精品解析：上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高一年级英语期中考试试卷 （考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分） I. Listening Comprehension（25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper; and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Coworkers. B. Client and community worker. C. Neighbours. D. Patient and doctor. 2. A. At the school gate. B. At a department store. C. At a crossroads. D. At an airport. 3. A. He owes the woman a favour. B. This game level is rather easy. C. He doesn’t like playing video games. D. The woman should ask somebody else. 4. A. It requires work-life balance. B. It is hard to carry out. C. It needs more discussion. D. It is favourable. 5. A. Why her son wants to go out. B. How her son has performed in his test. C. Whether her son has finished his homework. D. When her son doubled-checked his assignments. 6. A. She knows a lot about Thai food. B. She has never tried Thai food before. C. She loves Thai food for its rich flavors. D. She dislikes Thai food because it’s spicy. 7. A. He is quite interested in the club. B. He wonders what activities the club will do. C. He has designed an experiment for the club. D. He is surprised that the woman will join the club. 8. A. The players are great. B. They have a good coach. C. She used to be a team member. D. She wants to improve her skills. 9. A. It is almost done. B. It has been submitted. C. He will add some numbers to it. D. He needs the woman’s help with it. 10. A. To monitor her improvement. B. To ensure her safety. C. To encourage her in words. D. To show her how to lift a weight. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will. be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Why there are 24 time zones. B. How important sun times were. C. How time zones came into being. D. Why sun times varies from time to time. 12. A. The long distance between towns. B. The development of rail transport. C. The moving of the sun from east to west. D. The establishment of a world committee. 13 A. It was where the rail system started. B. It was where the calendar date shifted. C. It was where the International Date Line was. D. It was where the center of the first time zone was. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A protein might help reduce anxiety. B. A protein is regarded as a cause of anxiety. C. A protein helps brain cells grow more quickly. D. A protein is found to be a sure way to cure anxiety. 15. A. They removed a part of the brain. B. They fed them with neurotrophin-3 directly. C. They put the monkeys in threatening situations. D. They used a virus to increase neurotrophin-3 levels. 16. A. They draw too much attention. B. They are not as common as thought. C. They have been treated in effective ways. D. They make many people unable to go to work. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Super cold seawaters. B. The ruins of an ancient ship. C. Icefish nests on the ocean floor. D. A new species of deep-sea creatures. 18. A. It was a chance discovery. B. It was a long-awaited discovery. C. The discovery was made by divers. D. The discovery was made by satellites. 19. A. Around 17,000 eggs are laid by one fish. B. Icefish stock their food under the sea floor. C. The dads are responsible for protecting the nests. D. Icefish can survive in both warm and cold waters. 20. A. They doubt its significance. B. They think it needs more evidence. C. They find it incredible and fascinating. D. They believe it is an overestimated finding. II. Grammar and Vocabulary（50分） Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 1. What’s in a name? ______ which we call a rose ______ smell as sweet by any other name. A. What; should B. That; would C. That; should D. What; would 2. ______ Jess claims about the situation possibly be accurate, given all the contradictory evidence? A. Can what B. Must what C. Can that D. Must that 3. Successful leaders understand that to make informed decisions, they must ______ the inherent complexity of issues, considering all perspectives before acting. A. seek B. embody C. crack D. appreciate 4. After searching anxiously for hours, he finally discovered his lost passport hidden beneath a pile of documents and let out a deep sigh ______, his shoulders relaxing as the tension that had gripped him all day slowly faded. A. on the spot B. on the roll C. in relief D. in a shock 5. Despite being known for his charismatic presentations, Steve Jobs was unaware ________ a significant impact his words had on the audience, as they were not only captivated by his talent but were also inspired to value accumulation and cherish time. A. of how B. of what C. that how D. that what 6. Which one of the sentences is CORRECT? A. Having been operated twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up. B. If he did say that this morning, he can’t have been telling the truth. C. He seemed to not grasp what she really meant. D. I think in my mind that not all juvenile delinquents are too tough to return to good. 7. In order to thrive in an increasingly competitive environment, individuals must ______ themselves to solving ______ challenging problems that arise, whether in their professional careers or personal development. A. focus; whichever B. apply; whatever C. appeal; whichever D. draw; whatever 8. If humans had not discovered ways to cultivate crops and preserve food since the ______ of civilization, the development of large settlements and trade networks ______ impossible. A. breakthrough; could have been B. origin; should have been C. dawn; would have been D. phenomenon; might have been 9. Although I respect his expertise in the field of sports psychology, I ______ his comment that mental toughness is the sole factor in an athlete’s success, as it overlooks the significant role of physical conditioning, ______ planning, and team dynamics in achieving peak performance. A. take issue with; strategic B. take pity on; strategic C. make an issue of; calm D. feel pity for; calm 10. After ______ to fame with his remarkable success at the Beijing Winter Olympics, Su Yiming ______ to embrace the quiet away from the spotlight, yet now faces new challenges from even younger competitors. A. roaring; kept time off B. shooting; kept time off C. roaring; took time off D. shooting; took time off 11. At the annual Family Feast Symposium, researchers presented a fascinating finding: When measured by emotional satisfaction, even luxury ingredients like Japanese A5 Wagyu steak ______ never truly be ______ the humble dish made by your loved ones. A. could; competitive with B. might; competitive to C. might; competitive with D. could; competitive to 12. In relationships, people need to keep an eye on ______ tries to ______ others to their will under the pretense of love or care, as such individuals often exploit emotional connections to manipulate and control others for their own benefit. A. no matter who; convince B. no matter who; bend C. whoever; bend D. whoever; convince 13. Historical anecdotes are always ______ exaggeration, but the photographer’s claim ______ he wanted to allow himself the pleasure of fooling the Nazis with the picture of a Jewish baby appears to be true. A. prone to; that B. tend to; that C. tend to; that what D. prone to; that what 14. It is the unexpected ______ of the athlete during the competition, compounded by the lack of proper medical preparedness, ______ has sparked fierce debate over the safety measures in elite sports. A. crush; that B. crush; which C. collapse: that D. collapse; which 15. After ______ the misuse of food safety standards within the industry, the whistle-blower took the initiative to ______ the public of the unsafe practices, calling for immediate action to protect consumers. A. accessing; relieve B. spotting; inform C. spotting; relieve D. accessing; inform 16. “What else?” asked Laurie, pressing me for more excuses to refuse his proposal. “Nothing more, ________ I don’t believe I ________ ever marry. I’m happy as I am, and love my liberty too well to be in any hurry to give it up for any mortal man.” A. given that; shall B. except that; shall C. given that; could D. except that; could 17. From a distance, Ma was hard to miss — a gray-haired runner, breathless but beaming, but up close, his voice was ______ audible, a whisper that hinted at the battles he had fought: three ______ for throat cancer left him without vocal cords. A. barely; surgeries B. ultimately; surgeons C. ultimately; surgeries D. barely; surgeons 18. With the rise of AI making average humanities students ______ in the job market experts have suggested that humanities programs ______ cultivating students’ overall competencies rather than simply reducing enrollment. A. incompetitive; focus on B. uncompetitive; focused on C. incompetitive; focused on D. uncompetitive; focus on 19. She was under so much pressure at work that she felt she might ______, but in hindsight, she ______; everything turned out fine. A. overwhelm; wouldn’t have worried B. crack; wouldn’t have worried C. crack; needn’t have worried D. overwhelm; needn’t have worried 20. ______ helping freshmen adapt to the independent lifestyle of a new stage of their lives, universities are taking measures such as organizing senior students to assist with ______ baggage and provide campus tours. A. With an eye to; transferring B. In phase with; transmitting C. In phase with; transferring D. With an eye to; transmitting 21. As has been confirmed in many cases, a good speaker focuses equally on ______ he tells the audience and on ______ he delivers his speech, using word choice, tone, pacing, and expression to enhance the message. A. what; how B. that; how C. that; that D. what; that 22. Volunteers worked tirelessly around the clock to ______ the distress of the flood victims by not only providing ______ essentials but also offering emotional support and temporary shelter to help them rebuild their lives. A. release; bare B. relieve; multiple C. release; multiple D. relieve; bare 23. It is a truth universally acknowledged ______ anyone calls success ______ have its roots in effort, experience, or opportunity—it does not come from nowhere. A. what; might B. that what; must C. what; must D. that what; might 24. Why ________ you put your parents on the spot like this, ________ them to choose between maintaining face in front of relatives and supporting your decisions, especially when they are already struggling to balance traditional expectations with your desire for independence? A. would; screaming B. would; compelling C. must; screaming D. must; compelling 25. She is ______ as a perfectionist—she constantly seeks flawlessness in everything she does, never ______ anything less than perfection. A. what is known; settling for B. whom is known; settling for C. who is known; settling on D. which is known; settling on 26. Many educators, concerned by the lack of critical thinking in today’s curriculum, think it important ______ students dare ______ conventional wisdom and engage with ideas that might not align with mainstream views. A. whether; challenge B. that; to challenge C. whether; to challenge D. that; challenge 27. The reason why Peking duck ______ all ages is ______ it combines rich, savory flavors with a delicate balance of textures, offering a culinary experience that resonates with both traditional tastes and contemporary palates. A. appeals to; because B. appeals; because C. appeals to; that D. appeals; why 28. Any individual who intends to ______ a medical career ______, in accordance with established regulations, complete the necessary training and pass all required examinations before being granted the professional license. A. commence; shall B. commence; ought to C. manage; ought to D. manage; shall 29. The request that students ______ the campus lawn was disregarded by many, which prompted the administration to ______ severe warnings. A. are kept off; issue B. keep off; issue C. are kept off; release D. keep off; release 30. I’m not sure whether the ______ steals our dawns or gifts them, but in the chase itself, we create meaning, finding purpose in the act of living. A. honor B. competition C. facility D. hustle Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. SpaceX’s Starship sees the company get closer to its reusable rocket dream On Oct 13, 2024, the US-based space tech company SpaceX successfully completed its fifth test flight of Starship, a powerful rocket, in Texas, US. This brought the company one step closer to its goal of creating reusable rockets, reported AFP. The giant rocket is 12-meter-tall and it ___31___ (consist) of two parts, the Starship spacecraft at the top and the Super Heavy rocket ___32___ (attach) below. Around seven minutes after launch, the two separated about 70 kilometers above the ground. The rocket’s booster flew back and gradually adjusted ___33___ into a standing position. Then, it began to fall, as two large mechanical arms extended from the launch tower. Like a pair of chopsticks, they “caught” the 71-meter-tall booster and brought it down to a gentle stop. Later on, the spacecraft landed in the Indian Ocean as planned. SpaceX said on its website that its engineers “spent years preparing and months testing for the booster catch attempt”. During the test, teams kept checking to ensure both the booster and the tower fit “thousands” of standards ___34___ any attempt to return the booster was made. Had the conditions not been satisfied, it would have been redirected for a splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico, as in previous tests. SpaceX was founded in 2002 with the ultimate goal of helping humans settle on the moon, Mars and beyond. The company has grown rapidly into a leader in the space industry thanks to its strategy of “fail fast, learn fast”. The Starship’s first few test flights failed due to problems___35___ explosions or a loss of contact. SpaceX sees failures as opportunities to gather data and speed up the creation of better systems than its competitors, ___36___ differs from the traditional approach of identifying and planning for potential problems before a launch, ___37___ practiced by organizations like NASA, which can be ___38___ (slow), according to The Conversation. For example, NASA’s Space Launch System-the rocket designed to take astronauts to the moon as part of the Artemis program-took over 10 years ___39___ (develop) before its first launch. Starship represents an advancement over SpaceX’s earlier reusable model, Falcon 9, as Starship’s reusable rockets ____40____ now have their tanks refilled after a quick check and get ready for the next flight again. “Starship is designed to achieve reflight of its rocket booster ultimately within an hour after liftoff,” Elon Musk said on X. Section C Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. A. reinterpreting B. ingredients C. favors D. cuts E. expectation F. refreshing G. embarrassing H. fare I. perception J. serves K. embracing Is British Food Still a Joke? British cuisine has long been stereotyped as bland, brown, and uninspiring. Dishes like fish pie, mushy peas, and summer pudding reinforce this ____41____. British anthropologist Kate Fox attributes this reputation to historical factors, including Puritan self-denial, the Industrial Revolution’s separation of people from the land, and wartime rationing (定量配给). Unlike the French or Italians, the English have often viewed a deep passion for food as ____42____. However, Britain's food culture has evolved. Immigration from former colonies in the mid-20th century introduced vibrant flavors, and in recent decades, London's restaurant scene has risen to a world-class level, offering everything from Thai soup to Nigerian barbecue. This has led to a renewed appreciation for traditional British ____43____ At the height of a globalized high-end food culture, which ____44____ small plates and intricate garnishes (装饰品), the stark plainness of British comfort food has begun to feel ____45____. The viral fame of “Old Dry Keith” and Burberry’s partnership with Norman’s Café, which celebrates classic greasy spoon dishes, reflecting this growing fascination. This revival is also driven by a new generation of chefs ____46____ British cuisine. St. John, the London institution run by Fergus Henderson and known for its nose-to-tail cooking, celebrated its 30th anniversary last year. Younger chefs who have passed through its kitchen, as well as that of the similarly influential Rochelle Canteen, founded by Margot Henderson in 2004, are now opening their own restaurants. Margot recalls early criticism of their food for being too “brown” but he is now ____47____ the aesthetic, “We love brown. It's about letting it be.” She has become known for improving English classics like Lancashire hot pot and boiled ham with parsley sauce, arguing that while British food is gentle and simple, “simple is not easy.” “It’s the care for ____48____ that’s really coming into play now,” says Will Lewis, a chef who has worked at both St. John Bread and Wine and Rochelle Canteen. In 2020, he founded Willy’s Pies, seeking to revive the meat pie, a centuries-old staple that had been neglected in recent decades. “People have found short cuts and so everyone has the ____49____ that it should be cheaper rather than focusing on its quality,” he explains. He now sells pies with traditional fillings like chicken and beef, using prime _____50_____ from grass-fed animals, as well as versions with less common stuffings, such as oxtail with oyster, a specialty of London’s historic pie and mash shops. III. Reading Comprehension（45分） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. I want to be successful. That person is successful. So that person can teach me how to be successful. This deduction helps explain the flood of podcasts, books and speeches devoted to the secrets of high ____51____. It is one reason why executive-leadership courses draw on case studies from well beyond business. And it has been much in evidence before and during the 2024 Paris Olympics. Consultancies ask what CEOs can learn from the world’s best athletes. Executives attend events in which Olympians describe what ____52____ their excellence. Articles breathlessly assess the leadership qualities of Simone Biles, an American gymnast who pulled out of the Tokyo games and made a triumphant ____53____ in Paris. Bob Bowman, a swimming coach, wrote a book called “The Golden Rules”, based on his success in guiding Michael Phelps to greatness. There are ____54____ that connect sporting success and business success. Getting to the games requires intense dedication and hard work. Sporting excellence ____55____ on the efforts of multiple people, not just a single individual. The people on the podium（领奖台）in Paris are competitive and resilient. It is true that all these things are helpful in the workplace, but so is being able to ____56____ yourself-a tailored outfit can be as strategic. Some things simply don’t need saying. If some of the similarities between sports and the workplace are the stuff of cliche, many of the differences are too big to be helpful. Sporting contests have the ____57____ clarity of finishing positions; most jobs ____58____ such simple benchmark. A four-year Olympic cycle ____59____ to a contest that may last only seconds has few obvious equivalents in business. The athletes who win medals at the games are ____60____ not just with enormous determination but also immense natural gifts. The job of managers is partly to identify such superstars, but their real task is getting the best out of a workforce whose jobs will not depend as heavily on ____61____.” The comparisons between sports and business do reveal some interesting parallels, although they are not necessarily the ones you might expect. In her book “The Long Win”, Cath Bishop, a former Olympian consultant, describes that only focusing on winning can be ____62____ whether you are in a singlet（运动背心） or a suit. That’s why elite athletes increasingly like to talk about trusting in the process — focusing on the performance rather than on the results. Also, ____63____ the way a business decision is made from its actual outcome is a(n) ____64____ that companies might benefit from, too. The pressure on competitive sports teams to cut corners in pursuit of success can lead to toxic cultures and outright cheating, just as it can within firms. But these ____65____ are not really why people listen to the podcasts or turn up at the events. They want a simple formula for success. And they want to hear what it is like to run faster and jump higher than anyone else. 51. A. potential B. performance C. progress D. ability 52 A. stand for B. result from C. make up D. contribute to 53. A. attempt B. difference C. return D. decision 54. A. threads B. joints C. paths D. trends 55. A. stands B. feeds C. rests D. lies 56. A. exhibit B. dress C. refresh D. present 57. A. objective B. ultimate C. internal D. delicate 58 A. adopt B. possess C. boost D. lack 59. A. appealing B. building C. adding D. submitting 60. A. filled B. rewarded C. blessed D. associated 61. A. power B. acquisition C. strategies D. genetics 62. A. challenging B. ruinous C. essential D. inevitable 63. A. divorcing B. departing C. varying D. telling 64. A. phase B. factor C. aspect D. discipline 65. A. relationships B. similarities C. distinctions D. equivalents Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The Shadow Library Berlin, 1942. The air was thick with fear. The city was choked by silence. The Nazi regime had extinguished dissent (分歧), while a quiet resistance was taking shape — not with weapons, but with words. Anna Keller, a former literature student at the University of Berlin, understood the power of books. The Nazis had declared war on free thought, reducing thousands of books to ashes in public bonfires, their flames reflecting the growing darkness of the era. After the first time Anna had witnessed such a fire of burning books, she made her decision: if the Nazis sought to erase knowledge, she would preserve it. With the help of her former professor, Herr Fischer, and a handful of like-minded intellectuals, they began to smuggle banned books into a forgotten wine cellar beneath an old bookshop. Its owner, a weary and arrogant man, had seen too many of his customers disappear in the dead of night. He understood the risks but handed Anna the key without hesitation. Shelves were packed with volumes deemed dangerous by the regime — works on philosophy, history, political theory, and poetry that spoke of liberty. The group called their refuge Die Schattenbibliothek — The Shadow Library. Every evening, they gathered to read and remember that another world had once existed — a world where ideas could flourish unchained. In that small space, whispered words became acts of rebellion. However, in a city where betrayal hid behind every corner, secrecy was fragile. One evening, as Anna left the bookstore, she noticed a man hanging around the street, his gaze lingering on her a moment too long. An informant, perhaps. The next day, a warning arrived — someone had reported “subversive (颠覆性的) activities” at the shop. Time was running out. That night they worked quickly. Books were smuggled out in baskets, hidden in attics, and buried beneath floorboards. By dawn, the cellar stood empty, except for dust and a lingering scent of ink. The Gestapo (纳粹秘密警察) arrived hours later. They tore through the shop, upturned shelves, interrogated Herr Fischer. But they found nothing in the shop and his answers. The books, the people, the ideas — they had slipped beyond the regime’s grasp, as words so often do. Forced into hiding, Anna carried only a single book with her — a collection of Goethe’s poetry. When the war had ended and the city lay in ruins, she returned to the place where the bookstore had once stood. It was gone, reduced to rubble by Allied bombs. However, in the wreckage of a broken world, she found hope. The war had sought to silence knowledge, but knowledge had endured. 66. Why did Anna build Die Schattenbibliothek? A. To protect banned books and secretly teach people how to resist the Nazi regime. B. To establish a secret library that preserves books and serves as a refuge for intellectual discussion. C. To provide a hiding place for intellectuals and organize armed rebellion against the regime. D. To collect banned books as evidence for future trials against the Nazis. 67. Why did the author mention the shop owner? A. To show that he was a contributor to the library in terms of the important shelter he provided. B. To emphasize the widespread support for the resistance movement from his previous customers in Berlin. C. To highlight the risks people were willing to take to preserve knowledge during the Nazi regime. D. To illustrate that the owner was an old acquaintance of Anna Keller and her group, which made the collaboration easier. 68. In the underlined sentence, what does “interrogated” most likely mean? A. Arrested. B. Inquired. C. Encountered. D. Attacked. 69. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To demonstrate the inhumane acts of the Nazis and evoke readers’ anger towards the Nazi regime. B. To emphasize Anna’s heroic deeds, with the intention of inspiring readers to be brave in the face of adversity. C. To illustrate the impact of Nazi rule on free thought and highlight intellectual resistance. D. To analyze the historical context of Nazi's book-burning campaigns and discuss the impact on cultural development. (B) Sizzle, Sizzle-Everything You Need to Know About Frypans &Skillets Whether making a curry or a Sunday breakfast, a frypan is an essential kitchen tool. Also called a skillet or open French skillet, this versatile cookware allows for frying, searing, and browning However, with so many options available, choosing the right one can be overwhelming. Size Matters: Selecting the right size depends on your cooking needs. Frypans typically range from 20cm to 32cm in diameter: ● 20cm frypans: Ideal for 1-2 people, perfect for small gas hobs (炉盘) and portioned cooking. However, they are unsuitable for cooking larger ingredients like steaks. ● 24cm-26cm frypans: The most reliable choice, serving 1-3 people. They work well for eggs, vegetables, steaks, and fish, making them a great addition to any kitchen. ● 26cm-28cm frypans: More versatile, serving 1-4 people. Ideal for larger meals like curries or pasta sauces, though slightly bulky for those with smaller hands. ● 30cm-32cm frypans: Designed for family-sized portions, whole fish, and T-bone steaks. They require large hobs and can be challenging to maneuver (调动) due to their big-size. Material Choices: Once size is determined, selecting the material is key. Three primary options exist: Nonstick: This easy-to-clean choice prevents food from sticking and requires less oil, making it ideal for health-conscious cooks. However, its surface is relatively delicate, so frequent use of it requires nylon or wooden utensils to avoid scratches. Stainless steel: Known for its sleek appearance and excellent heat conduction, stainless steel is highly durable and perfect for searing meat at high temperatures. It requires more upkeep but can last over a decade. Hard anodized aluminum (阳极电镀铝): Made from electrochemically treated aluminum, this material is twice as strong as stainless steel, highly stick-resistant, and heats evenly. It withstands metal utensils and is dishwasher safe, making it a favorite among chefs. Handle Considerations Often overlooked, a frypan’s handle significantly impacts usability. A strong handle that remains cool on the stovetop enhances safety and control. Wider handles improve grip, particularly for tossing food. Stainless steel handles tolerate high temperatures better than plastic, silicone or ceramic, making them ideal for durability. By considering size, material, and handle type, you. can find a frypan that ensures convenience and longevity in the kitchen. Happy shopping, and bon appétit! 70. Which frypan size and material would be the best choice for someone who lives in a bachelor pad, makes simple breakfasts and cooks steak with little oil? A. 20cm nonstick. B. 24cm-26cm nonstick. C. 26cm-28cm stainless steel frypan. D. 30cm-32cm hard anodized aluminum frypan. 71. Jason is a professional chef who frequently tosses fish and cooks steaks at high temperatures. Which frying pan and handle type is most suitable for him? A. Nonstick frypan with a wide plastic handle. B. Stainless steel frypan with a wide stainless steel handle. C. Hard anodized aluminum frypan with a narrow ceramic handle. D. Hard anodized aluminum frypan with a narrow stainless handle. 72. Why might a professional chef prefer a hard anodized aluminum frypan over a nonstick one? A. It is more resistant to scratches and supports metal utensils. B. It requires less oil, making it a healthier option. C. It requires less follow-up maintenance. D. It has a nonstick surface that eliminates the need for cleaning. (C) Last September e-commerce giant Amazon acquired Twitch, a video company, for $970 million. Not long ago a new billion-dollar company would have been a boon to job creation. Yet Twitch employs just 170 workers. The story of Twitch illustrates an important lesson about the digital economy: at the same time it has produced enormous wealth for shareholders and entrepreneurs, it has resulted in few new jobs. In fact, the digitization of the economy may have far-reaching implications for the future of growth and employment. In a series of recent articles on the state of the digital economy, former U. S. treasury secretary Lawrence Summers referred to the notion of secular stagnation, an idea first presented by economist Alvin Hansen during the Great Depression. Hansen’s theory suggested that as population growth slows and the rate of capital-absorbing innovation (that is, investment opportunities created by the arrival of new technologies) slows down, investment will fall, leading to slower economic growth and fewer new jobs. During the growth miracle of the post-war period, Hansen’s theory proved spectacularly wrong. Technological advances during the 1930s and the increase in capital investment associated with World War Ⅱ did enough to promote the economy. After that, the baby boomer generation entered the workforce, pushing the economy ahead. Then, in the 1980s and 1990s, investment in computer and information-processing equipment emerged, facilitating a wide range of entirely new computer-related occupations. But after 2000, when the first wave of IT investment peaked, the demand for new work in the U. S. declined. Without new job-creating industries to take the place of those that came before, the economy might stop developing. The problem is that most industries formed since 2000, electronic auctions, Internet news publishers, social-networking sites, and video-and audio-streaming services, all of which appeared in official industry classifications for the first time in 2010, employ far fewer people than earlier computer-based industries. The reason these businesses create so few jobs is that they require so little capital to get started. According to a recent survey of 96 mobile app developers, for example, the average cost to develop an app was $6,453. Instant-messaging software firm WhatsApp started with $250,000; it employed just 55 workers at the time Facebook announced it was buying the company for $19 billion. All explains why new technologies throughout the 2000s have brought forth so few new jobs. According to my own research with Thor Berger of Lund University in Sweden, in 2010 only-about 0.5 percent of the U. S. workforce was employed in industries that did not exist a decade earlier. 73. According to the first two paragraphs Twitch is a company that ______. A. owns a large market share B. is a traditional retail business C. brings promising future for employment D. generates wealth with relatively fewer employees 74. Which of the following statements is true of secular stagnation? A. After World War II, it was proven to be a valid concept. B. It foresaw the rise of rapidly developing IT technology. C. It was unknown until Lawrence Summers brought it up. D. It accounted for fewer job opportunities against the digital economy background. 75. The survey and its results are mentioned in the last paragraph in order to ______ A. Illustrate the limited number of jobs that mobile app developers generated at the start. B. Emphasize the fact that the digitalization of the economy will be a long-term feature. C. Prove that secular stagnation has occurred despite the new industries. D. Show how minimal the capital that new businesses needed was when they started. 76. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The baby boomer generation witnessed a decline in the rate of economic growth. B. Old industries contribute more to the labor market than newly-emerged ones. C. The future direction of the digital economy’s development is still undetermined. D. As a company’s dependence on technology increases, its need for employees decreases. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are TWO MORE sentences than you need. Deep Dives Free diving is a perilous sport. Divers swimming underwater without oxygen tanks, frequently black out from low oxygen and put themselves at risk of drowning. Marine mammals such as seals, by contrast, can spend most of their lives below the surface without running such risks. A paper published in Science on March 20th explains why: seals can apparently sense how much oxygen they have in their blood and plan their actions accordingly. When a mammal holds its breath, the amount of oxygen in the body begins to decrease, while the amount of carbon dioxide steadily climbs. In humans low levels of oxygen mostly do not ring any alarm bells on their own — it is high levels of carbon dioxide that eventually produce the unpleasant urge to breathe. ____77____. That led Chris McKnight, a marine biologist at the University of St Andrews, to wonder if the animals could also sense oxygen. To test the idea, he and his team placed six wild-caught seals in a tank which included an underwater feeding station at one end and a “breathing chamber”, in which the seals could pop up to breathe, at the other. The air in that chamber was then set to one of four conditions: normal air (21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide, plus other gases); air with reduced oxygen (11%); elevated oxygen (50%); and elevated carbon dioxide (8%). ____78____. The results suggested otherwise. When there was more oxygen, the seals extended their dives by an average of 14 seconds. When there was less oxygen, they shortened them by roughly half a minute. ____79____. In other words, the seals seemed able to perceive how much oxygen they had left and then adjust their dives. Dr McKnight believes that this ability may be common to marine mammals and other diving species, and could have evolved as an important defense against drowning. Previous studies suggest the tufted duck, snapping turtles and Nile crocodiles might be similarly sensitive. ____80____. It is also unclear how diving animals might perceive oxygen differently from surface-dwelling animals and what it feels like to them. Andrew Binks, a physiologist at Virginia Tech, has previously shown that expert divers can use an impending sense of black-out, caused by low oxygen, as a cue to resurface. How seals perform the same feat, however, remains a mystery. A. The experiment demonstrated that seals rely equally on oxygen and carbon dioxide levels to regulate their dives. B. As seals dive more frequently and for longer than humans do, the range of carbon dioxide in their bodies varies more widely. C. Pinning down how widespread this ability is will take more research. D. If the seals were, like humans, more sensitive to carbon dioxide, their behavior would be identical in all but the final condition. E. Figuring out how the ability of sensing carbon dioxide evolved in different species needs further research. F. The high carbon dioxide condition, by contrast, produced no statistically significant effect. IV. Translation（3+3+4+5=15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 81. 他刚回到家，墙上就出现了巨大裂缝，让他呆在原地。（barely）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 82. 这座养老院充分展示了真正的尊重在于给予良好的照护而非提供豪华的设施。（illustrate）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 83. 即使在千里之外，游子（wanderer）也能通过熟悉的食物获得慰藉，用家常滋味缓解思念。（relieve, whose）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 84. 经历过人生的起起伏伏，这位长跑运动员终于明白，成功既需要日复一日的坚持，也需要关键时刻的战略性决策。（dawn）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________ V. Writing（15分） 85. Read the following notice from your school’s Physical Education Committee: Dear Students, To improve the quality of PE courses, the school is collecting feedback on current arrangements. Some students have raised concerns about post-class fatigue during exams, insufficient class duration, and other issues. We encourage you to share your experiences and suggestions for adjustments. Your input will directly influence future PE curriculum planning. Yours thankfully, Physical Education Committee Directions: Write TWO paragraphs (100-120 words in total) to propose ONE specific improvement for PE classes. Your paragraphs should include: 1. A brief description of your concerns with PE classes based on your personal experience. 2. A clear suggestion for improvement, supported by relevant reasoning or examples. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高一年级英语期中考试试卷 （考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分） I. Listening Comprehension（25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper; and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Coworkers. B. Client and community worker. C. Neighbours. D. Patient and doctor. 2. A. At the school gate. B. At a department store. C. At a crossroads. D. At an airport. 3. A. He owes the woman a favour. B. This game level is rather easy. C. He doesn’t like playing video games. D. The woman should ask somebody else. 4. A. It requires work-life balance. B. It is hard to carry out. C. It needs more discussion. D. It is favourable. 5. A. Why her son wants to go out. B. How her son has performed in his test. C. Whether her son has finished his homework. D. When her son doubled-checked his assignments. 6. A. She knows a lot about Thai food. B. She has never tried Thai food before. C. She loves Thai food for its rich flavors. D. She dislikes Thai food because it’s spicy. 7. A. He is quite interested in the club. B. He wonders what activities the club will do. C. He has designed an experiment for the club. D. He is surprised that the woman will join the club. 8. A. The players are great. B. They have a good coach. C. She used to be a team member. D. She wants to improve her skills. 9. A. It is almost done. B. It has been submitted. C. He will add some numbers to it. D. He needs the woman’s help with it. 10. A. To monitor her improvement. B. To ensure her safety. C. To encourage her in words. D. To show her how to lift a weight. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will. be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Why there are 24 time zones. B. How important sun times were. C. How time zones came into being. D. Why sun times varies from time to time. 12. A. The long distance between towns. B. The development of rail transport. C. The moving of the sun from east to west. D. The establishment of a world committee. 13 A. It was where the rail system started. B. It was where the calendar date shifted. C. It was where the International Date Line was. D. It was where the center of the first time zone was. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A protein might help reduce anxiety. B. A protein is regarded as a cause of anxiety. C. A protein helps brain cells grow more quickly. D. A protein is found to be a sure way to cure anxiety. 15. A. They removed a part of the brain. B. They fed them with neurotrophin-3 directly. C. They put the monkeys in threatening situations. D. They used a virus to increase neurotrophin-3 levels. 16. A. They draw too much attention. B. They are not as common as thought. C. They have been treated in effective ways. D. They make many people unable to go to work. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Super cold seawaters. B. The ruins of an ancient ship. C. Icefish nests on the ocean floor. D. A new species of deep-sea creatures. 18. A. It was a chance discovery. B. It was a long-awaited discovery. C. The discovery was made by divers. D. The discovery was made by satellites. 19. A. Around 17,000 eggs are laid by one fish. B. Icefish stock their food under the sea floor. C. The dads are responsible for protecting the nests. D. Icefish can survive in both warm and cold waters. 20. A. They doubt its significance. B. They think it needs more evidence. C. They find it incredible and fascinating. D. They believe it is an overestimated finding. II. Grammar and Vocabulary（50分） Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 1. What’s in a name? ______ which we call a rose ______ smell as sweet by any other name. A. What; should B. That; would C. That; should D. What; would 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查代词和情态动词。句意：名为何物？譬若玫瑰：任改其名，其香如故。which we call a rose是定语从句，故第一空应用代词that；第二空表示“会”，用情态动词would。本句改编自莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中“What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet by any other name.”。故选B项。 2. ______ Jess claims about the situation possibly be accurate, given all the contradictory evidence? A. Can what B. Must what C. Can that D. Must that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词和主语从句。句意：鉴于所有相互矛盾的证据，杰斯所说的关于这种情况的话可能是准确的吗？本空引导主语从句，从句Jess claims about the situation缺少宾语，所以用what引导，排除C和D项；结合句意可知，此处表示一种可能性，所以此处需用情态动词can“可能”。一般疑问句中，must意为“非要”，不符合题意。故选A。 3. Successful leaders understand that to make informed decisions, they must ______ the inherent complexity of issues, considering all perspectives before acting. A. seek B. embody C. crack D. appreciate 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功的领导者明白，为了做出明智的决定，他们必须认识到问题的内在复杂性，在行动之前考虑所有的角度。A. seek寻找；B. embody体现；C. crack破裂；D. appreciate理解，认识。根据下文的complexity可知，此处是指“理解、认识到”问题的复杂性。故选D项。 4. After searching anxiously for hours, he finally discovered his lost passport hidden beneath a pile of documents and let out a deep sigh ______, his shoulders relaxing as the tension that had gripped him all day slowly faded. A. on the spot B. on the roll C. in relief D. in a shock 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。 句意：焦急地寻找了几个小时后，他终于在一堆文件下发现了丢失的护照，并深深地如释重负地叹了一口气，肩膀放松了，一整天的紧张情绪慢慢消散。A. on the spot当场，立即；B. on the roll一帆风顺；运气好；C. in relief如释重负地，松了一口气；D. in a shock震惊地。根据下文“his shoulders relaxing as the tension that had gripped him all day slowly faded.”可知，终于在一堆文件下发现了丢失的护照，并深深地如释重负地叹了一口气。故选C项。 5. Despite being known for his charismatic presentations, Steve Jobs was unaware ________ a significant impact his words had on the audience, as they were not only captivated by his talent but were also inspired to value accumulation and cherish time. A. of how B. of what C. that how D. that what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、感叹句。句意：尽管史蒂夫·乔布斯以其有魅力的演讲而闻名，但他并没有意识到自己的话对观众产生了多么重大的影响，因为他们不仅被他的才华所吸引，而且还被激励去重视积累，珍惜时间。be unaware of sth.表示“没有意识到某事”，of后为宾语从句。从句是一个感叹句结构，“What+(a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语”、“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”，根据a significant impact his words had on the audience可知，用what。故选B。 6. Which one of the sentences is CORRECT? A. Having been operated twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up. B. If he did say that this morning, he can’t have been telling the truth. C. He seemed to not grasp what she really meant. D. I think in my mind that not all juvenile delinquents are too tough to return to good. 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查句子。句意：哪个句子是正确的？。选项A中“Having been operated twice…” 错误。表示“给……做手术”时需搭配介词on，正确表达应为“Having been operated on twice…”。选项C中seemed to not grasp…错误。动词不定式的否定形式应为not to do，正确表达应为seemed not to grasp。选项D中“I think in my mind that…” 错误，应该否定前移，正确表达应为“I don’t think in my mind that...”。选项B中“If he did say that…, he can’t have been telling the truth.” 正确。 条件句“did say”用过去时强调动作确实发生。 主句“can’t have been telling”使用“情态动词 + have been doing”结构，表示对过去正在进行的动作的否定推测（“当时不可能在说实话”）。故选B项。 7. In order to thrive in an increasingly competitive environment, individuals must ______ themselves to solving ______ challenging problems that arise, whether in their professional careers or personal development. A. focus; whichever B. apply; whatever C. appeal; whichever D. draw; whatever 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析和限定词辨析。句意：为了在竞争日益激烈的环境中茁壮成长，个人必须致力于解决出现的任何具有挑战性的问题，无论是在他们的职业生涯还是个人发展中。A. focus集中；whichever无论哪一个；B. apply勤奋工作，努力学习；whatever无论什么；C. appeal恳求，吸引；whichever无论哪一个；D. draw画，吸引；whatever无论什么。结合句意和第一空后的“to solving”可知，此处是apply oneself to doing sth“专心致力于做某事”；结合第二空后的名词短语“challenging problems”可知，此处指“无论什么具有挑战性的问题”，使用whatever。故选B。 8. If humans had not discovered ways to cultivate crops and preserve food since the ______ of civilization, the development of large settlements and trade networks ______ impossible. A. breakthrough; could have been B. origin; should have been C. dawn; would have been D. phenomenon; might have been 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析和虚拟语气。句意：如果人类从文明初期就没有发现种植作物和保存食物的方法，那么大型聚居点和贸易网络的发展是不可能的。 第一空：根据上文“If humans had not discovered ways to cultivate crops and preserve food(如果人类没有发现种植作物和保存食物的方法)”可推理出空白处应填表示“开端；黎明”含义的表达，dawn “开端；黎明”的意思，“since the dawn of civilization”表示“从文明的开端”，符合语境；breakthrough 意为“突破”；origin意为“起源；出身”；phenomenon意为“现象”，均不符合语境，所以第一空填dawn。 第二空：此句是对过去情况的虚拟，if 引导的条件句用过去完成时，主句要用“would/could/might have done”结构，故选C项。 9. Although I respect his expertise in the field of sports psychology, I ______ his comment that mental toughness is the sole factor in an athlete’s success, as it overlooks the significant role of physical conditioning, ______ planning, and team dynamics in achieving peak performance. A. take issue with; strategic B. take pity on; strategic C. make an issue of; calm D. feel pity for; calm 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析以及形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我尊重他在运动心理学领域的专业知识，但我不同意他的观点，即精神韧性是运动员成功的唯一因素，因为它忽视了身体调节、战略规划和团队动力在达到最佳表现中的重要作用。首先分析动词短语含义：“take issue with”意思是“对…… 持异议；不同意”。“take pity on”意思是“同情；怜悯”。 “make an issue of”意思是“对……小题大做；把……当作问题”。“feel pity for”意思是“同情；怜悯”，与“take pity on”意思相近。根据语境“Although I respect his expertise in the field of sports psychology, I ______ his comment that mental toughness is the sole factor in an athlete’s success”，这里表达的是虽然尊重他的专业知识，但不同意他关于精神韧性是运动员成功唯一因素的观点，所以应该用“take issue with”，这样就可以排除选项 B、C 和 D。接着分析形容词：“strategic”意思是“战略的；策略的”。“strategic planning”表示 “战略规划”，符合语境。“calm”意思是“平静的；冷静的”，“calm planning”搭配不太合理，在这种语境中不符合表达习惯。故选A项。 10. After ______ to fame with his remarkable success at the Beijing Winter Olympics, Su Yiming ______ to embrace the quiet away from the spotlight, yet now faces new challenges from even younger competitors. A. roaring; kept time off B. shooting; kept time off C. roaring; took time off D. shooting; took time off 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词以及动词短语辨析。句意：苏翊鸣在北京冬奥会取得辉煌成功后迅速成名，选择远离公众视野，但如今面临更年轻选手的挑战。roaring咆哮；轰鸣；shoot迅速成名；take time off暂停工作/休息。kept time off不守时。shoot to fame“迅速成名”符合句意；“take time off”是固定搭配，意为“暂停工作/休息”符合句意。故选D项。 11. At the annual Family Feast Symposium, researchers presented a fascinating finding: When measured by emotional satisfaction, even luxury ingredients like Japanese A5 Wagyu steak ______ never truly be ______ the humble dish made by your loved ones. A. could; competitive with B. might; competitive to C. might; competitive with D. could; competitive to 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词和介词。句意：在一年一度的家庭盛宴研讨会上，研究人员提出了一个有趣的发现：当以情感满足度来衡量时，即使是日本A5和牛这样奢华的食材，可能也无法真正与你爱人亲手做的普通菜肴相媲美。根据句意可知，空1：“could” 和 “might” 均可表示推测，但 “could” 语气更肯定，此处强调 “即使是奢华食材，也绝不可能真正比得上亲人做的家常菜(带来的情绪价值)”，用 “could”更符合语境中对可能性的明确否定。整句话里 even, never, truly 等词都在表明立场 ；空2：此处意为“与......竞争”，表达为be competitive with，故应用介词with。故选A。 12. In relationships, people need to keep an eye on ______ tries to ______ others to their will under the pretense of love or care, as such individuals often exploit emotional connections to manipulate and control others for their own benefit. A. no matter who; convince B. no matter who; bend C. whoever; bend D. whoever; convince 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查连接词和动词词义辨析。句意：在人际关系中，人们需要密切关注那些以爱或关心为借口试图让他人屈从于自己意志的人，因为这样的人经常利用情感联系来操纵和控制他人，为自己的利益服务。convince说服；bend屈从。第一个空出为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，连接词为whoever，第二个空表示“屈从”，为bend，“bend sb to one’s will”表示“使某人屈从自己的意志”。故选C项。 13. Historical anecdotes are always ______ exaggeration, but the photographer’s claim ______ he wanted to allow himself the pleasure of fooling the Nazis with the picture of a Jewish baby appears to be true. A. prone to; that B. tend to; that C. tend to; that what D. prone to; that what 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和同位语从句。句意：历史轶事总是容易被夸大，但摄影师声称他想用一个犹太婴儿的照片来愚弄纳粹分子，这一说法似乎是真实的。“be prone to”是固定短语，意为“易于……；有……倾向”，后接名词或动名词，“be prone to exaggeration”表示“容易被夸大”；“tend to do sth. (倾向于做某事)”，所以第一空用“prone to”。“he wanted to allow himself the pleasure of fooling the Nazis with the picture of a Jewish baby”是对抽象名词claim的具体内容的解释说明，是同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，用that引导，所以第二空填that。故选A项。 14. It is the unexpected ______ of the athlete during the competition, compounded by the lack of proper medical preparedness, ______ has sparked fierce debate over the safety measures in elite sports. A. crush; that B. crush; which C. collapse: that D. collapse; which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析和强调句。crush热恋，迷恋；collapse突然倒下，昏倒。句意：是运动员在比赛期间意外的晕倒，再加上缺乏适当的医疗准备，引发了关于精英体育安全措施的激烈辩论。本题是强调句结构，强调句的基本结构是“It is/was +被强调部分+that +其他部分”，本题中被强调部分是原句主语“the unexpected ______ of the athlete during the competition, compounded by the lack of proper medical preparedness”，句子其他部分由that引导，所以第二个空填that；结合句意，第一空处表示“晕倒”，用名词collapse。故选C项。 15. After ______ the misuse of food safety standards within the industry, the whistle-blower took the initiative to ______ the public of the unsafe practices, calling for immediate action to protect consumers. A. accessing; relieve B. spotting; inform C. spotting; relieve D. accessing; inform 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在发现了该行业内对食品安全标准的滥用情况之后，这位举报人主动向公众告知了这些不安全的操作行为，呼吁立即采取行动来保护消费者。对于第一个空，accessing意为“接近；使用；进入；获取（信息等）”，spotting意为“发现；认出；注意到”，结合“the misuse of food safety standards”可知，这里说的是发现食品安全标准的滥用，spotting符合语境；对于第二个空，relieve意思是“减轻；缓解；解除；使放心”，inform意思是“通知；告知”，根据“the public of the unsafe practices”可知，这里是要把不安全的情况告诉公众，inform sb. of sth.是固定短语，意为“告知某人某事”，而relieve没有这样的搭配和语义，所以应该用inform。故选B。 16. “What else?” asked Laurie, pressing me for more excuses to refuse his proposal. “Nothing more, ________ I don’t believe I ________ ever marry. I’m happy as I am, and love my liberty too well to be in any hurry to give it up for any mortal man.” A. given that; shall B. except that; shall C. given that; could D. except that; could 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词辨析和情态动词辨析。句意：“还有什么？劳里问，催促我找更多的理由拒绝他的求婚。“没有别的，除了我不相信自己会结婚。我现在很幸福，我太爱我的自由了，不会为了任何一个凡人而急于放弃它。” 分析第一个空：“Nothing more”表示“没有别的了”，后面接“except that”引导的从句，表示“除了……之外”，用来补充说明除了前面提到的事情之外，还有什么其他情况。“given that”表示“考虑到”，不符合语境，所以第一个空填 “except that”。分析第二个空：“shall”用于第一人称，表示将来的动作或状态，这里 “I shall ever marry”表示“我将会结婚”，是一种比较肯定的将来时态。“could”表示 “能够”或“可能”，语气相对较弱，不符合这里表达的 “我不相信我会结婚”这种比较肯定的态度，所以第二个空填“shall”。故选B项。 17. From a distance, Ma was hard to miss — a gray-haired runner, breathless but beaming, but up close, his voice was ______ audible, a whisper that hinted at the battles he had fought: three ______ for throat cancer left him without vocal cords. A. barely; surgeries B. ultimately; surgeons C. ultimately; surgeries D. barely; surgeons 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查副词及名词词义辨析。句意：从远处看，Ma很难被忽视——一个灰头发的跑步者，气喘吁吁但笑容满面。但近距离看，他的声音几乎听不见，只是一声低语，暗示着他经历的战斗：三次手术治疗喉癌使他失去了声带。A. barely; surgeries几乎不；手术；B. ultimately; surgeons最终；外科医生；C. ultimately; surgeries最终；手术；D. barely; surgeons几乎不；外科医生。根据空一后“a whisper”可知，他的声音基本就听不见了，应该填入barely；根据空二后的“for throat cancer”可知，他是动了手术，应该填入surgeries。故选A项。 18. With the rise of AI making average humanities students ______ in the job market, experts have suggested that humanities programs ______ cultivating students’ overall competencies rather than simply reducing enrollment. A. incompetitive; focus on B. uncompetitive; focused on C. incompetitive; focused on D. uncompetitive; focus on 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词和虚拟语气。句意：随着人工智能的崛起使得普通人文学科学生在就业市场中缺乏竞争力，专家建议人文学科项目应着重培养学生的综合能力，而非简单地缩减招生规模。首先，第一个空的选项是“incompetitive”或“uncompetitive”，“uncompetitive”是正确的拼写，而“incompetitive”不存在。第二个空，需要填入动词形式，这里考查的是suggest后面的宾语从句中的动词形式。当suggest表示“建议”时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即should + 动词原形，或者省略should，直接用动词原形。因此这里应该用“focus on”，即动词原形。故选D项。 19. She was under so much pressure at work that she felt she might ______, but in hindsight, she ______; everything turned out fine. A. overwhelm; wouldn’t have worried B. crack; wouldn’t have worried C. crack; needn’t have worried D. overwhelm; needn’t have worried 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析、情态动词。句意：她在工作中承受了很大的压力，觉得自己可能会崩溃，但事后看来，她本不必担心；一切都很好。 第一空：根据上文“She was under so much pressure at work(她在工作中承受了很大的压力)”可推理出空白处应填表示“感到崩溃”含义的表达，overwhelm 意为“使不知所措；征服”；“crack under pressure”是固定短语，表示“因压力而崩溃”，符合句意，所以第一空用crack。 第二空：根据下文“everything turned out fine(一切都很好)”可知，本句表示与过去事实相反的假设，空白处应填表示“原本不必……”含义的表达，故选 C 项。 20. ______ helping freshmen adapt to the independent lifestyle of a new stage of their lives, universities are taking measures such as organizing senior students to assist with ______ baggage and provide campus tours. A. With an eye to; transferring B. In phase with; transmitting C. In phase with; transferring D. With an eye to; transmitting 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析和动词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助新生适应生活新阶段的独立生活方式，大学正在采取措施，如组织高年级学生协助搬运行李和提供校园参观。分析句子可知，首先分析“with an eye to”和“in phase with”的区别：“with an eye to”意思是“着眼于；为了；意在”，表示目的。“in phase with”意思是“与……同相；与……一致；与……协调”。在本题中，“______ helping freshmen adapt to the independent lifestyle of a new stage of their lives”表达的是大学采取措施的目的，所以应该用“with an eye to”，这样就可以排除选项B和C。然后分析“transfer”和“transmit”的区别：“transfer”有“转移；搬运；转让”等意思，“transfer baggage”表示“搬运行李”。“transmit”意思是“传输；传播；发射”，通常用于表示传输信号、信息、疾病等。这里说的是“assist with ______ baggage”，意思是帮助搬运新生的行李，所以应该用“transfer”。故选A项。 21. As has been confirmed in many cases, a good speaker focuses equally on ______ he tells the audience and on ______ he delivers his speech, using word choice, tone, pacing, and expression to enhance the message. A. what; how B. that; how C. that; that D. what; that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：正如许多案例所证实的那样，一个好的演讲者同样关注他告诉听众的内容和他如何发表演讲，使用用词、语气、节奏和表达来强化信息。分析第一个空：“______ he tells the audience”是宾语从句，在这个从句中，tells后面缺少直接宾语，需要用连接代词what来引导，what在从句中充当宾语，表示“告诉观众的内容”。分析第二个空：“______ he delivers his speech”也是宾语从句，根据后面“using word choice, tone, pacing, and expression to enhance the message”可知，这里强调的是演讲者“如何”发表演讲，即演讲的方式，所以用连接副词how来引导。故选A项。 22. Volunteers worked tirelessly around the clock to ______ the distress of the flood victims by not only providing ______ essentials but also offering emotional support and temporary shelter to help them rebuild their lives. A. release; bare B. relieve; multiple C. release; multiple D. relieve; bare 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：志愿者们日夜不停地工作，不仅提供多种生活必需品，还给予情感支持和临时住所，以帮助洪水灾民重建生活，缓解他们的痛苦。release释放；relieve缓解；bare赤裸的；multiple多个的。根据语境，志愿者的工作目的是“减轻”洪水灾民的痛苦，所以第一个空应填动词relieve；而志愿者提供的必需品应该是“多种多样的”，所以第二个空应填形容词multiple作定语。故选B项。 23. It is a truth universally acknowledged ______ anyone calls success ______ have its roots in effort, experience, or opportunity—it does not come from nowhere. A. what; might B. that what; must C. what; must D. that what; might 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词性从句和情态动词辨析。句意：这是一条举世公认的真理：任何人所说的成功都必须植根于努力、经验或机遇——它不是凭空而来的。It是形式主语，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导主语从句，that引导的主语从句中又包含一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作calls的宾语，指物，应用what引导，结合“it does not come from nowhere”可知，成功不是凭空而来的，故第二空表示成功都必须植根于努力、经验或机遇，使用must，might表示的可能性较小，不符合题意，故选B。 24. Why ________ you put your parents on the spot like this, ________ them to choose between maintaining face in front of relatives and supporting your decisions, especially when they are already struggling to balance traditional expectations with your desire for independence? A. would; screaming B. would; compelling C. must; screaming D. must; compelling 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词和动词词义辨析。句意：为什么你偏要这样让你的父母难堪，迫使他们在亲戚面前保持面子和支持你的决定之间做出选择，尤其是当他们已经在努力平衡传统期望和你对独立的渴望时？would表示“会，愿意”；must表示“必须，偏要”，带有质问或责备的意味。第一空是在强烈地质问对方为什么非要让父母处于这种两难的境地，所以must符合语境。screaming意为“尖叫”；compelling意为“强迫，迫使”。第二空描述的是让对方在两种选择之间做出决定，这是一种“迫使，强迫”的行为，用compelling，符合语境。故选D。 25. She is ______ as a perfectionist—she constantly seeks flawlessness in everything she does, never ______ anything less than perfection. A. what is known; settling for B. whom is known; settling for C. who is known; settling on D. which is known; settling on 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句和动词短语辨析。句意：她被认为是一个完美主义者——她不断地追求她所做的一切都达到完美无缺，从不满足于低于完美的任何东西。第一空为连接词引导的表语从句，结合句意，此处描述一个概念或标签，而不是特定的人或事物，所以此处使用连接代词what；第二空为固定短语，settle for意为“勉强接受，将就”，而settle on意为“选定；决定”，结合句意，她是完美主义者，所以，此处应指的是绝不会“勉强接受”不完美的东西，符合语境，所以第二空为固定短语settle for，与逻辑主语为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式作状语。故选A项。 26. Many educators, concerned by the lack of critical thinking in today’s curriculum, think it important ______ students dare ______ conventional wisdom and engage with ideas that might not align with mainstream views. A. whether; challenge B. that; to challenge C. whether; to challenge D. that; challenge 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句及动词。句意：许多教育工作者担心当今课程缺乏批判性思维，认为让学生敢于挑战传统智慧并接触可能与主流观点不一致的思想是很重要的。第一空考查了it作形式宾语，“think it adj. +从句”，从句成分和意思完整，应该使用that引导宾语从句；第二空考查dare的用法，dare后面接to do，dare to do意思为：敢于做某事。故选B项。 27. The reason why Peking duck ______ all ages is ______ it combines rich, savory flavors with a delicate balance of textures, offering a culinary experience that resonates with both traditional tastes and contemporary palates. A. appeals to; because B. appeals; because C. appeals to; that D. appeals; why 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和表语从句。句意：北京烤鸭受各年龄段人群喜爱的原因是它将浓郁、鲜美的味道与细腻的口感完美融合，提供了一种既能迎合传统口味又能满足现代味蕾的烹饪体验。第一空处表示北京烤鸭“吸引”各年龄段人群，应用动词短语appeals to，作定语从句谓语；本句使用了固定句型“The reason why...is that...”，意为“……的原因是……”，其中that引导表语从句。故选C项。 28. Any individual who intends to ______ a medical career ______, in accordance with established regulations, complete the necessary training and pass all required examinations before being granted the professional license. A. commence; shall B. commence; ought to C. manage; ought to D. manage; shall 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和情态动词辨析。句意：任何打算开始医疗职业生涯的人都必须按照既定规定完成必要的培训并通过所有要求的考试，然后才能获得职业执照。选项中涉及的词汇：A. commence开始；shall必须，应该，用于第三人称表示法律、规定、命令等；manage管理；第一空，根据语意可知，此处指的是“开始医疗职业生涯”，所以应填入commence；第二空，根据语意可知，此处表示“必须按照既定规定完成必要的培训并通过所有要求的考试”，shall用于第三人称表示法律、规定、命令等，符合语境。故选A项。 29. The request that students ______ the campus lawn was disregarded by many, which prompted the administration to ______ severe warnings. A. are kept off; issue B. keep off; issue C. are kept off; release D. keep off; release 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气和动词词义辨析。句意：校方要求学生不得进入校园草坪的告示被多人无视，为此管理部门发出了严厉警告。句子中的request后接同位语从句，需使用虚拟语气，结构为“should + 动词原形”(should可省略)。因此，students后应为动词原形keep off (远离；避开)。选项A和C中的被动语态are kept off不符合虚拟语气规则，排除。所以第一个空格处用keep off。issue表示“正式发布（警告、声明等）”，符合administration (校方) 发出警告的语境；release多指“释放、公开信息”，与warnings搭配不当。因此第二个空格处用动词issue。故选B项。 30. I’m not sure whether the ______ steals our dawns or gifts them, but in the chase itself, we create meaning, finding purpose in the act of living. A. honor B. competition C. facility D. hustle 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不确定这种忙碌是偷走了我们的黎明还是赠予了我们黎明，但在这种追逐本身中，我们创造了意义，在生活的行动中找到了目标。A. honor荣誉；B. competition竞争；C. facility设施；D. hustle忙碌，奔波。结合句意分析，后文中提到in the chase（在这种追逐中），可以推断生活中是充满了匆忙奔波，就好像在追逐生活一样，hustle符合题意。故选D项。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. SpaceX’s Starship sees the company get closer to its reusable rocket dream On Oct 13, 2024, the US-based space tech company SpaceX successfully completed its fifth test flight of Starship, a powerful rocket, in Texas, US. This brought the company one step closer to its goal of creating reusable rockets, reported AFP. The giant rocket is 12-meter-tall and it ___31___ (consist) of two parts, the Starship spacecraft at the top and the Super Heavy rocket ___32___ (attach) below. Around seven minutes after launch, the two separated about 70 kilometers above the ground. The rocket’s booster flew back and gradually adjusted ___33___ into a standing position. Then, it began to fall, as two large mechanical arms extended from the launch tower. Like a pair of chopsticks, they “caught” the 71-meter-tall booster and brought it down to a gentle stop. Later on, the spacecraft landed in the Indian Ocean as planned. SpaceX said on its website that its engineers “spent years preparing and months testing for the booster catch attempt”. During the test, teams kept checking to ensure both the booster and the tower fit “thousands” of standards ___34___ any attempt to return the booster was made. Had the conditions not been satisfied, it would have been redirected for a splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico, as in previous tests. SpaceX was founded in 2002 with the ultimate goal of helping humans settle on the moon, Mars and beyond. The company has grown rapidly into a leader in the space industry thanks to its strategy of “fail fast, learn fast”. The Starship’s first few test flights failed due to problems___35___ explosions or a loss of contact. SpaceX sees failures as opportunities to gather data and speed up the creation of better systems than its competitors, ___36___ differs from the traditional approach of identifying and planning for potential problems before a launch, ___37___ practiced by organizations like NASA, which can be ___38___ (slow), according to The Conversation. For example, NASA’s Space Launch System-the rocket designed to take astronauts to the moon as part of the Artemis program-took over 10 years ___39___ (develop) before its first launch. Starship represents an advancement over SpaceX’s earlier reusable model, Falcon 9, as Starship’s reusable rockets ____40____ now have their tanks refilled after a quick check and get ready for the next flight again. “Starship is designed to achieve reflight of its rocket booster ultimately within an hour after liftoff,” Elon Musk said on X. 【答案】31. consists 32. attached 33. itself 34. before 35. such as 36. which 37. as 38. slower 39. to develop 40. can 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了SpaceX公司Starship项目第五次测试飞行的成功以及SpaceX在可重复使用火箭技术方面的进展。 【31题详解】 考查一般现在时。句意：这枚巨大的火箭高12米，由两部分组成，顶部是Starship飞船，下面是Super Heavy火箭。consist在句中充当谓语，根据句意，这里描述的是客观事实，需用一般现在时。故填consists。 【32题详解】 考查过去分词形式作后置定语。句意：这枚巨大的火箭高12米，由两部分组成，顶部是Starship飞船，下面是Super Heavy火箭。句子已经存在谓语consist，所以attach需要转为非谓语动词；它与Super Heavy rocket之间是被动关系，需用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填attached。 【33题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：火箭的助推器飞回并逐渐调整到直立位置。结合句意，助推器会调整自身状态，直到直立状态，这里考查短语adjust oneself into...，空格中应该填入反身代词itself，代指助推器自身。故填itself。 【34题详解】 考查连词。句意：在测试过程中，团队一直在检查以确保助推器和发射塔符合“数千条”标准，然后才尝试返回助推器。根据句意，这里表示“在助推器返回前”就应该检查各种标准，故填before。 【35题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：Starship的前几次测试飞行失败是由于爆炸或失去联系等问题。根据横线后的explosions or a loss of contact判断，这里在举例描述问题是什么，应该使用such as。故填such as。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：SpaceX将失败视为收集数据和加速创建比竞争对手更好的系统的机会，这与传统的在发射前识别和规划潜在问题的方法不同，这种方法由像NASA这样的组织实践，可能会比较缓慢，根据The Conversation的报道。这里是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是横线前的句子，关系词在从句中充当主语，应该使用which引导从句。故填which。 【37题详解】 考查连词。句意：SpaceX将失败视为收集数据和加速创建比竞争对手更好的系统的机会，这与传统的在发射前识别和规划潜在问题的方法不同，这种方法由像NASA这样的组织实践，可能会比较缓慢，根据The Conversation的报道。结合句意，这里表示“正如NASA实践的方法那样”，应该使用as。故填as。 【38题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：SpaceX将失败视为收集数据和加速创建比竞争对手更好的系统的机会，这与传统的在发射前识别和规划潜在问题的方法不同，这种方法由像NASA这样的组织实践，可能会比较缓慢，根据The Conversation的报道。根据句意，表示传统方法是“比较缓慢的”，需用slower。故填slower。 【39题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：例如，NASA太空发射系统——作为阿尔忒弥斯计划的一部分，用于将宇航员送往月球的火箭——在首次发射前花了超过10年的时间来开发。这里考查固定句型“take time to do”，意思是“花费……做……”。故填to develop。 【40题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：Starship代表了SpaceX早期可重复使用模型Falcon 9的进步，因为Starship的可重复使用火箭现在可以在快速检查后重新加油，并准备好再次飞行。根据句意，这里表示Starship现在具备了新的能力，根据句子结构，使用情态动词can和动词原形构成复合谓语。故填can。 Section C Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. A. reinterpreting B. ingredients C. favors D. cuts E. expectation F. refreshing G. embarrassing H. fare I. perception J. serves K. embracing Is British Food Still a Joke? British cuisine has long been stereotyped as bland, brown, and uninspiring. Dishes like fish pie, mushy peas, and summer pudding reinforce this ____41____. British anthropologist Kate Fox attributes this reputation to historical factors, including Puritan self-denial, the Industrial Revolution’s separation of people from the land, and wartime rationing (定量配给). Unlike the French or Italians, the English have often viewed a deep passion for food as ____42____. However, Britain's food culture has evolved. Immigration from former colonies in the mid-20th century introduced vibrant flavors, and in recent decades, London's restaurant scene has risen to a world-class level, offering everything from Thai soup to Nigerian barbecue. This has led to a renewed appreciation for traditional British ____43____ At the height of a globalized high-end food culture, which ____44____ small plates and intricate garnishes (装饰品), the stark plainness of British comfort food has begun to feel ____45____. The viral fame of “Old Dry Keith” and Burberry’s partnership with Norman’s Café, which celebrates classic greasy spoon dishes, reflecting this growing fascination. This revival is also driven by a new generation of chefs ____46____ British cuisine. St. John, the London institution run by Fergus Henderson and known for its nose-to-tail cooking, celebrated its 30th anniversary last year. Younger chefs who have passed through its kitchen, as well as that of the similarly influential Rochelle Canteen, founded by Margot Henderson in 2004, are now opening their own restaurants. Margot recalls early criticism of their food for being too “brown” but he is now ____47____ the aesthetic, “We love brown. It's about letting it be.” She has become known for improving English classics like Lancashire hot pot and boiled ham with parsley sauce, arguing that while British food is gentle and simple, “simple is not easy.” “It’s the care for ____48____ that’s really coming into play now,” says Will Lewis, a chef who has worked at both St. John Bread and Wine and Rochelle Canteen. In 2020, he founded Willy’s Pies, seeking to revive the meat pie, a centuries-old staple that had been neglected in recent decades. “People have found short cuts and so everyone has the ____49____ that it should be cheaper rather than focusing on its quality,” he explains. He now sells pies with traditional fillings like chicken and beef, using prime _____50_____ from grass-fed animals, as well as versions with less common stuffings, such as oxtail with oyster, a specialty of London’s historic pie and mash shops. 【答案】41. I 42. G 43. H 44. C 45. F 46. A 47. K 48. B 49. E 50. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇关于英国美食文化变迁的说明文，探讨了英国美食从传统印象中的单调乏味到现代多元化转变的过程，以及这一转变背后的原因和影响。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：像鱼派、泥状豌豆和夏季布丁这样的菜肴强化了这种对英国美食的刻板印象。根据句意，需要填入一个名词，表示“刻板印象”的意思，指代的是上文的“stereotype”。故选I项。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：与法国人或意大利人不同，英国人常常认为对食物的深厚热情是令人尴尬的。根据句意，法国人和意大利人都对美食有极大的热情，但是英国人感觉这种热情太尴尬了。故选G项。 43题详解】 考查名词。句意：这导致了对传统英国菜肴的新欣赏。根据句意，表示“菜肴”的意思，需用名词，fare有“车费、饭菜”等意思，符合题意。故选H项。 【44题详解】 考查动词。句意：在全球化的高端美食文化达到顶峰时，这种文化推崇小盘菜和复杂的装饰品，英国舒适食品的简单质朴开始显得令人耳目一新。根据句意，这里需要填入一个动词，表示“美食文化所推崇的是……”，可以使用favor，它做动词是“更倾向于……”的意思，符合题意。故选C项。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在全球化的高端美食文化达到顶峰时，这种文化推崇小盘菜和复杂的装饰品，英国舒适食品的简单质朴开始显得令人耳目一新。根据句意，这里应该填入一个形容词，表示全球美食文化都越来越复杂，但是英国的简洁性让人感觉耳目一新。故选F项。 【46题详解】 考查动词。句意：这一复兴还受到新一代厨师的推动，他们重新诠释了英国美食。根据句意及本段中心思想，这里需要一个动词，表示一批英国厨师开始重新诠释英国的美食文化。故选A项。 【47题详解】 考查动词。句意：玛戈特回忆起他们的食物早期因过于“棕色”而受到批评，但他现在支持这种美学，“我们喜欢棕色。让它自然就好。”根据句意，这里需要一个动词，表示他现在认同这种食品的美学，embrace有“拥抱、接受”的意思，符合题意。故选K项。 【48题详解】 考查名词。句意：现在真正发挥作用的是对食材的关心。根据下文“seeking to revive the meat pie”可推断，现在的英国厨师开始关注食谱里的食材了，ingredient意思是“材料”，在这里就是食材的意思。故选B项。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：人们发现了捷径，因此每个人都期望它应该更便宜，而不是专注于它的质量。根据句意，这里需要一个名词，表示人们对食物的期待，后面的that是一个同位语从句，解释“期待”的内容。故选E项。 【50题详解】 考查名词。句意：他现在出售传统的馅饼，如鸡肉和牛肉馅饼，使用来自草食动物的优质肉类，以及一些不太常见的馅料版本，如牛尾配牡蛎，这是伦敦传统馅饼和马什店的特色。根据句意，表示“肉类”的意思，cut作名词表示“切下来的肉”，符合题意。故选D项。 III. Reading Comprehension（45分） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. I want to be successful. That person is successful. So that person can teach me how to be successful. This deduction helps explain the flood of podcasts, books and speeches devoted to the secrets of high ____51____. It is one reason why executive-leadership courses draw on case studies from well beyond business. And it has been much in evidence before and during the 2024 Paris Olympics. Consultancies ask what CEOs can learn from the world’s best athletes. Executives attend events in which Olympians describe what ____52____ their excellence. Articles breathlessly assess the leadership qualities of Simone Biles, an American gymnast who pulled out of the Tokyo games and made a triumphant ____53____ in Paris. Bob Bowman, a swimming coach, wrote a book called “The Golden Rules”, based on his success in guiding Michael Phelps to greatness. There are ____54____ that connect sporting success and business success. Getting to the games requires intense dedication and hard work. Sporting excellence ____55____ on the efforts of multiple people, not just a single individual. The people on the podium（领奖台）in Paris are competitive and resilient. It is true that all these things are helpful in the workplace, but so is being able to ____56____ yourself-a tailored outfit can be as strategic. Some things simply don’t need saying. If some of the similarities between sports and the workplace are the stuff of cliche, many of the differences are too big to be helpful. Sporting contests have the ____57____ clarity of finishing positions; most jobs ____58____ such simple benchmark. A four-year Olympic cycle ____59____ to a contest that may last only seconds has few obvious equivalents in business. The athletes who win medals at the games are ____60____ not just with enormous determination but also immense natural gifts. The job of managers is partly to identify such superstars, but their real task is getting the best out of a workforce whose jobs will not depend as heavily on ____61____.” The comparisons between sports and business do reveal some interesting parallels, although they are not necessarily the ones you might expect. In her book “The Long Win”, Cath Bishop, a former Olympian consultant, describes that only focusing on winning can be ____62____ whether you are in a singlet（运动背心） or a suit. That’s why elite athletes increasingly like to talk about trusting in the process — focusing on the performance rather than on the results. Also, ____63____ the way a business decision is made from its actual outcome is a(n) ____64____ that companies might benefit from, too. The pressure on competitive sports teams to cut corners in pursuit of success can lead to toxic cultures and outright cheating, just as it can within firms. But these ____65____ are not really why people listen to the podcasts or turn up at the events. They want a simple formula for success. And they want to hear what it is like to run faster and jump higher than anyone else. 51. A. potential B. performance C. progress D. ability 52. A. stand for B. result from C. make up D. contribute to 53. A. attempt B. difference C. return D. decision 54. A. threads B. joints C. paths D. trends 55. A. stands B. feeds C. rests D. lies 56. A. exhibit B. dress C. refresh D. present 57. A. objective B. ultimate C. internal D. delicate 58. A. adopt B. possess C. boost D. lack 59. A. appealing B. building C. adding D. submitting 60. A. filled B. rewarded C. blessed D. associated 61. A. power B. acquisition C. strategies D. genetics 62. A. challenging B. ruinous C. essential D. inevitable 63. A. divorcing B. departing C. varying D. telling 64. A. phase B. factor C. aspect D. discipline 65. A. relationships B. similarities C. distinctions D. equivalents 【答案】51. B 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. C 56. B 57. A 58. D 59. B 60. C 61. D 62. B 63. A 64. D 65. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文，探讨了体育成功与商业成功之间的相似性和差异性。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种推论有助于解释大量播客、书籍和演讲致力于揭示高绩效的秘密。A. potential潜力；B. performance表现，绩效；C. progress进步；D. ability能力。根据前文“I want to be successful. That person is successful. So that person can teach me how to be successful.”可知，这里探讨的是成功的秘诀，与“表现”最相关。故选B项。 【52题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：高管们参加活动，奥运选手在活动中描述是什么促成了他们的卓越。A. stand for代表；B. result from由……造成；C. make up组成；D. contribute to促成，有助于。根据后文“their excellence”可知，这里探讨的是促成奥运选手卓越的因素。故选D项。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：文章热情洋溢地评估了西蒙·拜尔斯的领导才能，这位美国体操运动员退出了东京奥运会，并在巴黎取得了辉煌的回归。A. attempt尝试；B. difference差异；C. return返回；D. decision决定。根据前文“Simone Biles, an American gymnast who pulled out of the Tokyo games and made a triumphant”和后文“in Paris”可知，Simone Biles在东京退赛后再次参赛，是一种“回归”。故选C项。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一些线索将体育成功和商业成功联系起来。A. threads线索，思路；B. joints关节；C. paths路径；D. trends趋势。根据后文“that connect sporting success and business success”可知，这里指的是连接体育成功和商业成功的线索。故选A项。 【55题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：体育卓越依赖于多个人的努力，而不仅仅是一个人的努力。A. stands站立；B. feeds喂养；C. rests休息；D. lies在于。根据后文“on the efforts of multiple people”可知，这里指的是体育卓越依赖于多个人的努力。rest on意为“依赖于”。故选C项。 【56题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：诚然，所有这些事情在工作中都是有益的，但能够自我包装确实是有帮助的——一套量身定制的衣服也可以成为一种策略。A. exhibit展现；B. dress穿衣；C. refresh使恢复精力；D. present呈现。根据后文提到的“tailored outfit(定制的服装)”，可知此处应选“dress”。dress yourself即自我包装。故选B项。 【57题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：体育比赛有明确的排名结果；大多数工作缺乏如此简单的基准。A. objective客观的；B. ultimate最终的；C. internal内部的；D. delicate精致的。根据后文“clarity of finishing positions”可知，这里指的是体育比赛名次的明确性。“objective clarity”表示“客观的清晰度”，即比赛结果的明确性。故选A项。 【58题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：体育比赛有明确的排名结果；大多数工作缺乏如此简单的基准。A. adopt采用；B. possess拥有；C. boost提升；D. lack缺乏。这里是在讨论二者的区别，根据前文“Sporting contests have the __7__ clarity of finishing positions”可知，作为对比，这里指的是大多数工作缺乏像体育比赛那样简单的基准。故选D项。 【59题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个四年的奥运周期构建成一场可能只持续几秒钟的比赛，这在商业中几乎没有明显的等价物。A. appealing吸引；B. building构建；C. adding增加；D. submitting提交。根据后文“to a contest that may last only seconds”可知，这里指的是奥运周期构建成一场短暂的比赛。build to，含义为“构建到”。故选B项。 【60题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在奥运会上获得奖牌的运动员不仅拥有巨大的决心，还拥有巨大的天赋。A. filled填充；B. rewarded奖励；C. blessed祝福，赋予；D. associated联系。根据后文“not just with enormous determination but also immense natural gifts”可知，这里指的是运动员被赋予了巨大的决心和天赋。“blessed with”表示“被赋予”，用来描述天赋非常贴切。故选C项。 【61题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经理们的任务是识别这样的超级明星，但他们真正的工作是从那些不完全依赖基因的员工中挖掘出最好的表现。A. power力量；B. acquisition获得；C. strategies策略；D. genetics遗传，基因。根据前文提到的“natural gifts”，可知此处应选“genetics”。故选D项。 【62题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在她的书《长胜》中，前奥运选手顾问凯斯·毕晓普描述了只关注胜利是如何具有毁灭性的，无论你是穿着运动背心还是西装。A. challenging具有挑战性的；B. ruinous毁灭性的；C. essential必不可少的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据后文“toxic cultures（有毒文化）”，可知，这里指的是只关注胜利的负面影响，这是毁灭性的。故选B项。 【63题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，将商业决策的方式与其实际结果分开是一种公司也可能从中受益的纪律。A. divorcing使脱离；B. departing离开；C. varying变化；D. telling告诉。根据后文“the way a business decision is made from its actual outcome”可知，这里指的是将商业决策的制定方式与其实际结果分开。divorce...from...意为“使……与……脱离”。故选A项。 【64题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，将商业决策的方式与其实际结果分开是一种公司也可能从中受益的纪律。A. phase阶段；B. factor因素；C. aspect方面；D. discipline纪律。根据前文“__13__ the way a business decision is made from its actual outcome”可知，此处需要一个表示“行为规范”的词，“discipline”最合适。故选D项。 【65题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这些相似之处并不是人们听播客或参加活动的原因。A. relationships关系；B. similarities相似之处；C. distinctions区别；D. equivalents等价物。根据前文第7空前提到的“similarities”，可知前文反复讨论的是相似性，此处应选“similarities”。故选B项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The Shadow Library Berlin, 1942. The air was thick with fear. The city was choked by silence. The Nazi regime had extinguished dissent (分歧), while a quiet resistance was taking shape — not with weapons, but with words. Anna Keller, a former literature student at the University of Berlin, understood the power of books. The Nazis had declared war on free thought, reducing thousands of books to ashes in public bonfires, their flames reflecting the growing darkness of the era. After the first time Anna had witnessed such a fire of burning books, she made her decision: if the Nazis sought to erase knowledge, she would preserve it. With the help of her former professor, Herr Fischer, and a handful of like-minded intellectuals, they began to smuggle banned books into a forgotten wine cellar beneath an old bookshop. Its owner, a weary and arrogant man, had seen too many of his customers disappear in the dead of night. He understood the risks but handed Anna the key without hesitation. Shelves were packed with volumes deemed dangerous by the regime — works on philosophy, history, political theory, and poetry that spoke of liberty. The group called their refuge Die Schattenbibliothek — The Shadow Library. Every evening, they gathered to read and remember that another world had once existed — a world where ideas could flourish unchained. In that small space, whispered words became acts of rebellion. However, in a city where betrayal hid behind every corner, secrecy was fragile. One evening, as Anna left the bookstore, she noticed a man hanging around the street, his gaze lingering on her a moment too long. An informant, perhaps. The next day, a warning arrived — someone had reported “subversive (颠覆性的) activities” at the shop. Time was running out. That night they worked quickly. Books were smuggled out in baskets, hidden in attics, and buried beneath floorboards. By dawn, the cellar stood empty, except for dust and a lingering scent of ink. The Gestapo (纳粹秘密警察) arrived hours later. They tore through the shop upturned shelves, interrogated Herr Fischer. But they found nothing in the shop and his answers. The books, the people, the ideas — they had slipped beyond the regime’s grasp, as words so often do. Forced into hiding, Anna carried only a single book with her — a collection of Goethe’s poetry. When the war had ended and the city lay in ruins, she returned to the place where the bookstore had once stood. It was gone, reduced to rubble by Allied bombs. However, in the wreckage of a broken world, she found hope. The war had sought to silence knowledge, but knowledge had endured. 66. Why did Anna build Die Schattenbibliothek? A. To protect banned books and secretly teach people how to resist the Nazi regime. B. To establish a secret library that preserves books and serves as a refuge for intellectual discussion. C. To provide a hiding place for intellectuals and organize armed rebellion against the regime. D. To collect banned books as evidence for future trials against the Nazis. 67. Why did the author mention the shop owner? A. To show that he was a contributor to the library in terms of the important shelter he provided. B. To emphasize the widespread support for the resistance movement from his previous customers in Berlin. C. To highlight the risks people were willing to take to preserve knowledge during the Nazi regime. D. To illustrate that the owner was an old acquaintance of Anna Keller and her group, which made the collaboration easier. 68. In the underlined sentence, what does “interrogated” most likely mean? A. Arrested. B. Inquired. C. Encountered. D. Attacked. 69. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To demonstrate the inhumane acts of the Nazis and evoke readers’ anger towards the Nazi regime. B. To emphasize Anna’s heroic deeds, with the intention of inspiring readers to be brave in the face of adversity. C. To illustrate the impact of Nazi rule on free thought and highlight intellectual resistance. D. To analyze the historical context of Nazi's book-burning campaigns and discuss the impact on cultural development. 【答案】66. B 67. C 68. B 69. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了二战期间柏林的一个秘密图书馆——“影子图书馆”，以及安娜·凯勒和她的同伴们如何通过保存被禁书籍来抵抗纳粹政权的故事。 【66题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“After the first time Anna had witnessed such a fire of burning books, she made her decision: if the Nazis sought to erase knowledge, she would preserve it. With the help of her former professor, Herr Fischer, and a handful of like-minded intellectuals, they began to smuggle banned books into a forgotten wine cellar beneath an old bookshop. Its owner, a weary and arrogant man, had seen too many of his customers disappear in the dead of night. He understood the risks but handed Anna the key without hesitation. Shelves were packed with volumes deemed dangerous by the regime — works on philosophy, history, political theory, and poetry that spoke of liberty. The group called their refuge Die Schattenbibliothek — The Shadow Library.(在安娜第一次目睹了这样的焚书大火后，她做出了决定：如果纳粹试图抹去知识，她就会保存它。在她以前的教授费希尔先生和一些志趣相投的知识分子的帮助下，他们开始把禁书偷运到一家老书店下面一个被人遗忘的酒窖里。它的老板是一个疲惫而傲慢的人，他看到太多的顾客在深夜凭空消失。他明白其中的风险，但毫不犹豫地把钥匙交给了安娜。书架上摆满了被政权视为危险的书籍——涉及哲学、历史、政治理论和诗歌的自由著作。该组织称他们的避难所为“影子图书馆”)”和第四段的句子“Every evening, they gathered to read and remember that another world had once existed — a world where ideas could flourish unchained.(每天晚上，他们聚在一起读书，回忆曾经存在过的另一个世界——一个思想可以不受束缚地蓬勃发展的世界)”可知，安娜创建“影子图书馆”的目的是为了保存被禁书籍，并为思想交流提供一个避难所。故选B项。 【67题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“With the help of her former professor, Herr Fischer, and a handful of like-minded intellectuals, they began to smuggle banned books into a forgotten wine cellar beneath an old bookshop. Its owner, a weary and arrogant man, had seen too many of his customers disappear in the dead of night. He understood the risks but handed Anna the key without hesitation.(在前任教授费舍尔先生和几位志同道合的知识分子协助下，他们开始将禁书偷运至一家老书店地下被遗忘的酒窖中。店主是个疲惫而倨傲的男人，早已目睹太多顾客在深夜里人间蒸发。他清楚其中风险，却毫不犹豫地将钥匙交给了安娜)”可推知，作者提到书店老板是为了突出人们在纳粹统治下为了保存知识所愿意承担的风险。故选C项。 【68题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线句子中的“The Gestapo (纳粹秘密警察) arrived hours later. They tore through the shop, upturned shelves(纳粹秘密警察破门而入。他们粗暴地搜查书店，掀翻书架)”和下文的“But they found nothing in the shop(但他们在书店里什么也没找到)”可知，纳粹秘密警察是来搜查东西的，所以他们肯定会审问在场的赫尔·费舍尔。由此可知，interrogated的意义为“讯问；审问”，与inquired意义一致。故选B项。 【69题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段的“The Nazis had declared war on free thought, reducing thousands of books to ashes in public bonfires, their flames reflecting the growing darkness of the era.(纳粹向自由思想宣战，在公共场所的篝火中将成千上万本书化为灰烬，熊熊的火焰反映出那个时代日益黑暗的一面)”和最后一段的“However, in the wreckage of a broken world, she found hope. The war had sought to silence knowledge, but knowledge had endured.(然而，在这个破碎世界的废墟中，她找到了希望。战争试图压制知识，但知识却经久不衰)”可知，文章的主要目的是通过讲述安娜和她的同伴们创建“影子图书馆”的故事，展示纳粹统治对自由思想的影响，并突出知识分子的抵抗。故选C项。 (B) Sizzle, Sizzle-Everything You Need to Know About Frypans &Skillets Whether making a curry or a Sunday breakfast, a frypan is an essential kitchen tool. Also called a skillet or open French skillet, this versatile cookware allows for frying, searing, and browning However, with so many options available, choosing the right one can be overwhelming. Size Matters: Selecting the right size depends on your cooking needs. Frypans typically range from 20cm to 32cm in diameter: ● 20cm frypans: Ideal for 1-2 people, perfect for small gas hobs (炉盘) and portioned cooking. However, they are unsuitable for cooking larger ingredients like steaks. ● 24cm-26cm frypans: The most reliable choice, serving 1-3 people. They work well for eggs, vegetables, steaks, and fish, making them a great addition to any kitchen. ● 26cm-28cm frypans: More versatile, serving 1-4 people. Ideal for larger meals like curries or pasta sauces, though slightly bulky for those with smaller hands. ● 30cm-32cm frypans: Designed for family-sized portions, whole fish, and T-bone steaks. They require large hobs and can be challenging to maneuver (调动) due to their big-size. Material Choices: Once size is determined, selecting the material is key. Three primary options exist: Nonstick: This easy-to-clean choice prevents food from sticking and requires less oil, making it ideal for health-conscious cooks. However, its surface is relatively delicate, so frequent use of it requires nylon or wooden utensils to avoid scratches. Stainless steel: Known for its sleek appearance and excellent heat conduction, stainless steel is highly durable and perfect for searing meat at high temperatures. It requires more upkeep but can last over a decade. Hard anodized aluminum (阳极电镀铝): Made from electrochemically treated aluminum, this material is twice as strong as stainless steel, highly stick-resistant, and heats evenly. It withstands metal utensils and is dishwasher safe, making it a favorite among chefs. Handle Considerations Often overlooked, a frypan’s handle significantly impacts usability. A strong handle that remains cool on the stovetop enhances safety and control. Wider handles improve grip, particularly for tossing food. Stainless steel handles tolerate high temperatures better than plastic, silicone or ceramic, making them ideal for durability. By considering size, material, and handle type, you. can find a frypan that ensures convenience and longevity in the kitchen. Happy shopping, and bon appétit! 70. Which frypan size and material would be the best choice for someone who lives in a bachelor pad, makes simple breakfasts and cooks steak with little oil? A. 20cm nonstick. B. 24cm-26cm nonstick. C. 26cm-28cm stainless steel frypan. D. 30cm-32cm hard anodized aluminum frypan. 71. Jason is a professional chef who frequently tosses fish and cooks steaks at high temperatures. Which frying pan and handle type is most suitable for him? A. Nonstick frypan with a wide plastic handle. B. Stainless steel frypan with a wide stainless steel handle. C. Hard anodized aluminum frypan with a narrow ceramic handle. D. Hard anodized aluminum frypan with a narrow stainless handle. 72. Why might a professional chef prefer a hard anodized aluminum frypan over a nonstick one? A. It is more resistant to scratches and supports metal utensils. B. It requires less oil, making it a healthier option. C. It requires less follow-up maintenance. D. It has a nonstick surface that eliminates the need for cleaning. 【答案】70. B 71. B 72. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了煎锅的相关知识。 【70题详解】 细节理解题。根据Size Matters:部分中“24cm-26cm frypans: The most reliable choice, serving 1-3 people. They work well for eggs, vegetables, steaks, and fish, making them a great addition to any kitchen.(24-26厘米的煎锅：最可靠的选择，可供1-3人使用。它们适合烹饪鸡蛋、蔬菜、牛排和鱼，是任何厨房的绝佳选择)”和Nonstick:部分中“This easy-to-clean choice prevents food from sticking and requires less oil, making it ideal for health-conscious cooks.(不粘煎锅：这种易于清洁的选择能防止食物粘锅，且需要的油较少，是注重健康的厨师的理想选择)”可知，对于独居、做简单早餐且用少量油煎牛排的人来说，24-26厘米的不粘煎锅是最佳选择。故选B项。 【71题详解】 细节理解题。根据Stainless steel:部分中“Known for its sleek appearance and excellent heat conduction, stainless steel is highly durable and perfect for searing meat at high temperatures.(不锈钢：以其光滑的外观和出色的导热性而闻名，不锈钢非常耐用，非常适合高温煎肉)”和Handle Considerations部分中“Wider handles improve grip, particularly for tossing food. Stainless steel handles tolerate high temperatures better than plastic, silicone or ceramic, making them ideal for durability. (较宽的手柄能改善抓握感，尤其在翻炒食物时。不锈钢手柄比塑料、硅胶或陶瓷手柄更能耐受高温，因此是耐用性的理想选择)”可知，对于经常翻炒鱼并高温煎牛排的专业厨师来说，带有宽不锈钢手柄的不锈钢煎锅最合适。故选B项。 【72题详解】 细节理解题。根据Nonstick:部分中“This easy-to-clean choice prevents food from sticking and requires less oil, making it ideal for health-conscious cooks. However, its surface is relatively delicate, so frequent use of it requires nylon or wooden utensils to avoid scratches.(不粘煎锅：这种易于清洁的选择能防止食物粘锅，且需要的油较少，是注重健康的厨师的理想选择。然而，它的表面相对脆弱，因此频繁使用时需要使用尼龙或木制餐具以避免刮伤)”和Hard anodized aluminum (阳极电镀铝):部分中“Made from electrochemically treated aluminum, this material is twice as strong as stainless steel, highly stick-resistant, and heats evenly. It withstands metal utensils and is dishwasher safe, making it a favorite among chefs.(阳极电镀铝：由经过电化学处理的铝制成，这种材料的强度是不锈钢的两倍，高度防粘，且受热均匀。它能耐受金属餐具，可放入洗碗机清洗，是厨师们的最爱)”可知，专业厨师更喜欢阳极电镀铝煎锅而不是不粘煎锅，是因为它更耐刮擦且能使用金属餐具。故选A项。 (C) Last September e-commerce giant Amazon acquired Twitch, a video company, for $970 million. Not long ago a new billion-dollar company would have been a boon to job creation. Yet Twitch employs just 170 workers. The story of Twitch illustrates an important lesson about the digital economy: at the same time it has produced enormous wealth for shareholders and entrepreneurs, it has resulted in few new jobs. In fact, the digitization of the economy may have far-reaching implications for the future of growth and employment. In a series of recent articles on the state of the digital economy, former U. S. treasury secretary Lawrence Summers referred to the notion of secular stagnation, an idea first presented by economist Alvin Hansen during the Great Depression. Hansen’s theory suggested that as population growth slows and the rate of capital-absorbing innovation (that is, investment opportunities created by the arrival of new technologies) slows down, investment will fall, leading to slower economic growth and fewer new jobs. During the growth miracle of the post-war period, Hansen’s theory proved spectacularly wrong. Technological advances during the 1930s and the increase in capital investment associated with World War Ⅱ did enough to promote the economy. After that, the baby boomer generation entered the workforce, pushing the economy ahead. Then, in the 1980s and 1990s, investment in computer and information-processing equipment emerged, facilitating a wide range of entirely new computer-related occupations. But after 2000, when the first wave of IT investment peaked, the demand for new work in the U. S. declined. Without new job-creating industries to take the place of those that came before, the economy might stop developing. The problem is that most industries formed since 2000, electronic auctions, Internet news publishers, social-networking sites, and video-and audio-streaming services, all of which appeared in official industry classifications for the first time in 2010, employ far fewer people than earlier computer-based industries. The reason these businesses create so few jobs is that they require so little capital to get started. According to a recent survey of 96 mobile app developers, for example, the average cost to develop an app was $6,453. Instant-messaging software firm WhatsApp started with $250,000; it employed just 55 workers at the time Facebook announced it was buying the company for $19 billion. All explains why new technologies throughout the 2000s have brought forth so few new jobs. According to my own research with Thor Berger of Lund University in Sweden, in 2010 only-about 0.5 percent of the U. S. workforce was employed in industries that did not exist a decade earlier. 73. According to the first two paragraphs, Twitch is a company that ______. A. owns a large market share B. is a traditional retail business C. brings promising future for employment D. generates wealth with relatively fewer employees 74. Which of the following statements is true of secular stagnation? A. After World War II, it was proven to be a valid concept. B. It foresaw the rise of rapidly developing IT technology. C. It was unknown until Lawrence Summers brought it up. D. It accounted for fewer job opportunities against the digital economy background. 75. The survey and its results are mentioned in the last paragraph in order to ______ A. Illustrate the limited number of jobs that mobile app developers generated at the start. B. Emphasize the fact that the digitalization of the economy will be a long-term feature. C. Prove that secular stagnation has occurred despite the new industries. D. Show how minimal the capital that new businesses needed was when they started. 76. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The baby boomer generation witnessed a decline in the rate of economic growth. B. Old industries contribute more to the labor market than newly-emerged ones. C. The future direction of the digital economy’s development is still undetermined. D. As a company’s dependence on technology increases, its need for employees decreases. 【答案】73. D 74. D 75. D 76. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字经济的现状以及它对经济增长和就业的深远影响。 【73题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Yet Twitch employs just 170 workers. (然而，Twitch公司仅仅雇佣了170名员工。)”以及第二段“at the same time it has produced enormous wealth for shareholders and entrepreneurs, it has resulted in few new jobs. (与此同时，它为股东和企业家创造了巨额财富，但却几乎没有带来新的就业机会。)”可知，Twitch这家公司为股东和企业家创造了巨大财富，但员工数量却很少，即它以相对较少的员工创造了财富。故选D。 【74题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Hansen’s theory suggested that as population growth slows and the rate of capital-absorbing innovation slows down, investment will fall, leading to slower economic growth and fewer new jobs. (汉森的理论认为，随着人口增长放缓以及吸收资本的创新速度减慢，投资将会减少，进而导致经济增长放缓，新的就业机会也会减少。)”以及第四段 “Without new job-creating industries to take the place of those that came before, the economy might stop developing.(如果没有能够创造新就业机会的产业来取代之前的产业，经济可能会停止发展。)”和第五段“The problem is that most industries formed since 2000... employ far fewer people than earlier computer-based industries. (问题是，自2000年以来形成的大多数行业，如电子拍卖、互联网新闻出版商、社交网站和视频和音频流媒体服务，所有这些行业都是在2010年首次出现在官方行业分类中，它们雇佣的员工远远少于早期的计算机行业。)”可知，在数字经济背景下，世俗停滞理论解释了为什么新工作机会减少。故选D。 【75题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to a recent survey of 96 mobile app developers, for example, the average cost to develop an app was $6,453. Instant-messaging software firm WhatsApp started with $250,000; it employed just 55 workers at the time Facebook announced it was buying the company for $19 billion. (例如，根据最近一项针对96名移动应用开发者的调查显示，开发一款应用程序的平均成本为6453美元。即时通讯软件公司WhatsApp创业时的启动资金为25万美元；在脸书宣布以190亿美元收购该公司时，它仅雇佣了55名员工。)”可知，通过这些数据和例子是为了证明这些新企业起步时所需的资金非常少，这解释了为什么它们创造的工作岗位少。故选D。 【76题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The problem is that most industries formed since 2000, electronic auctions, Internet news publishers, social-networking sites, and video-and audio-streaming services, all of which appeared in official industry classifications for the first time in 2010, employ far fewer people than earlier computer-based industries. (问题是，自2000年以来形成的大多数行业，如电子拍卖、互联网新闻出版商、社交网站和视频和音频流媒体服务，所有这些行业都是在2010年首次出现在官方行业分类中，它们雇佣的员工远远少于早期的计算机行业。)”可推知，老行业比新兴行业对劳动力市场的贡献更大。故选B。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are TWO MORE sentences than you need. Deep Dives Free diving is a perilous sport. Divers, swimming underwater without oxygen tanks, frequently black out from low oxygen and put themselves at risk of drowning. Marine mammals such as seals, by contrast, can spend most of their lives below the surface without running such risks. A paper published in Science on March 20th explains why: seals can apparently sense how much oxygen they have in their blood and plan their actions accordingly. When a mammal holds its breath, the amount of oxygen in the body begins to decrease, while the amount of carbon dioxide steadily climbs. In humans low levels of oxygen mostly do not ring any alarm bells on their own — it is high levels of carbon dioxide that eventually produce the unpleasant urge to breathe. ____77____. That led Chris McKnight, a marine biologist at the University of St Andrews, to wonder if the animals could also sense oxygen. To test the idea, he and his team placed six wild-caught seals in a tank which included an underwater feeding station at one end and a “breathing chamber”, in which the seals could pop up to breathe, at the other. The air in that chamber was then set to one of four conditions: normal air (21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide, plus other gases); air with reduced oxygen (11%); elevated oxygen (50%); and elevated carbon dioxide (8%). ____78____. The results suggested otherwise. When there was more oxygen, the seals extended their dives by an average of 14 seconds. When there was less oxygen, they shortened them by roughly half a minute. ____79____. In other words, the seals seemed able to perceive how much oxygen they had left and then adjust their dives. Dr McKnight believes that this ability may be common to marine mammals and other diving species, and could have evolved as an important defense against drowning. Previous studies suggest the tufted duck, snapping turtles and Nile crocodiles might be similarly sensitive. ____80____. It is also unclear how diving animals might perceive oxygen differently from surface-dwelling animals and what it feels like to them. Andrew Binks, a physiologist at Virginia Tech, has previously shown that expert divers can use an impending sense of black-out, caused by low oxygen, as a cue to resurface. How seals perform the same feat, however, remains a mystery. A. The experiment demonstrated that seals rely equally on oxygen and carbon dioxide levels to regulate their dives. B. As seals dive more frequently and for longer than humans do, the range of carbon dioxide in their bodies varies more widely. C. Pinning down how widespread this ability is will take more research. D. If the seals were, like humans, more sensitive to carbon dioxide, their behavior would be identical in all but the final condition. E. Figuring out how the ability of sensing carbon dioxide evolved in different species needs further research. F. The high carbon dioxide condition, by contrast, produced no statistically significant effect. 【答案】77. B 78. D 79. F 80. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了海豹能够感知血液中氧气含量并据此规划行动，而人类则主要对高二氧化碳水平有呼吸反应，科学家通过实验验证了海豹这种独特的氧气感知能力，并且提到这种能力可能在其他海洋哺乳动物和潜水物种中普遍存在，但仍有许多问题有待研究。 【77题详解】 根据上文 “In humans low levels of oxygen mostly do not ring any alarm bells on their own — it is high levels of carbon dioxide that eventually produce the unpleasant urge to breathe.(在人类中，低氧水平本身大多不会敲响任何警钟——最终是高二氧化碳水平产生了令人不快的呼吸冲动)” 以及下文 “That led Chris McKnight, a marine biologist at the University of St Andrews, to wonder if the animals could also sense oxygen.(这使得圣安德鲁斯大学的海洋生物学家克里斯・麦克奈特想知道这些动物是否也能感知氧气)” 可推知，此处需要说明海豹与人类在呼吸调节方面的差异，从而引出对海豹感知氧气能力的研究。选项 B“由于海豹比人类潜水更频繁、时间更长，它们体内二氧化碳的范围变化更广泛” 指出了海豹因潜水习性导致体内二氧化碳变化大，不能仅依赖二氧化碳调节呼吸，所以科学家才会猜想其可能感知氧气，故选B。 【78题详解】 根据下文 “The results suggested otherwise. When there was more oxygen, the seals extended their dives by an average of 14 seconds. When there was less oxygen, they shortened them by roughly half a minute.(结果却并非如此。当氧气含量增加时，海豹的潜水时间平均延长了 14 秒。当氧气含量减少时，它们的潜水时间缩短了大约半分钟)” 可知，实验结果表明海豹对氧气变化敏感，而非二氧化碳。那么空格处应是实验的假设前提，即如果海豹像人类一样对二氧化碳更敏感，其行为应该是怎样的。选项D“如果海豹像人类一样对二氧化碳更敏感，除了最后一种条件外，它们在所有条件下的行为都应该是相同的” 符合这一逻辑，与后文的实验结果形成对比，故选D。 【79题详解】 根据下文“In other words, the seals seemed able to perceive how much oxygen they had left and then adjust their dives.(换句话说，海豹似乎能够感知它们还剩下多少氧气，然后调整它们的潜水行为)” 可知，前文应是具体描述海豹对氧气敏感，而对二氧化碳不敏感的实验结果。选项 F“相比之下，高二氧化碳条件没有产生统计学上的显著影响” 与前文氧气浓度变化对海豹潜水时间的显著影响形成对比，验证了海豹对氧气的敏感性，故选F。 【80题详解】 根据下文“It is also unclear how diving animals might perceive oxygen differently from surface - dwelling animals and what it feels like to them.(目前还不清楚潜水动物与陆生动物对氧气的感知有何不同，以及它们对此有何感觉)” 可知，关于潜水动物感知氧气的能力，还有很多未知需要研究。选项 C“确定这种能力的普遍性需要更多的研究”引出了后文关于未知问题的讨论，故选C。 IV. Translation（3+3+4+5=15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 81. 他刚回到家，墙上就出现了巨大裂缝，让他呆在原地。（barely）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 【答案】He had barely returned home when a huge crack appeared on the wall, leaving him standing still. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定句型、非谓语动词。句子描述过去的情况，“刚刚……就……”使用固定句型had barely done sth.…when...，主语“他”he，“刚回到家”使用过去完成时had barely returned home，表示动作发生在另一个过去的动作之前；“巨大裂缝”a huge crack，“出现”appear，动词使用过去式形式作谓语，为一般过去时，“在墙上”on the wall，“让他呆在原地”leave him standing still，其中stand与逻辑主语him之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式作宾语补足语，且动词leave使用现在分词形式，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故翻译为He had barely returned home when a huge crack appeared on the wall, leaving him standing still. 82. 这座养老院充分展示了真正的尊重在于给予良好的照护而非提供豪华的设施。（illustrate）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 【答案】This nursing home fully illustrates that true respect lies in giving good care rather than providing luxurious facilities. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词和短语。句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时。“这座养老院”翻译为this nursing home，在句中作主语；“充分”用副词fully；“展示”用动词illustrate作谓语，主语是this nursing home，谓语动词用三单形式illustrates，后面跟that引导的宾语从句；“真正的尊重”翻译为true respect，作从句的主语；“在于”用动词短语lie in，作从句的谓语，respect是不可数名词，谓语动词用三单形式lies；“给予良好的照护”翻译为give good care，作介词in的宾语，give用动名词形式giving；“而非”用rather than；“提供豪华的设施”翻译为provide luxurious facilities，与giving good care是并列关系，provide用动名词形式。故整句翻译为This nursing home fully illustrates that true respect lies in giving good care rather than providing luxurious facilities. 83. 即使在千里之外，游子（wanderer）也能通过熟悉的食物获得慰藉，用家常滋味缓解思念。（relieve, whose）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 【答案】Even if they are thousands of miles away, wanderers can find comfort through familiar food, whose homely taste can relieve their homesickness. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句、定语从句和固定短语。表示“即使”用even if，引导让步状语从句，Even if they are thousands of miles away表示“即使在千里之外”，其中they指代wanderers，are是系动词，thousands of miles away是表语，描述距离状态。表示“游子”用wanderers，为主句的主语。表示“能”用can，表示“获得慰藉”用find comfort。表示“通过熟悉的食物”用through familiar food是方式状语。whose homely taste can relieve their homesickness是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词familiar food，其中whose在从句中作定语，修饰homely taste，表示所属关系，即“食物的”。homely taste是从句的主语，can relieve是谓语，their homesickness是宾语，relieve表示“缓解”，homesickness表示“乡愁，思念”。整个句子描述的是一般事实，所以主句和从句都用一般现在时。故翻译为Even if they are thousands of miles away, wanderers can find comfort through familiar food, whose homely taste can relieve their homesickness. 84. 经历过人生的起起伏伏，这位长跑运动员终于明白，成功既需要日复一日的坚持，也需要关键时刻的战略性决策。（dawn）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 【答案】After going through the ups and downs of life, it dawned on the long-distance runner that success required not only day-in, day-out perseverance but also strategic decisions at critical moments. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、动词短语和名词短语。“起起伏伏”可以翻译为the ups and downs；“终于明白”可以使用固定句型it dawns on sb. that...，“既……也”可以使用句型not only...but also...；“日复一日的坚持”可以翻译为day-in, day-out perseverance；“关键时刻的战略性决策”可以翻译为strategic decisions at critical moments。这个句子表示已经发生的事情，应该整体使用一般过去时。故整句可翻译为After going through the ups and downs of life, it dawned on the long-distance runner that success required not only day-in, day-out perseverance but also strategic decisions at critical moments. V. Writing（15分） 85. Read the following notice from your school’s Physical Education Committee: Dear Students, To improve the quality of PE courses, the school is collecting feedback on current arrangements. Some students have raised concerns about post-class fatigue during exams, insufficient class duration, and other issues. We encourage you to share your experiences and suggestions for adjustments. Your input will directly influence future PE curriculum planning. Yours thankfully, Physical Education Committee Directions: Write TWO paragraphs (100-120 words in total) to propose ONE specific improvement for PE classes. Your paragraphs should include: 1. A brief description of your concerns with PE classes based on your personal experience. 2. A clear suggestion for improvement, supported by relevant reasoning or examples. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 As a senior student, I often feel exhausted after intense PE classes during exam periods. Last month, after a 45-minute basketball session, I struggled to concentrate on math revision due to muscle soreness and fatigue. Many classmates share this concern, as post-exercise tiredness negatively impacts our study efficiency when we need mental clarity most. To address this, I suggest adjusting PE class intensity during exam weeks. Instead of competitive sports, teachers could organize low-intensity activities like yoga or stretching. These exercises maintain physical health without causing excessive fatigue. For instance, our neighboring school introduced meditation-based PE during exams, reporting 30% fewer students complaining about post-class tiredness. This modification would better balance physical exercise and academic demands. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据个人经历，简要描述对体育课的关注以及明确的改进建议，并有相关的推理或例子支持。 【详解】1.词汇积累 解决：address→solve 疲惫：exhausted→tired 影响：impact→influence 例如：for instance→for example 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：Instead of competitive sports, teachers could organize low-intensity activities like yoga or stretching. These exercises maintain physical health without causing excessive fatigue. 拓展句：Instead of competitive sports, teachers could organize low-intensity activities like yoga or stretching because these exercises maintain physical health without causing excessive fatigue. 点睛】【高分句型1】Many classmates share this concern, as post-exercise tiredness negatively impacts our study efficiency when we need mental clarity most.（运用了as引导原因状语从句和when引导时间状语从句） 【高分句型2】To address this, I suggest adjusting PE class intensity during exam weeks.（运用了不定式短语作目的状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $