专题14 定语从句-2025年中考英语【命题趋向+考点探究+素养提升】专练（江苏专用）

专题14 定语从句 目录 第一部分：命题趋向(思维导图+中考命题趋向分析+重点掌握) 第二部分：考点探究(知识点罗列+3年真题演练) 第三部分：素养提升(单项选择+ 用动词的适当形式填空+完成句子) 1. 思维导图 2. 趋向分析 在2025年的中考中， “定语从句”命题趋势可能会侧重状语从句的种类判断、关系词选择，同时也会考察到定语从句在翻译和写作中的运用。重点掌握定语从句的关系词、主从句时态以及句式的改写。主要考查题型有单项选择、完形填空、短文填空、翻译句子等题型。 考点一 定语从句的引导词-关系代词 1. who指人,作主语或宾语 The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.(宾语可省略) A person who steals things is called a thief.(作主语) 2. whom指人,作宾语 The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.(作宾语可省略) The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) 3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 These are the trees which were planted last year. (主语) This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan. ((宾语可省略) Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? (宾语可省略,) Is this the library from which you borrow books? (介词提前则不能省) 4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)，且只用在限制性定语从句中。 A plane is a machine that can fly.(主语) He is the man( that/who/whom) I told you about.(宾语可省略,) 5. whose 在定从中作定语，表所属关系，翻译为“他的/她的/它的”，用来代替 his，her，their，its. whose指人也指物 指物时 = of which 指人时 = of whom This is the book whose cover is blue.=This is the book of which the cover is blue.=This is the book the cover of which is blue. Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq.=Do you know the girl of whom the father died in Iraq. =Do you know the girl the father of whom died in Iraq. 【易错点拨】 一. 只用that不用which的情况： 1.当先行词为不定代词或者先行词被any, all, much, no, little, few等修饰时。 There is nothing (that) I can say about it. He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes. 2.先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best basketball match that I have ever seen. 3.先行词被the only 或the very修饰时。 The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers’ help. 4.先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。 When foreigners talk about China, the first that comes to mind is the Great Wall. 5.先行词既包含人又包含物时。 They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited. 6.先行词是疑问代词时。 Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game? 7.先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时。 This is no longer the place that it used to be. 二. 只用which不用that的情况 1.关系词前有介词紧密连接，指物的只能用介+which。 He wrote a book in which we could learn about his life. 2.在非限制性定语从句中。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth. 真题演练 1.(2021·江苏徐州·中考真题)Agatha Christie was a female writer ________ is considered the queen of crime novels. A. what B. whose C. who D. which 2.(2020·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—Do you know the boy ________is talking to Mr Zhang? —Yes. He is our monitor. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 3.(2017·江苏淮安·中考真题)—What do you think of the TV programme called Readers? —Wonderful! It is the best programme ________ I have ever watched. A. when B. that C. what D. who 4.(2024·四川乐山·中考真题)—I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the volunteer work last summer. —Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun. A. when B. who C. that 5.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)—I feel so nervous. What should I do? —You’d better listen to music that ________. A. helps you relax B. you can dance C. makes you sad 6.(2023·湖南湘西·中考真题)Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story ________ I have ever read. A. who B. where C. that 考点二 定语从句的引导词-关系副词 1.when 在从句中作时间状语，相当于介词+关系代词(which) I’ll never forget the day when / on which I joined the army. 【易错点拨】先行词是时间时，要分清关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语。并非都用when引导从句来修饰。 Do you still remember the days when/ on which there was no electricity? (状语) Do you still remember the days ( which/that) we spent together? (宾语) 2.where在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。相当于介词+关系代词(which) This is the house where/ in which I lived two years ago. 【易错点拨】先行词是地点时，要分清关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语。并非都用where引导从句来修饰。 The place where Lucy once worked has become a museum.(状语) The place(which/that) I visited last week is in Shang Hai.(宾语) 3.why在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是reason相当于“介词for+ which” Do you know the reason why / for which she was late. 【易错点拨】先行词是the reason时，要分清关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语。并非都用why引导从句来修饰。 That’s the reason why he was late.(状语) That’s the reason (which/that) he gave me.(宾语) 【易混辨析】限制性定语从句/ 非限制定语从句 类别  限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 从句与先行词的关系 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。 从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整。 标  点 无逗号 有逗号 关 系 代 词 指人who (that) whom 指物which (that) 人和物whose 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去 指人who(作主语)whom(做宾语) 指物which 人和物的whose 关系代词一般不可省 修饰 名词或代词 It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy. 它用来记录乘客所购买的车票。(作宾语，可以省略) 名词或代词，也可以是整个句子 Jim passed his driving test, which surprised every-body. 吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。 (定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the driving test) 翻译 定语从句译在被修饰词的前面 定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子 真题演练 1.(2020·四川达州·中考真题)That is his old house. He lived there for twenty years.(合并为一句) That is his old house he lived for twenty years. 一、单项选择题 1.(2024·江苏宿迁·一模)I will remember the time ______ we spent together. A. what B. it C. that D. who 2.(2024·江苏扬州·二模)Armstrong became the first man _______ walked on the moon on 20th July, 1969. A. whom B. when C. where D. that 3.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)The students are reading stories ________ are full of positive energy these days. A. which B. what C. who D. / 4.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)The umbrella ________ I had just bought was broken after the heavy rain. A. whose B. whom C. who D. which 5.(2024·江苏泰州·二模)—Do you know the song ________ is very popular these days? —Sure. It is about a girl ________ asked for help with her hoodie(帽衫) on TikTok. A. that; which B. which; who C. who; which D. who; that 6.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)—Which song do you like better, Helen? —I prefer the song Proud of you _________ can attract many people. A. which B. who C. whom D. where 7.(2024·江苏宿迁·二模)Mr Wu is a teacher ________ I want to learn from. He is so knowledgeable. A. which B. when C. what D. who 8.(2024·江苏常州·一模)—Do you know the boy in red ________ is sitting next to Bob? —Yes. He is Bob’s best friend. They are celebrating his ________ birthday. A. /; fifth B. who; twelfth C. which; ninth D. that; twelve 9.(2024·江苏徐州·一模)Four Springs is a documentary film ______ tells a family’s daily life in the small town in Guizhou in Southwest China. A. where B. who C. which D. when 10.(2024·江苏徐州·一模)—Which one is your Maths teacher? —Over there! The tall man ______ wears a pair of round glasses. A. who B. which C. what D. where 11.(2024·江苏宿迁·二模)The shoes ________ I had just bought were broken after playing basketball. A. whose B. whom C. who D. which 12.(2024·江苏南京阶段练习)—What does Alma Mater(母校) mean to you after graduation for so many years? —Everything! Those unforgettable things and people ________ I’m familiar(熟悉的) with will remain in my mind forever. A. who B. that C. what D. which 13.(2024·江苏常州·一模)—Mum, can you see the T-shirt ________ I put here just now? —Oh, I’ve taken it to your bedroom. A. which B. who C. whose D. where 14.(23-24九年级上·江苏南京·期末)Which of the following sentences has a relative clause? A. She started learning Qinqiang Opera from her mother when she was 4 years old. B. If you lose hope for the future, watch the movie The Shawshank Redemption. C. He wants to be the kind of actor that keeps his roles interesting. D. I believe working should be like a poem, full of love and beauty. 15.(2023·江苏扬州·二模)After many years of looking, scientists have found a planet __________is similar to the Earth. A. that B. who C. what D. when 二、单词拼写 1. Zhang Guimei is the first person set up a free high school for girls in China. 2. I love singers who beautiful. (be) 3. Do you want to marry the man (who) father is a farmer? 4. No one imagined that the boy who (讨厌) going to school as a child would grow up to be a teacher. 5. It can be confusing to come across sentences in same words have got different meanings. 6. --When I have some worries, I just can’t decide with w I can talk. --Really? You can talk with your parents, I think. 7. Lily is my classmate father is a famous writer. 8. This is the pen I’m looking for. 9. I know the girl is singing. 10. Is there anything you don’t understand? 11. She is the dentist name is Ruby, and actually she is a funny woman. People like her very much. 12. Sherlock Holmes is a character Arthur Conan Doyle created as a master of solving crimes. 13. In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one is well worth reading. 14. I think the poems ________ were written by Li Bai are beautiful. 15. The students in that college are so excited, because their teacher is one of the astronauts have just returned from space. 三、完成句子 1. They come up with a plan. The plan will solve the problem more quickly.(合并为一句) They come up with a plan the problem more quickly. 2. The most beautiful girl is my sister. I talked with her just now. The most beautiful girl is my sister. 3. 钟南山是一名伟大的医生，受到全国人民的尊敬。 Zhong Nanshan is a great doctor, by all the people in China. 4. Jack is a young singer. He wants to make progress in singing.(合并为一句) Jack is a young singer to make progress in singing. 5. movies, enjoys, him, make, Scott, laugh, which (连词成句) . 6. To improve our English, we can talk to English-speaking people. To improve our English, we can talk to the people English. 7. we, who, someone, looking for, are, beautifully, dance, can(连词成句) . 8. 成就属于那些坚持梦想的人。 Achievements belong to those to their dreams. 9. 林占熺是一位优秀的科学家，他对菌草技术的发展做出了巨大的贡献。 Lin Zhanxi is an excellent scientist made a great contribution to developing the Juncao technology. 10. 四月八是苗族人的传统节日. April 8th is a festival Miao-people’s traditional festival. 11. 那些不让你陷入困境的人才是真正的朋友。 Those get you into trouble are real friends. 12. 尝试想想那些令你感到开心的时光。 think about the days that you . 13. movies, I, that, me, something, to, about, think, give, prefer . 14. Jim’s mother is an English teacher.(改为同义句) Jim’s mother is a teacher English. 15. He was also a famous philosopher wise sayings have many people in different countries. 他(孔子)也是一位著名的哲学家，他的至理名言对不同国家的许多人产生了影响。 四、完形填空 (2024·江苏徐州·三模)Are you having 1 salt? You 2 not think so. But people in China eat on average about 12 grams of salt each day, that is much 3 than the 6 grams 4 by the World Health Organization. You could be eating too much without 5 it. Because about 75% of the salt we eat is already in the food we buy, such as bread, sauces, soups and sausages. What problems can eating too much salt 6 ? To answer that question, first let’s take a look at what salt is. Salt is a chemical compound. Salt is made of sodium and chloride(钠和氯化物). Salt is used to 7 and flavor foods. A small amount of salt is important for good health because our bodies need sodium and chloride 8 . But past studies have found that people who eat more salt than they need tend to have high blood pressure. Eating too much salt has also been linked to other conditions, such as heart and kidney problems. If you want to 9 on salt, the good news is, there are plenty of simple things to do. Here are some tips. Cut back on 10 salt foods. Most foods contain some salt. But some foods such as cheese, bacon, smoked fish and chips are almost high in salt because of the 11 they are made. You can still enjoy them, but try to have them in 12 amounts, or eat them less often. Choose reduced salt bread and breakfast cereals. Bread and breakfast cereals are major sources of salt in the diet not because they are necessarily high in salt but because we eat a lot of them. For these foods, there can be a really big difference between different types and brands. So next time you are shopping, take the time to 13 the salt levels on a few similar products. And always try to 14 the ones lower in salt. Avoid 15 too much salt to cooking and at the table. It will be good for your health. 1. A. too much B. much too C. too many D. little 2. A. can B. must C. might D. should 3. A. high B. higher C. low D. lower 4. A. recommended B. afforded C. offered D. provided 5. A. reducing B. realizing C. understanding D. losing 6. A. have B. lead C. cause D. deal with 7. A. protect B. have C. take D. keep 8. A. to work B. to make C. to hold D. to carry 9. A. reduce B. cut down C. prevent D. stop 10. A. low B. little C. high D. a little 11. A. way B. factory C. process D. result 12. A. smaller B. less C. fewer D. larger 13. A. see B. compare C. enjoy D. match 14. A. remember B. leave C. choose D. hold 15. A. putting B. adding C. getting D. failing 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题14 定语从句 目录 第一部分：命题趋向(思维导图+中考命题趋向分析+重点掌握) 第二部分：考点探究(知识点罗列+3年真题演练) 第三部分：素养提升(单项选择+ 用动词的适当形式填空+完成句子) 1. 思维导图 2. 趋向分析 在2025年的中考中， “定语从句”命题趋势可能会侧重状语从句的种类判断、关系词选择，同时也会考察到定语从句在翻译和写作中的运用。重点掌握定语从句的关系词、主从句时态以及句式的改写。主要考查题型有单项选择、完形填空、短文填空、翻译句子等题型。 考点一 定语从句的引导词-关系代词 1. who指人,作主语或宾语 The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.(宾语可省略) A person who steals things is called a thief.(作主语) 2. whom指人,作宾语 The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.(作宾语可省略) The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) 3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 These are the trees which were planted last year. (主语) This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan. ((宾语可省略) Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? (宾语可省略,) Is this the library from which you borrow books? (介词提前则不能省) 4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)，且只用在限制性定语从句中。 A plane is a machine that can fly.(主语) He is the man( that/who/whom) I told you about.(宾语可省略,) 5. whose 在定从中作定语，表所属关系，翻译为“他的/她的/它的”，用来代替 his，her，their，its. whose指人也指物 指物时 = of which 指人时 = of whom This is the book whose cover is blue.=This is the book of which the cover is blue.=This is the book the cover of which is blue. Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq.=Do you know the girl of whom the father died in Iraq. =Do you know the girl the father of whom died in Iraq. 【易错点拨】 一. 只用that不用which的情况： 1.当先行词为不定代词或者先行词被any, all, much, no, little, few等修饰时。 There is nothing (that) I can say about it. He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes. 2.先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best basketball match that I have ever seen. 3.先行词被the only 或the very修饰时。 The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers’ help. 4.先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。 When foreigners talk about China, the first that comes to mind is the Great Wall. 5.先行词既包含人又包含物时。 They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited. 6.先行词是疑问代词时。 Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game? 7.先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时。 This is no longer the place that it used to be. 二. 只用which不用that的情况 1.关系词前有介词紧密连接，指物的只能用介+which。 He wrote a book in which we could learn about his life. 2.在非限制性定语从句中。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth. 真题演练 1.(2021·江苏徐州·中考真题)Agatha Christie was a female writer ________ is considered the queen of crime novels. A. what B. whose C. who D. which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：阿加莎·克里斯蒂是一位被誉为犯罪小说女王的女作家。 考查关系代词。what不能引导定语从句；whose是关系代词，指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语；who是关系代词，指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。根据题干可知，本句是一个定语从句，先行词writer指人，引导词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who引导，故选C。 2.(2020·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—Do you know the boy ________is talking to Mr Zhang? —Yes. He is our monitor. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你认识正在和张先生说话的那个男孩吗？——是的。他是我们的班长。 考查定语从句。which引导定语从句先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语；who引导定语从句先行词指人，在从句中作主语；whose引导定语从句先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语；whom引导定语从句先行词指人，在从句中作宾语。由“Do you know the boy…is talking to Mr Zhang”可知，从句中缺少主语，且先行词boy指人，故应用who引导定语从句。故选B。 3.(2017·江苏淮安·中考真题)—What do you think of the TV programme called Readers? —Wonderful! It is the best programme ________ I have ever watched. A. when B. that C. what D. who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你认为电视节目《朗读者》怎么样？——太棒了！这是我看过的最好的节目。 考查定语从句。when关系副词，作时间状语；that关系代词，先行词可以是人或物；what什么；who关系代词，先行词是人。此处定语从句先行词“programme”指物且被形容词最高级修饰，只可用关系代词that。故选B。 4.(2024·四川乐山·中考真题)—I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the volunteer work last summer. —Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun. A. when B. who C. that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我永远不会忘记去年夏天我们在志愿者工作中的经历。——我也是。这三天是有意义的，充满了乐趣。考查定语从句。when先行词为时间，在从句中作状语；who先行词为人，在从句中作主语/宾语；that先行词为人/物。根据“experiences”可知，先行词为物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，用that引导。故选C。 5.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)—I feel so nervous. What should I do? —You’d better listen to music that ________. A. helps you relax B. you can dance C. makes you sad 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我感到很紧张，我该怎么办？——你最好听听能帮助你放松的音乐。考查定语从句和情景交际。helps you relax帮你放松；you can dance你能跳舞；makes you sad让你伤心。分析句子可知，that后是定语从句，修饰名词music，B项语法上错误，应是you can dance to；结合“I feel so nervous, what should I do?”可知，空处给出的建议应是帮助对方消除紧张，所以A项符合语境，故选A。 6.(2023·湖南湘西·中考真题)Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story ________ I have ever read. A. who B. where C. that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《愚公移山》是我读过的最好的故事。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是story，关系词在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句。故选C。 考点二 定语从句的引导词-关系副词 1.when 在从句中作时间状语，相当于介词+关系代词(which) I’ll never forget the day when / on which I joined the army. 【易错点拨】先行词是时间时，要分清关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语。并非都用when引导从句来修饰。 Do you still remember the days when/ on which there was no electricity? (状语) Do you still remember the days ( which/that) we spent together? (宾语) 2.where在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。相当于介词+关系代词(which) This is the house where/ in which I lived two years ago. 【易错点拨】先行词是地点时，要分清关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语。并非都用where引导从句来修饰。 The place where Lucy once worked has become a museum.(状语) The place(which/that) I visited last week is in Shang Hai.(宾语) 3.why在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是reason相当于“介词for+ which” Do you know the reason why / for which she was late. 【易错点拨】先行词是the reason时，要分清关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语。并非都用why引导从句来修饰。 That’s the reason why he was late.(状语) That’s the reason (which/that) he gave me.(宾语) 【易混辨析】限制性定语从句/ 非限制定语从句 类别  限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 从句与先行词的关系 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。 从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整。 标  点 无逗号 有逗号 关 系 代 词 指人who (that) whom 指物which (that) 人和物whose 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去 指人who(作主语)whom(做宾语) 指物which 人和物的whose 关系代词一般不可省 修饰 名词或代词 It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy. 它用来记录乘客所购买的车票。(作宾语，可以省略) 名词或代词，也可以是整个句子 Jim passed his driving test, which surprised every-body. 吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。 (定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the driving test) 翻译 定语从句译在被修饰词的前面 定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子 真题演练 1.(2020·四川达州·中考真题)That is his old house. He lived there for twenty years.(合并为一句) That is his old house he lived for twenty years. 【答案】in which 【详解】句意：那是他的老房子。他在那里住了二十年。根据句子结构，原句可以合并为一个定语从句。先行词house，在从句中作地点状语，可以用关系词where或in which，结合所给空格数量，此空应填in which。故答案为in which。 一、单项选择题 1.(2024·江苏宿迁·一模)I will remember the time ______ we spent together. A. what B. it C. that D. who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我会记得我们一起度过的时光。考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空格处为定语从句引导词，先行词为the time，从句缺宾语，故应用关系代词that或which。故选C。 2.(2024·江苏扬州·二模)Armstrong became the first man _______ walked on the moon on 20th July, 1969. A. whom B. when C. where D. that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在1969年7月20日，阿姆斯特朗成为第一个在月球上行走的人。考查定语从句。whom引导定语从句时，先行词是人，在从句中作宾语；when引导定语从句时，先行词是时间，在从句中作时间状语；where引导定语从句时，先行词是地点，在从句中作地点状语；that引导定语从句时，先行词是人或物。本句先行词为man，指人，从句缺主语，需用关系代词who或that引导定语从句，但先行词被the first修饰，只能用that。故选D。 3.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)The students are reading stories ________ are full of positive energy these days. A. which B. what C. who D. / 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这些天，学生们正在阅读充满正能量的故事。考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词“stories”，并在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选A。 4.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)The umbrella ________ I had just bought was broken after the heavy rain. A. whose B. whom C. who D. which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：大雨过后，我刚买的伞坏了。考查定语从句的引导词。whose引导定语从句，先行词为人或物，在从句中作定语；whom引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作作宾语；who引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作主语；which引导定语从句，先行词为人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是umbrella，指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，应用which引导，故选D。 5.(2024·江苏泰州·二模)—Do you know the song ________ is very popular these days? —Sure. It is about a girl ________ asked for help with her hoodie(帽衫) on TikTok. A. that; which B. which; who C. who; which D. who; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：--你知道这些天很流行的那首歌吗？--当然。是关于一个穿着帽衫在抖音上请求帮助的女孩。考查定语从句。定语从句中先行词为人时用关系代词that或who；先行词为物时用关系代词that或which。问句中先行词为the song，所以关系代词用that或which。答语先行词为a girl，所以关系代词that或who。所以B选项中的符合定语从句对引导词的要求。故选B。 6.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)—Which song do you like better, Helen? —I prefer the song Proud of you _________ can attract many people. A. which B. who C. whom D. where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：--海伦，你更喜欢哪首歌？ --我更喜欢能吸引很多人的歌曲《为你骄傲》。考查关系代词。which用作定语从句的关系代词时，指代表示物的先行词；who和whom用作定语从句的关系代词时，指代表示人的先行词；where表示地点，关系副词。答语中的句子是一个定语从句，先行词是“the song Proud of you”，应该用关系代词which。故选A。 7.(2024·江苏宿迁·二模)Mr Wu is a teacher ________ I want to learn from. He is so knowledgeable. A. which B. when C. what D. who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吴先生是我想向他学习的老师。他知识渊博。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是teacher，关系词在从句中作宾语，用who引导定语从句。故选D。 8.(2024·江苏常州·一模)—Do you know the boy in red ________ is sitting next to Bob? —Yes. He is Bob’s best friend. They are celebrating his ________ birthday. A. /; fifth B. who; twelfth C. which; ninth D. that; twelve 【答案】B 【详解】句意：--你知道坐在鲍勃旁边的那个穿红色衣服的男孩吗？--是的，他是鲍勃的朋友，他们正在庆祝他的12岁生日。考查定语从句和数词的用法。在定语从句中，先行词指人时用who/that引导；表示某人的第几个生日用序数词，twelve的序数词是twelfth，故选B。 9.(2024·江苏徐州·一模)Four Springs is a documentary film ______ tells a family’s daily life in the small town in Guizhou in Southwest China. A. where B. who C. which D. when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《四个春天》是一部纪录片，讲述了中国西南部贵州一个小镇上一个家庭的日常生活。 考查定语从句。此处含定语从句，先行词是物，引导词在从句中作主语，故选C。 10.(2024·江苏徐州·一模)—Which one is your Maths teacher? —Over there! The tall man ______ wears a pair of round glasses. A. who B. which C. what D. where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：--哪一个是你的数学老师？--在那里！那个戴着一副圆眼镜的高个子男人。 考查定语从句关系词。who引导定语从句，在句中作主语/宾语，先行词是人；which引导定语从句，在句中作主语/宾语，先行词是物；what不能引导定语从句；where引导定语从句，在句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词。分析句子可知，空后句子作定语修饰名词the tall man，空处在句中作主语，且先行词是人，所以用who，故选A。 11.(2024·江苏宿迁·二模)The shoes ________ I had just bought were broken after playing basketball. A. whose B. whom C. who D. which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我刚买的那双鞋在打篮球后就坏了。 考查定语从句的引导词。whose谁的，作定语；whom谁，指人，作宾语；who谁，指人，作主/宾语；which哪个，指物，作主/宾语。定语从句先行词是shoes，指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，应用which引导。故选D。 12.(2024·江苏南京阶段练习)—What does Alma Mater(母校) mean to you after graduation for so many years? —Everything! Those unforgettable things and people ________ I’m familiar(熟悉的) with will remain in my mind forever. A. who B. that C. what D. which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——毕业这么多年了，母校对你来说意味着什么？——一切！那些我熟悉的难忘的事情和人会永远留在我的脑海里。 考查定语从句关系词。根据“Those unforgettable things and people”可知，先行词即有人又有物，关系代词只能用that。故选B。 13.(2024·江苏常州·一模)—Mum, can you see the T-shirt ________ I put here just now? —Oh, I’ve taken it to your bedroom. A. which B. who C. whose D. where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：--妈妈，你看见我刚才放在这里的T恤了吗？--哦，我把它拿到你的卧室去了。 考查定语从句。根据“can you see the T-shirt ... I put here just now?”可知，句子是定语从句，先行词T-shirt，指物，在从句中作宾语，关系词用which引导定语从句。故选A。 14.(23-24九年级上·江苏南京·期末)Which of the following sentences has a relative clause? A. She started learning Qinqiang Opera from her mother when she was 4 years old. B. If you lose hope for the future, watch the movie The Shawshank Redemption. C. He wants to be the kind of actor that keeps his roles interesting. D. I believe working should be like a poem, full of love and beauty. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下列哪个句子有定语从句？ 考查定语从句。He wants to be the kind of actor that keeps his roles interesting. “他想成为那种能让自己的角色有趣的演员。”为that引导的定语从句，先行词是actor，在从句中作主语。故选C。 15.(2023·江苏扬州·二模)After many years of looking, scientists have found a planet __________is similar to the Earth. A. that B. who C. what D. when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：经过多年的寻找，科学家们发现了一颗与地球相似的行星。 考查定语从句。that关系代词，在定从中可作主、宾、表语，先行词可以是人，也可以是物；who关系代词，在定从中可作主、宾、表语，先行词是人；what什么，不能引导定从；when关系副词，先行词为时间。分析句子结构可知，此句是一个定语从句，先行词是a planet，用关系代词that作从句主语，故选A。 二、单词拼写 1. Zhang Guimei is the first person set up a free high school for girls in China. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：张桂梅是第一个在中国设立免费女子高中的人。根据句意可知，本句为定语从句，先行词为the first person，并且在从句中作主语成分，故填who/that。 2. I love singers who beautiful. (be) 【答案】are 【详解】句意：我喜欢漂亮的歌手。这里先行词singers是复数形式，who是引导词，作主语，be动词用复数，故填are。 3. Do you want to marry the man (who) father is a farmer? 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：你想嫁给那个父亲是农民的男人吗？此句是定语从句，先行词是man，空处需要作定语修饰father，应用whose引导定语从句，表示“男人的父亲”。故填whose。 4. No one imagined that the boy who (讨厌) going to school as a child would grow up to be a teacher. 【答案】hated 【详解】句意：谁也没有想到，这个小时候讨厌上学的男孩长大后会成为一名教师。“讨厌”为hate，分析句子结构可知，此处是who引导的定语从句，先行词是the boy，从句中作主语，从句的时间状语是as a child，故用一般过去时，hate的过去式hated。故填hated。 5. It can be confusing to come across sentences in same words have got different meanings. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：遇到有相同词语却有不同的意思的句子，可能会让人感到困惑。in至句子末尾为定于从句，修饰先行词sentences，先行词是物，关系代词用which或that，前有介词in，只能用which。故填which。 6. --When I have some worries, I just can’t decide with w I can talk. --Really? You can talk with your parents, I think. 【答案】(w)hom 【详解】句意:--当我有烦恼的时候，我就是不知道该和谁讲。--真的？我认为你可以和你的父母谈谈。根据“You can talk with your parents, I think.”可知询问谈话的对象，所以用“whom”作介词宾语。故填(w)hom。 7. Lily is my classmate father is a famous writer. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：莉莉是我的同学，她的父亲是一位著名的作家。分析句子结构可知，句子考查定语从句，需要一个关系代词来引导定语从句，修饰先行词“my classmate”，关系代词在从句中作“father”的定语，因此这里应用whose“谁的”引导定语从句。故填whose。 8. This is the pen I’m looking for. 【答案】which/that 【详解】句意：这就是我正在找的那支钢笔。which/that哪一个，引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，先行词是the pen，指物，可以用which/that引导定语从句。故填which/that。 9. I know the girl is singing. 【答案】who/ that 【详解】句意：我认识那个正在唱歌的女孩。根据句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是the girl，指人，在从句中作主语，可用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 10. Is there anything you don’t understand? 【答案】that 【详解】句意：你还有什么不明白的吗？分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，先行词是复合不定代词anything，应用that引导定语从句。故填that。 11. She is the dentist name is Ruby, and actually she is a funny woman. People like her very much. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：她是名叫Ruby的牙医，实际上她是一个有趣的女人。人们非常喜欢她。根据分析句子结构可知，本句为定语从句，先行词为the dentist，其与name之间是所属关系，需关系代词whose“谁的”，故填whose。 12. Sherlock Holmes is a character Arthur Conan Doyle created as a master of solving crimes. 【答案】whom/who/that 【详解】句意：夏洛克·福尔摩斯是阿瑟·柯南·道尔创造的一个作为破案大师的角色。分析题干可知，空处是定语从句的引导词，在从句中作宾语，先行词是character“角色”，指人，所以可用whom/who/that引导此定语从句。故填whom/who/that。 13. In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one is well worth reading. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：在我看来，在所有的书中，这是唯一值得一读的。根据“this is the only one... is well worth reading.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是“the only one”，关系代词用that。故填that。 14. I think the poems ________ were written by Li Bai are beautiful. 【答案】which/ that 【详解】句意：我认为李白写的诗很美。根据句意及分析句子结构可知，横线处后引导的是定语从句，根据先行词“poem”可知，“poem”在定语从句中做主语，指物，需用关系代词which/that引导从句。故填which/that。 15. The students in that college are so excited, because their teacher is one of the astronauts have just returned from space. 【答案】that/who 【详解】句意：那所大学的学生们非常兴奋，因为他们的老师是刚刚从太空返回的宇航员之一。分析题干可知，空处是定语从句的引导词，在从句中作主语，先行词是astronauts，指人，所以应用that或who引导此定语从句。故填that/who。 三、完成句子 1. They come up with a plan. The plan will solve the problem more quickly.(合并为一句) They come up with a plan the problem more quickly. 【答案】which/that will solve 【详解】句意：他们想出了一个计划。这个计划将更快地解决这个问题。分析句子，该句可以改为定语从句，先行词是“plan”，在从句中作主语，用which/that引导从句，原句是一般将来时，此处时态保持一致，will solve“将解决”。故填which/that；will；solve。 2. The most beautiful girl is my sister. I talked with her just now. The most beautiful girl is my sister. 【答案】that; I talked with just now 【详解】句意：最漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。我刚才和她谈过了。此处可表达为“刚才和我谈话的最漂亮的女孩是我妹妹”，空处为定语从句，先行词为指人的“girl”，且先行词前有最高级“The most beautiful”修饰，关系词用that；I“我”；talked with“交谈”；just now“刚才”。故填that；I talked with just now。 3. 钟南山是一名伟大的医生，受到全国人民的尊敬。 Zhong Nanshan is a great doctor, by all the people in China. 【答案】who is respected 【详解】分析句子结构可知，本句是非限定性定语从句，“受到全国人民的尊敬”是对于“医生”的解释说明，先行词doctor是人，关系词用who；中英对照可知，第二和三空处意为“受到尊敬”，respect“尊敬”符合语境，此处应该使用被动语态，本句是一般现在时，且主语doctor是单数。故填who；is；respected。 4. Jack is a young singer. He wants to make progress in singing.(合并为一句) Jack is a young singer to make progress in singing. 【答案】that/who wants 【详解】句意：Jack是一个年轻歌手。他想要在唱歌方面取得进步。此处可以改为定语从句，singer“歌手”，是先行词，指人，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或who引导。singer作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称，wants意为“想要”。故填that/who；wants。 5. movies, enjoys, him, make, Scott, laugh, which (连词成句) . 【答案】Scott enjoys movies which make him laugh 【详解】根据所给标点符号可知，本句是陈述句。分析单词可知，这是一个定语从句。Scott是主句主语；enjoys作主句谓语，movies作主句宾语，同时也是先行词；which引导定语从句，作主语；make作谓语；him作宾语；laugh作宾语补足语。故填Scott enjoys movies which make him laugh“斯科特喜欢让他发笑的电影”。 6. To improve our English, we can talk to English-speaking people. To improve our English, we can talk to the people English. 【答案】who/that speak 【详解】句意：为了提高我们的英语，我们可以和说英语的人交谈。“English-speaking people”可以用定语从句来替换，先行词是people，且在从句中作主语，关系词用who/that；speak English“说英语”，主语是复数，时态为一般现在时，从句谓语动词用原形，故填who/that；speak。 7. we, who, someone, looking for, are, beautifully, dance, can(连词成句) . 【答案】We are looking for someone who can dance beautifully 【详解】根据所给标点可知，应用陈述句的形式，分析所给单词，we作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；are looking for作谓语动词，此处是现在进行时；someone作宾语；who can dance beautifully是由who引导的定语从句，位于someone之后。故答案为：We are looking for someone who can dance beautifully“我们正在寻找跳舞跳地好看的人”。 8. 成就属于那些坚持梦想的人。 Achievements belong to those to their dreams. 【答案】who stick 【详解】分析句子成分可知，第一空为定语从句引导词，从句缺主语，先行词是those，所以用who引导定语从句；stick to“坚持”，由于先行词those是复数人称，句子时态为一般现在时，故谓语动词需用原形。故填who；stick。 9. 林占熺是一位优秀的科学家，他对菌草技术的发展做出了巨大的贡献。 Lin Zhanxi is an excellent scientist made a great contribution to developing the Juncao technology. 【答案】who/that has 【详解】 第一个空，根据句子结构我们需要一个关系词来引导定语从句，修饰scientist，由于scientist是指人，因此who或that都可以用；第二个空，需要一个助动词来构成现在完成时，表示林占熺对菌草技术的贡献是过去发生并且对现在有影响的。因为主语Lin Zhanxi是第三人称单数，所以助动词应该使用has。故填who/that; has 10. 四月八是苗族人的传统节日. April 8th is a festival Miao-people’s traditional festival. 【答案】that/which is 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是物，引导词用that/which；句子时态是一般现在时，从句的be动词用is，故填that/whic；is。 11. 那些不让你陷入困境的人才是真正的朋友。 Those get you into trouble are real friends. 【答案】who don’t 【详解】本句是定语从句，先行词Those指代“那些人”，用who引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语；本句时态是一般现在时，主语who指代those，为复数，否定句借助助动词don’t，后跟实义动词原形get。故填who；don’t。 12. 尝试想想那些令你感到开心的时光。 think about the days that you . 【答案】Try to; make feel happy 【详解】句意：根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“尝试做”和“令你感到开心”的英文内容，短语“try to do sth.”表示“尝试做某事”；短语“make sb. do sth.”意为“让某人做某事”；短语“feel happy”意为“感到开心”。本句是祈使句，“尝试想想”即“try to think about”，句首用动词原形，首字母大写；“令你感到开心”即“make you feel happy”，先行词the days为复数，句子为一般现在时，定语从句中的谓语动词用原形。故填Try；to；make；feel；happy。 13. movies, I, that, me, something, to, about, think, give, prefer . 【答案】I prefer movies that give me something to think about 【详解】根据所给词和标点可知，此句为陈述句，且时态为一般现在时。分析所给单词可知，句子包含一个定语从句，I作主语；prefer“更喜欢”，作主句谓语动词；movies“电影”，作prefer的宾语；that引导定语从句，指代先行词movies；give“给”，作从句的谓语动词；me我，宾格代词，作give的间接宾语；something“某些东西”，作give的直接宾语；to think about“思考”，动词不定式作后置定语。故填I prefer movies that give me something to think about“我更喜欢那些能让我思考的电影”。 14. Jim’s mother is an English teacher.(改为同义句) Jim’s mother is a teacher English. 【答案】who/that teaches 【详解】句意：吉姆的妈妈是一个教英语的老师。根据句意和提示要求可知，此句是关系代词who/that引导的定语从句。在定语从句中，关系代词who和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，此处先行词是人a teacher，关系代词既可用who，也可以用that。“教英语”英文翻译为teach English，根据题意，应用一般现在时，teacher是单数，所以谓语动词应用三单形式，即teaches。故填who/that；teaches。 15. He was also a famous philosopher wise sayings have many people in different countries. 他(孔子)也是一位著名的哲学家，他的至理名言对不同国家的许多人产生了影响。 【答案】whose; influenced 【详解】对比所给中英文并结合句子结构可知，第一空为关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为“a famous philosopher”，且关系代词在从句中作定语，whose“谁的”符合；第二个空为影响，influence“影响”，根据空前的“have”可知，此处用过去分词形式，构成现在完成时。故填whose；influenced。 四、完形填空 (2024·江苏徐州·三模)Are you having 1 salt? You 2 not think so. But people in China eat on average about 12 grams of salt each day, that is much 3 than the 6 grams 4 by the World Health Organization. You could be eating too much without 5 it. Because about 75% of the salt we eat is already in the food we buy, such as bread, sauces, soups and sausages. What problems can eating too much salt 6 ? To answer that question, first let’s take a look at what salt is. Salt is a chemical compound. Salt is made of sodium and chloride(钠和氯化物). Salt is used to 7 and flavor foods. A small amount of salt is important for good health because our bodies need sodium and chloride 8 . But past studies have found that people who eat more salt than they need tend to have high blood pressure. Eating too much salt has also been linked to other conditions, such as heart and kidney problems. If you want to 9 on salt, the good news is, there are plenty of simple things to do. Here are some tips. Cut back on 10 salt foods. Most foods contain some salt. But some foods such as cheese, bacon, smoked fish and chips are almost high in salt because of the 11 they are made. You can still enjoy them, but try to have them in 12 amounts, or eat them less often. Choose reduced salt bread and breakfast cereals. Bread and breakfast cereals are major sources of salt in the diet not because they are necessarily high in salt but because we eat a lot of them. For these foods, there can be a really big difference between different types and brands. So next time you are shopping, take the time to 13 the salt levels on a few similar products. And always try to 14 the ones lower in salt. Avoid 15 too much salt to cooking and at the table. It will be good for your health. 1. A. too much B. much too C. too many D. little 2. A. can B. must C. might D. should 3. A. high B. higher C. low D. lower 4. A. recommended B. afforded C. offered D. provided 5. A. reducing B. realizing C. understanding D. losing 6. A. have B. lead C. cause D. deal with 7. A. protect B. have C. take D. keep 8. A. to work B. to make C. to hold D. to carry 9. A. reduce B. cut down C. prevent D. stop 10. A. low B. little C. high D. a little 11. A. way B. factory C. process D. result 12. A. smaller B. less C. fewer D. larger 13. A. see B. compare C. enjoy D. match 14. A. remember B. leave C. choose D. hold 15. A. putting B. adding C. getting D. failing 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. B 【导语】本文主要围绕盐的摄入问题展开讨论，指出中国人平均盐摄入量高于世界卫生组织推荐量，并且给出了减少盐摄入的建议。 1. 句意：你正在摄入过多的盐吗？too much太多；much too太，非常；too many太多；little几乎没有。根据“But people in China eat on average about 12 grams of salt each day”可知，下文描述了中国人均盐摄入量高于世界卫生组织推荐量，故此处是询问是否摄入太多的盐，salt是不可数名词，用用too much修饰。故选A。 2. 句意：你可能不这么认为。can能，会；must必须；might可能；should应该。根据“not think so”可知，此处指可能不这么想。故选C。 3. 句意：但是，中国人平均每天摄入约12克盐，这比世界卫生组织推荐的6克要高得多。high高的；higher更高；low低的；lower更低。根据“people in China eat on average about 12 grams of salt, that is much ... than the 6 grams ... by the World Health Organization.”可知，中国人均盐摄入量高于世界卫生组织推荐量，much后加比较级。故选B。 4. 句意：但是，中国人平均每天摄入约12克盐，这比世界卫生组织推荐的6克要高得多。recommended推荐的；afforded负担得起的；offered提供的；provided提供的，供给的。根据“by the World Health Organization.”可知，此处指世界卫生组织推荐的盐摄入量。故选A。 5. 句意：你可能在不知不觉中摄入了过多的盐。reducing减少；realizing意识到；understanding理解；losing失去。根据“Because about 75% of the salt we eat is already in the food we buy,”可知，下文指出我们所摄入的盐约有75%已经包含在我们购买的食物中，故此处指在没有意识到的情况下盐摄入超标。故选B。 6. 句意：摄入过多盐会引起什么问题呢？have有；lead导致；cause引起；deal with处理。根据“What problems”可知，此处指摄入过多盐会引起的问题。故选C。 7. 句意：盐用于保持和调味食物。protect保护；have有；take拿，采取；keep保持。根据“Salt is used to”可知，此处指盐对于食物的作用，应该是保持味道和调节味道。故选D。 8. 句意：少量盐对健康很重要，因为我们的身体需要钠和氯来工作。to work工作；to make制作；to hold持有；to carry携带。根据“our bodies”可知，我们身体的工作需要钠和氯。故选A。 9. 句意：如果你想减少盐的摄入量，好消息是，有很多简单的事情可以做。reduce减少；cut down削减；prevent防止；stop停止。根据上文描述的过多摄入盐的坏处和“…on salt”可知，此处指削减盐的摄入量。故选B。 10. 句意：减少高盐食物的摄入。low低的；little几乎没有(否定意味)；high高的；a little一点(肯定意味)。根据“salt foods”可知，减少的应该是高盐食物。故选C。 11. 句意：但有些食物，如奶酪、培根、熏鱼和薯条由于其制作方式而几乎总是含有大量的盐。way方式，方法；factory工厂；process过程；result结果。根据“they are made”可知，此处指制作方式。故选A。 12. 句意：你仍然可以享受这些食物，但尽量去少量摄入，或者吃得频率低一些。smaller更小的；less更少的(修饰不可数名词)；fewer更少的(修饰可数名词)；larger更大的。根据上文描述和“amounts”可知，amount前面可以用small或large修饰，此处指摄入更加少量的这类食物。故选A。 13. 句意：所以下次购物时，花点时间比较一下类似产品的盐含量。see看见；compare比较；enjoy享受；match匹配。根据“on a few similar products”可知，此处指比较一下类似产品的盐含量。故选B。 14. 句意：并尽量选择含盐量较低的产品。remember记住；leave离开；choose选择；hold持有，举行。根据“the ones lower in salt”可知，此处指选择含盐量较低的产品。故选C。 15. 句意：避免在烹饪和餐桌上添加过多盐。putting放；adding加；getting得到；failing失败。根据“too much salt to cooking”可知，此处指在烹饪中少添加盐。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$