile, the popularity of audiobooks continues to grow. This suggests that the issue is not an inability to read long novels but rather a shift in what people value. “Students can still read books,” Horowitch wrote. “They’re just choosing not to.” This raises a deeper question: What kind of attention do we truly need, and why? Psychologists distinguish between focused attention and broader attention. In the famous Invisible Gorilla Experiment, participants counting basketball passes failed to notice a person in a gorilla suit dancing in the background. A wider focus, in contrast, may engage different cognitive skills and offer unique benefits. Could the younger generation be developing valuable attention modes we fail to recognize? What of the rapid, quick-fire, written exchanges of instant messaging? The art of making short and clever statements in 140 or 280 characters? What about the skills and quick reactions needed in video games? These new ways of engaging with content challenge us to rethink — with history as our guide — how we might approach long-form culture in fresh and flexible ways. 1．What does the underlined word “accusations” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Criticisms. B．Origins. C．Trends. D．Indicators. 2．What does the increase of audiobook listeners imply according to Horowitch? A．Printed books are less accessible. B．Reading preferences have changed. C．Digital reading devices are more popular. D．Modern people have limited reading time. 3．Why does the author mention the Invisible Gorilla Experiment in paragraph 4? A．To display the difficulty of multitasking. B．To illustrate the limitation of focused attention. C．To prove the wide presence of distraction in daily life. D．To stress the importance of cognitive flexibility in sports. 4．What will probably be discussed next? A．More valuable lessons taught by history. B．Challenges facing the young generation. C．The impact of technology on literacy skills. D．Strategies for book reading in the digital age. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是议论文。探讨了现代社会中注意力分散的现象及其背后的原因。 1．词句猜测题。根据后文“Over the decades, similar complaints about attention have continued.(几十年来，关于注意力的类似抱怨一直在继续)”可知，本段介绍了对注意力下降的指责，推知accusations应是“指责”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Yet, Horowitch suggests that rather than a loss of reading ability, we may be witnessing a shift in consumption habits. Students now view reading books much like listening to old record albums — outdated. Meanwhile, the popularity of audiobooks continues to grow. This suggests that the issue is not an inability to read long novels but rather a shift in what people value. “Students can still read books,” Horowitch wrote. “They’re just choosing not to.”(然而，霍洛维奇认为，我们可能正在目睹消费习惯的转变，而不是阅读能力的丧失。现在的学生认为读书就像听老唱片一样——过时了。与此同时，有声书的受欢迎程度也在持续增长。这表明，问题不在于无法阅读长篇小说，而在于人们的价值观发生了转变。“学生们仍然可以读书，”霍洛维奇写道。“他们只是选择不这么做。”)”可知，有声书听众的增加意味着阅读偏好已经改变。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“This raises a deeper question: What kind of attention do we truly need, and why? Psychologists distinguish between focused attention and broader attention. In the famous Invisible Gorilla Experiment, participants counting basketball passes failed to notice a person in a gorilla suit dancing in the background. A wider focus, in contrast, may engage different cognitive skills and offer unique benefits.(这就提出了一个更深层次的问题：我们真正需要什么样的关注，为什么？心理学家区分了集中注意力和广泛注意力。在著名的“看不见的大猩猩实验”中，计算篮球传球次数的参与者没有注意到背景中有一个穿着大猩猩服装的人在跳舞。相比之下，更广泛的关注可能涉及不同的认知技能，并提供独特的好处)”可知，本段提到隐形大猩猩实验是为了说明专注注意力的局限性，即过于集中注意力可能导致忽略其他重要信息。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Could the younger generation be developing valuable attention modes we fail to recognize? What of the rapid, quick-fire, written exchanges of instant messaging? The art of making short and clever statements in 140 or 280 characters? What about the skills and quick reactions needed in video games? These new ways of engaging with content challenge us to rethink—with history as our guide—how we might approach long-form culture in fresh and flexible ways.(年轻一代是否正在发展有价值的注意力模式，而我们却没有意识到？那么快速、快速、书面的即时通讯交流呢？用140或280个字符写出简短而聪明的陈述的艺术？那么电子游戏中需要的技能和快速反应呢？这些与内容互动的新方式要求我们重新思考——以历史为指导——我们如何以新鲜而灵活的方式接近长篇文化)”可知，接下来可能会讨论如何在数字时代以新的方式重新融入长篇文化，也就是数字时代的阅读策略。故选D项。 [11]（24-25高三下·江苏南京·阶段练习）During WWII, mathematician Alan Turing gathered a team of logic experts to decode enemy messages, a key step toward victory. If there was one branch of mathematics which could be said they were using systematically, it was symbolic logic. However, The curriculum (课程) designs that methodically develop students’ symbolic logic abilities are relatively rare. Symbolic logic is a form of mathematics that lets us check whether certain conclusions correctly follow from a set of facts. Consider a library book-theft case. If a suspect wasn’t in the library on the day the theft happened, they can’t be the thief. If present, they may or may not be. Being in the library doesn’t mean they stole the book. Symbolic logic turns this kind of argument into algebra (代数), readily shared, solved and generalized for solving mysteries. For careers such as electrical engineering and computer science, the value of symbolic logic is undeniable. But it is not solely limited to technical fields. Rutgers University mathematician Gray Wenger argues that teaching responsible citizenship requires providing students with mathematical reasoning skills. For example, consider a debate over a study finding that most adults without high-school certificates earn less. A responsible citizen must think through the implications along the lines of the book-theft case example above. No certificate likely means lower income, but low income doesn’t mean no certificate. Training in symbolic logic makes these sorts of reasoning sink into their cognitive processes and become second nature to citizens. In addition, symbolic logic equips individuals to counter false claims by distinguishing between separate incidents and systematic evidence. The most effective strategy for this lies in preventive education—teaching people to recognize faulty reasoning at its source. Consider, for instance, some global-warming doubters use one day of cold weather as proof that global warming is a hoax (骗局). But a logical thinker can quickly spot that weather is short-term, while climate is long-term change. Some doubt the need for a separate symbolic logic course, believing other classes can do the job. In writing courses, for example, students learn how to spot illogical arguments, and elementary proofs are covered in trigonometry (三角学). Much can be gained by teaching people logical thinking without using any symbols. But only symbolic logic ensures logical strictness. A piecemeal approach isn’t enough; a full-semester course is needed for comprehensive learning. Symbolic logic is essential for intellectual development. By integrating symbolic logic into educational frameworks, we equip future generations with intellectual tools to navigate complex challenges. Training for it must be included in the curriculum and cannot be left to chance. 1．The book-theft case is mentioned in paragraph 2 to illustrate symbolic logic’s ______ . A．economical benefits B．basic principles C．cultural significance D．social influences 2．Why does Gray Wenger insist that symbolic logic be taught to all students? A．It cultivates automatic reasoning. B．It facilitates excellent debating. C．It enhances a natural sense of math. D．It justifies the income of citizens. 3．Armed with symbolic logic, people should be able to ______. A．tell between separate incidents B．solve complex puzzles quickly C．question the nature of education D．challenge the claims falsely made 4．The author may agree that current symbolic logic education is ______. A．acceptable as there are alternative classes to compensate B．unfulfilling but will naturally evolve without interference C．disappointing due to unwillingness to set a specific course D．questionable for people chance its integration into education 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕 “Symbolic logic（符号逻辑）” 展开论述，通过多个方面论证其重要性，并呼吁将其纳入课程体系。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Symbolic logic is a form of mathematics that lets us check whether certain conclusions correctly follow from a set of facts. Consider a library book-theft case. If a suspect wasn’t in the library on the day the theft happened, they can’t be the thief. If present, they may or may not be. Being in the library doesn’t mean they stole the book. Symbolic logic turns this kind of argument into algebra (代数), readily shared, solved and generalized for solving mysteries.(符号逻辑是一种数学形式，它让我们检查某些结论是否正确地从一组事实中得出。考虑一个图书馆图书盗窃案。如果一个嫌疑人在盗窃发生的那天不在图书馆，他们就不可能是小偷。如果在图书馆，他们可能是也可能不是小偷。在图书馆并不意味着他们偷了书。符号逻辑将这种论证转化为代数，便于分享、解决和推广来解开谜团。)”可知，提到图书盗窃案是为了阐述符号逻辑的基本原理，即如何从一组事实得出正确结论。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Rutgers University mathematician Gray Wenger argues that teaching responsible citizenship requires providing students with mathematical reasoning skills. For example, consider a debate over a study finding that most adults without high-school certificates earn less. A responsible citizen must think through the implications along the lines of the book-theft case example above. No certificate likely means lower income, but low income doesn’t mean no certificate. Training in symbolic logic makes these sorts of reasoning sink into their cognitive processes and become second nature to citizens.(罗格斯大学数学家格雷・温格认为，教授有责任感的公民身份需要为学生提供数学推理技能。例如，考虑一场关于一项研究发现的辩论，该研究发现大多数没有高中文凭的成年人收入较低。一个有责任感的公民必须按照上面图书盗窃案的例子来思考其中的含义。没有文凭可能意味着收入较低，但低收入并不意味着没有文凭。符号逻辑的训练使这些类型的推理融入他们的认知过程，并成为公民的第二天性。)”可知，格雷・温格坚持向所有学生教授符号逻辑是因为它能培养自动推理能力，让推理成为公民的第二天性。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“In addition, symbolic logic equips individuals to counter false claims by distinguishing between separate incidents and systematic evidence.(此外，符号逻辑使个人能够通过区分单独事件和系统证据来反驳虚假主张。)”可知，掌握了符号逻辑，人们应该能够挑战错误提出的主张。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“Some doubt the need for a separate symbolic logic course, believing other classes can do the job. In writing courses, for example, students learn how to spot illogical arguments, and elementary proofs are covered in trigonometry (三角学). Much can be gained by teaching people logical thinking without using any symbols. But only symbolic logic ensures logical strictness. A piecemeal approach isn’t enough; a full-semester course is needed for comprehensive learning.(有些人怀疑是否需要一门单独的符号逻辑课程，认为其他课程可以完成这项工作。例如，在写作课程中，学生学习如何发现不合逻辑的论点，三角学中涵盖了基本的证明。在不使用任何符号的情况下教授人们逻辑思维可以获得很多收获。但只有符号逻辑才能确保逻辑的严格性。零碎的方法是不够的；全面学习需要一整学期的课程。)”以及最后一段“Training for it must be included in the curriculum and cannot be left to chance.(对它的训练必须纳入课程，不能听天由命。)”可知，作者认为目前的符号逻辑教育令人失望，因为人们不愿意设置一门特定的课程。故选C。 [12]（24-25高三下·湖南·阶段练习）In recent years, there have been debates about whether animals have consciousness like we humans do. To look into it, we must first understand what consciousness actually means. A conscious being can be considered to be having subjective experiences of the world and its own body. If you are having a mental experience, you are conscious. We take "experience" to indicate the conscious sensation during states of wakeful processing of sensory perception, imagery or dreaming. A motion sensor might be able to sense the environment, but it is probably not aware that it could do so. Since non-human subjects cannot verbally report their experiences, there is very limited knowledge of how their mental process works. However, by observing animal behaviour, we can see that they react to the environment too: fight, flight, or curiosity. It is logical to say that animals possess consciousness the way humans do. According to experts, consciousness depletes (耗费) something in the waking brain, and we cannot keep it up indefinitely. The need to sleep is thus not forced upon us by our environment, but by the needs of the brain itself. If sleeping serves to bring back the thing that is depleted because of our consciousness, it is reasonable to think that animals that have to sleep are conscious when they are awake. Besides, animals also possess a special emotion that many people think only humans show — empathy. One ecologist witnessed a humpback whale sweeping a seal out of the water and onto its fin to keep it away from nearby killer whales. Though incidents like this seem extraordinary to us, animals have probably been doing it for millions of years. The study of animal consciousness has tremendous implications. Must different species be treated differently depending on their display of moral traits, their ability to experience and show emotion, and their specific level of consciousness? Must we have a bill of animal rights in place that can guide us in what is proper and lawful conduct in relation to specific species? These are just some questions researchers and policymakers, with further research, will be able to address. 1．How is paragraph 2 developed? A．By making comparisons. B．By giving definitions. C．By analyzing cause and effect. D．By presenting arguments. 2．Which is a proof of animal consciousness? A．They are capable of staying awake during the day. B．They use a special language during communication. C．They are able to respond to the surroundings. D．They tend to depend on each other for survival. 3．Why do humans and animals need to sleep according to the text? A．It makes them better adapt to the environment. B．It helps restore what is consumed by consciousness. C．It is a natural habit that formed over millions of years. D．It is necessary for the refreshment of physical strength. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Consciousness as a distinctive human characteristic. B．The evolution of consciousness in humans. C．Ways to study the mental process of animals. D．The display of consciousness in animals. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章通过对意识的定义，以及动物行为、睡眠需求和情感表现等方面的分析，探讨了动物意识的存在及相关影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“A conscious being can be considered to be having subjective experiences of the world and its own body. If you are having a mental experience, you are conscious. We take “experience” to indicate the conscious sensation during states of wakeful processing of sensory perception, imagery or dreaming. (一个有意识的存在可以被认为对世界和自己的身体有主观的体验。如果你有一种精神体验，你就是有意识的。我们用“经验”来表示在清醒状态下处理感官知觉、意象或做梦时的有意识感觉。)”可知，第二段主要通过对“意识”进行定义来展开，例如解释“有意识的生物”具有主观体验、心理体验等。属于下定义的方式。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“by observing animal behaviour, we can see that they react to the environment too: fight, flight, or curiosity. It is logical to say that animals possess consciousness the way humans do. (通过观察动物的行为，我们可以看到它们也会对环境做出反应：战斗、逃跑或好奇。因此，可以合理地说动物和人类一样拥有意识。)” 可知，动物能够对周围环境做出反应是动物具有意识的一个证据。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“consciousness depletes something in the waking brain, and we cannot keep it up indefinitely. The need to sleep is thus not forced upon us by our environment, but by the needs of the brain itself. If sleeping serves to bring back the thing that is depleted because of our consciousness, it is reasonable to think that animals that have to sleep are conscious when they are awake. (意识会消耗清醒大脑中的某些东西，而且我们不能无限期地保持这种状态。因此，睡眠的需要不是由我们的环境强加给我们的，而是由大脑自身的需要决定的。如果睡眠是为了恢复因我们的意识而耗尽的东西，那么我们有理由认为，不得不睡觉的动物在醒着的时候是有意识的。)” 可知，人类和动物需要睡眠是因为睡眠有助于恢复因意识而消耗的东西。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In recent years, there have been debates about whether animals have consciousness like we humans do. (近年来，关于动物是否像人类一样具有意识一直存在争。论)”以及最后一段 “The study of animal consciousness has tremendous implications .(动物意识的研究具有巨大的意义)”可知，文章开篇提出关于动物是否像人类一样具有意识的争论，接着通过对意识的定义，以及动物对环境的反应、睡眠需求和具有同理心等方面的阐述，论证了动物可能具有意识，最后还提到了动物意识研究的意义。所以文章主要讨论的是动物意识的表现。故选D。 [13]（24-25高三下·河南信阳·阶段练习）In Permutation City, a novel by Greg Egan, the character Peer, having total control over virtual reality, finds himself terribly bored. So he engineers himself to have new passions. One moment he is pushing the boundaries of higher mathematics; the next he is writing operas. Peer’s changeableness relates to a deeper point. When technology has solved humanity’s deepest problems, what is left to do? That is one question considered in a new publication by Nick Bostrom, a philosopher at the University of Oxford. In Mr. Bostrom’s latest book, Deep Utopia, he considers a situation where technology progresses to the point at which it can do all economically valuable work at near-zero cost. Under a yet more extreme situation, even tasks that you might think would be reserved for humans, such as parenting, can be done better by artificial intelligence (AI) . Mr. Bostrom describes a “post-scarcity (后稀缺)” Utopia. In such a world, the need for work would be reduced. Almost a century ago English economist John Maynard Keynes wrote an essay, which predicted that 100 years into the future his wealthy offspring would need to work for only 15 hours a week. This has not quite come to pass, but working time has fallen greatly. When aided by powerful tech, Mr. Bostrom writes, “the space of possible-for-us experiences extends far beyond those that are accessible to us with our present unoptimized (未优化的) brains.” Yet Mr. Bostrom’s label of a “post-scarcity” Utopia might be slightly misleading: the economic explosion caused by superintelligence would still be limited by physical resources, most notably land. Although space exploration may hugely increase the building space available, it will not make it boundless. Keynes himself wrote that “there is no country and no people, I think, who can look forward to the age of leisure and of abundance (充裕) without feeling uneasy, for we have been trained too long to labor and not to enjoy.” Although most humans want a better world, if tech becomes too advanced, they may lose purpose. It is open to question how long humans would be happy switching between passions, as Peer docs in Permutation City. 1．Why does Peer take up mathematics and opera? A．They are his lifelong ambitions. B．They are realistically achievable. C．He attempts to integrate engineering into art. D．He attempts to give his life a sense of purpose. 2．What will possibly happen according to Deep Utopia? A．AI will dominate human intelligence. B．A 15-hour workweek will become standard. C．AI will undertake jobs once unique to humans. D．Economically valuable jobs will be in great demand. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward Mr. Bostrom’s “post-scarcity” Utopia? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Tolerant. D．Grateful. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Age of Leisure: A Blessing or a Hidden Worry? B．Technology and the Future of Work: Hope or Crisis? C．Advanced Technology: Advantage or Trouble? D．Post-scarcity Utopia: Reality or Fantasy? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在技术极度发达的未来社会中，人类可能会面临失去目标和意义的危机。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In Permutation City, a novel by Greg Egan, the character Peer, having total control over virtual reality, finds himself terribly bored. So he engineers himself to have new passions. (在格雷格•伊根的小说《置换城市》中，完全控制了虚拟现实的人物皮尔发现自己非常无聊。所以他让自己有了新的激情)”可知，皮尔学习数学和歌剧是因为他试图让自己的生活有目标感。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“In Mr. Bostrom’s latest book, Deep Utopia, he considers a situation where technology progresses to the point at which it can do all economically valuable work at near-zero cost. Under a yet more extreme situation, even tasks that you might think would be reserved for humans, such as parenting, can be done better by artificial intelligence (AI).(在博斯特罗姆的新书《深层乌托邦》中，他考虑了一种情况，即技术进步到可以以接近于零的成本完成所有具有经济价值的工作。在更极端的情况下，即使是你可能认为只有人类才能做的事情，比如养育子女，也可以由人工智能（AI）做得更好)”可知，Deep Utopia 这本书中提到，技术的发展可能使人工智能可以完成曾经只属于人类的任务。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Yet Mr. Bostrom’s label of a “post-scarcity” Utopia might be slightly misleading: the economic explosion caused by superintelligence would still be limited by physical resources, most notably land.(然而，博斯特罗姆的“后稀缺”乌托邦的标签可能有点误导人：超级智能引发的经济爆炸仍将受到物质资源（尤其是土地）的限制)”可知，作者对 Mr. Bostrom 的“后稀缺”乌托邦持怀疑态度。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第三段“Mr. Bostrom describes a “post-scarcity (后稀缺)” Utopia.(博斯特罗姆描述了一个“后稀缺”乌托邦)”以及第四段“Yet Mr. Bostrom’s label of a “post-scarcity” Utopia might be slightly misleading: the economic explosion caused by superintelligence would still be limited by physical resources, most notably land.(然而，博斯特罗姆的“后稀缺”乌托邦的标签可能有点误导人：超级智能引发的经济爆炸仍将受到物质资源（尤其是土地）的限制)”可知，文章围绕“后稀缺”乌托邦展开，讨论其能否成为现实，D选项“后稀缺乌托邦：现实还是幻想？”最符合文章标题。故选D。 [14]（2025·湖北·二模）When someone proposes a false claim, what’s the best way to change their mind? A recent paper suggests that immediately negating the claim with evidence isn’t especially effective. Instead, “bypassing” the false claim with positive counter(反)-claims about the topic might be a better strategy. The classic response to someone presenting misinformation is to present counter-evidence. As the researchers at the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) put it, “The gold standard for tackling misinformation is usually a correction that actually contradicts the misinformation.” Suppose, for example, that your dad passes back the roast potatoes over a family dinner, saying, “Are these GMOs (转基因产品)? Nah, don’t want any more physical reactions.” You might then say, “Actually, the health bodies of all the G7 agree that GMOs do not cause reactions.” But that likely won’t work. The APPC team conducted six experiments where they compared actually correcting someone with “bypassing” and found that using evidence and facts to disprove someone tends to be far less successful at changing attitudes. So, what is bypassing and why is it seemingly more effective? Bypassing is where, instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim, you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic. For example, if someone tells you that 5G kills birds, tell them that 5G adds billions to the world economy. Bypassing means not meeting your misinformed opponent head-on. This is not a battle of arguments or the studies. You are pushing an argument into a different position. It’s using someone’s movements and logic against them. There are limitations to what the team at APPC has concluded. Their study into bypassing was largely about attitudes to policies, not about belief change or belief correction. Someone might still believe that 5G kills birds or that GMOs cause reactions, but admit that those are necessary bad things, compared to the positive outcomes you present them with. So, bypassing isn’t the only tool available, and it might not even be the best if your concern is belief change. Changing someone’s belief is a complicated psychological topic, and there is definitely no one-size-fits-all strategy. When it comes to policy decisions and willingness to accept a certain technology or medicine, bypassing seems like a valuable tool to add to your kit. 1．According to the APPC research, how does “bypassing” differ from traditional corrections? A．It uses stronger evidence. B．It adopts emotional appeals. C．It offers positive arguments. D．It focuses on unrelated topics. 2．Which can be used as an example of “bypassing”? A．GMOs are safe to eat because scientists say so. B．GMOs can produce higher output with less cost. C．5G kill birds, but their benefits outweigh the risks. D．5G doesn’t kill birds, for they show no connection. 3．What do we know about the “bypassing” tool according to the text? A．It is the most reliable way. B．It may help accept policies. C．It appears frequently in debates. D．It is effective in belief correction. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Bypassing: A Better Way to Shift Attitudes? B．Changing one’s Mind: Bypass Indirectly! C．Challenging Misinformation: Bypass it! D．Negating the claim: does it work? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在面对错误信息时，传统的反驳方式可能不如“绕过”策略有效，并探讨了“绕过”策略的定义、有效性及其局限性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The classic response to someone presenting misinformation is to present counter-evidence. As the researchers at the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) put it, ‘The gold standard for tackling misinformation is usually a correction that actually contradicts the misinformation.’(对于传播错误信息的人，典型的回应是提供反证。正如安南伯格公共政策中心(APPC)的研究人员所说，‘处理错误信息的黄金标准通常是一种实际上与错误信息相矛盾的纠正’)”以及第三段中“Bypassing is where, instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim, you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic.(绕过错误信息是指，你不是对某个说法提出一些负面的反对意见，而是对这个话题提出积极的反论)”可知，APPC的研究中，“绕过”与传统纠正的区别在于它提供的是积极的论点。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Bypassing is where, instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim, you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic. For example, if someone tells you that 5G kills birds, tell them that 5G adds billions to the world economy.(绕过错误信息是指，你不是对某个说法提出一些负面的反对意见，而是对这个话题提出积极的反论。例如，如果有人告诉你5G会杀死鸟，告诉他们5G为世界经济增加了数十亿美元)”可知，“绕过”策略的例子是提供与错误信息相关的积极论点。B选项“转基因作物能以较低的成本产生更高的产量”可以作为“绕过”的例子，因为它提供了关于转基因产品的积极论点，而不是直接反驳其安全性。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“When it comes to policy decisions and willingness to accept a certain technology or medicine, bypassing seems like a valuable tool to add to your kit.(当涉及到政策决策以及接受某种技术或药物的意愿时，‘绕过’似乎是一个值得添加到你的工具箱中的有价值工具)”可知，根据文章，“绕过”工具可能有助于接受政策。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“When someone proposes a false claim, what’s the best way to change their mind? A recent paper suggests that immediately negating the claim with evidence isn’t especially effective. Instead, ‘bypassing’ the false claim with positive counter (反)-claims about the topic might be a better strategy.(当有人提出虚假说法时，改变他们想法的最好方法是什么?最近的一篇论文表明，立即用证据否定这种说法并不是特别有效。相反，用关于这个话题的积极反论来‘绕过’虚假说法可能是一个更好的策略)”以及最后一段“So, bypassing isn’t the only tool available, and it might not even be the best if your concern is belief change.(因此，绕过并不是唯一可用的工具，如果你担心的是信念的改变，它甚至可能不是最好的。)”可知，文章主要介绍了在处理虚假信息时，用积极的反论来“绕过”虚假说法可能比用证据直接否定更有效，并探讨了其与传统反驳方式的区别及其局限性。所以A选项“绕过：改变态度的更好方法？”能够概括文章主要内容，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 [15]（24-25高三下·安徽·阶段练习）Would you turn down the chance to become a genius? We have long been fascinated by quick fixes that could increase our intelligence. Today, people’s hopes lie in brain training apps as a speedy “digital pill”, some of which claim to result in “smarter minds”. But is this quick fix all it is cracked up to be? There are plenty of brain training apps, mostly on smartphones, but they all share the same characteristics: they turn mental exercises like simple arithmetic, memory tests and logic and pattern-matching problems into quick games. The more you play, the smarter you will get, the app claims. The use of game mechanics for serious purposes has become widespread with the invention of the Internet and smartphones. Brain training apps are at the frontline. Many of the apps say they are backed by “science”, a claim I found surprising as a former neuroscientist. The notion that increasing intelligence would be as simple as practicing a few mini games every day is contrary to what we have discovered about how humans think and learn. Several major studies of brain training apps, surveying a diverse range of thousands of users across a wide variety of apps, have found that they have almost no effect on users’ performance. A 2021 study by researchers at Western University in Canada discovered that “brain training has no appreciable effect on cognitive functioning in the ‘real world’, even after extensive training periods”. The positive effects that have been found are limited to the very specific mini-games and tasks that users are trained on, such as the ability to memorize lists of words or numbers, or perform mental arithmetic, with little application to other skills. So, if your career involves being able to do sums quickly or remember phone numbers, you may be satisfied with these apps. But if you are expecting them to improve your ability to write a novel or construct a complex mind-map, I am afraid you will want to look elsewhere. 1．What is the main feature of brain training apps? A．Complex scientific support. B．Expert psychological increase. C．Game-driven mental enhancement. D．Advanced smartphone technologies. 2．What does the author think of the apps’ claim? A．They are supported by scientists. B．They receive widespread employment. C．They go against human learning systems. D．They make the intelligence progress simple. 3．In which case could the apps users benefit according to the Canada research? A．When they can use the skills elsewhere. B．When the apps impact the cognitive abilities. C．When they have longer training periods. D．When the games are limited to particular tasks. 4．What is the suitable title for the passage? A．Brain Training Apps Are Booming B．There Is No App for a Smarter Brain C．Power Your Brain with Scientific Apps D．Game Proves Ineffective in Intelligence 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。人们寄望大脑训练应用程序提升智力，然而研究表明其效果有限，难以真正让大脑变聪明 。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“There are plenty of brain training apps, mostly on smartphones, but they all share the same characteristics: they turn mental exercises like simple arithmetic, memory tests and logic and pattern-matching problems into quick games. The more you play, the smarter you will get, the app claims.(有很多大脑训练应用程序，大多在智能手机上，但它们都有相同的特点：它们把像简单算术、记忆测试以及逻辑和模式匹配问题这样的脑力练习变成快速游戏。应用程序声称，你玩得越多，就会变得越聪明。)”可知，大脑训练应用程序的主要特点是游戏驱动的脑力提升。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Many of the apps say they are backed by ‘science’, a claim I found surprising as a former neuroscientist. The notion that increasing intelligence would be as simple as practicing a few mini games every day is contrary to what we have discovered about how humans think and learn.(许多应用程序都说它们有‘科学’支持，作为一名前神经科学家，我对这一说法感到惊讶。认为每天练习几个小游戏就能提高智力的想法，与我们所发现的人类思考和学习方式相悖。)”可知，作者认为这些应用程序的说法与人类的学习系统相悖。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“A 2021 study by researchers at Western University in Canada discovered that ‘brain training has no appreciable effect on cognitive functioning in the ‘real world’, even after extensive training periods’. The positive effects that have been found are limited to the very specific mini-games and tasks that users are trained on, such as the ability to memorize lists of words or numbers, or perform mental arithmetic, with little application to other skills.(加拿大西安大略大学的研究人员在 2021 年的一项研究中发现，‘即使经过长时间的训练，大脑训练对‘现实世界’中的认知功能也没有明显影响’。已经发现的积极影响仅限于用户所训练的非常特定的小游戏和任务，比如记忆单词或数字列表的能力，或者进行心算的能力，而对其他技能几乎没有应用价值。)”可知，当游戏仅限于特定任务时，应用程序的用户可能会受益。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇提出人们对能提高智力的快速方法很着迷，寄希望于大脑训练应用程序，但接着指出这些应用程序声称的效果与人类思考和学习方式相悖，且多项研究表明它们对用户的表现几乎没有影响，积极影响也仅限于特定任务。所以文章主要表达的是没有能让大脑变聪明的应用程序，B 选项There Is No App for a Smarter Brain(没有适用于更聪明大脑的应用程序) 符合文章主旨。故选B。 [16]（2025·河北·二模）AI chatbots, like ChatGPT, are rapidly changing how we learn, communicate, and even protect ourselves from misinformation. As these technologies advance, it’s clear that regulation is necessary, but there is no consensus (共识) on what form it should take. Mira Murati, head of ChatGPT’s development team, has called for government involvement without offering specific plans. Similarly, Elon Musk has suggested the need for a regulatory body, but the details remain unclear. To break the impasse (僵局), I propose transparency (透明) and detection requirements tailored specifically to chatbots, which are computer programs that rely on artificial intelligence to converse with users and produce fluent text in response to typed requests. The first regulatory requirement I propose is that all consumer-facing apps involving chatbot technology make public the text that the AI was first trained on. The training text greatly influences how the chatbot behaves. For example, if it is trained on Reddit posts, the chatbot may adopt the informal tone typical of that platform. By knowing what data is used,the public can identify any harmful content in the AI’s responses, helping to avoid the use of toxic or unreliable sources. The human evaluators also hugely shape a chatbot’s behavıor, which points to a second transparency requirement. These evaluators shape how the chatbot interacts with users, so it is important for the public to understand the principles they follow. Clear guidelines will help ensure that chatbots are designed to be accurate, safe, and fair. Detection drives the third needed requirement. More institutions consider banning chatbot - produced text, but a ban isn’t worth much if there’s no way to detect chatbot text.Luckily, there’s a better way — one that OpenAI may soon implement: watermarking. This is a technical method that provides a hidden stamp identifying the text with its chatbot author. The transparency and detection measures proposed here would not hinder AI progress, but simply make it easier for consumers to make informed decisions and for people to identify AI-generated content. By taking these steps, we can create a safer, more accountable future for AI technology. 1．What can be learned from the first paragraph? A．Misinformation is flooding the social media. B．We need focused regulation of AI chatbots. C．Technological advances badly affect the youth. D．It’s the government’s duty to oversee tech users. 2．What should AI companies do about the data used to train chatbots according to the text? A．Process it in a legal way. B．Make it publicly available. C．Seek users’ advice about it. D．Update it as soon as possible. 3．What does the underlined word “hinder” in the last paragraph mean? A．Guide. B．Favour. C．Declare. D．Prevent. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To call for action to keep online security. B．To argue for lifting a ban on ChatGPT. C．To introduce a new study on AI chatbots. D．To voice his views on AI development. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了为了确保人工智能聊天机器人技术的安全性和可靠性，作者主张应采取监管措施，并提出监管原则——透明和检测，包括公开AI训练文本、明确人类评估者原则以及采用水印技术识别聊天机器人文本。 1．推理判断题。通读第一段，尤其是“Mira Murati, head of ChatGPT’s development team, has called for government involvement without offering specific plans. Similarly, Elon Musk has suggested the need for a regulatory body, but the details remain unclear.( ChatGPT开发团队负责人米拉·穆拉蒂呼吁政府参与，但没有提供具体计划。同样，埃隆·马斯克也建议需要一个监管机构，但细节尚不清楚。)”可推断，我们亟需对人工智能聊天机器人进行有针对性的监管。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The first regulatory requirement I propose is that all consumer-facing apps involving chatbot technology make public the text that the AI was first trained on.(我提出的第一个监管要求是，所有涉及聊天机器人技术的面向消费者的应用程序都要公开人工智能最初接受训练的文本。)”可知，人工智能公司应当公开AI训练文本。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词后“but simply make it easier for consumers to make informed decisions and for people to identify AI-generated content.(而只是让消费者更容易做出明智的决定，让人们更容易识别人工智能生成的内容。)”可推断，所提出的透明度和检测措施不会阻碍人工智能的进步。画线词hinder为“阻碍”之意，与Prevent的意思最接近。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“To break the impasse (僵局), I propose transparency (透明) and detection requirements tailored specifically to chatbots, which are computer programs that rely on artificial intelligence to converse with users and produce fluent text in response to typed requests. (为了打破僵局，我提出了专门为聊天机器人量身定制的透明度和检测要求。聊天机器人是一种计算机程序，依靠人工智能与用户交谈，并根据输入的请求生成流畅的文本。)”可知，作者写作此文的目的是表达他对人工智能发展的看法。故选D。 [17]（2025·江西南昌·二模）What if everything happens for a reason? It’s a theory that we’ve all heard more than once. And in many ways, burnt toast theory can be seen as a modern take on this classic idea, implying that every little inconvenience we experience in our day-to-day lives happens for a bigger reason. We’ve all been there. Say you accidentally burn your toast before leaving for work. According to burnt toast theory, this single, tiny inconvenience is enough to have a domino effect (多米诺效应). Your morning is then pushed back by what, maybe three to five minutes? Perhaps that is enough time to leave the house a little bit later than usual, and to avoid getting in a car accident. Or it might mean you end up getting a later train, and avoid bumping into someone who you’d really rather avoid. In other words, the burnt toast theory is a reminder to shift your thinking pattern. When we choose to view the world in a more positive light, we can help to reduce feelings of anxiety, and release our fear of being out of control of the world around us. It prevents us from thinking over something that isn’t really all that bad in the grand perspective of things and encourages us to make meaning of challenges we may experience, thus making us more adaptive to the future setbacks. The next time you feel yourself becoming annoyed or frustrated by an inconvenience in your life, try reshaping your thoughts by telling yourself why you’re grateful for the inconvenience. While maintaining a positive mindset can go a long way, burnt toast theory is not without its drawbacks. Be mindful that only allowing yourself to focus on positive thoughts can mean that you are denying yourself the chance to properly engage with challenging or difficult emotions, instead focusing on creating a false positive profile. 1．What may be a case of the burnt toast theory? A．Gaining rewards after paying efforts. B．Losing a job after forgetting to set an alarm. C．Meeting a future employer after missing a flight. D．Mending friendship after clearing misunderstandings. 2．What is the result of applying the burnt toast theory according to paragraph 3? A．Better judgement on fears. B．Richer experience from failures. C．The removal of daily inconveniences. D．The harvest of a positive mindset. 3．Which aspect of the theory does the last paragraph focus on? A．Would-be projects. B．Real-world applications. C．Potential weaknesses. D．Practical advantages. 4．What is probably the best title of the text? A．Less Is More B．Make a Lemon Lemonade C．Once Bitten, Twice Shy D．Better Late Than Never 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是“烧焦的面包理论”，即通过积极视角看待生活中的不便，将其视为有意义的转折点，同时也探讨了该理论的潜在局限性。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“And in many ways, burnt toast theory can be seen as a modern take on this classic idea, implying that every little inconvenience we experience in our day-to-day lives happens for a bigger reason.(而且在许多方面，烧焦面包理论可以被视为这一经典思想的现代诠释，暗示着我们在日常生活中经历的每一个小不便都出于更大的原因)”可知，烧焦面包理论暗示着我们在日常生活中经历的每一个小不便都出于更大的原因，结合第二段中的“Perhaps that is enough time to leave the house a little bit later than usual, and to avoid getting in a car accident. Or it might mean you end up getting a later train, and avoid bumping into someone who you’d really rather avoid.(也许这足够让你比平时晚一点出门，从而避免了一场车祸。或者这意味着你赶上了稍晚的火车，避开了一个你宁愿避开的人)”可知，错过航班后遇到未来雇主是符合该理论的案例。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In other words, the burnt toast theory is a reminder to shift your thinking pattern. When we choose to view the world in a more positive light, we can help to reduce feelings of anxiety, and release our fear of being out of control of the world around us. (换句话说，烧焦面包理论提醒我们要转变思维方式。当我们选择以更积极的态度看待世界时，我们可以帮助减轻焦虑感，并释放对周围世界失控的恐惧)”可知，烧焦面包理论提醒我们要转变思维方式，用更积极的态度看世界。由此可知，应用该理论的结果是收获积极心态。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While maintaining a positive mindset can go a long way, burnt toast theory is not without its drawbacks. Be mindful that only allowing yourself to focus on positive thoughts can mean that you are denying yourself the chance to properly engage with challenging or difficult emotions, instead focusing on creating a false positive profile.(虽然保持积极的心态可以走得很远，但烧焦面包理论并非没有缺点。要注意，只允许自己专注于积极的想法可能意味着你正在剥夺自己正确面对挑战或困难情绪的机会，而是专注于创造一个虚假的积极形象)”可知，烧焦面包理论并非没有缺点，进而分析了其危害，由此可知，最后一段聚焦于该理论的潜在弱点。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是首段“What if everything happens for a reason? It’s a theory that we’ve all heard more than once. And in many ways, burnt toast theory can be seen as a modern take on this classic idea, implying that every little inconvenience we experience in our day-to-day lives happens for a bigger reason.(如果每件事的发生都有其原因呢？这是一个我们都不止一次听过的理论。在许多方面，“烧焦面包理论”可以被视为这一经典思想的现代诠释，暗示我们在日常生活中遇到的每一个小麻烦都可能是出于某种更大的原因)”可知，全文围绕“烧焦的面包理论”展开，强调通过积极视角看待生活中的不便，将挑战转化为机遇，同时指出其潜在的局限性。选项B“化挫折为机遇”与这一主题意义相符，最适合作为标题。故选B项。 [18]（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）In 1991, a group of eight middle schoolers from Harlem went to Michigan to compete in the National Junior High School Chess Championship tournament. No one had seen these kids coming — many of them from under-resourced schools and communities. But they went on to win first place, making them and their coach, Maurice Ashely, instant celebrities. This heartwarming story is one of many tales recounted in Adam Grant’s new book, Hidden Potential. His mission is to challenge conventional wisdom around innate (天生) talent, hard work, or past performance as being predictors of success, and he argues that nurture is more important than nature when it comes to developing everyone’s potential. Grant argues that anyone can get better at what they want to achieve if they focus on the right skills and have the right kinds of support in place. “Summoning the nerve to face discomfort is a character skill — an especially important form of determination,” Grant writes. “If we avoid the discomfort of learning techniques that don’t come easily to us, we limit our own growth.” Alternatively, seeking discomfort deliberately can have the opposite effect — helping us to expand our knowledge and skills. Making errors and getting comfortable with imperfection helps you learn things quickly. In the book, Grant writes about how we can spread opportunity better in society. For example, he stresses the importance of designing schools to give all children the potential to learn. He points to Finland, where schools have focused on making education playful, while making teachers to be experts on students’ learning and helping students to pursue their interests and develop skills. All in all, Grant’s message is that there is much we can do to bring out our own potential and to see the potential in others. By recognizing setbacks (挫折) as a part of learning and character-building, and support as necessary for growth, we can allow more people to do great things and so add their particular gift to the world. 1．What is the book aimed at? A．Introducing ways to nurture individuals. B．Presenting predictors of success. C．Challenging convention about success. D．Stressing the importance of nurture in success. 2．What do the underlined words “Summoning the nerve” mean in paragraph 3? A．Asking for help.              C． Accepting the truth. B．Seeking opportunities.         D．Working up the courage. 3．What does Grant want to convey by mentioning Finland? A．It’s important to develop each child’s potential. B．Finland’s teachers are experts in teaching. C．Making learning playful is the key to education. D．Finland’s education produces many geniuses. 4．What is the text? A．A short story. B．A book review. C．A research article. D．A news report. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了《隐藏的潜力》这本书，并具体阐述了该书的主要内容以及作者对于经历挫折有利于激发潜力这一观点的论述。文章旨在鼓励学生经历挫折，从中学习并激发自己的潜力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“His mission is to challenge conventional wisdom around innate (天生) talent, hard work, or past performance as being predictors of success, and he argues that nurture is more important than nature when it comes to developing everyone’s potential. (他的使命是挑战将天赋、努力工作或过去的表现作为成功预测因素的传统观念。他认为，在开发每个人的潜力方面，后天培养比先天更重要)”可知，他认为，在开发每个人的潜力方面，后天培养比先天更重要。由此可知，本书的目的是强调培养对成功的重要性。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中““Summoning the nerve to face discomfort is a character skill — an especially important form of determination,” Grant writes. “If we avoid the discomfort of learning techniques that don’t come easily to us, we limit our own growth.” (“ 直面令人不适的状况是一种品格技能——一种特别重要的决心，”格兰特写道。“如果我们避免了学习不容易获得的技术带来的不适，我们就限制了自己的成长。”)” 可知，这里说的是面对不舒服（学习有难度的技巧带来的不适）需要一种决心，也就是鼓起勇气去面对，所以划线词意思鼓起勇气，和D选项“Working up the courage(鼓起勇气)”意思相同。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“For example, he stresses the importance of designing schools to give all children the potential to learn. He points to Finland, where schools have focused on making education playful, while making teachers to be experts on students’ learning and helping students to pursue their interests and develop skills. (例如，他强调设计学校的重要性，让所有孩子都有学习的潜力。他以芬兰为例，那里的学校注重让教育变得有趣，同时让教师成为学生学习的专家，帮助学生追求自己的兴趣和发展技能)” 可推断，Grant提到芬兰是为了说明设计学校以给予所有孩子学习的潜力很重要，芬兰的学校就是这样做的例子。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章开篇讲述了一群孩子的故事引入Adam Grant的新书《Hidden Potential》，然后介绍了书的主旨、书中的一些观点等，整体是对这本书的评论。故选B。 试卷第2页，共32页 试卷第1页，共32页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$