Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering useful structures 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering useful structures导学案 【Learning Objectives】 By the end of this class, students should be able to: 1. Understand the usage of infinitives as attribute and adverbial. 2. Use infinitives correctly in context. 【复习案】 · Revision: 观察动词不定式在句子中做什么成分。 1. To make such a mistake is foolish. 2. I wish to learn English well. 3. My ambition is to become a doctor. 4. She was the first person to think of such a good idea. 5. I hurried to the train station，only to find that the train has left. 6. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 总结：动词不定式形式为“to do”。动词不定式可在句中作 、 、 、 、 和 ，但是不能单独作 。 【探究案】 1、 不定式的时态与语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing —— 完成式 to have done to have been done 二、不定式作定语和状语 【语法点一】不定式作定语 1. 不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。 The car to be bought tomorrow is for his sister. 明天要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。 The car bought yesterday was for his sister. 昨天买的那辆车是给他姐姐的。 2. 在序数词（first，second...）、形容词最高级、the next、the only等修饰的名词后用不定式作后置定语。(动词不定式与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系) Lin Qiaozhi was the first woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. Lily was the only one to stay for the whole speech. 3. 不定代词（something，anything等）习惯上用不定式作定语。例如： There is nothing to worry about. 没什么好担心的。 Have you got anything to cure my bad cold? 4. 常见的接to do的名词有∶way, decision, ability, plan, promise, offer, warning, attempt, willingness, tendency，courage, effort, measure, opportunity, right(权力), skill等。 The best way to cheer yourself up is to try to cheer somebody else up. —Mark Twain Does he have the ability to do the job? I don’t trust his promise to come for a visit. In our country, everyone has the right to go to school. · 注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面需有相应的介词。 I am looking for a room to live in. Can I borrow a pen to write with? 【随学随练】 1. There’s no need               (send) for a doctor. 2. We need someone             (help) with the work. 3. Mr Zhang is always the last man              (arrive) at the office. 4. His eagerness              (get) back home was quite obvious. 5. Please tell me the subjects               (discuss) at the next session. 【语法点二】不定式作状语 不定式在句子中作状语时，通常可用来表示目的、结果、原因等。 1. 不定式作目的状语 Many immigrants came to San Francisco to seek their fortune during gold rush period. So as not to disturb the baby, I walked quietly. Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day in order to stay healthy 2. 不定式作结果状语 通常出现在句尾，常用于固定搭配中：only to do; too...to do; ...enough to do; (1) 表示出人意料或者不太好的结果时，用only to do (only 翻译为“结果”) I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. (意料之外) Charlie’s father died, leaving the family worse off.查理的父亲去世了，让这个家更穷了。 (意料之中) (2) "too …to …" 结构常表示"太……而不能……" He is too weak to do the work on his own. 注意：She was too happy to meet her friend in the street. 在街上遇到她的好朋友她很高兴。(3) The rooms are all large enough to take a third bed. 房间都够大，可以放第三张床。 3. 不定式作原因状语 一般不置于句首，大部分表达情感等的原因。 (1) 主语+be+表情绪或感情的形容词+不定式，用于这一结构的形容词主要有：afraid, angry, anxious, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, delighted, disappointed, excited, shocked, surprised。例如： Nice to meet you. We were surprised to find the temple still in its original condition. (2) 主语+be+说明人的品质或行为的形容词+不定式。例如： The boy was rude to speak to the teacher like that. The boy was clever to solve the problem so quickly. (3) 主语(物)+is/was+adj+不定式。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous等,表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day. The room is comfortable to live in. 【随学随练】判断下列句子中的不定式作哪种类型的状语 1. They ran over to welcome us. 2. I'm sorry to hear that. 3. He studied hard only to fail the exam. 【综合训练】 1. 一个好教师必须有清楚表达自我的能力。 A good teacher must have the . 2. 他们决定把会议推迟到下周。 They made a until next week. 3. 我爷爷似乎有很多事情要担心。 My grandfather seems to . 4. 你有用来喝水的杯子吗？ Do you have ? 5. 她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 She was the first woman in the Olympic Games. 6. 他是这次飞机失事中唯一的幸存者。 He was the only one . 7. 我们打开窗户，让新鲜空气进来。 We opened the window . 8. 明年将在这建一所图书馆。 The house will be a library. 9. 许多父母没有考虑孩子的兴趣和年龄，结果发现“欲速则不达”——他们的好奇心正在被 扼杀。 Many parents don’t take their kids’ interests and ages into consideration, “More haste, less speed” — their curiosity is being killed. 10. 那孩子跌倒了，头撞在门上，伤了头。 The child fell, _____________ (strike) his head against the door and cutting it. 11. 我喜欢夏天早起。呼吸早晨的空气是有益处的。 I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air . 12. 曾经有一段时期，妇女没有选举权。 There was a time when . 13. 当他听到这个消息时，激动得说不出话来。 He was when he heard the news. 14. 这位善良的女人很容易相处，我们都喜欢她。 The kind woman and we all like her. 15. 我们应当有勇气承认自己是无知的。 We should have that we are ignorant. 【语法填空】 Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal 1.___________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, 2.__________ (use) current technology, it would take over two years _______ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing 3.________ (know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way 4.________ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible 5.__________ (travel) faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space _______ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space. 答案 1. to send 2. to help 3. to arrive 4. to get 5. to be discussed 6. 目的状语 7. 原因状语 8. 结果状语 1. A good teacher must have the ability to express himself clearly. 2. They made a decision to put off the meeting until next week. 3. My grandfather seems to have a lot to worry about. 4. Do you have a cup to drink water with？ 5. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 6. He was the only one to survive the plane crash. 7. We opened the window to let the fresh air in. 8. The house to be built there next year will be a library. 9. Many parents don't take their kids' interests and ages into consideration, only to find “More haste, less speed” — their curiosity is being killed. 10. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. 11. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so beneficial to breathe. 12. There was a time when women had no right to vote. 13. He was too excited to speak when he heard the news. 14. The kind woman is easy to get along with and we all like her. 15. We should have the courage to admit that we are ignorant. 1. to achieve 2. using 3. to get 4. known 5. to store 6. to help 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$