专题06 考前必做阅读理解难点突破1（名师点津+精准押题）-2025新高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典

《2025新高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典》 专题06 考前必做阅读理解难点突破1（名师点津+精准押题）原卷版 考前必做目录 段落大意题3篇 P2 【名师点津】 P2 【精准押题】 P2 文章大意题3篇 P5 【名师点津】 P5 【精准押题】 P6 态度推断题3篇 P8 【名师点津】 P8 【精准押题】 P9 写作手法题3篇 P11 【名师点津】 P11 【精准押题】 P12 写作意图题3篇 P15 【名师点津】 P15 【精准押题】 P15 文章寓意题3篇 P18 【名师点津】 P18 【精准押题】 P18 段落大意题3篇 【名师点津】 一、段落大意题干扰项特征 1.过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。 2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。 3.移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上。 4.主观臆测，无中生有。选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。 二、段落大意题两大抓手 1.寻找段落主题句 解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。一般而言，每个段落总有一个中心，通常中心思想会在首句或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。 2.确定段落关键词 段落中反复出现的词汇一般就是段落关键词，往往需要出现在正确选项中。 三、段落大意题思维导图 【精准押题】 （2025·广东深圳·二模）A new groundbreaking study reveals a landmark breakthrough in the field of snakebite treatment. Researchers, led by David Baker from the University of Washington, have designed new proteins — unlike any found in nature — that can inactivate some of the most poisonous components of snake bite toxins (毒素). Snakebites represent a substantial global health issue, affecting millions of people each year. According to the World Health Organization, over 2 million people suffer from snakebites annually, with more than 100,000 deaths and 300,000 cases of permanent disabilities. Current treatment options, mainly obtained from animal blood, often present drawbacks, including high production costs, limited efficiency, and severe side effects, such as causing shock and breathing difficulties. In light of these challenges, Baker and his team have made effective use of deep learning tools to develop artificial proteins capable of attaching to and inactivating toxins. The study focuses on a specific group of snake proteins known as three-finger toxins. These toxins often bypass the immune (免疫的) system, making conventional treatments ineffective. Notably, the newly designed proteins provide significant protection against deadly amounts of three-finger toxins in mice, achieving survival rates ranging from 80% to 100%. By avoiding the lengthy and resource-intensive processes associated with conventional antibody development, this approach could lead to more accessible and affordable treatments. Also, the new proteins are smaller, allowing for greater penetration (渗透) into body systems to quickly inactivate the toxins and reduce damage. The efficiency and speed at which these proteins can be designed and produced using AI indicate a transformative shift in drug discovery processes, especially in resource-limited settings. While the study’s findings are encouraging, the researchers acknowledge that traditional antitoxins will remain central to snakebite treatment for the near future. The newly created computer-designed antitoxins can be integrated into existing treatment as additions, enhancing the overall effectiveness of established treatments. Meanwhile, scientists believe the new methods employed in this study could be beneficial to tackling other diseases, potentially leading to the emergence of less expensive medicines for various health challenges. 1．Which is a shortcoming of the current snakebite treatments? A．They mainly rely on animal blood. B．They are effective in certain regions. C．They can lead to serious health risks. D．They may leave toxins in patients’ bodies. 2．How did Baker’s team deal with the current challenges? A．By inventing deep learning tools. B．By identifying more snake toxins. C．By enhancing the immune system. D．By designing AI-generated proteins. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about concerning Baker’s new study? A．Its advantages. B．Its strategies. C．Its procedures. D．Its limitations. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The existing approaches are hard to change. B．The conventional treatments are out of date. C．The new methods might enlighten other treatments. D．The new antitoxins will be the core of future methods. （2025·安徽·三模）Chinese skeleton (钢架雪车) racer Zhao Dan made a significant advance on Saturday by winning China’s first-ever women’s gold medal in the discipline at the World Cup series in Yanqing. Zhao Dan, who previously trained as a triple jump (三级跳远) athlete before switching to skeleton racing, outperformed a strong field of Olympic medalists in the competition. The National Sliding Center in northwest Beijing features one of the world’s most challenging tracks, covering 1.9 kilometers with difficult turns, steep slopes (陡坡), and a unique 360-degree circular section. Few players have managed to master this track since its first appearance at the 2022 Winter Olympics, making Zhao Dan’s achievement even more remarkable. Zhao Dan completed her two runs in a combined time of two minutes and 4.27 seconds, defeating Olympic champion Hannah Neise of Germany by 0.37 seconds. Britain’s Freya Tarbit, who was tied with Zhao Dan after the first run, finished third with a total time of 2:04:68. The victory marked a significant improvement for Zhao Dan, who had finished second in her previous Yanqing Cup race. In the men’s competition, China’s Yin Zheng secured third place with a time of 2:02:02, behind Britain’s Matt Weston and Germany’s Christopher Grotheer, who won gold. The Chinese men’s team showed impressive depth, with three more racers — Lin Qinwei, Zhu Haifeng, and Chen Wenhao — finishing in the top eight positions. The event demonstrated China’s growing strength in skeleton racing, with both the men’s and women’s teams qualifying the maximum number of racers allowed per team. “Now, we have the medals and the strength in numbers. Gradually, I think we will achieve better results one race at a time,” said Zhao Dan, who at 21 years old represents the future of Chinese skeleton racing. The competition attracted 62 athletes from 16countries to compete in this season’s third World Cup event. 5．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．Chinese are born skeleton players. B．China has made history in skeleton. C．Zhao Dan isn’t suitable for triple jump. D．Skeleton is popular in China. 6．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The introduction to playing field. B．The process of contest. C．The achievements of Zhao Dan. D．The uniqueness of 2022 Winter Olympics. 7．What made Zhao Dan’s win impressive? A．Her appearance. B．Tracks of high difficulty. C．The number of medals. D．Her achievements in triple jump. 8．What is Zhao Dan’s attitude towards the coming competition? A．Indifferent. B．Worried. C．Confident. D．Unsure. （2025·江苏南通·二模）A puzzling primate (灵长类动物) might be the offspring (后代) of two distantly related species. And this monkey business is worrying scientists. Six years ago, tour guide Brenden Miles was traveling down the Kinabatangan River. He was on the Southeast Asian island of Borneo. Suddenly, he spotted an odd-looking primate, so he snapped a few photos. At first, he thought it could be a silvered leaf monkey with rare coloring. But then he noticed other details: The monkey’s tail was thicker than it should be, and its nose was long like that of a proboscis monkey. Scientists have now studied those photos. They suspect that this mystery monkey is a hybrid (杂交物种). Sometimes closely related species hybridize. This happens only occasionally in the wild. But what was especially surprising in this case is that the monkey’s suspected parents a male proboscis monkey and a female silvered leaf monkey — are distant relatives. Scientists are concerned that this might signal that the creature’s parent species are in trouble. “Changes to the parent monkeys’ habitat might explain a hybrid,” said Nadine Ruppert, a primatologist who studied the mystery monkey. Oil palm plantations have been expanding along the Kinabatangan River. As forests turn to farmland, wildlife habitats can be harmed or lost. “In some spots, the suspected parent monkey species have been squeezed into small patches of forest along that river,” Ruppert said. “Monkeys there could have to compete more for mates. In close quarters, the male of the bigger species can dominate. In this case, the proboscis male might easily displace males of the silvered leaf monkey.” The mystery monkey has made people living in the area very excited. “The hybrid is gorgeous, but we don’t want to see more of them,” Ruppert said. “Both proboscis monkeys and silvered leaf monkeys may lack enough food and space to behave as they would naturally.” In Borneo and around the world, human activities and climate change are hurting animal habitats. As natural habitats are lost, mating between different species might increase. 9．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The discovery of a rare species. B．A photographer’s unusual adventure. C．The new features of a strange primate. D．Differences between two monkey species. 10．What can be inferred about the two suspected parent monkey species? A．They have to fight for oil palm fruit. B．They were previously close relatives. C．Proboscis monkeys are smaller in size. D．Shared habitats influence their interaction. 11．What may cause hybridization according to the text? A．Natural disasters. B．Unsustainable farming. C．Extensive deforestation. D．Competitions within the species. 12．How does Nadine Ruppert feel about the appearance of the “mystery monkey”? A．Puzzled. B．Concerned. C．Excited. D．Relieved. 文章大意题3篇 【名师点津】 一、记叙文主旨大意题 1.看首段和尾段，以尾段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 二、说明文和议论文主旨大意题 1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 三、文章大意题错误选项典型错误 一是“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意； 二是“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容； 三是“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 四、文章大意五种题型 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 五、文章大意题思维导图 【精准押题】 （24-25高三下·重庆·阶段练习）Ghanaian photojournalist Paul Ninson was thrilled — and surprised. When he came to New York to study photography five years ago, he found a rich collection of images of life in Africa, past and present, in the city’s libraries, galleries and museums. Here he was thousands of miles from Ghana surrounded by more visual history of Africa than he had ever seen back home. That led to an idea: create a library of photobooks in Ghana, which allows people to learn about their own history and gives them the tools to tell new stories of the continent. This idea has been realized with the creation of the Dikan Center in Accra, Ghana’s capital. Dikan means “take the lead” in the Akan language. To create the center, Ninson travelled around New York City for books to ship to Ghana. He searched secondhand stores on the Lower East Side, engaged in online bidding wars and reached out to publishers and galleries, some of whom donated hundreds of materials. He maxed out his credit cards and lined his apartment walls with books, using Uber and U-Haul trucks to transport the books to storage units he rented across the city. He managed to amass more than 30,000 volumes — mainly about photography filmmaking, but also issues of publications like National Geographic dating back to the early 1940s. Ninson had additional support from his friend and collaborator, Brandon Stanton, who started aGoFundMe that raised over $1. 2 million for the founding of Dikan. In December 2022, the Dikan Center was opened. In a former residence that was renovated(翻新)to house the center, anyone is welcome to sit with the African story as long as they’d like. Michael Itkoff, a supporter of Ninson and the Dikan Center from the start, says photobooks offer a different visual experience in today’s world, which is often focused on the volume and speed of images available online. “The photobook allows for an intimate and more slowed down — and I would say elegant — experience of visuals,” says Itkoff. 1．What is Ninson’s purpose of creating the Dikan Center? A．To bring the African story home. B．To change people’s attitude to Africa. C．To pursue his passion for photography. D．To create a sharing space for book-lovers. 2．What does paragraph 5 mainly focus on? A．Ninson’s good taste in books. B．The assistance Ninson has received. C．Efforts made in creating Dikan Center. D．Wide sources of books in Dikan Center. 3．How would Itkoff describe the experience of reading photobooks? A．An ideal tool for art education. B．An escape from a fast-paced life. C．A dive into the richness of stories. D．A beautiful encounter with visuals. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The realization of a big dream. B．The influence of a social trend. C．The development of photobooks. D．The growth of a genius photographer. （2025·河南郑州·模拟预测）As a foreign English teacher at my school in Japan, I have a weekly English music broadcast where I show different English songs. I try to get the students to recommend songs to me for the broadcast. At the broadcast, I usually announce who recommended the song and then play it for everyone to hear during lunch time. I give everyone a chance to share themselves through their music, including one tough student of mine, Jerry. This student constantly got into fights with the other students and brought down the energy of the class. Most of the other students pushed him away. I knew that he just needed a friend, or at least someone he could connect with. I could tell he was warming up to me over the last year. I told him to think of a song he likes that has some English words in it and that I would play it on the broadcast for him. He eventually recommended a song. I really liked the song so I put it on the broadcast and made sure to announce his name, so everyone knew that he contributed and recommended such a great song. Needless to say, the boy was excited, and he’s been much happier and focused in English class ever since. While everyone else misunderstood him and pushed him away, I knew that he just needed someone who acknowledged(认可) him and gave him a chance. There’s still a language barrier between us, but words aren’t needed—you can always sense that you’re with someone. He recently walked by me and gave me the most genuine(纯真的) smile that I’ve ever seen. My colleagues turned to me and said, “I’ve never seen him smile like that before. How did you get through to him?” I said, “Through just one song.” 5．Why did most students push Jerry away? A．He was poor in his studies. B．He refused to connect with his friends. C．He always fought with the others. D．He recommended songs to the broadcast. 6．What do we know about Jerry? A．He actually prefers fighting to studying. B．He is changed by the recommended song. C．He makes no progress in his studies at all. D．He is popular with most teachers and students. 7．How does Jerry feel about the author? A．Grateful. B．Disappointed. C．Unconcerned. D．Doubtful 8．What is the text mainly about? A．A historical event. B．An inspiring story. C．A fairy tale. D．A research report. （24-25高三下·新疆乌鲁木齐·阶段练习）To fight climate change, scientists have been developing various technologies aimed at reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. One such innovative approach is proposed by Ning Zeng, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Maryland. Zeng suggests a novel carbon-removal strategy that involves digging trenches (沟), filling them with wood from managed forests, and then covering the wood with clay to create an oxygen-poor environment. This process aims to prevent or reduce the decay (腐烂) of the wood, thus minimizing the release of CO2. The concept behind this strategy is straightforward yet effective. By burying unused wood a few meters underground, it can be preserved for thousands of years, effectively sequestering the carbon contained within it. Zeng’s team conducted a pilot study in 2007 on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, where they buried 100 cross sections of loblolly pines at different depths. The results showed that wood decay took several years at the surface but several decades at an 80cm depth. A follow-up project in Montreal in 2013 involved burying 35 tons of unwanted wood in a 4-meter-deep trench. Nine years later, nearly no decay was observed below 1.5 meters, suggesting that 97% of the wood would remain undecayed for over a century. Encouraged by these findings, Zeng founded Carbon Lockdown in 2022. The company is currently burying 5,000 tons of CO2-equivalent (二氧化碳当量) wood from nearby forestry operations on a farm near the Potomac River in southern Maryland. This initiative is registered as a carbon-offset project, and earlier this year, a Swedish investment group called Kinnevik purchased the first 1,000 tons of carbon. Looking ahead, the researchers aim to scale up the operation and hope others will adopt this approach. However, Elaine Pegoraro, a soil and climate scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, expresses concerns about removing wood that could otherwise contribute to soil carbon. She also points out that such wood burial might only reduce a minor portion of human-caused CO2 emissions. Despite these concerns, Zeng emphasizes that their current focus is on using unmarketable waste wood. 9．Why does Ning Zeng propose burying waste wood underground? A．To produce more high-quality soil. B．To transform CO2 into a solid form. C．To provide nutrients for forest plants. D．To cut the emission of carbon dioxide. 10．What does the underlined word “sequestering” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Trapping. B．Transporting. C．Changing. D．Missing. 11．What is Elaine Pegoraro’s attitude towards Zeng’s approach? A．Supportive. B．Carefree. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 12．What is the text mainly about? A．The future of managed forests. B．An innovative way to reduce carbon. C．A breakthrough in using soil carbon. D．Ways to prevent waste wood decaying. 态度推断题3篇 【名师点津】 态度观点态度类试题的解题方法： 第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意； 第二：加入自己的态度。要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度； 第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。 乐观支持类词汇：optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的 客观中立类词汇：objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的 消极反对类词汇：negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的 【精准押题】 （2025·广东·三模）Global warming has led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as heat waves, heavy rainfall and droughts, impacting human health and ecosystems. To determine how much global warming has contributed to heat waves in the U.S. and elsewhere in recent years and to design effective solutions, AI was utilized by researchers at Stanford University and Colorado State University. In their method, which was detailed in an Aug. 21 study in Science Advances, researchers trained AI models by using data from a large database of climate model simulations (气候模型模拟) extending from 1850 to 2100 to predict daily maximum temperatures based on real-world regional weather and global mean temperature. They then estimated how much hotter heat waves would be if the exact same weather conditions that had caused past heat waves occurred under higher levels of global warming. They first tested their AI method on the 2023 Texas heat wave, which led to a record number of heat-related deaths that year, finding that global warming increased the heat wave’s temperature by 1.18 to 1.42℃ compared to a non-climate change scenario. The AI also accurately predicted the intensity of record-setting heat waves in other regions. The team warned that if global temperatures rose by 2.0℃ above pre-industrial levels, some of the worst heat waves over the past 45 years could happen multiple times per decade. Global temperature is currently approaching 1.3℃ above pre-industrial levels. “While AI hasn’t solved all the scientific challenges, it bridges the gap between the actual meteorological (气象的) conditions and climate models, enabling us to conduct more generalized virtual experiments on the Earth system and providing valuable insights for climate scientists and policymakers alike,” said the study’s lead author Noah Diffenbaugh, a professor at Stanford University. To gain deeper insights into how human emissions affect extreme weather and to better prepare for the future, the team intends to apply this method to other extreme weather events and enhance AI networks for higher forecasting accuracy, including quantifying uncertainties in AI predictions. 1．How did the researchers train the AI models? A．By predicting daily maximum temperatures. B．By creating their own data exclusively. C．By analyzing satellite temperature images. D．By employing data from a previous database. 2．What can we know from paragraph 3? A．Global temperature has risen by 1.3℃ so far. B．Global warming has caused hotter heat waves. C．This AI method enjoyed the highest accuracy. D．The Texas heat wave was the only event tested by the AI. 3．What is Noah Diffenbaugh’s attitude toward the AI approach used in this study? A．Dismissive. B．Doubtful. C．Indifferent. D．Favorable. 4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text? A．To discuss AI’s role in predicting weather extremes. B．To discuss the effects of global warming. C．To report new extreme weather findings in the U.S.A． D．To show AI’s use in linking heat waves to global warming. （2025·宁夏银川·二模）Chinese architect and educator Liu Jiakun has been announced as the laureate of the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize, the highest honor in the architecture field, for his ability to blend traditional Chinese elements with contemporary design and for his commitment to social equity in the built environment. Escaping stylistic restrictions, Liu Jiakun’s work relies on adaptive strategies to harmonize collective and individual spaces, encouraging empathy and an emotional connection to both arcBhitecture and community. Through his architecture, leisure and openness find space within dense urban environments, inviting diverse users to be involved in the spectacle of everyday life. “I always aspire to be like water — to permeate (渗透) through a place without carrying a fixed form of my own and to seep into the local environment and the site itself. Over time, the water gradually solidifies, transforming into architecture, and perhaps even into the highest form of human spiritual creation. Yet, it still retains all the qualities of that place, both good and bad.” said Liu. To better reflect the processes that led to the creation of architecture and the passing of time, he avoids polished surfaces and refined finishes, instead embracing the textures and imperfections that develop over time, giving his buildings a unique color that speaks to their history and context. This commitment is in his use of locally sourced and often recycled materials — for example, the rubbles (碎石) from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake transformed into resilient bricks used in projects such as the Novartis Building and the Xicun Compound. This approach, reflecting his “building for the community, building by the community” ethos, extends even to smaller-scale projects, such as the Hu Huishan Memorial, where the raw texture of the cement relief carries both symbolic and physical weight. Liu Jiakun’s work redefines architecture as a medium for storytelling and social empowerment. By harmonizing local contexts with universal human needs, he creates spaces that are both functional and deeply symbolic, proving that architecture can uplift communities while honoring their past. 5．Why was Liu Jiakun awarded the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize? A．Because of his remarkable skills in architecture. B．Because of his design philosophy in architectural practice. C．Because of his use of imported materials in urban projects. D．Because of his rejection of community involvement in architecture. 6．What does Liu Jiakun mean by aspiring “to be like water”? A．Be free just like water. B．Use water as a primary material. C．Prioritize the design in the form of water. D．Acommodate to local contexts unrestrictedly. 7．Why did Liu Jiakun use the rubbles from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake? A．To preserve history. B．To decline contemporary elements. C．To use high-tech construction methods. D．To contribute to community collaboration. 8．What is the author’s attitude towards Liu Jiakun’s architectural philosophy? A．Disapproving. B．Ambiguious. C．Optimistic. D．Objective. （24-25高三下·山东菏泽·阶段练习）Human echolocation (回声定位) has at times allowed people to ride bikes or play basketball despite being completely blind from a very young age. These echolocators typically perceive their environment by clicking sharply with their tongues and listening to differences in the sounds reflected off objects. Brain-imaging studies reveal that expert echolocators display responses to sound in their brain’s primary visual region, and researchers have thought that not getting enough visual input for a long time might cause the brain’s visual areas to be used for other purposes. “There’s been this strong tradition to think of the blind brain as different, that it’s necessary to have gone through that sensory loss to exhibit this brain’s ability to adapt and reorganize,” says Lore Thaler, a scientist at Durham University in England. Thaler co-led a 2021 study showing that both blind and sighted people could learn echolocation with just 10 weeks of training. For more recent work in the journal Cerebral Cortex, she and her colleagues examined the brain changes underlying these abilities. After training, both blind and sighted people displayed responses to echoes in their visual cortex (大脑皮层), a finding that challenges the belief that primary sensory regions are wholly sense-specific. The researchers trained 14 sighted and 12 blind people for between two and three hours twice a week over 10 weeks. They started by teaching participants to produce mouth clicks, then trained them on three tasks. The first two involved judging the size or direction of objects. The third involved going through virtual mazes (迷宫), which participants moved around using sounds that were made to match where they were. Both groups improved on all the tasks. “This study adds a significant contribution to a growing body of evidence that this is a trainable skill that’s available to both blind and sighted people,” says Santani Teng, a psychologist at the Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute in San Francisco, who studies echolocation. Most surprisingly, after training, both blind and sighted participants also showed visual cortex activation in response to echoes. Thaler suspects that rather than just processing visual data, this brain area takes in information from varied senses that aid space understanding. 9．What does the brain imaging study suggest about expert echolocators? A．Their visual cortex is fully developed. B．Their brain’s visual areas might be used for other purposes. C．They have a unique way of processing visual information. D．They have lost the ability to process sound information. 10．What did Lore Thaler and her colleagues find in their 2021 study? A．Blind people could learn echolocation better than sighted people. B．Sighted people showed no visual cortex activation to echoes. C．Almost anyone can learn echolocation in just ten weeks of training. D．Echolocation is an impossible skill to learn. 11．What was previous misunderstanding about primary sensory regions? A．They can’t be trained. B．They are useful for blind people. C．They are unrelated to echolocation. D．They are only linked to one sense. 12．What is Santani Teng’s attitude towards the trainability of echolocation? A．Skeptical. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 写作手法题3篇 【名师点津】 高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。 一、根据文章题材来判断。 ①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。 ②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。 ③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。 二、根据“原文定位”来判断。 先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。 ①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:for example, for instance ②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词：as a result/consequence ③by giving definitions通过下定义。标志词：that is to say ④by listing data/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字 ⑤by describing a process 通过描述过程。标志词：first, second, third, finally ⑥by following time order 遵循时间顺序。标志词：in 1920，in the 1940s, nowadays ⑦by making comparisons/contrast 通过对比。标志词：but, while, ⑧by making classifications 通过分类。标志词：first, next, then ⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词：That is because…. ⑩by following space order 遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内 【精准押题】 （24-25高三上·重庆·阶段练习）In 1990, Gibson and Bruce Sterling’s The Difference Engine imagined an alternative history where computers were built a century earlier with gears (齿轮), helping popularize steampunk, a style of blending old and new technologies. How breathtaking when technology could be constructed from the past’s parts! But what if the world truly worked this way? Is digital perfection too much trustworthy? It might be better to see it not as a glimpse into the future, but as a legacy from the past, with all the problems handed down. In January 2023, the grounding of U.S. planes caused delays and losses when the outdated NOTAM system from 1920 failed. In a steampunk-inspired Doctor Who episode, heroes discover the engine of a spaceship is futuristic by appearance but a tortured, whale-like creature, driven like a horse under the whip. Those who grow curious face social pressure, punishment, and distractions to be kept ignorant. Steampunk tales revisit Victorian power structures of the authorities, where bosses promise a bright future while hiding the suffering that fuels it. These elements provoke reflection on today’s world: Who truly labors behind the scenes? Are they living the bright future promised to others? Steampunk machines, both extraordinary and romantic, often stir up sadness as their parts wear out, demanding constant attention to function. In Pushing Ice, researchers land on an alien spaceship, only to be trapped as it accelerates into deep space. With no choice, they construct a chain of gears to control its energy, inspecting every gear daily; even a single malfunction could lead to death. Ultimately, it is humans—weak, imperfect, tending to aging machines—that sustain us. This steampunk-like view of technology, blending old and new, is particularly relevant today, when modern technologies often distract us from their inner workings. Just as we receive instant Amazon orders, we may soon depend on AI, focusing on results without questioning the process. The risks of this relationship to technology are self-evident. Yet it’s not so hard to adjust, imagining a forest of gears turning, wondering if they fit. It’s all less perfect than it seems. 1．What does the NOTAM system illustrate? A．A proof of trustworthy digital perfection. B．A perfect mix of old and new technologies. C．A necessity of a breathtaking glimpse into future. D．A display of a future-like yet problematic heritage. 2．What is typical of steampunk stories? A．They draw on Victorian society. B．They are starred by the cruel bosses. C．They are fueled by a promising future. D．They think highly of behind-the-scene labors. 3．How is the passage mainly developed? A．By presenting facts. B．By analyzing reasons. C．By listing examples. D．By following time order. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Perfect Machine: A Victory Fantasy B．Imperfect Progress: A Steampunk Insight C．Unfailing or not? Machines of Tomorrow D．Perfect or not? The Steampunk Revolution （2024·湖北·一模）“The water will turn to steam, which will power cars.” “Yeah, that’s a really cool idea.” This conversation is part of a lesson about technologies that reduce planet-heating pollution. It was lectured, in a brand-new way, by Kirstin Milks, a science teacher at Bloomington High School. Climate change is the story of today’s young people’s lives. But Milks says, “Our students need to know not just the stuff we hear about in the news, but also the actual difference we can make in our shared future.” So, she teaches in such an innovative way. Creativity is at the core of her lesson. After students learn the basics of climate engineering, which covers a range of strategies, including reflecting sunlight back into space and removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, they’re asked to “come up with interesting wild ideas” to slow global warming. In the first round of brainstorming, students imagined lots of ways to reflect light back into the atmosphere, like covering the desert in shiny glitter (发光物). Next, students are asked to consider the potential limitations and risks to their ideas. Take glitter in the desert, for example: “How are we going to make sure that the glitter doesn’t get eaten by the rock pocket mouse or snakes?” Milks asks. The student suggests making the glitter large and smooth enough so it won’t be eaten by animals or otherwise harm them. For their final assignment, students present their concepts, including their anticipated benefits and risks. Ben Kravitz, an assistant professor at Indiana University, who carefully watch the whole lesson, says, “The neat thing about seeing all of these ideas come out of the classroom is it’s not I can’t do it. It’s we can do it. Humans, when they get together, can do amazing things. And that’s what gives me hope.” 5．Why does Kirstin Milks lecture in an innovative way? A．She’s bettering ways to power cars. B．She’s inspiring students to address real problems. C．She’s making science classes more accessible. D．She’s helping students stay informed of climate change. 6．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Procedures of a lesson. B．The core value of creativity. C．Ideas of different students. D．The key concept of solutions. 7．How is the last paragraph mainly developed? A．By defining a concept. B．By quoting an expert. C．By making a comparison. D．By providing an example. 8．Which best describes Milks’ way of teaching? A．It ignores practical application. B．It focuses on theoretical knowledge. C．It encourages creative problem-solving. D．It highlights the risks of climate change. （2025·河南·二模）I give a lot of advice to my graduate students, most of whom are on the job market. I find that some young people are extremely anxious about the question, “How do I make a good impression in an interview?” People make judgments based on information they process in a second, below the level of consciousness. That does not mean, however, that anyone is sure to fail by a naturally serious behavior, a shy character, or plain old nervousness. On the contrary, a little understanding of the science of first impressions can help anyone improve the ways they affect the brains of people they meet, and better understand others as well. Close behind in speed, at 100 milliseconds, comes a consistent estimation of trustworthiness. Once again, this makes sense: you might not kill me outright, but I should still figure out if you’re trying to take advantage of me before I interact with you. (This rapid processing also involves, for example, how your brain decides whether to make direct eye contact with that person staring at you on the subway.) Improving our accuracy of impression of others’ competence takes us longer because we need more time to be confident in our judgments; quite commonly, our rapid initial judgments may be inconsistent with what we later decide. You might be thinking that judgments made this quickly are open to a lot of errors. The potential cost of incorrectly seeing someone as a threat is low, but the price of mistaking them as not a threat could be enormous. So, it’s no surprise that first impressions tend to be inaccurate. Researchers in 2010 asked participants in an experiment to view photos of strangers, and based on initial impressions, to judge aspects of their personality. The researchers found that their subjects claimed confidence in their judgments 70 to 80 percent of the time, but their actual accuracy was either modest or statistically nonexistent. People may arrive at incorrect judgments about you for many different reasons. For example, if you’re nervous when first meeting, your facial expression and behavior might not fairly represent your true character, purpose, and competence. 9．It can be inferred that the initial estimation of trustworthiness is ______ . A．usually from active interaction B．faster than other information C．after judgements about competence D．almost as fast as other judgements 10．Why are first impressions often inaccurate? A．People rely too much on statistical data. B．Emotion plays a vital role in impression. C．People lack patience to make judgments. D．The time to make judgements is too short. 11．How is the text mainly developed? A．By analyzing causes and effects. B．By giving opinions and evidence. C．By comparing different examples. D．By offering acceptable solutions. 12．What might the author continue talking about? A．How to make you trustworthy. B．How to leave a good impression. C．How to control facial expressions. D．How to remove an observer’s alarm. 写作意图题3篇 【名师点津】 每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出 来，而是隐含在文章 之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内 容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。 1. 主旨推断法。 写作意图与文章主旨密切相关，因此，解答这类题跟解答主旨大意题和选择文章标题一样，用略读法，即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，其主题句多在文首。 2. 文体推断法。 ①应用文广告的目的是吸引更多顾客、游客、读者、订户、观众等订阅或前往（to attract readers）。 ②记叙文的目的是分享有趣的经历、告诉一个有趣的故事（to entertain readers）、或给读者某种启示。 ③说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识（to inform readers），提出建议、劝告或呼吁有关部门给予重视。 ④议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点（to persuade readers），倡导某种做法等。 【精准押题】 （2025·河北秦皇岛·模拟预测）For seafood lovers, oysters (牡蛎) are a tasty treat. But for 15-year-old Demi Johnson from Gulfport, Mississippi, oysters are environmental superheroes. “They’re incredibly important,” Demi says. A single oyster can filter up to 50 gallons of seawater daily, removing pollution and harmful organisms. Groups of oysters form reefs (礁) that protect coastlines from erosion (侵蚀) and provide liomes for fish and other oceanic life. Demi learned this through oyster gardening — a conservation method where oysters are raised in underwater cages. She started oyster gardening in 2022 as a seventh-grade Girl Guides project, admitting, “I knew nothing at first.” Now, after completing a free course by the Mississippi Oyster Gardening Program (MOGP), she’s a certified master oyster gardener. Today, she’s something of an expert. “You don’t need to do much, but the environmental impact is huge,” she explains. In Mississippi’s coastal waters, oysters’ numbers have seen a big drop due to human-made and natural disasters, such as pollution, overharvesting and storms. Oyster gardening is a way to help restore the oyster population. During oyster gardening season, once a week, Demi and her mom go to Schooner Pier, on Biloxi Bay. Demi has nine cages there. She lifts each cage, shakes off mud and seaweeds, and checks the oysters’ growth. “I wash them and make sure they’re healthy,” she says. This spring, Demi’s oysters — along with those from other local gardeners — will be moved to reefs in the Mississippi Sound. MOGP research assistant Emily McCay praises Demi’s devotion: “She’s gone above and beyond. In spare time, she helps with training new volunteers and even repairs equipment.” So far, Demi has raised over 1,500 oysters and inspired many others to join the program. Last year, Demi won a National Geographic Young Heroes Award for her conservation work. She donated her $1,000 prize to MOGP. “Her donation helped us buy new cages and baby oysters,” says MOGP leader P. J. Waters, who calls Demi “a fantastic ambassador for coastal protection.” 1．What led Demi into oyster gardening? A．MOGP’s free course. B．Her mom’s example. C．A students’ program. D．A school assignment. 2．What can be inferred about the oysters in Mississippi’s waters? A．They grow faster recently. B．They face no threats now. C．They’ve finished MOGP. D．They used to be plentiful. 3．Why does Demi go to Schooner Pier every week A．To care for her oysters. B．To collect baby oysters. C．To train new volunteers. D．To study water pollution. 4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To advocate oyster gardening. B．To criticize coastal pollution. C．To explain oyster life cycles. D．To highlight the youth’s impact. （2025·安徽滁州·二模）For her 85th birthday, I gave my mother an iPad. Though she’d never used a computer, she showed a keen interest in the device because she knew people who had one, and she believed that if she didn’t keep up with technology, she’d one day find herself in a computerized kitchen, unable to open a can of soup. Then began her journey of exploring the digital world. Mom is a reader, so I downloaded the library app and signed her up for an e-card. She regularly downloaded e-books herself. When they were not immediately available, she put them on hold and usually forgot about them later. Next, we handled Netflix. Being a movie lover, Mom was astonished by the number of films that Netflix has on offer. One Saturday she called because she was having trouble logging onto Netflix. She was sure that she had entered correct user’s name and password, but without any luck. I suggested the version might be too old. “They probably have fewer people working as it’s a long weekend,” she told me. Now, we FaceTime and Zoom every day. She reads e-books, amazed that she can check them out in the middle of the night. She watches TV series and even knows about the most recent hit. However, she is still unable to surf the Internet smoothly — whenever she wants to browse the news sector online, she might touch the pop-up ads and sidebars by accident, thus ending up on strange pages. I can’t wait for the day when we can sit down in person and surf the Internet together. In the meantime, it’s great to see how much her confidence has grown. Yesterday, she FaceTimed me “I’ve made a resolution,” she announced. “I’m going to learn how to operate every piece of technology in the apartment — including the TV remote.” 5．Why did the author’s mom show a keen interest in iPad? A．Because she was a movie lover. B．Because everyone she knew had one. C．Because it was gifted by her daughter. D．Because she didn’t want to be left behind. 6．What might be the reason why the author’s mother couldn’t log onto Netflix? A．The app needed to be updated. B．Few people worked on the weekend. C．She entered the wrong user’s password. D．Her iPad’s operating system broke down. 7．What trouble does the author’s mom encounter when surfing the Internet? A．It’s hard to read e-books at night. B．She might be led to strange pages. C．The sidebars fail to function properly. D．There is nothing fun in the news sector. 8．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the article? A．To suggest some apps an iPad offers to old people. B．To share her mom’s experiences of learning technology. C．To criticize technology for being unfriendly to seniors. D．To show her approaches to teaching her mom to use an iPad. （2025·四川成都·模拟预测）Being able to tell human faces apart is a skill that almost every person has, although some are far better at it than others. But a new study from the journal Scientific Reports says that this is not just a skill that humans possess. Even fish can do it. Following up on research studying different species’ abilities to recognize human faces (sheep, dogs, cows, horses, and birds have all been tried), the researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of Queensland decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortex (大脑新皮层), the part of the brain that processes sight and sounds, and does not have a close relationship with humans. That way, there would be no reason why these test subjects would have a past history of identifying human faces. So they picked the archerfish, a reef fish variety that shoots water into the air to knock its prey (猎物) out of the sky. They used this adaptation to have the fish spray water at a face on a monitor hanging over their tanks for a reward. Most of the fish were able to pick out their learned face, even when colours were taken away or methods were used to make the face shapes unclear. This study gives more backing to the hypothesis that differentiating between faces is not just a skill that big-brained organisms are born with. It is possible that a good portion of recognizing faces is learned over time. The development of the necortex may contribute only to quickly process a large number of faces in varying situations. But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behaviour. The subject of this study was very small — only eight fish were used altogether. Also, the faces displayed on the monitor were only white, female faces from a German database, shown in a frontal view, with no expressions. Other animal trials have shown that some species, like pigeons, respond more to differing angles and varied expressions. 9．Why were the archerfish chosen as test subjects? A．They spray water to hit the prey. B．They are cleverer than other species. C．They have sharp vision and hearing. D．They aren’t closely related to humans. 10．What is the author’s attitude toward the study? A．Cautious. B．Negative. C．Positive. D．Ambiguous. 11．Which of the following might be suggested for further studies in the future? A．Enlarging the human faces. B．Using black-and-white pictures. C．Employing more male researchers. D．Including more experimental subjects. 12．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To reveal the differences between species. B．To show the way animals tell human faces apart. C．To present a new discovery on a specific animal ability. D．To introduce the animals that can recognize human faces. 文章寓意题3篇 【名师点津】 1. 关注选项格言或成语含义，甚至言外之意，做题留痕圈。 2. 找到原文相对应的段落或句子描述，进而提炼相应形容词。 3. 比对四个选项，留意答案往往是一对一错，选择最佳答案。 【精准押题】 （2025·河北·二模）Watching thousands of baby puffins (海鹦), known as p pufflings, being thrown off a cliff (悬崖) is perfectly normal for the people of Iceland’s Westman Islands. This yearly tradition is what’s known as “puffling season” and it is a crucial practice. Puffins are charming birds and attract locals and tourists to visit them. But during puffling season, the focus shifts from merely watching to actively helping the young puffins. The chicks of puffins hatch in nests on high sea cliffs. About six weeks after hatching, they will fly from their nests and spend several years at sea until they return to land to breed. Puffins have historically found the ocean by following the light of the moon. But because of lights from towns near where the puffins nest, they can get lost. Instead of heading out to sea to fish and grow strong, the birds end up heading inland. They wander on the streets, where cars, cats, and buildings pose dangerous obstacles. So, many residents spend a few weeks in August and September collecting baby puffins that have crashed into town and then gently throwing them into the ocean. According to Erpur Hansen, a local ecologist, the average puffin population in Iceland has decreased by 70 percent over the last 30 years. “While light pollution may be the most visible and easily blamed issue, what’s restricting puffin numbers most dramatically are rising sea surface temperatures,” he explains. To further worsen the issue, puffins also only lay one egg per year, and only after they’re 3-6 years old. That rareness, combined with lack of food, and the legal hunting of the birds in Iceland all come together to threaten the population. In fact, Hansen has suggested that if all factors continue on a similar trend, puffins in Iceland could be a thing of the past in a matter of decades. “On the upside, the last few years have seen something of a population increase, but that doesn’t mean it’s time to relax and it’s important to remain watchful to protect the birds, especially during puffling season,” Hansen says. 1．What do people from Westman Islands usually do in puffling season? A．Watch pufflings thrown off a cliff by adult puffins. B．Observe pufflings flying from their nests to breed. C．Search for pufflings and release them into the wild. D．Celebrate the pufflings’ successful migration journey. 2．Why do many puffins lose their ways? A．The moonlight is hazier than it used to be. B．They are misled by artificial lights inland. C．They are born with poor sense of direction. D．Natural environment is too complicated to adapt. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly focus on about the puffin? A．The multiple factors causing its decline. B．The impact of climate change on it. C．The rareness of its breeding features. D．The numerous challenges its habitat faces. 4．What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A．There’s no need for long-term fix for the pufflings. B．Puffins’ future is overwhelmingly discouraging. C．Constant active intervention from humans is essential. D．The puffling season tradition should be spread across Iceland. （24-25高三下·江苏南京·阶段练习）The afternoon air was thick and warm, and by the time my dad and I reached the bay, which we called a swimming palace, my clothes were damp and itchy (痒) on my skin. Dad dived into a splash, heading out toward the edge of our narrow bay. Overwhelmed, suddenly, and with envy, I did what I hadn’t done in years: I held my breath and pulled my own head underwater. There, suspended beneath the glimmering surface, I remembered it all — my love of diving, swimming, rivers and lakes. I knew what it was like again: to be free and fully present in my own skin. Though I’ve always loved the water, I had spent seven years prior to that day staying away from moments like this one. I was afraid. Struggling for a long time with unhelpful treatments, and the pressures of teenage girls’ appearance, I had become entirely reliant on my makeup. I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. My bare face and natural appearance were not something I identified with. I hated it, deeply, though I wished more than anything that I didn’t. But those 10 minutes of contentment I floated within were fuel for the next chapter of my life. Suddenly, it didn’t matter how I did it. Whether through medication or mental attitude, I would find a way to have the kind of life that allowed me to dive into the water. That day was the beginning of a slow but determined journey back to my own body — a slow unearthing of my deep self-consciousness. Life didn’t change in a heartbeat: I returned to the shore with all the same fears, but I clothed myself in a new determination to change things. I felt the tide turn. Reflecting on this moment again today, it seems strange to think that going bare-faced on an empty beach was such a challenge. But this is exactly the perspective I had once dreamed of reaching. I do my best never to take for granted this freedom I have found. I will sink under the surface of the water, embracing that swell of fear and joy and liberation. 5．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．My father’s action inspired me. B．I once suffered from memory loss. C．My envy prevented me from diving. D．The bay was where I learned swimming. 6．The author avoided swimming for seven years because of ______ . A．pressure from independence B．treatment for mental illness C．inconvenience of making up D．insecurity about appearance 7．How did the author feel after she returned from the diving? A．Hesitant and fearful. B．Restless but joyful. C．Proud and contented. D．Afraid but resolute. 8．What message does the author want to convey in the passage? A．Do not judge a book by its cover. B．Self-acceptance is the greatest gift. C．Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. D．Nothing is difficult to a willing heart. （2025·山东·模拟预测）It was a clear autumn morning, and the lake was calm, its surface reflecting the golden colors of the surrounding trees. I stood at the edge of the dock (船埠), my toes tightly holding the wooden boards, as I watched my friends dive into the water with effortless grace. Their laughter spread across the lake, but I remained frozen, my heart beating fast. I hadn’t swum for years—not since the accident. At twelve, during a family vacation, a sudden wave pulled me under in the ocean. I remembered the panic, the struggle to breathe, and the feeling of powerlessness. After that, I avoided water, fearing it would drown me again. But standing there that morning, something changed. I was tired of being afraid, tired of letting that moment define me. I wanted to reclaim the joy I once found in swimming. With a deep breath, I stepped off the dock. The cold water shocked me, but I surfaced, breathing for air. Instead of swimming back, I treaded (踩水) water, forcing myself to stay afloat. My heart raced, but I closed my eyes, focusing on my breathing, calming myself. Then, I dove under. The world beneath was silent and peaceful. Sunlight shone through, casting reflecting patterns on the lakebed. I felt weightless, free from my fears. For those moments, I was no longer the girl scared by an accident—I was just me, floating in my own world. When I emerged, I felt a great achievement. I had faced my fear and proven I could overcome it. That day marked a new chapter. I started swimming regularly, rebuilding my confidence. Each dive made me stronger, more in control. The accident didn’t just take away my love for swimming—it taught me that fear doesn’t have to be a prison. It can be a challenge, an opportunity to grow. Sometimes, all it takes is one brave moment to change everything. 9．What caused the author to avoid swimming for years? A．She was afraid of the freezing cold water. B．She didn’t have any friends to swim with. C．She had a terrible experience in the ocean. D．She didn’t like the feeling of touching water. 10．How did the author feel when she first stepped off the dock? A．Shocked and scared. B．Calm and relaxed. C．Excited and confident. D．Concerned and bored. 11．What does the author mean by saying “fear doesn’t have to be a prison”? A．Fear can prevent people from doing what they love. B．Fear can be overcome and used as a motivation to grow. C．Fear is something that might change everything for sure. D．Fear is always a negative emotion in people’s daily life. 12．What does the passage want to convey? A．Swimming in a lake nearby brings pure joy. B．Swimming in the ocean ends up with dangers. C．Having family vacations is extremely important. D．Overcoming fear and reclaiming one’s life matters. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 《2025新高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典》 专题06 考前必做阅读理解难点突破1（名师点津+精准押题）解析版 考前必做目录 段落大意题3篇 P2 【名师点津】 P2 【精准押题】 P2 文章大意题3篇 P7 【名师点津】 P7 【精准押题】 P8 态度推断题3篇 P12 【名师点津】 P12 【精准押题】 P12 写作手法题3篇 P17 【名师点津】 P17 【精准押题】 P17 写作意图题3篇 P22 【名师点津】 P22 【精准押题】 P22 文章寓意题3篇 P26 【名师点津】 P26 【精准押题】 P26 段落大意题3篇 【名师点津】 一、段落大意题干扰项特征 1.过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。 2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。 3.移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上。 4.主观臆测，无中生有。选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。 二、段落大意题两大抓手 1.寻找段落主题句 解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。一般而言，每个段落总有一个中心，通常中心思想会在首句或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。 2.确定段落关键词 段落中反复出现的词汇一般就是段落关键词，往往需要出现在正确选项中。 三、段落大意题思维导图 【精准押题】 （2025·广东深圳·二模）A new groundbreaking study reveals a landmark breakthrough in the field of snakebite treatment. Researchers, led by David Baker from the University of Washington, have designed new proteins — unlike any found in nature — that can inactivate some of the most poisonous components of snake bite toxins (毒素). Snakebites represent a substantial global health issue, affecting millions of people each year. According to the World Health Organization, over 2 million people suffer from snakebites annually, with more than 100,000 deaths and 300,000 cases of permanent disabilities. Current treatment options, mainly obtained from animal blood, often present drawbacks, including high production costs, limited efficiency, and severe side effects, such as causing shock and breathing difficulties. In light of these challenges, Baker and his team have made effective use of deep learning tools to develop artificial proteins capable of attaching to and inactivating toxins. The study focuses on a specific group of snake proteins known as three-finger toxins. These toxins often bypass the immune (免疫的) system, making conventional treatments ineffective. Notably, the newly designed proteins provide significant protection against deadly amounts of three-finger toxins in mice, achieving survival rates ranging from 80% to 100%. By avoiding the lengthy and resource-intensive processes associated with conventional antibody development, this approach could lead to more accessible and affordable treatments. Also, the new proteins are smaller, allowing for greater penetration (渗透) into body systems to quickly inactivate the toxins and reduce damage. The efficiency and speed at which these proteins can be designed and produced using AI indicate a transformative shift in drug discovery processes, especially in resource-limited settings. While the study’s findings are encouraging, the researchers acknowledge that traditional antitoxins will remain central to snakebite treatment for the near future. The newly created computer-designed antitoxins can be integrated into existing treatment as additions, enhancing the overall effectiveness of established treatments. Meanwhile, scientists believe the new methods employed in this study could be beneficial to tackling other diseases, potentially leading to the emergence of less expensive medicines for various health challenges. 1．Which is a shortcoming of the current snakebite treatments? A．They mainly rely on animal blood. B．They are effective in certain regions. C．They can lead to serious health risks. D．They may leave toxins in patients’ bodies. 2．How did Baker’s team deal with the current challenges? A．By inventing deep learning tools. B．By identifying more snake toxins. C．By enhancing the immune system. D．By designing AI-generated proteins. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about concerning Baker’s new study? A．Its advantages. B．Its strategies. C．Its procedures. D．Its limitations. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The existing approaches are hard to change. B．The conventional treatments are out of date. C．The new methods might enlighten other treatments. D．The new antitoxins will be the core of future methods. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了一项科学家利用AI设计新型蛋白质，成功中和蛇毒的突破性研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Current treatment options, mainly obtained from animal blood, often present drawbacks, including high production costs, limited efficiency, and severe side effects, such as causing shock and breathing difficulties.(目前主要从动物血液中获取的治疗方案往往存在缺点，包括生产成本高、效率有限和严重的副作用，例如引起休克和呼吸困难)”可知，目前蛇咬伤治疗的缺点是会导致严重的健康风险。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“In light of these challenges, Baker and his team have made effective use of deep learning tools to develop artificial proteins capable of attaching to and inactivating toxins. The study focuses on a specific group of snake proteins known as three-finger toxins. These toxins often bypass the immune (免疫的) system, making conventional treatments ineffective. Notably, the newly designed proteins provide significant protection against deadly amounts of three-finger toxins in mice, achieving survival rates ranging from 80% to 100%.(鉴于这些挑战，Baker和他的团队已经有效地利用深度学习工具来开发能够附着和灭活毒素的人工蛋白质。这项研究的重点是一组特殊的蛇蛋白，被称为三指毒素。这些毒素经常绕过免疫系统，使传统的治疗无效。值得注意的是，新设计的蛋白质在小鼠体内对致命数量的三指毒素提供了显著的保护，使存活率从80%到100%不等)”以及第四段“The efficiency and speed at which these proteins can be designed and produced using AI indicate a transformative shift in drug discovery processes, especially in resource-limited settings.(利用人工智能设计和生产这些蛋白质的效率和速度表明，药物发现过程发生了革命性的转变，特别是在资源有限的情况下)”可知，Baker的团队通过设计人工智能生成的蛋白质应对当前的挑战。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“By avoiding the lengthy and resource-intensive processes associated with conventional antibody development, this approach could lead to more accessible and affordable treatments. Also, the new proteins are smaller, allowing for greater penetration (渗透) into body systems to quickly inactivate the toxins and reduce damage. The efficiency and speed at which these proteins can be designed and produced using AI indicate a transformative shift in drug discovery processes, especially in resource-limited settings.(通过避免与传统抗体开发相关的漫长和资源密集型过程，这种方法可能导致更容易获得和负担得起的治疗方法。此外，新的蛋白质更小，允许更大的渗透到身体系统，迅速灭活毒素，减少损害。利用人工智能设计和生产这些蛋白质的效率和速度表明，药物发现过程发生了革命性的转变，特别是在资源有限的情况下)”可知，这一段主要讲述了AI设计的蛋白质技术相较于传统抗蛇毒血清开发的革命性优势。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Meanwhile, scientists believe the new methods employed in this study could be beneficial to tackling other diseases, potentially leading to the emergence of less expensive medicines for various health challenges.(与此同时，科学家们相信，这项研究中采用的新方法可能对治疗其他疾病有益，可能会导致出现更便宜的药物，以应对各种健康挑战)”可知，这些新方法可能会给其他治疗方法带来启发。故选C。 （2025·安徽·三模）Chinese skeleton (钢架雪车) racer Zhao Dan made a significant advance on Saturday by winning China’s first-ever women’s gold medal in the discipline at the World Cup series in Yanqing. Zhao Dan, who previously trained as a triple jump (三级跳远) athlete before switching to skeleton racing, outperformed a strong field of Olympic medalists in the competition. The National Sliding Center in northwest Beijing features one of the world’s most challenging tracks, covering 1.9 kilometers with difficult turns, steep slopes (陡坡), and a unique 360-degree circular section. Few players have managed to master this track since its first appearance at the 2022 Winter Olympics, making Zhao Dan’s achievement even more remarkable. Zhao Dan completed her two runs in a combined time of two minutes and 4.27 seconds, defeating Olympic champion Hannah Neise of Germany by 0.37 seconds. Britain’s Freya Tarbit, who was tied with Zhao Dan after the first run, finished third with a total time of 2:04:68. The victory marked a significant improvement for Zhao Dan, who had finished second in her previous Yanqing Cup race. In the men’s competition, China’s Yin Zheng secured third place with a time of 2:02:02, behind Britain’s Matt Weston and Germany’s Christopher Grotheer, who won gold. The Chinese men’s team showed impressive depth, with three more racers — Lin Qinwei, Zhu Haifeng, and Chen Wenhao — finishing in the top eight positions. The event demonstrated China’s growing strength in skeleton racing, with both the men’s and women’s teams qualifying the maximum number of racers allowed per team. “Now, we have the medals and the strength in numbers. Gradually, I think we will achieve better results one race at a time,” said Zhao Dan, who at 21 years old represents the future of Chinese skeleton racing. The competition attracted 62 athletes from 16countries to compete in this season’s third World Cup event. 5．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．Chinese are born skeleton players. B．China has made history in skeleton. C．Zhao Dan isn’t suitable for triple jump. D．Skeleton is popular in China. 6．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The introduction to playing field. B．The process of contest. C．The achievements of Zhao Dan. D．The uniqueness of 2022 Winter Olympics. 7．What made Zhao Dan’s win impressive? A．Her appearance. B．Tracks of high difficulty. C．The number of medals. D．Her achievements in triple jump. 8．What is Zhao Dan’s attitude towards the coming competition? A．Indifferent. B．Worried. C．Confident. D．Unsure. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国钢架雪车运动员赵丹在延庆世界杯系列赛中赢得女子组金牌，创造了中国在该项目上的历史，同时中国男子组的殷正获得男子组比赛第三名，展示了中国钢架雪车项目的实力不断增强，以及本次比赛的相关情况。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Chinese skeleton racer Zhao Dan made a significant advance on Saturday by winning China’s first-ever women’s gold medal in the discipline at the World Cup series in Yanqing.(中国钢架雪车选手赵丹在周六取得了重大突破，在延庆世界杯系列赛中赢得了中国在该项目上的首枚女子金牌)” 可知，中国在钢架雪车项目上创造了历史。故选B。 6．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The National Sliding Center in northwest Beijing features one of the world’s most challenging tracks, covering 1.9 kilometers with difficult turns, steep slopes (陡坡), and a unique 360-degree circular section.(位于北京西北部的国家雪车雪橇中心拥有世界上最具挑战性的赛道之一，赛道全长 1.9 公里，有难度较大的弯道、陡坡和独特的 360 度环形路段)” 可知，该段主要是对比赛场地国家雪车雪橇中心的介绍。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段“The National Sliding Center in northwest Beijing features one of the world’s most challenging tracks, covering 1.9 kilometers with difficult turns, steep slopes( 陡坡), and a unique 360-degree circular section. Few players have managed to master this track since its first appearance at the 2022 Winter Olympics, making Zhao Dan’s achievement even more remarkable.(位于北京西北部的国家雪车雪橇中心拥有世界上最具挑战性的赛道之一，赛道全长 1.9 公里，有难度较大的弯道、陡坡和独特的 360 度环形路段。自从这条赛道在 2022 年冬奥会首次亮相以来，很少有选手能够驾驭它，这使得赵丹的成就更加引人注目)” 可知，是高难度的赛道使得赵丹的胜利令人印象深刻。故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段 ““Now, we have the medals and the strength in numbers. Gradually, I think we will achieve better results one race at a time,” said Zhao Dan, who at 21 years old represents the future of Chinese skeleton racing.(“现在，我们有了奖牌和数量上的优势。我认为，我们会逐渐地在每一场比赛中取得更好的成绩。”21 岁的赵丹说，她代表着中国钢架雪车运动的未来)” 可推知，赵丹对未来的比赛充满信心。故选C。 （2025·江苏南通·二模）A puzzling primate (灵长类动物) might be the offspring (后代) of two distantly related species. And this monkey business is worrying scientists. Six years ago, tour guide Brenden Miles was traveling down the Kinabatangan River. He was on the Southeast Asian island of Borneo. Suddenly, he spotted an odd-looking primate, so he snapped a few photos. At first, he thought it could be a silvered leaf monkey with rare coloring. But then he noticed other details: The monkey’s tail was thicker than it should be, and its nose was long like that of a proboscis monkey. Scientists have now studied those photos. They suspect that this mystery monkey is a hybrid (杂交物种). Sometimes closely related species hybridize. This happens only occasionally in the wild. But what was especially surprising in this case is that the monkey’s suspected parents a male proboscis monkey and a female silvered leaf monkey — are distant relatives. Scientists are concerned that this might signal that the creature’s parent species are in trouble. “Changes to the parent monkeys’ habitat might explain a hybrid,” said Nadine Ruppert, a primatologist who studied the mystery monkey. Oil palm plantations have been expanding along the Kinabatangan River. As forests turn to farmland, wildlife habitats can be harmed or lost. “In some spots, the suspected parent monkey species have been squeezed into small patches of forest along that river,” Ruppert said. “Monkeys there could have to compete more for mates. In close quarters, the male of the bigger species can dominate. In this case, the proboscis male might easily displace males of the silvered leaf monkey.” The mystery monkey has made people living in the area very excited. “The hybrid is gorgeous, but we don’t want to see more of them,” Ruppert said. “Both proboscis monkeys and silvered leaf monkeys may lack enough food and space to behave as they would naturally.” In Borneo and around the world, human activities and climate change are hurting animal habitats. As natural habitats are lost, mating between different species might increase. 9．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The discovery of a rare species. B．A photographer’s unusual adventure. C．The new features of a strange primate. D．Differences between two monkey species. 10．What can be inferred about the two suspected parent monkey species? A．They have to fight for oil palm fruit. B．They were previously close relatives. C．Proboscis monkeys are smaller in size. D．Shared habitats influence their interaction. 11．What may cause hybridization according to the text? A．Natural disasters. B．Unsustainable farming. C．Extensive deforestation. D．Competitions within the species. 12．How does Nadine Ruppert feel about the appearance of the “mystery monkey”? A．Puzzled. B．Concerned. C．Excited. D．Relieved. 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一只神秘的灵长类动物可能是两个亲缘关系较远的物种——长鼻猴和银叶猴——的后代，这一发现令科学家们感到担忧。 9．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Scientists have now studied those photos. They suspect that this mystery monkey is a hybrid (杂交物种). Sometimes closely related species hybridize. This happens only occasionally in the wild. (科学家们现在研究了这些照片。他们怀疑这只神秘的猴子是杂交的。有时近亲种杂交。这种情况在野外只会偶尔发生。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是稀有物种的发现。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Changes to the parent monkeys’ habitat might explain a hybrid (母猴栖息地的变化可能解释了这只杂交猴)”，“In some spots, the suspected parent monkey species have been squeezed into small patches of forest along that river (在一些地方，被怀疑是母猴的物种已经被挤进了那条河沿岸的小块森林里)”和“Monkeys there could have to compete more for mates. (那里的猴子可能不得不为配偶进行更多的竞争。)”可知，共同的栖息地影响了疑似为亲本的猴子物种的相互作用。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段“As forests turn to farmland, wildlife habitats can be harmed or lost. (随着森林变成农田，野生动物栖息地可能受到损害或丧失。)”和最后一段“In Borneo and around the world, human activities and climate change are hurting animal habitats. As natural habitats are lost, mating between different species might increase. (在婆罗洲和世界各地，人类活动和气候变化正在损害动物栖息地。随着自然栖息地的丧失，不同物种之间的交配可能会增加。)”可知，大量的砍伐森林可能导致杂化，故选C。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The hybrid is gorgeous, but we don’t want to see more of them (这只杂交猴子很漂亮，但我们不希望看到更多这样的猴子)”和“Both proboscis monkeys and silvered leaf monkeys may lack enough food and space to behave as they would naturally. (长鼻猴和银叶猴都可能缺乏足够的食物和空间来自然地生活。)”可知，Nadine Ruppert对“神秘猴子”的出现是担忧的，故选B。 文章大意题3篇 【名师点津】 一、记叙文主旨大意题 1.看首段和尾段，以尾段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 二、说明文和议论文主旨大意题 1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 三、文章大意题错误选项典型错误 一是“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意； 二是“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容； 三是“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 四、文章大意五种题型 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 五、文章大意题思维导图 【精准押题】 （24-25高三下·重庆·阶段练习）Ghanaian photojournalist Paul Ninson was thrilled — and surprised. When he came to New York to study photography five years ago, he found a rich collection of images of life in Africa, past and present, in the city’s libraries, galleries and museums. Here he was thousands of miles from Ghana surrounded by more visual history of Africa than he had ever seen back home. That led to an idea: create a library of photobooks in Ghana, which allows people to learn about their own history and gives them the tools to tell new stories of the continent. This idea has been realized with the creation of the Dikan Center in Accra, Ghana’s capital. Dikan means “take the lead” in the Akan language. To create the center, Ninson travelled around New York City for books to ship to Ghana. He searched secondhand stores on the Lower East Side, engaged in online bidding wars and reached out to publishers and galleries, some of whom donated hundreds of materials. He maxed out his credit cards and lined his apartment walls with books, using Uber and U-Haul trucks to transport the books to storage units he rented across the city. He managed to amass more than 30,000 volumes — mainly about photography filmmaking, but also issues of publications like National Geographic dating back to the early 1940s. Ninson had additional support from his friend and collaborator, Brandon Stanton, who started aGoFundMe that raised over $1. 2 million for the founding of Dikan. In December 2022, the Dikan Center was opened. In a former residence that was renovated(翻新)to house the center, anyone is welcome to sit with the African story as long as they’d like. Michael Itkoff, a supporter of Ninson and the Dikan Center from the start, says photobooks offer a different visual experience in today’s world, which is often focused on the volume and speed of images available online. “The photobook allows for an intimate and more slowed down — and I would say elegant — experience of visuals,” says Itkoff. 1．What is Ninson’s purpose of creating the Dikan Center? A．To bring the African story home. B．To change people’s attitude to Africa. C．To pursue his passion for photography. D．To create a sharing space for book-lovers. 2．What does paragraph 5 mainly focus on? A．Ninson’s good taste in books. B．The assistance Ninson has received. C．Efforts made in creating Dikan Center. D．Wide sources of books in Dikan Center. 3．How would Itkoff describe the experience of reading photobooks? A．An ideal tool for art education. B．An escape from a fast-paced life. C．A dive into the richness of stories. D．A beautiful encounter with visuals. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The realization of a big dream. B．The influence of a social trend. C．The development of photobooks. D．The growth of a genius photographer. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。加纳摄影记者Paul Ninson创立Dikan中心，通过收集摄影书籍促进本土历史教育与非洲新叙事，提供深度视觉体验。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“That led to an idea: create a library of photobooks in Ghana, which allows people to learn about their own history and gives them the tools to tell new stories of the continent.(这让我产生了一个想法：在加纳建立一个图片库，让人们了解自己的历史，并为他们提供讲述非洲大陆新故事的工具)”可知，他想在加纳创建一个图书馆，让加纳人了解本土历史并讲述非洲新故事，故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第五段“To create the center, Ninson travelled around New York City for books to ship to Ghana. He searched secondhand stores on the Lower East Side, engaged in online bidding wars and reached out to publishers and galleries, some of whom donated hundreds of materials. He maxed out his credit cards and lined his apartment walls with books, using Uber and U-Haul trucks to transport the books to storage units he rented across the city.(为了创建这个中心，Ninson走遍了纽约市，将书籍运往加纳。他搜索了下东区的二手店，参与了网上竞价战，并联系了出版商和画廊，其中一些人捐赠了数百件材料。他刷爆了信用卡，在公寓的墙上挂满了书，用优步和U-Haul卡车把书运到他在全城租来的仓库里)”可知，第5段的重点是创建迪坎中心的努力。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The photobook allows for an intimate and more slowed down — and I would say elegant — experience of visuals(摄影书提供了一种亲密的、更慢的——我想说是优雅的——视觉体验)”可知，Itkoff觉得这是与视觉书的一个美好邂逅，故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据第三段“That led to an idea: create a library of photobooks in Ghana, which allows people to learn about their own history and gives them the tools to tell new stories of the continent.(这让我产生了一个想法：在加纳建立一个图片库，让人们了解自己的历史，并为他们提供讲述非洲大陆新故事的工具)”以及倒数第二段“In December 2022, the Dikan Center was opened. (2022年12月，迪坎中心开业)”等内容可知，文章围绕Ninson实现梦想的过程展开，从最初的想法到实际建立Dikan Center的全过程，突出的是他如何将一个大胆的梦想变成现实，故选A。 （2025·河南郑州·模拟预测）As a foreign English teacher at my school in Japan, I have a weekly English music broadcast where I show different English songs. I try to get the students to recommend songs to me for the broadcast. At the broadcast, I usually announce who recommended the song and then play it for everyone to hear during lunch time. I give everyone a chance to share themselves through their music, including one tough student of mine, Jerry. This student constantly got into fights with the other students and brought down the energy of the class. Most of the other students pushed him away. I knew that he just needed a friend, or at least someone he could connect with. I could tell he was warming up to me over the last year. I told him to think of a song he likes that has some English words in it and that I would play it on the broadcast for him. He eventually recommended a song. I really liked the song so I put it on the broadcast and made sure to announce his name, so everyone knew that he contributed and recommended such a great song. Needless to say, the boy was excited, and he’s been much happier and focused in English class ever since. While everyone else misunderstood him and pushed him away, I knew that he just needed someone who acknowledged(认可) him and gave him a chance. There’s still a language barrier between us, but words aren’t needed—you can always sense that you’re with someone. He recently walked by me and gave me the most genuine(纯真的) smile that I’ve ever seen. My colleagues turned to me and said, “I’ve never seen him smile like that before. How did you get through to him?” I said, “Through just one song.” 5．Why did most students push Jerry away? A．He was poor in his studies. B．He refused to connect with his friends. C．He always fought with the others. D．He recommended songs to the broadcast. 6．What do we know about Jerry? A．He actually prefers fighting to studying. B．He is changed by the recommended song. C．He makes no progress in his studies at all. D．He is popular with most teachers and students. 7．How does Jerry feel about the author? A．Grateful. B．Disappointed. C．Unconcerned. D．Doubtful 8．What is the text mainly about? A．A historical event. B．An inspiring story. C．A fairy tale. D．A research report. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了一名在日本任教的外籍英语老师通过让学生推荐歌曲进行英语广播的方式，帮助了一个经常打架、被师生排斥的学生Jerry，让他感受到了被认可和接纳的温暖，从而变得更加快乐和专注于英语学习的故事。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This student constantly got into fights with the other students and brought down the energy of the class. Most of the other students pushed him away.(这个学生经常和其他同学打架，使班级气氛低落。大多数学生不搭理他。)”可知，很多学生不搭理Jerry的原因是他很爱打架，故选C项。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Needless to say, the boy was excited, and he’s been much happier and focused in English class ever since.(不用说，这个男孩很兴奋，从那以后他在英语课上就更快乐、更专注了。)”可知这位学生被推荐的歌曲改变了，故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He recently walked by me and gave me the most genuine(纯真的) smile that I’ve ever seen.(他最近从我身边走过，给了我一个我所见过的最真诚的微笑。)”可知，Jerry对作者是感激的，故选A项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者在日本任教期间，通过让学生推荐歌曲进行英语广播的方式，帮助了一个经常打架、被师生排斥的学生Jerry，让他感受到了被认可和接纳的温暖，从而变得更加快乐和专注于英语学习，这是一个鼓舞人心的故事，故选B项。 （24-25高三下·新疆乌鲁木齐·阶段练习）To fight climate change, scientists have been developing various technologies aimed at reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. One such innovative approach is proposed by Ning Zeng, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Maryland. Zeng suggests a novel carbon-removal strategy that involves digging trenches (沟), filling them with wood from managed forests, and then covering the wood with clay to create an oxygen-poor environment. This process aims to prevent or reduce the decay (腐烂) of the wood, thus minimizing the release of CO2. The concept behind this strategy is straightforward yet effective. By burying unused wood a few meters underground, it can be preserved for thousands of years, effectively sequestering the carbon contained within it. Zeng’s team conducted a pilot study in 2007 on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, where they buried 100 cross sections of loblolly pines at different depths. The results showed that wood decay took several years at the surface but several decades at an 80cm depth. A follow-up project in Montreal in 2013 involved burying 35 tons of unwanted wood in a 4-meter-deep trench. Nine years later, nearly no decay was observed below 1.5 meters, suggesting that 97% of the wood would remain undecayed for over a century. Encouraged by these findings, Zeng founded Carbon Lockdown in 2022. The company is currently burying 5,000 tons of CO2-equivalent (二氧化碳当量) wood from nearby forestry operations on a farm near the Potomac River in southern Maryland. This initiative is registered as a carbon-offset project, and earlier this year, a Swedish investment group called Kinnevik purchased the first 1,000 tons of carbon. Looking ahead, the researchers aim to scale up the operation and hope others will adopt this approach. However, Elaine Pegoraro, a soil and climate scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, expresses concerns about removing wood that could otherwise contribute to soil carbon. She also points out that such wood burial might only reduce a minor portion of human-caused CO2 emissions. Despite these concerns, Zeng emphasizes that their current focus is on using unmarketable waste wood. 9．Why does Ning Zeng propose burying waste wood underground? A．To produce more high-quality soil. B．To transform CO2 into a solid form. C．To provide nutrients for forest plants. D．To cut the emission of carbon dioxide. 10．What does the underlined word “sequestering” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Trapping. B．Transporting. C．Changing. D．Missing. 11．What is Elaine Pegoraro’s attitude towards Zeng’s approach? A．Supportive. B．Carefree. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 12．What is the text mainly about? A．The future of managed forests. B．An innovative way to reduce carbon. C．A breakthrough in using soil carbon. D．Ways to prevent waste wood decaying. 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家Ning Zeng提出的一种创新的固碳策略，即将废弃木材埋入地下以减少二氧化碳排放，还提到了相关研究及存在的争议。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“To fight climate change, scientists have been developing various technologies aimed at reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. One such innovative approach is proposed by Ning Zeng, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Maryland. Zeng suggests a novel carbon-removal strategy that involves digging trenches (沟), filling them with wood from managed forests, and then covering the wood with clay to create an oxygen-poor environment.(为了应对气候变化，科学家们一直在开发各种旨在降低大气二氧化碳水平的技术。马里兰大学大气科学家Ning Zeng提出了一种创新方法。Zeng提出了一种新的碳去除策略，包括挖沟，用管理森林的木材填满它们，然后用粘土覆盖木材，以创造一个缺氧的环境)”可知，Ning Zeng提出将废木材埋在地下是为了减少二氧化碳的排放。故选D项。 10．词句猜测题。结合划线词所在句“By burying unused wood a few meters underground, it can be preserved for thousands of years, effectively sequestering the carbon contained within it. (通过将未使用的木材埋在地下几米处，它可以保存数千年，有效地sequestering其中所含的碳)”和前文提到该策略是为了减少二氧化碳排放可推知，将木材埋在地下能把碳封存起来，把它保留在地下，所以划线词sequestering意思接近A项“Trapping”，意为“困住、留住”。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, Elaine Pegoraro, a soil and climate scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, expresses concerns about removing wood that could otherwise contribute to soil carbon. She also points out that such wood burial might only reduce a minor portion of human caused CO2 emissions. (然而，劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室的土壤和气候科学家伊莱恩·佩戈拉罗对移除原本可以增加土壤碳含量的木材表示担忧。她还指出，这种埋木方式可能只能减少一小部分人为造成的二氧化碳排放)”可知，伊莱恩·佩戈拉罗认为这种做法只能减少一小部分人为造成的二氧化碳排放，所以他对Zeng的方法持怀疑态度。故选C项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“To fight climate change, scientists have been developing various technologies aimed at reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. One such innovative approach is proposed by Ning Zeng... (为了应对气候变化，科学家们一直在开发各种旨在降低大气中二氧化碳水平的技术。马里兰大学的大气科学家Ning Zeng提出了这样一种创新方法……)”可知，本文主要介绍了马里兰大学的大气科学家Ning Zeng提出的一种减少碳排放的创新方法。故选B项。 态度推断题3篇 【名师点津】 态度观点态度类试题的解题方法： 第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意； 第二：加入自己的态度。要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度； 第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。 乐观支持类词汇：optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的 客观中立类词汇：objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的 消极反对类词汇：negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的 【精准押题】 （2025·广东·三模）Global warming has led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as heat waves, heavy rainfall and droughts, impacting human health and ecosystems. To determine how much global warming has contributed to heat waves in the U.S. and elsewhere in recent years and to design effective solutions, AI was utilized by researchers at Stanford University and Colorado State University. In their method, which was detailed in an Aug. 21 study in Science Advances, researchers trained AI models by using data from a large database of climate model simulations (气候模型模拟) extending from 1850 to 2100 to predict daily maximum temperatures based on real-world regional weather and global mean temperature. They then estimated how much hotter heat waves would be if the exact same weather conditions that had caused past heat waves occurred under higher levels of global warming. They first tested their AI method on the 2023 Texas heat wave, which led to a record number of heat-related deaths that year, finding that global warming increased the heat wave’s temperature by 1.18 to 1.42℃ compared to a non-climate change scenario. The AI also accurately predicted the intensity of record-setting heat waves in other regions. The team warned that if global temperatures rose by 2.0℃ above pre-industrial levels, some of the worst heat waves over the past 45 years could happen multiple times per decade. Global temperature is currently approaching 1.3℃ above pre-industrial levels. “While AI hasn’t solved all the scientific challenges, it bridges the gap between the actual meteorological (气象的) conditions and climate models, enabling us to conduct more generalized virtual experiments on the Earth system and providing valuable insights for climate scientists and policymakers alike,” said the study’s lead author Noah Diffenbaugh, a professor at Stanford University. To gain deeper insights into how human emissions affect extreme weather and to better prepare for the future, the team intends to apply this method to other extreme weather events and enhance AI networks for higher forecasting accuracy, including quantifying uncertainties in AI predictions. 1．How did the researchers train the AI models? A．By predicting daily maximum temperatures. B．By creating their own data exclusively. C．By analyzing satellite temperature images. D．By employing data from a previous database. 2．What can we know from paragraph 3? A．Global temperature has risen by 1.3℃ so far. B．Global warming has caused hotter heat waves. C．This AI method enjoyed the highest accuracy. D．The Texas heat wave was the only event tested by the AI. 3．What is Noah Diffenbaugh’s attitude toward the AI approach used in this study? A．Dismissive. B．Doubtful. C．Indifferent. D．Favorable. 4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text? A．To discuss AI’s role in predicting weather extremes. B．To discuss the effects of global warming. C．To report new extreme weather findings in the U.S.A． D．To show AI’s use in linking heat waves to global warming. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来全球变暖致使极端天气频发，严重影响人类健康与生态系统，因此研究人员利用AI以探究全球变暖对美国及其他地区热浪的影响程度，为极端天气归因及政策应对开辟新路径。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In their method, which was detailed in an Aug. 21 study in Science Advances, researchers trained AI models by using data from a large database of climate model simulations (气候模型模拟) extending from 1850 to 2100 to predict daily maximum temperatures based on real-world regional weather and global mean temperature. (在8月21日发表于《科学进展》的一项研究中，研究人员详细阐述了他们的方法。他们使用了一个大型气候模型模拟数据库中的数据（数据时间跨度从1850年到2100年），根据现实世界的区域天气情况和全球平均气温来预测每日最高气温，从而训练人工智能模型。)”可知，研究人员通过使用从1850年到2100年的大型气候模型模拟数据库中的数据来训练AI模型，即研究人员是通过使用之前数据库中的数据来训练人工智能模型的。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“They first tested their AI method on the 2023 Texas heat wave, which led to a record number of heat-related deaths that year, finding that global warming increased the heat wave’s temperature by 1.18 to 1.42℃ compared to a non-climate change scenario. (研究人员首先用2023年德克萨斯州热浪测试了他们的人工智能方法，那年热浪导致创纪录数量的与热相关死亡事件。他们发现，与没有气候变化的情况相比，全球变暖使热浪的温度升高了1.18℃至1.42℃。)”可知，全球变暖导致了更炎热的热浪。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“While AI hasn’t solved all the scientific challenges, it bridges the gap between the actual meteorological (气象的) conditions and climate models, enabling us to conduct more generalized virtual experiments on the Earth system and providing valuable insights for climate scientists and policymakers alike,” said the study’s lead author Noah Diffenbaugh, a professor at Stanford University. (该研究的第一作者、斯坦福大学教授Noah Diffenbaugh表示：“虽然人工智能尚未解决所有的科学挑战，但它弥合了实际气象条件与气候模型之间的差距，使我们能够对地球系统进行更广泛的虚拟实验，并为气候科学家和政策制定者都提供了宝贵的见解。”)”可知，Noah Diffenbaugh对这项研究中使用的AI方法是支持的。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，以及第一段“To determine how much global warming has contributed to heat waves in the U. S. and elsewhere in recent years and to design effective solutions, AI was utilized by researchers at Stanford University and Colorado State University. (为了确定近年来全球变暖对美国及其他地区的热浪产生了多大的影响，并设计出有效的解决方案，斯坦福大学和科罗拉多州立大学的研究人员利用了人工智能。)”可知，文章主要讲述了斯坦福大学和科罗拉多州立大学的研究人员利用人工智能（AI）来确定全球变暖近年来对美国和其他地区热浪的贡献程度，并设计有效的解决方案。文章详细介绍了他们的研究方法、结果以及对未来的计划。因此，作者的写作目的是展示AI在将热浪与全球变暖联系起来方面的应用。故选D项。 （2025·宁夏银川·二模）Chinese architect and educator Liu Jiakun has been announced as the laureate of the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize, the highest honor in the architecture field, for his ability to blend traditional Chinese elements with contemporary design and for his commitment to social equity in the built environment. Escaping stylistic restrictions, Liu Jiakun’s work relies on adaptive strategies to harmonize collective and individual spaces, encouraging empathy and an emotional connection to both arcBhitecture and community. Through his architecture, leisure and openness find space within dense urban environments, inviting diverse users to be involved in the spectacle of everyday life. “I always aspire to be like water — to permeate (渗透) through a place without carrying a fixed form of my own and to seep into the local environment and the site itself. Over time, the water gradually solidifies, transforming into architecture, and perhaps even into the highest form of human spiritual creation. Yet, it still retains all the qualities of that place, both good and bad.” said Liu. To better reflect the processes that led to the creation of architecture and the passing of time, he avoids polished surfaces and refined finishes, instead embracing the textures and imperfections that develop over time, giving his buildings a unique color that speaks to their history and context. This commitment is in his use of locally sourced and often recycled materials — for example, the rubbles (碎石) from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake transformed into resilient bricks used in projects such as the Novartis Building and the Xicun Compound. This approach, reflecting his “building for the community, building by the community” ethos, extends even to smaller-scale projects, such as the Hu Huishan Memorial, where the raw texture of the cement relief carries both symbolic and physical weight. Liu Jiakun’s work redefines architecture as a medium for storytelling and social empowerment. By harmonizing local contexts with universal human needs, he creates spaces that are both functional and deeply symbolic, proving that architecture can uplift communities while honoring their past. 5．Why was Liu Jiakun awarded the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize? A．Because of his remarkable skills in architecture. B．Because of his design philosophy in architectural practice. C．Because of his use of imported materials in urban projects. D．Because of his rejection of community involvement in architecture. 6．What does Liu Jiakun mean by aspiring “to be like water”? A．Be free just like water. B．Use water as a primary material. C．Prioritize the design in the form of water. D．Acommodate to local contexts unrestrictedly. 7．Why did Liu Jiakun use the rubbles from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake? A．To preserve history. B．To decline contemporary elements. C．To use high-tech construction methods. D．To contribute to community collaboration. 8．What is the author’s attitude towards Liu Jiakun’s architectural philosophy? A．Disapproving. B．Ambiguious. C．Optimistic. D．Objective. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑师和教育家刘家琨荣获2025年普利兹克建筑奖这一消息，并详细介绍了他的建筑理念、作品特点以及他对建筑领域的贡献。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Chinese architect and educator Liu Jiakun has been announced as the laureate of the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize, the highest honor in the architecture field, for his ability to blend traditional Chinese elements with contemporary design and for his commitment to social equity in the built environment.(中国建筑师兼教育家刘家琨被宣布获得2025年普利兹克建筑奖，这是建筑领域的最高荣誉，获奖原因是他能够将中国传统元素与当代设计相融合，并且致力于在建筑环境中实现社会公平。)”可知，刘家琨获得2025年普利兹克建筑奖是因为他能够将中国传统元素与当代设计相融合，以及他致力于在建筑环境中实现社会公平，这些都体现了他在建筑实践中的设计理念。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““I always aspire to be like water — to permeate (渗透) through a place without carrying a fixed form of my own and to seep into the local environment and the site itself. Over time, the water gradually solidifies, transforming into architecture, and perhaps even into the highest form of human spiritual creation. Yet, it still retains all the qualities of that place, both good and bad.” said Liu.(刘家琨说：“我一直渴望能像水一样——不带有自身固定的形态，渗透进一个地方，融入当地的环境和场地本身。随着时间的推移，水逐渐凝固，转变为建筑，甚至可能成为人类精神创造的最高形式。然而，它仍然保留着那个地方的所有特质，无论好坏。”)”可知，刘家琨说自己渴望像水一样，不带自身固定的形态渗透进一个地方，融入当地的环境和场地本身，最终转变为建筑，但仍保留那个地方的所有特质。这意味着他希望建筑能够不受限制地适应当地的环境和情境。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“To better reflect the processes that led to the creation of architecture and the passing of time, he avoids polished surfaces and refined finishes, instead embracing the textures and imperfections that develop over time, giving his buildings a unique color that speaks to their history and context. This commitment is in his use of locally sourced and often recycled materials — for example, the rubbles (碎石) from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake transformed into resilient bricks used in projects such as the Novartis Building and the Xicun Compound.(为了更好地体现建筑创作的过程以及时间的流逝，他摒弃了光滑的表面和精致的装饰，反而接纳随着时间推移而形成的纹理和不完美之处，赋予他的建筑一种独特的色彩，诉说着它们的历史和背景。这种理念体现在他对当地采购且通常是回收材料的使用上——例如，2008年汶川地震的碎石被改造成坚固的砖块，用于诺华大厦和西村大院等项目中。)”可知，刘家琨为了更好地体现建筑创作的过程以及时间的流逝，避免光滑的表面和精致的装饰，采用随着时间推移而形成的纹理和不完美之处，赋予建筑能诉说其历史和背景的独特色彩，而使用2008年汶川地震的碎石改造成砖块用于建筑项目，正是这种理念的体现，即通过这种方式来保留和反映历史。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Liu Jiakun’s work redefines architecture as a medium for storytelling and social empowerment. By harmonizing local contexts with universal human needs, he creates spaces that are both functional and deeply symbolic, proving that architecture can uplift communities while honoring their past.(刘家琨的作品重新定义了建筑，将其视为一种讲述故事和赋予社会力量的媒介。通过将当地环境与人类的普遍需求相协调，他创造出了既实用又具有深刻象征意义的空间，证明了建筑在尊重社区过去的同时，也能够提升社区的发展。)”以及全文内容可知，文章作者使用的词汇和语句都传达出对刘家琨建筑理念的积极评价，也就是说作者对刘家琨的建筑理念持乐观的态度。故选C。 （24-25高三下·山东菏泽·阶段练习）Human echolocation (回声定位) has at times allowed people to ride bikes or play basketball despite being completely blind from a very young age. These echolocators typically perceive their environment by clicking sharply with their tongues and listening to differences in the sounds reflected off objects. Brain-imaging studies reveal that expert echolocators display responses to sound in their brain’s primary visual region, and researchers have thought that not getting enough visual input for a long time might cause the brain’s visual areas to be used for other purposes. “There’s been this strong tradition to think of the blind brain as different, that it’s necessary to have gone through that sensory loss to exhibit this brain’s ability to adapt and reorganize,” says Lore Thaler, a scientist at Durham University in England. Thaler co-led a 2021 study showing that both blind and sighted people could learn echolocation with just 10 weeks of training. For more recent work in the journal Cerebral Cortex, she and her colleagues examined the brain changes underlying these abilities. After training, both blind and sighted people displayed responses to echoes in their visual cortex (大脑皮层), a finding that challenges the belief that primary sensory regions are wholly sense-specific. The researchers trained 14 sighted and 12 blind people for between two and three hours twice a week over 10 weeks. They started by teaching participants to produce mouth clicks, then trained them on three tasks. The first two involved judging the size or direction of objects. The third involved going through virtual mazes (迷宫), which participants moved around using sounds that were made to match where they were. Both groups improved on all the tasks. “This study adds a significant contribution to a growing body of evidence that this is a trainable skill that’s available to both blind and sighted people,” says Santani Teng, a psychologist at the Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute in San Francisco, who studies echolocation. Most surprisingly, after training, both blind and sighted participants also showed visual cortex activation in response to echoes. Thaler suspects that rather than just processing visual data, this brain area takes in information from varied senses that aid space understanding. 9．What does the brain imaging study suggest about expert echolocators? A．Their visual cortex is fully developed. B．Their brain’s visual areas might be used for other purposes. C．They have a unique way of processing visual information. D．They have lost the ability to process sound information. 10．What did Lore Thaler and her colleagues find in their 2021 study? A．Blind people could learn echolocation better than sighted people. B．Sighted people showed no visual cortex activation to echoes. C．Almost anyone can learn echolocation in just ten weeks of training. D．Echolocation is an impossible skill to learn. 11．What was previous misunderstanding about primary sensory regions? A．They can’t be trained. B．They are useful for blind people. C．They are unrelated to echolocation. D．They are only linked to one sense. 12．What is Santani Teng’s attitude towards the trainability of echolocation? A．Skeptical. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．D 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，通过训练，盲人和视力正常的人都能学会回声定位，且训练后两者的大脑视觉皮层都会对回声产生反应。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Brain-imaging studies reveal that expert echolocators display responses to sound in their brain’s primary visual region, and researchers have thought that not getting enough visual input for a long time might cause the brain’s visual areas to be used for other purposes.(脑成像研究表明，专业的回声定位器在其大脑的主要视觉区域显示对声音的反应，研究人员认为，长时间没有获得足够的视觉输入可能会导致大脑的视觉区域被用于其他目的)”可知，关于专业回声定位器，脑成像研究表明了他们大脑的视觉区可能被用于其他目的。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thaler co-led a 2021 study showing that both blind and sighted people could learn echolocation with just 10 weeks of training.(塞勒与人共同领导了2021年的一项研究，该研究表明，盲人和视力正常的人都可以通过10周的训练学习回声定位)”可知，洛尔·塞勒和她的同事在2021年的研究中发现几乎任何人都能在短短十周的训练中学会回声定位。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段“After training, both blind and sighted people displayed responses to echoes in their visual cortex (大脑皮层), a finding that challenges the belief that primary sensory regions are wholly sense-specific.(经过训练，盲人和视力正常的人都对视觉皮层的回声做出了反应，这一发现挑战了主要感觉区域完全是感官特异性的观点)”可知，以前对主要感觉区域的误解是认为它们只与一种感觉有关。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““This study adds a significant contribution to a growing body of evidence that this is a trainable skill that’s available to both blind and sighted people,” says Santani Teng, a psychologist at the Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute in San Francisco, who studies echolocation.(旧金山Smith-Kettlewell眼科研究所研究回声定位的心理学家Santani Teng说：“越来越多的证据表明，这是一种可训练的技能，盲人和视力正常的人都可以使用，这项研究为这一证据提供了重要的贡献。”)”可知，他对回声定位的可训练性持积极态度。故选B。 写作手法题3篇 【名师点津】 高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。 一、根据文章题材来判断。 ①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。 ②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。 ③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。 二、根据“原文定位”来判断。 先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。 ①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:for example, for instance ②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词：as a result/consequence ③by giving definitions通过下定义。标志词：that is to say ④by listing data/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字 ⑤by describing a process 通过描述过程。标志词：first, second, third, finally ⑥by following time order 遵循时间顺序。标志词：in 1920，in the 1940s, nowadays ⑦by making comparisons/contrast 通过对比。标志词：but, while, ⑧by making classifications 通过分类。标志词：first, next, then ⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词：That is because…. ⑩by following space order 遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内 【精准押题】 （24-25高三上·重庆·阶段练习）In 1990, Gibson and Bruce Sterling’s The Difference Engine imagined an alternative history where computers were built a century earlier with gears (齿轮), helping popularize steampunk, a style of blending old and new technologies. How breathtaking when technology could be constructed from the past’s parts! But what if the world truly worked this way? Is digital perfection too much trustworthy? It might be better to see it not as a glimpse into the future, but as a legacy from the past, with all the problems handed down. In January 2023, the grounding of U.S. planes caused delays and losses when the outdated NOTAM system from 1920 failed. In a steampunk-inspired Doctor Who episode, heroes discover the engine of a spaceship is futuristic by appearance but a tortured, whale-like creature, driven like a horse under the whip. Those who grow curious face social pressure, punishment, and distractions to be kept ignorant. Steampunk tales revisit Victorian power structures of the authorities, where bosses promise a bright future while hiding the suffering that fuels it. These elements provoke reflection on today’s world: Who truly labors behind the scenes? Are they living the bright future promised to others? Steampunk machines, both extraordinary and romantic, often stir up sadness as their parts wear out, demanding constant attention to function. In Pushing Ice, researchers land on an alien spaceship, only to be trapped as it accelerates into deep space. With no choice, they construct a chain of gears to control its energy, inspecting every gear daily; even a single malfunction could lead to death. Ultimately, it is humans—weak, imperfect, tending to aging machines—that sustain us. This steampunk-like view of technology, blending old and new, is particularly relevant today, when modern technologies often distract us from their inner workings. Just as we receive instant Amazon orders, we may soon depend on AI, focusing on results without questioning the process. The risks of this relationship to technology are self-evident. Yet it’s not so hard to adjust, imagining a forest of gears turning, wondering if they fit. It’s all less perfect than it seems. 1．What does the NOTAM system illustrate? A．A proof of trustworthy digital perfection. B．A perfect mix of old and new technologies. C．A necessity of a breathtaking glimpse into future. D．A display of a future-like yet problematic heritage. 2．What is typical of steampunk stories? A．They draw on Victorian society. B．They are starred by the cruel bosses. C．They are fueled by a promising future. D．They think highly of behind-the-scene labors. 3．How is the passage mainly developed? A．By presenting facts. B．By analyzing reasons. C．By listing examples. D．By following time order. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Perfect Machine: A Victory Fantasy B．Imperfect Progress: A Steampunk Insight C．Unfailing or not? Machines of Tomorrow D．Perfect or not? The Steampunk Revolution 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蒸汽朋克，一种融合新旧技术的风格，它既有重要性也有不完美性。 37．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It might be better to see it not as a glimpse into the future, but as a legacy from the past, with all the problems handed down.(最好不要把它看作是对未来的一瞥，而是把它看作是过去遗留下来的问题。)”可知，NOTAM系统展示了一个类似未来但存在问题的遗产。故选D项。 38．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Steampunk tales revisit Victorian power structures of the authorities, where bosses promise a bright future while hiding the suffering that fuels it.(蒸汽朋克的故事重温了维多利亚时代的权力结构，在那里，老板们承诺一个光明的未来，同时隐藏着推动未来的痛苦。)”可知，典型的蒸汽朋克故事是他们借鉴了维多利亚时代的社会。故选A项。 39．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In January 2023, the grounding of U.S. planes caused delays and losses when the outdated NOTAM system from 1920 failed.(2023年1月，由于1920年过时的NOTAM系统出现故障，美国飞机停飞，造成延误和损失。)”和第三段“In a steampunk-inspired Doctor Who episode, heroes discover the engine of a spaceship is futuristic by appearance but a tortured, whale-like creature, driven like a horse under the whip.(在这部蒸汽朋克风格的《神秘博士》中，英雄们发现一艘宇宙飞船的引擎从外观上看是未来派的，但实际上是一个像鲸鱼一样的生物，像鞭子下的马一样被驱赶着。)”和第四段“In Pushing Ice, researchers land on an alien spaceship, only to be trapped as it accelerates into deep space.(在《推冰》中，研究人员登上了一艘外星飞船，却在飞船加速进入深空时被困住了。)”可知，这篇文章主要通过列举例子来展开的。故选C项。 40．主旨大意题。分析全文内容再根据文章最后一段“This steampunk-like view of technology, blending old and new, is particularly relevant today, when modern technologies often distract us from their inner workings.(这种蒸汽朋克式的科技观融合了旧与新，在现代科技经常分散我们对其内部工作原理的注意力的今天尤为重要。)”和“Yet it’s not so hard to adjust, imagining a forest of gears turning, wondering if they fit. It’s all less perfect than it seems.(然而，调整起来并不难，想象一个齿轮森林在转动，想知道它们是否合适。一切都没有看起来那么完美。)”可知，文章主要介绍了蒸汽朋克，一种融合新旧技，它既有重要性也有不完美性，所以C选项“不完美的进步：蒸汽朋克的见解”适合用作文章标题。故选B项。 （2024·湖北·一模）“The water will turn to steam, which will power cars.” “Yeah, that’s a really cool idea.” This conversation is part of a lesson about technologies that reduce planet-heating pollution. It was lectured, in a brand-new way, by Kirstin Milks, a science teacher at Bloomington High School. Climate change is the story of today’s young people’s lives. But Milks says, “Our students need to know not just the stuff we hear about in the news, but also the actual difference we can make in our shared future.” So, she teaches in such an innovative way. Creativity is at the core of her lesson. After students learn the basics of climate engineering, which covers a range of strategies, including reflecting sunlight back into space and removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, they’re asked to “come up with interesting wild ideas” to slow global warming. In the first round of brainstorming, students imagined lots of ways to reflect light back into the atmosphere, like covering the desert in shiny glitter (发光物). Next, students are asked to consider the potential limitations and risks to their ideas. Take glitter in the desert, for example: “How are we going to make sure that the glitter doesn’t get eaten by the rock pocket mouse or snakes?” Milks asks. The student suggests making the glitter large and smooth enough so it won’t be eaten by animals or otherwise harm them. For their final assignment, students present their concepts, including their anticipated benefits and risks. Ben Kravitz, an assistant professor at Indiana University, who carefully watch the whole lesson, says, “The neat thing about seeing all of these ideas come out of the classroom is it’s not I can’t do it. It’s we can do it. Humans, when they get together, can do amazing things. And that’s what gives me hope.” 5．Why does Kirstin Milks lecture in an innovative way? A．She’s bettering ways to power cars. B．She’s inspiring students to address real problems. C．She’s making science classes more accessible. D．She’s helping students stay informed of climate change. 6．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Procedures of a lesson. B．The core value of creativity. C．Ideas of different students. D．The key concept of solutions. 7．How is the last paragraph mainly developed? A．By defining a concept. B．By quoting an expert. C．By making a comparison. D．By providing an example. 8．Which best describes Milks’ way of teaching? A．It ignores practical application. B．It focuses on theoretical knowledge. C．It encourages creative problem-solving. D．It highlights the risks of climate change. 【答案】41．B 42．A 43．B 44．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一位高中科学老师设计的一节课，这节课让学生们有创造性地自己想各种解决气候变暖的办法，这样的课程不仅让学生受益匪浅，也受到了大学教授的高度评价。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第四段Milks的话语“Our students need to know not just the stuff we hear about in the news, but also the actual difference we can make in our shared future.(我们的学生不仅需要知道我们在新闻中听到的东西，还需要知道我们能为我们共同的未来所做的实际改变)”可知，学生们需要了解的不仅是新闻中的知识，更是在我们共享的未来能真正做出影响的事情。由此推知，Milks希望学生们能够解决真正问题。故选B。 6．主旨大意题。根据第五段首句“Creativity is at the core of her lesson.(创造力是她课程的核心)”及后文可知，本段介绍了学生在这个课堂的整个学习过程。首先是学生学习气候工程的相关基础知识，然后由学生头脑风暴各种缓解全球变暖问题的方法。第一轮中学生提出观点，然后老师提出这些观点具有哪些局限性和危险，学生再完善观点，最后学生们整理他们的观点。由此可知，第五段主要介绍了Milks老师上课的步骤。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ben Kravitz, an assistant professor at Indiana University, who carefully watch the whole lesson, says, “The neat thing about seeing all of these ideas come out of the classroom is it’s not I can’t do it. It’s we can do it. Humans, when they get together, can do amazing things. And that’s what gives me hope.”(印第安纳大学助理教授本·克拉维茨仔细观看了整节课，他说：“看到所有这些想法从课堂上涌现出来，令人兴奋的是，并不是说我做不到。我们可以做到。当人类聚集在一起时，可以做出惊人的事情。这给了我希望。”)”可推知，最后一段是通过引用一位专家的话展开的。故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据第五段“Creativity is at the core of her lesson. After students learn the basics of climate engineering, they’re asked to come up with interesting wild ideas to slow global warming. (创造力是她课程的核心。在学生们学习了气候工程的基础知识之后，他们被要求提出一些有趣的疯狂的想法来减缓全球变暖)”及后文可知，Milks课堂的核心是创造性，学生们首先被要求提出自己的想法，并想出解决问题的办法，然后学生们需要考虑想法背后的局限性和危险，最后学生们需要展示他们的概念，包括自己预设的好的方面和不好的方面。由此推知，Milks在教学中是注重创造性解决问题的。故选C。 （2025·河南·二模）I give a lot of advice to my graduate students, most of whom are on the job market. I find that some young people are extremely anxious about the question, “How do I make a good impression in an interview?” People make judgments based on information they process in a second, below the level of consciousness. That does not mean, however, that anyone is sure to fail by a naturally serious behavior, a shy character, or plain old nervousness. On the contrary, a little understanding of the science of first impressions can help anyone improve the ways they affect the brains of people they meet, and better understand others as well. Close behind in speed, at 100 milliseconds, comes a consistent estimation of trustworthiness. Once again, this makes sense: you might not kill me outright, but I should still figure out if you’re trying to take advantage of me before I interact with you. (This rapid processing also involves, for example, how your brain decides whether to make direct eye contact with that person staring at you on the subway.) Improving our accuracy of impression of others’ competence takes us longer because we need more time to be confident in our judgments; quite commonly, our rapid initial judgments may be inconsistent with what we later decide. You might be thinking that judgments made this quickly are open to a lot of errors. The potential cost of incorrectly seeing someone as a threat is low, but the price of mistaking them as not a threat could be enormous. So, it’s no surprise that first impressions tend to be inaccurate. Researchers in 2010 asked participants in an experiment to view photos of strangers, and based on initial impressions, to judge aspects of their personality. The researchers found that their subjects claimed confidence in their judgments 70 to 80 percent of the time, but their actual accuracy was either modest or statistically nonexistent. People may arrive at incorrect judgments about you for many different reasons. For example, if you’re nervous when first meeting, your facial expression and behavior might not fairly represent your true character, purpose, and competence. 9．It can be inferred that the initial estimation of trustworthiness is ______ . A．usually from active interaction B．faster than other information C．after judgements about competence D．almost as fast as other judgements 10．Why are first impressions often inaccurate? A．People rely too much on statistical data. B．Emotion plays a vital role in impression. C．People lack patience to make judgments. D．The time to make judgements is too short. 11．How is the text mainly developed? A．By analyzing causes and effects. B．By giving opinions and evidence. C．By comparing different examples. D．By offering acceptable solutions. 12．What might the author continue talking about? A．How to make you trustworthy. B．How to leave a good impression. C．How to control facial expressions. D．How to remove an observer’s alarm. 【答案】9．D 10．D 11．B 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了第一印象的形成过程及其准确性。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段“Close behind in speed, at 100 milliseconds, comes a consistent estimation of trustworthiness.(紧随其后的是对可信度的一致估计，仅需100毫秒）以及根据 “quite commonly, our rapid initial judgments may be inconsistent with what we later decide.(很常见的是，我们最初的快速判断可能与我们后来的决定不一致)”可知，对可信度的初步估计几乎与其他判断一样快。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段“You might be thinking that judgments made this quickly are open to a lot of errors. The potential cost of incorrectly seeing someone as a threat is low, but the price of mistaking them as not a threat could be enormous.(你可能会想，这么快做出的判断很容易出现很多错误。错误地将某人视为威胁的潜在成本很低，但错误地将其视为威胁的代价可能是巨大的)”可知，第一印象不准确的原因是判断时间太短。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。根据第二段 “On the contrary, a little understanding of the science of first impressions can help anyone improve the ways they affect the brains of people they meet, and better understand others as well.(相反，对第一印象的科学有一点了解可以帮助任何人改善他们影响他们遇到的人的大脑的方式，也可以更好地了解别人)”，以及随后通过研究和实验数据支持这一观点。可知，短文是通过提供观点和证据展开的。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“People may arrive at incorrect judgments about you for many different reasons. For example, if you' re nervous when first meeting, your facial expression and behavior might not fairly represent your true character, purpose, and competence.(人们可能会因为许多不同的原因对你做出错误的判断。例如，如果你在初次见面时紧张，你的面部表情和行为可能无法公平地代表你的真实性格、目的和能力)”可知，作者接下来可能会讨论如何给人留下好印象。故选B。 写作意图题3篇 【名师点津】 每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出 来，而是隐含在文章 之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内 容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。 1. 主旨推断法。 写作意图与文章主旨密切相关，因此，解答这类题跟解答主旨大意题和选择文章标题一样，用略读法，即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，其主题句多在文首。 2. 文体推断法。 ①应用文广告的目的是吸引更多顾客、游客、读者、订户、观众等订阅或前往（to attract readers）。 ②记叙文的目的是分享有趣的经历、告诉一个有趣的故事（to entertain readers）、或给读者某种启示。 ③说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识（to inform readers），提出建议、劝告或呼吁有关部门给予重视。 ④议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点（to persuade readers），倡导某种做法等。 【精准押题】 （2025·河北秦皇岛·模拟预测）For seafood lovers, oysters (牡蛎) are a tasty treat. But for 15-year-old Demi Johnson from Gulfport, Mississippi, oysters are environmental superheroes. “They’re incredibly important,” Demi says. A single oyster can filter up to 50 gallons of seawater daily, removing pollution and harmful organisms. Groups of oysters form reefs (礁) that protect coastlines from erosion (侵蚀) and provide liomes for fish and other oceanic life. Demi learned this through oyster gardening — a conservation method where oysters are raised in underwater cages. She started oyster gardening in 2022 as a seventh-grade Girl Guides project, admitting, “I knew nothing at first.” Now, after completing a free course by the Mississippi Oyster Gardening Program (MOGP), she’s a certified master oyster gardener. Today, she’s something of an expert. “You don’t need to do much, but the environmental impact is huge,” she explains. In Mississippi’s coastal waters, oysters’ numbers have seen a big drop due to human-made and natural disasters, such as pollution, overharvesting and storms. Oyster gardening is a way to help restore the oyster population. During oyster gardening season, once a week, Demi and her mom go to Schooner Pier, on Biloxi Bay. Demi has nine cages there. She lifts each cage, shakes off mud and seaweeds, and checks the oysters’ growth. “I wash them and make sure they’re healthy,” she says. This spring, Demi’s oysters — along with those from other local gardeners — will be moved to reefs in the Mississippi Sound. MOGP research assistant Emily McCay praises Demi’s devotion: “She’s gone above and beyond. In spare time, she helps with training new volunteers and even repairs equipment.” So far, Demi has raised over 1,500 oysters and inspired many others to join the program. Last year, Demi won a National Geographic Young Heroes Award for her conservation work. She donated her $1,000 prize to MOGP. “Her donation helped us buy new cages and baby oysters,” says MOGP leader P. J. Waters, who calls Demi “a fantastic ambassador for coastal protection.” 1．What led Demi into oyster gardening? A．MOGP’s free course. B．Her mom’s example. C．A students’ program. D．A school assignment. 2．What can be inferred about the oysters in Mississippi’s waters? A．They grow faster recently. B．They face no threats now. C．They’ve finished MOGP. D．They used to be plentiful. 3．Why does Demi go to Schooner Pier every week A．To care for her oysters. B．To collect baby oysters. C．To train new volunteers. D．To study water pollution. 4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To advocate oyster gardening. B．To criticize coastal pollution. C．To explain oyster life cycles. D．To highlight the youth’s impact. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了 15 岁的黛米・约翰逊通过牡蛎养殖项目，为保护海洋环境做出贡献，并获得国家地理青年英雄奖的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“She started oyster gardening in 2022 as a seventh-grade Girl Guides project (她在 2022 年作为七年级女童子军项目开始了牡蛎养殖)”可知，是一个学生项目让黛米开始了牡蛎养殖。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“In Mississippi’s coastal waters, oysters’ numbers have seen a big drop due to human-made and natural disasters, such as pollution, overharvesting and storms.(在密西西比州的沿海水域，由于污染、过度捕捞和风暴等人为和自然灾害，牡蛎的数量大幅下降)”可推知，密西西比州水域的牡蛎过去数量很多，只是后来因为各种灾害数量才下降了。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段 “During oyster gardening season, once a week, Demi and her mom go to Schooner Pier, on Biloxi Bay. Demi has nine cages there. She lifts each cage, shakes off mud and seaweeds, and checks the oysters’ growth. “I wash them and make sure they’re healthy,” she says.(在牡蛎养殖季节，黛米和她的妈妈每周去一次比洛克西湾的纵帆船码头。黛米在那里有九个笼子。她提起每个笼子，抖掉泥土和海藻，检查牡蛎的生长情况。“我给它们清洗，确保它们健康，” 她说)”可知，黛米每周去纵帆船码头是为了照顾她的牡蛎。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“So far, Demi has raised over 1,500 oysters and inspired many others to join the program.(到目前为止，黛米已经养殖了超过 1500 只牡蛎，并激励了许多其他人加入这个项目)”以及第四段“Last year, Demi won a National Geographic Young Heroes Award for her conservation work. She donated her $1,000 prize to MOGP. “Her donation helped us buy new cages and baby oysters,” says MOGP leader P. J. Waters, who calls Demi “a fantastic ambassador for coastal protection.”(去年，黛米因其保护工作获得了国家地理青年英雄奖。她将 1000 美元奖金捐赠给了密西西比牡蛎养殖项目。该项目负责人 P. J. 沃特斯说：“她的捐赠帮助我们购买了新的笼子和小牡蛎。”，他称黛米为 “海岸保护的杰出大使”)”可推知，黛米作为一个年轻人，通过自己在牡蛎养殖项目中的努力，不仅实际养殖了大量牡蛎，还激励他人参与，并且用奖金助力项目发展，对海岸保护产生了积极影响，突出了年轻人的影响力。由此推知，作者写作本文的目的是突出青年的影响力。故选D。 （2025·安徽滁州·二模）For her 85th birthday, I gave my mother an iPad. Though she’d never used a computer, she showed a keen interest in the device because she knew people who had one, and she believed that if she didn’t keep up with technology, she’d one day find herself in a computerized kitchen, unable to open a can of soup. Then began her journey of exploring the digital world. Mom is a reader, so I downloaded the library app and signed her up for an e-card. She regularly downloaded e-books herself. When they were not immediately available, she put them on hold and usually forgot about them later. Next, we handled Netflix. Being a movie lover, Mom was astonished by the number of films that Netflix has on offer. One Saturday she called because she was having trouble logging onto Netflix. She was sure that she had entered correct user’s name and password, but without any luck. I suggested the version might be too old. “They probably have fewer people working as it’s a long weekend,” she told me. Now, we FaceTime and Zoom every day. She reads e-books, amazed that she can check them out in the middle of the night. She watches TV series and even knows about the most recent hit. However, she is still unable to surf the Internet smoothly — whenever she wants to browse the news sector online, she might touch the pop-up ads and sidebars by accident, thus ending up on strange pages. I can’t wait for the day when we can sit down in person and surf the Internet together. In the meantime, it’s great to see how much her confidence has grown. Yesterday, she FaceTimed me “I’ve made a resolution,” she announced. “I’m going to learn how to operate every piece of technology in the apartment — including the TV remote.” 5．Why did the author’s mom show a keen interest in iPad? A．Because she was a movie lover. B．Because everyone she knew had one. C．Because it was gifted by her daughter. D．Because she didn’t want to be left behind. 6．What might be the reason why the author’s mother couldn’t log onto Netflix? A．The app needed to be updated. B．Few people worked on the weekend. C．She entered the wrong user’s password. D．Her iPad’s operating system broke down. 7．What trouble does the author’s mom encounter when surfing the Internet? A．It’s hard to read e-books at night. B．She might be led to strange pages. C．The sidebars fail to function properly. D．There is nothing fun in the news sector. 8．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the article? A．To suggest some apps an iPad offers to old people. B．To share her mom’s experiences of learning technology. C．To criticize technology for being unfriendly to seniors. D．To show her approaches to teaching her mom to use an iPad. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．B 8．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的妈妈学习使用iPad的经历。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Though she’d never used a computer, she showed a keen interest in the device because she knew people who had one, and she believed that if she didn’t keep up with technology, she’d one day find herself in a computerized kitchen, unable to open a can of soup.( 尽管她从未使用过电脑，但她对这一设备表现出了浓厚的兴趣，因为她认识一些拥有电脑的人。而且她认为，如果自己不跟上科技的发展步伐，那么有朝一日她会发现自己身处一个全是电脑操控的厨房里，连一罐汤都打不开。)”可知，作者的妈妈对iPad表现出浓厚的兴趣是因为她不想被时代落下。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“I suggested the version might be too old.(我建议版本可能太旧了。)”可知，作者的妈妈不能登录Netflix的原因是应用程序需要更新。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, she is still unable to surf the Internet smoothly — whenever she wants to browse the news sector online, she might touch the pop-up ads and sidebars by accident, thus ending up on strange pages.(然而，她仍然不能顺利上网——每当她想在网上浏览新闻版块时，她可能会不小心碰到弹出广告和侧边栏，从而进入奇怪的页面。)可知，作者的妈妈在上网时遇到的问题是她可能会被引导到奇怪的页面。故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“For her 85th birthday, I gave my mother an iPad.(她85岁生日时，我送给妈妈一台iPad。)”以及文章主要讲述了作者的妈妈学习使用iPad的经历可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享她妈妈学习技术的经历。故选B。 （2025·四川成都·模拟预测）Being able to tell human faces apart is a skill that almost every person has, although some are far better at it than others. But a new study from the journal Scientific Reports says that this is not just a skill that humans possess. Even fish can do it. Following up on research studying different species’ abilities to recognize human faces (sheep, dogs, cows, horses, and birds have all been tried), the researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of Queensland decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortex (大脑新皮层), the part of the brain that processes sight and sounds, and does not have a close relationship with humans. That way, there would be no reason why these test subjects would have a past history of identifying human faces. So they picked the archerfish, a reef fish variety that shoots water into the air to knock its prey (猎物) out of the sky. They used this adaptation to have the fish spray water at a face on a monitor hanging over their tanks for a reward. Most of the fish were able to pick out their learned face, even when colours were taken away or methods were used to make the face shapes unclear. This study gives more backing to the hypothesis that differentiating between faces is not just a skill that big-brained organisms are born with. It is possible that a good portion of recognizing faces is learned over time. The development of the necortex may contribute only to quickly process a large number of faces in varying situations. But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behaviour. The subject of this study was very small — only eight fish were used altogether. Also, the faces displayed on the monitor were only white, female faces from a German database, shown in a frontal view, with no expressions. Other animal trials have shown that some species, like pigeons, respond more to differing angles and varied expressions. 9．Why were the archerfish chosen as test subjects? A．They spray water to hit the prey. B．They are cleverer than other species. C．They have sharp vision and hearing. D．They aren’t closely related to humans. 10．What is the author’s attitude toward the study? A．Cautious. B．Negative. C．Positive. D．Ambiguous. 11．Which of the following might be suggested for further studies in the future? A．Enlarging the human faces. B．Using black-and-white pictures. C．Employing more male researchers. D．Including more experimental subjects. 12．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To reveal the differences between species. B．To show the way animals tell human faces apart. C．To present a new discovery on a specific animal ability. D．To introduce the animals that can recognize human faces. 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．D 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鱼能识别人脸的新发现。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“the researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of Queensland decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortex (大脑新皮层), the part of the brain that processes sight and sounds, and does not have a close relationship with humans.(牛津大学和昆士兰大学的研究人员决定选择一种没有进化出大脑新皮层的动物，大脑新皮层是大脑中处理视觉和声音的部分，而且与人类没有密切的关系)”可知，选择射水鱼作为实验对象是因为它们与人类关系不密切。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This study gives more backing to the hypothesis that differentiating between faces is not just a skill that big-brained organisms are born with. It is possible that a good portion of recognizing faces is learned over time.(这项研究为面部识别不仅仅是大脑生物天生具备的技能这一假设提供了更多支持。很有可能很大一部分面部识别是随着时间的推移而习得的)”以及“But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behaviour.(但是还需要做更多的工作来找到与这种可能的学习行为更深层次的联系)”可知，作者对这个研究持谨慎的态度。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The subject of this study was very small — only eight fish were used altogether.(这项研究的样本非常小——总共只使用了八条鱼)”可推知，对于未来的进一步研究，文章建议包括更多的实验对象。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But a new study from the journal Scientific Reports says that this is not just a skill that humans possess. Even fish can do it.(但《科学报告》杂志的一项新研究指出，这不仅仅是人类所拥有的技能。甚至鱼也能做到)”结合文章主要介绍了研究发现鱼能识别人脸，可知这篇文章的目的是介绍关于动物特殊能力的新发现。故选C。 文章寓意题3篇 【名师点津】 1. 关注选项格言或成语含义，甚至言外之意，做题留痕圈。 2. 找到原文相对应的段落或句子描述，进而提炼相应形容词。 3. 比对四个选项，留意答案往往是一对一错，选择最佳答案。 【精准押题】 （2025·河北·二模）Watching thousands of baby puffins (海鹦), known as p pufflings, being thrown off a cliff (悬崖) is perfectly normal for the people of Iceland’s Westman Islands. This yearly tradition is what’s known as “puffling season” and it is a crucial practice. Puffins are charming birds and attract locals and tourists to visit them. But during puffling season, the focus shifts from merely watching to actively helping the young puffins. The chicks of puffins hatch in nests on high sea cliffs. About six weeks after hatching, they will fly from their nests and spend several years at sea until they return to land to breed. Puffins have historically found the ocean by following the light of the moon. But because of lights from towns near where the puffins nest, they can get lost. Instead of heading out to sea to fish and grow strong, the birds end up heading inland. They wander on the streets, where cars, cats, and buildings pose dangerous obstacles. So, many residents spend a few weeks in August and September collecting baby puffins that have crashed into town and then gently throwing them into the ocean. According to Erpur Hansen, a local ecologist, the average puffin population in Iceland has decreased by 70 percent over the last 30 years. “While light pollution may be the most visible and easily blamed issue, what’s restricting puffin numbers most dramatically are rising sea surface temperatures,” he explains. To further worsen the issue, puffins also only lay one egg per year, and only after they’re 3-6 years old. That rareness, combined with lack of food, and the legal hunting of the birds in Iceland all come together to threaten the population. In fact, Hansen has suggested that if all factors continue on a similar trend, puffins in Iceland could be a thing of the past in a matter of decades. “On the upside, the last few years have seen something of a population increase, but that doesn’t mean it’s time to relax and it’s important to remain watchful to protect the birds, especially during puffling season,” Hansen says. 1．What do people from Westman Islands usually do in puffling season? A．Watch pufflings thrown off a cliff by adult puffins. B．Observe pufflings flying from their nests to breed. C．Search for pufflings and release them into the wild. D．Celebrate the pufflings’ successful migration journey. 2．Why do many puffins lose their ways? A．The moonlight is hazier than it used to be. B．They are misled by artificial lights inland. C．They are born with poor sense of direction. D．Natural environment is too complicated to adapt. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly focus on about the puffin? A．The multiple factors causing its decline. B．The impact of climate change on it. C．The rareness of its breeding features. D．The numerous challenges its habitat faces. 4．What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A．There’s no need for long-term fix for the pufflings. B．Puffins’ future is overwhelmingly discouraging. C．Constant active intervention from humans is essential. D．The puffling season tradition should be spread across Iceland. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冰岛韦斯特曼群岛的“海鹦幼鸟季”传统，阐述海鹦幼鸟迷路原因，还分析了海鹦数量减少的因素及保护的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Watching thousands of baby puffins (海鹦), known as p pufflings, being thrown off a cliff (悬崖) is perfectly normal for the people of Iceland’s Westman Islands. This yearly tradition is what’s known as ‘puffling season’ and it is a crucial practice.(对于冰岛韦斯特曼群岛的人们来说，观看成千上万的海鹦宝宝被扔下悬崖是再正常不过的事。这个一年一度的传统被称为“海鹦幼鸟季”，这是一个至关重要的做法)”和第三段中“So, many residents spend a few weeks in August and September collecting baby puffins that have crashed into town and then gently throwing them into the ocean. (所以，许多居民会在8月和9月花几周时间收集冲进城镇的小海鹦，然后轻轻地把它们扔进海里)”可知，韦斯特曼群岛的人们在海鹦幼鸟季通常会寻找海鹦幼鸟并将它们放归野外。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But because of lights from towns near where the puffins nest, they can get lost. Instead of heading out to sea to fish and grow strong, the birds end up heading inland. (但由于海鹦筑巢地附近城镇的灯光，它们会迷路。这些鸟没有出海捕鱼并茁壮成长，而是最终飞向了内陆)”可知，许多海鹦迷路是因为它们被内陆的人造灯光误导了。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“‘While light pollution may be the most visible and easily blamed issue, what’s restricting puffin numbers most dramatically are rising sea surface temperatures,’ he explains. To further worsen the issue, puffins also only lay one egg per year, and only after they’re 3-6 years old. That rareness, combined with lack of food, and the legal hunting of the birds in Iceland all come together to threaten the population. (他解释说：“虽然光污染可能是最明显、最容易被指责的问题，但对海鹦数量限制最严重的是不断上升的海面温度。”更糟糕的是，海鹦每年只产一枚蛋，而且要到3-6岁才开始产蛋。这种繁殖的稀少性，再加上食物短缺以及冰岛对海鹦的合法捕猎，共同威胁着海鹦的数量)”可知，该段主要聚焦于导致海鹦数量减少的多种因素。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘On the upside, the last few years have seen something of a population increase, but that doesn’t mean it’s time to relax and it’s important to remain watchful to protect the birds, especially during puffling season,’ Hansen says. (汉森说：“从好的方面看，过去几年海鹦数量有所增加，但这并不意味着可以放松了，保持警惕保护这些鸟类很重要，尤其是在海鹦幼鸟季”)”可知，因为人类的保护，过去几年海鹦数量有所增加，所以作者在最后一段中想传达的是“人类持续的积极干预是必不可少的”。故选C项。 （24-25高三下·江苏南京·阶段练习）The afternoon air was thick and warm, and by the time my dad and I reached the bay, which we called a swimming palace, my clothes were damp and itchy (痒) on my skin. Dad dived into a splash, heading out toward the edge of our narrow bay. Overwhelmed, suddenly, and with envy, I did what I hadn’t done in years: I held my breath and pulled my own head underwater. There, suspended beneath the glimmering surface, I remembered it all — my love of diving, swimming, rivers and lakes. I knew what it was like again: to be free and fully present in my own skin. Though I’ve always loved the water, I had spent seven years prior to that day staying away from moments like this one. I was afraid. Struggling for a long time with unhelpful treatments, and the pressures of teenage girls’ appearance, I had become entirely reliant on my makeup. I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. My bare face and natural appearance were not something I identified with. I hated it, deeply, though I wished more than anything that I didn’t. But those 10 minutes of contentment I floated within were fuel for the next chapter of my life. Suddenly, it didn’t matter how I did it. Whether through medication or mental attitude, I would find a way to have the kind of life that allowed me to dive into the water. That day was the beginning of a slow but determined journey back to my own body — a slow unearthing of my deep self-consciousness. Life didn’t change in a heartbeat: I returned to the shore with all the same fears, but I clothed myself in a new determination to change things. I felt the tide turn. Reflecting on this moment again today, it seems strange to think that going bare-faced on an empty beach was such a challenge. But this is exactly the perspective I had once dreamed of reaching. I do my best never to take for granted this freedom I have found. I will sink under the surface of the water, embracing that swell of fear and joy and liberation. 5．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．My father’s action inspired me. B．I once suffered from memory loss. C．My envy prevented me from diving. D．The bay was where I learned swimming. 6．The author avoided swimming for seven years because of ______ . A．pressure from independence B．treatment for mental illness C．inconvenience of making up D．insecurity about appearance 7．How did the author feel after she returned from the diving? A．Hesitant and fearful. B．Restless but joyful. C．Proud and contented. D．Afraid but resolute. 8．What message does the author want to convey in the passage? A．Do not judge a book by its cover. B．Self-acceptance is the greatest gift. C．Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. D．Nothing is difficult to a willing heart. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．D 8．B 【导语】这篇文章是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在一次与父亲去海湾游泳的经历中，重新找回了对水的热爱，并开始努力克服对外貌的过度关注，重新接受自己。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Dad dived into a splash, heading out toward the edge of our narrow bay. Overwhelmed, suddenly, and with envy, I did what I hadn’t done in years: I held my breath and pulled my own head underwater. (爸爸跳进水中，溅起一片水花，向我们狭窄海湾的边缘游去。突然间，我被一种强烈的羡慕感所淹没，我做了多年来从未做过的事情：我屏住呼吸，把头埋进了水里)”可知，父亲跳进水里游泳，这让作者很羡慕，于是作者也做了自己多年没做过的事，把头埋进了水里，可得出作者的父亲的行为激发了她，故选A项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“I was afraid. Struggling for a long time with unhelpful treatments, and the pressures of teenage girls’ appearance, I had become entirely reliant on my makeup. I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. (我害怕。长期以来，我一直在与无用的治疗和青少年女孩对外貌的压力作斗争，我变得完全依赖于我的化妆品。我需要完全控制我的外貌，而游泳意味着会冲走这种控制)”可知，作者避免游泳是因为她对自己的外貌缺乏安全感，怕游泳毁掉妆容，故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据第五段“I returned to the shore with all the same fears, but I clothed myself in a new determination to change things. I felt the tide turn. (我带着所有同样的恐惧回到了岸上，但我穿上了改变事情的新决心。我感觉到潮水转向了)”可知，作者带着同样的恐惧回到岸边，但是作者下定决心要改变，所以作者虽然仍然害怕，但变得更加坚定，故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I will sink under the surface of the water, embracing that swell of fear and joy and liberation. (我会沉入水下，拥抱那种恐惧、快乐和解放的浪潮)”可知，作者重新找回了对水的热爱，并开始努力克服对外貌的过度关注，重新接受自己，她想要传达的信息是自我接受是最大的礼物，故选B项。 （2025·山东·模拟预测）It was a clear autumn morning, and the lake was calm, its surface reflecting the golden colors of the surrounding trees. I stood at the edge of the dock (船埠), my toes tightly holding the wooden boards, as I watched my friends dive into the water with effortless grace. Their laughter spread across the lake, but I remained frozen, my heart beating fast. I hadn’t swum for years—not since the accident. At twelve, during a family vacation, a sudden wave pulled me under in the ocean. I remembered the panic, the struggle to breathe, and the feeling of powerlessness. After that, I avoided water, fearing it would drown me again. But standing there that morning, something changed. I was tired of being afraid, tired of letting that moment define me. I wanted to reclaim the joy I once found in swimming. With a deep breath, I stepped off the dock. The cold water shocked me, but I surfaced, breathing for air. Instead of swimming back, I treaded (踩水) water, forcing myself to stay afloat. My heart raced, but I closed my eyes, focusing on my breathing, calming myself. Then, I dove under. The world beneath was silent and peaceful. Sunlight shone through, casting reflecting patterns on the lakebed. I felt weightless, free from my fears. For those moments, I was no longer the girl scared by an accident—I was just me, floating in my own world. When I emerged, I felt a great achievement. I had faced my fear and proven I could overcome it. That day marked a new chapter. I started swimming regularly, rebuilding my confidence. Each dive made me stronger, more in control. The accident didn’t just take away my love for swimming—it taught me that fear doesn’t have to be a prison. It can be a challenge, an opportunity to grow. Sometimes, all it takes is one brave moment to change everything. 9．What caused the author to avoid swimming for years? A．She was afraid of the freezing cold water. B．She didn’t have any friends to swim with. C．She had a terrible experience in the ocean. D．She didn’t like the feeling of touching water. 10．How did the author feel when she first stepped off the dock? A．Shocked and scared. B．Calm and relaxed. C．Excited and confident. D．Concerned and bored. 11．What does the author mean by saying “fear doesn’t have to be a prison”? A．Fear can prevent people from doing what they love. B．Fear can be overcome and used as a motivation to grow. C．Fear is something that might change everything for sure. D．Fear is always a negative emotion in people’s daily life. 12．What does the passage want to convey? A．Swimming in a lake nearby brings pure joy. B．Swimming in the ocean ends up with dangers. C．Having family vacations is extremely important. D．Overcoming fear and reclaiming one’s life matters. 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．B 12．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述作者从一次游泳中不小心被海浪拖进水中，差点溺水，之后，作者虽然很害怕，但是还是努力克服恐惧，重新开始游泳的故事。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“I hadn’t swum for years—not since the accident. At twelve, during a family vacation, a sudden wave pulled me under in the ocean. I remembered the panic, the struggle to breathe, and the feeling of powerlessness. After that, I avoided water, fearing it would drown me again.( 自从那次事故之后，我已经好几年没游过泳了。十二岁那年，在一次家庭度假中，一个突如其来的巨浪把我卷进了海里。我记得当时的恐慌、挣扎着呼吸和无力感。从那以后，我就不再碰水了，怕水会再把我淹死)”可知，作者多年来避免游泳是因为在 12 岁时的一次家庭度假中，在海洋里遭遇了意外，被海浪卷入水下，那次可怕的经历让她害怕水。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The cold water shocked me, but I surfaced, breathing for air. Instead of swimming back, I treaded (踩水) water, forcing myself to stay afloat. My heart raced(冰冷的水把我吓了一跳，但我还是浮了上来，呼吸着空气。我没有游回去，而是踩着水，强迫自己浮在水面上。我的心跳加速)”可知，作者刚从船埠走下去时，冷水让她震惊，而且她心跳加速，说明她很害怕，所以她的感觉是震惊和害怕。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The accident didn’t just take away my love for swimming—it taught me that fear doesn’t have to be a prison. It can be a challenge, an opportunity to grow.( 这次事故不仅夺走了我对游泳的热爱，还教会了我，恐惧不一定是一种牢笼。它可以是一个挑战，一个成长的机会)”可推知，作者的意思是恐惧不一定是牢笼，它可以被克服，并且可以作为成长的动力。故选B项。 12．推理判断题。通读全文以及最后一段中“It can be a challenge, an opportunity to grow.   Sometimes, all it takes is one brave moment to change everything.( 它可以是一个挑战，一个成长的机会。有时候，只需要一个勇敢的时刻就能改变一切)”可知，文章讲述了作者因为一次意外而多年害怕游泳，但最终克服恐惧，重新找回游泳的快乐，并且意识到恐惧可以被克服，是成长的机会。所以文章想要传达的是克服恐惧、重新掌控自己的生活很重要。故选D项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$