英语（上海专用）-2025年高考终极押题猜想

2025年高考终极押题猜想（上海专用） 高分的秘密武器：核心密押+精准预测 模块一：语法填空·核心必刷 2 猜想一 高频语法点密押（时态/非谓语/从句） 2 模块二：选词填空·高分秘诀 20 猜想二：选词填空词性破题（动词/名词/形容词） 20 模块三：完形填空·提分锦囊 39 猜想三：记叙文完形（情感线索+情节推理） 39 猜想四：说明文完形（科学术语+逻辑衔接） 52 模块四：阅读理解·题型全突破 77 猜想五：应用文阅读（广告/通知/实用指南） 77 猜想六：记叙文阅读（情感故事/成长励志） 89 猜想七：说明文阅读（科普/社会现象深度解析） 113 猜想八：六选四高分突破（逻辑衔接+上下文推理） 139 模块五：概要写作·化繁为简 155 猜想九：说明文/议论文概要写作（科技创新/社会现象） 155 模块六：翻译·高分秘籍 173 猜想十：翻译考点突破（文化/科技/价值观） 173 模块七：书面表达·万能模板 187 猜想十一：应用文写作（书信/邮件/演讲稿） 187 模块八：热点素材·预测押题 211 猜想十二：2025必考话题（AI技术/环保/文化自信） 211 4 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 模块一：语法填空·核心必刷 猜想一 高频语法点密押（时态/非谓语/从句） 押题解读 押题依据：往年高考知识点分布 年份 语法填空 2023上海秋考 介词1；代词1；冠词0；非谓语3；时态语态1；情态动词1；定从1；名从1；状从1 2023上海春考 介词1；代词1；冠词0；非谓语3；时态语态2；定从1；名从1；状从1 2022上海秋考 介词1；代词1；冠词1；非谓语3；时态语态2；定从1；名从1；状从0 2022上海春考 介词1；代词1；冠词0；非谓语3；时态语态1；定从1；名从2；状从1 2021上海秋考 介词1；代词1；冠词0；非谓语3；时态语态2；定从1；名从1；状从1 2021上海春考 介词1；代词1；情态1；非谓语3；祈使句1；定从1；名从1；状从1 2020上海秋考 介词1；助动词1；形容词最高级1；非谓语2；时态语态2；定从1；名从1；状从1 2020上海春考 介词1；代词1；冠词0；非谓语2；时态语态2；定从1；名从2；状从1 考点分析 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 有提示词 形容词/ 副词 原 级 1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形 2、修饰比较级最高级的词 3、less/least+adj/adv情况 4、双写+er的单词 比较级 最高级 动词 时态语态 1、各种时态的标志词以及特征 2、主动表被动情况 不定式 1、不定式作主宾表定状补 2、动名词作主宾表定 3、分词作表定状补 4、各种非谓语的时态语态 动名词 分 词 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 无提示词 冠词 定冠词/不定冠词 判断语境是特指还是非特指 介词 搭配及其他 熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法 代词 人称物主代词 1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分 2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语 3、代词作定语 不定代词 反身单词 动词 情态动词 观察语境中暗含的情感和态度 助动词/系动词 倒装情况 从属连词 定语从句 1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法 2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long....情况 3、表语从句连接词as if，because 名词性从句 状语从句 强调句 并列连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系 2025年命题趋势： 2025年上海卷语法填空题将延续“语法为基，语境为翼”的命题思路，强调语法规则的实际应用与复杂语境的综合分析能力。考生需通过系统化语法体系构建、高频错题定向突破及跨学科语料积累，最终实现从“规则记忆”到“灵活运用”的能力跃迁。 一、命题特点分析 1. 语境化与实用性并重 趋势：语法填空不再孤立考查语法规则，而是将语法融入科技、生态、文化等真实语境中，强调“用语言解决实际问题”。 2. 复合句结构占比提升 趋势：增加定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句的嵌套结构，考查逻辑分析能力。 3. 动词相关考点强化 高频考点： 动词时态与语态（尤其过去完成时、被动语态）；非谓语动词（不定式表目的、分词作状语）；情态动词表推测（must have done, could possibly） 4. 逻辑衔接词隐性考查 趋势：减少显性连词（如and, but），增加隐性逻辑关系词（如therefore, however, consequently）。 二、备考策略建议 1. 话题专项突破 科技类：精读《Nature》科技新闻，积累“algorithm optimization”“quantum computing”等术语的语法搭配。 生态类：训练被动语态与数据描述句式（如“A 30% surge in...”）。 文化类：掌握“heritage preservation”“cultural identity”等短语的介词搭配（如“preservation of”）。 2. 语法能力强化 动词专项：每日分析2-3句含复杂动词结构的真题（如虚拟语气、非谓语作后置定语）。 逻辑衔接训练：梳理“因果、对比、递进”关系词在不同语境中的替换表达。 3. 真题逆向拆解 近5年真题分析：统计高频考点分布。 错误选项归类：建立错题本，标注“主谓一致陷阱”“时态混淆”等典型错误类型。 4. 跨学科知识储备 关注“东数西算”工程、碳交易机制等政策文件双语版，积累专业表述（如“data center colocation”）。 2025年上海高考英语语法填空将呈现“语境深度绑定国家战略、语法能力融合逻辑思维”的命题特征。考生需以话题词汇库为基础，以复合句分析为核心，以真题逻辑拆解为路径，在“语法精准性”与“语境适应性”间找到平衡，方能在新高考中稳操胜券。 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Future living: what will the home of tomorrow look like? What will our homes be like in the future? Growing cities, shrinking living spaces, and climate change are major challenges 1 (face) urban planners and architects. We’re sharing three trends with you 2 will shape the home we live in tomorrow. Energy efficient and carbon neutral One of the greatest challenges for homes of the future is our increasing energy consumption, something that cannot be covered by fossil fuels going forward. 3 the impact of climate change becoming notable, it’s perfectly understandable that the buildings of the future could function as environmentally friendly power plants. Solar collectors and heat storage systems allow 4 are known as ‘plus-energy buildings’ to produce 100 percent renewable energy for emission-free operation. The trend to downsizing Living more efficiently not only means improving energy use and reducing one’s own carbon footprint, but also building to save space. Rooms 5 (design) to be multifunctional when there’s not a dedicated room available for every potential purpose. Modular and flexible furnishing systems that can be adapted to the individual floor space and room zones will replace 6 (fix) structures, ensuring that there’s room for everything even in a small space.   Trends for living and working under one roof Over the last few months, the office 7 (become) a feature in many people’s homes. For a number of years now, the home office has been evolving from a make-do desk into a comfortable long-term solution. This development means we need to ask 8 how we should construct our living spaces to allow us to concentrate and work productively.   9 you rent or own your own home in the future, what’s clear is that the home of tomorrow will be smarter, more flexible, and more sustainable. It will offer us space 10 (live), sleep and work both indoors and outdoors. 【答案】 1．facing 2．that/which 3．With 4．what 5．will be designed 6．fixed 7．has become 8．ourselves 9．Whether 10．to live 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了未来家居发展的三个主要趋势：能源高效和碳中和趋势、小型化趋势以及居住和工作一体化趋势。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：城市发展、居住空间缩小和气候变化是城市规划者和建筑师面临的主要挑战。“(face) urban planners and architects”作后置定语，face(面临，面对)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语challenges之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填facing。 2．考查定语从句。句意：我们将与大家分享三个趋势，它们将塑造我们未来的家园。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词three trends，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that或which。 3．考查with复合结构。句意：随着气候变化的影响越来越明显，未来的建筑可以作为环保发电厂是完全可以理解的。“ the impact of climate change becoming notable”作原因状语，其中becoming是非谓语动词，该结构不是完整的句子，可用介词with构成with复合结构作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填With。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：太阳能集热器和蓄热系统允许所谓的“附加能源建筑”产生100%的可再生能源，实现零排放运行。“ are known as ‘plus-energy buildings’”是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“被称为的‘附加能源建筑’的事物”，用连接代词what引导该从句并在句中作主语。故填what。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：当没有一个专门的房间可以用于每个潜在的用途时，房间将被设计成多功能的。分析句子可知，design(设计)是主句中谓语动词，与主语Rooms之间是被动关系，根据语境可知，文中描述的是将来的情况，应使用一般将来时态。综上，谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be designed。 6．考查形容词。句意：模块化和灵活的家具系统可以适应单独的楼层空间和房间区域，将取代固定的结构，确保即使在小空间中也有空间容纳所有东西。提示词作定语，用形容词fixed，意为“固定的”。故填fixed。 7．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几个月里，办公室已经成为许多人家里的一个特色。分析句子可知，become(成为)是句中谓语动词，与主语the office之间是主动关系，结合时间状语Over the last few months可知，描述从几个月前持续到现在的动作，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态，单数形式。故填has become。 8．考查反身代词。句意：这种发展意味着我们需要问自己，我们应该如何构建我们的生活空间，使我们能够集中精力，高效地工作。根据句意，句中表示“我们需要问自己”，主语和宾语是同一对象，用反身代词ourselves作宾语。故填ourselves。 9．考查状语从句。句意：无论你将来是租房还是买房，有一点是明确的，那就是未来的家将会更智能、更灵活、更可持续。“ you rent or own your own home in the future”是让步状语从句，结合句中or可知，用连词whether...or...引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……还是……”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Whether。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：它将为我们提供室内外生活、睡眠和工作的空间。“ live, sleep and work”作后置定语，描述了space的用途，即“这个空间是为了居住、睡眠和工作而提供的”，用不定式可以表达一个具体的、尚未发生的动作，符合句中对未来场景的描述。故填to live。 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Du Fu is considered to be one of the 1 ( great) poets of the Tang Dynasty in China. His mother died while he was young, and 2 aunt helped raised him. Though he studied for the civil service exam to become a civil servant like his father, Du Fu failed 3 ( pass ) and spent many years traveling. His early poems combined incidents from his travels 4 the hardships he experienced. DuFu 5 (appoint) registrar(登记员) in the prince’s palace, but the An Lushan Rebellion(叛乱) of 755 prevented him from 6 (occupy) the post. The rebellion, 7 lasted for nearly eight years, severely disrupted Chinese society. In these years, he led a hard life, writing poems about the events he witnessed. DuFu 8 (final) moved to Sichuan, where he lived in a cottage and 9 (write) many poems describing his relatively happy life. His last years were spent moving from place to place , including a two-year period at Kuizhou. He is described as a poet-historian, and his works record many political and social 10 ( event). 【答案】 1．greatest 2．an 3．to pass 4．with 5．was appointed 6．occupying 7．which 8．finally 9．wrote 10．events 【导语】这是一篇人物传记。介绍了唐朝著名诗人杜甫的一生。 1．考查形容词最高级。句意：杜甫被认为是中国唐代最伟大的诗人之一。“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定搭配，表示“最……之一”。故填greatest。 2．考查冠词。句意：在他很小的时候他的母亲就去世了，一位姑妈将他抚养长大。分析可知，可数名词单数aunt是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定。因发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然杜甫为了成为像他父亲一样的官员而参加了科举考试，但他没有通过，花了很多年的时间旅行。fail to do sth“没有做成某事”是固定用法，不定式作宾语。故填to pass。 4．考查介词。句意：他早期的诗把他的旅行经历和他所经历的苦难结合起来。combine ... with ... “把……和……结合起来”是固定搭配。故填with。 5．考查时态语态。句意：杜甫被任命为太子宫的书记官，但755年的安禄山叛乱阻止了他担任这一职务。谓语动词appoint和主语之间是被动关系，根据上下文可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。主谓一致，主语为单数名词。故填was appointed。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：杜甫被任命为太子宫的登记员，但755年的安禄山叛乱阻止了他担任这一职务。介词from后应用动名词作宾语。故填occupying。 7．考查定语从句。句意：这场持续了近8年的叛乱严重扰乱了中国社会。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为rebellion，关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主语，指代事物。故填which。 8．考查副词。句意：杜甫最后搬到了四川，住在一间茅屋里，写了许多诗来描述他相对幸福的生活。修饰动词用副词。故填finally。 9．考查时态。句意：杜甫最后搬到了四川，住在一间茅屋里，写了许多诗来描述他相对幸福的生活。分析可知，本句为一般现在时，and连接并列谓语，应用其过去式和前文lived并列。故填wrote。 10．考查名词复数。句意：他被称为诗人史学家，他的作品记录了许多政治和社会事件。根据前文many可知，此处应用可数名词复数作宾语。故填events。 Passage 2 The ancient wisdom of Sun Tzu’s “The Art of War” continues to strike a chord, transcending (超越) time and borders, and has now inspired the youth of Kenya. Kenyatta University, Kenya’s second oldest university, recently set up a Study House of Sun Tzu, 1 his influential books are on display and available for reading by local students, opening a window 2 them to delve into Chinese culture, philosophy, and the strategic wisdom that has withstood 3 test of time. Eddy Paul Kirimi, a 20-year-old student at the university, said that Sun Tzu’s works have profoundly influenced his understanding of life and work, emphasizing the 4 (virtue) of determination and strategic thinking. His understanding deepened later with a six-month language course in Shandong, China, where he not only experienced Chinese traditions but also recognized the 5 (grow) importance of cross-cultural competence as Chinese businesses expand in Kenya. Phyllis Wahura Maina, another student at the university, 6 (embrace) Sun Tzu’s philosophy since she started reading the book, allowing it 7 (shape) her approach to life’s challenges. “His wisdom is a beacon, guiding us to think proactively and 8 (strategic),” she said, expressing her desire for a future of Sino-Kenyan cooperation 9 promises mutual growth and understanding. As the youth of Kenya engage with Sun Tzu’s 10 (time) lessons, they carry forward a legacy that knows no boundaries, a legacy that empowers them to face the future with the wisdom of the past. 【答案】 1．where 2．for 3．the 4．virtues 5．growing 6．has embraced 7．to shape 8．strategically 9．that/which 10．timeless 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了肯尼亚青年通过学习和研究《孙子兵法》，继承了跨越国界的智慧遗产，用过去的智慧来面对未来。 1．考查定语从句。句意：肯雅塔大学是肯尼亚历史第二悠久的大学，最近成立了一个Study House of Sun Tzu，在那里展出他有影响力的书籍，供当地学生阅读，为他们深入研究中国文化、哲学和经受住时间考验的战略智慧打开了一扇窗。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词Study House of Sun Tzu是地方，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。 2．考查介词。句意：肯雅塔大学是肯尼亚历史第二悠久的大学，最近成立了一个Study House of Sun Tzu，在那里展出他有影响力的书籍，供当地学生阅读，为他们深入研究中国文化、哲学和经受住时间考验的战略智慧打开了一扇窗。根据语境可知，空格处用介词for表示“为了”。故填for。 3．考查定冠词。句意：肯雅塔大学是肯尼亚历史第二悠久的大学，最近成立了一个Study House of Sun Tzu，在那里展出他有影响力的书籍，供当地学生阅读，为他们深入研究中国文化、哲学和经受住时间考验的战略智慧打开了一扇窗。空格处用定冠词the特指时间的考验，故填the。 4．考查名词的复数。句意：20岁的Eddy Paul Kirimi是该校的一名学生，他说孙子的著作深刻地影响了他对生活和工作的理解，强调了决心和战略思维的美德。virtue是可数名词，不止一种，因此空格处用复数，故填virtues。 5．考查形容词。句意：后来，他在中国山东参加了为期六个月的语言课程，加深了对中国的理解。在那里，他不仅体验了中国的传统，而且认识到随着中国企业在肯尼亚的扩张，跨文化能力越来越重要。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词importance，grow的形容词是growing，意为“增长的”。故填growing。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该校的另一名学生Phyllis Wahura Maina自从开始阅读《孙子兵法》以来，就接受了这本书，并让它影响了她应对生活挑战的方法。由since可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语Phyllis Wahura Maina是单数，因此空格处用has embraced。故填has embraced。 7．考查不定式。句意：该校的另一名学生Phyllis Wahura Maina自从开始阅读《孙子兵法》以来，就接受了这本书，并让它影响了她应对生活挑战的方法。allow sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“让某人做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to shape。故填to shape。 8．考查副词。句意：她说：“他的智慧是一盏明灯，引导我们进行积极和战略性的思考。”她希望中肯合作的未来能够相互发展和理解。空格处用副词修饰动词think，strategic的副词是strategically，意为“战略性地”，故填strategically。 9．考查定语从句。句意：她说：“他的智慧是一盏明灯，引导我们进行积极和战略性的思考。”她希望中肯合作的未来能够相互发展和理解。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词cooperation是合作，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 10．考查形容词。句意：当肯尼亚的年轻人学习孙子的永恒课程时，他们继承了一种无国界的遗产，一种使他们能够用过去的智慧面对未来的遗产。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词lessons，句子表示“当肯尼亚的年轻人学习孙子的永恒课程时”，空格处意为“永恒的”，形容词是timeless。故填timeless。 Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Imagine you are out fishing on the high seas - the wind and water are clean and comfortable and you begin bringing up your first catch of the day. That's when everything goes wrong. Your fishing nets are tangled up (缠成一团) in older, abandoned fishing tool, and you're unable to untangle them. Your equipment 1 (ruin), and all of the fish you have worked so hard to catch are trapped. They will die 2 you are unable to draw or free them. Ghost fishing has claimed yet another victim. Ghost fishing is what abandoned fishing tool does. It still catches fish, but no one benefits. Trapped fish die and attract scavengers (清道夫) 3 also get caught, creating a vicious cycle. In fact, lost fishing tool, or "ghost tool," is among 4 (great) killers in the oceans. This tool further reduces the already declining number of fish. Environmental agencies estimate that 10 percent of all seawater litter is lost or deserted fishing tool 5 (equal) 640,000 tons every year. Fortunately, these agencies are asking why this is happening and what 6 be done to stop it. It's not the intention of the majority of fishermen to lose their tool. In most circumstances bad weather is to blame. But in other cases fishermen throw their tool in the ocean on purpose, risking expensive fines. But to them, it's worth the risk 7 (free) up space onboard, cut fuel costs or avoid paying handling fees. 8 equipment loss is accidental or not, a strategy involving tool identification seems to be a practical solution. By marking tool with electronic tags and utilizing GPS technology, owners are more likely to recover lost tool and less likely to abandon it. Currently, ownership regulations are reportedly very weak. Leading the effort for tagging fishing tool and creating accountability is the GGTI (Global Ghost Tool Initiative). 9 (launch) in 2015, the GGTI is the first organization of its kind. It's brought together an organization of governments, fishing-industry executives, seafood companies and non-profits. Their efforts to get back and recycle the tool 10 (improve) marine environment, protecting fish and fishermen's way of life. Ghost fishing poses a serious threat to the fishing industry worldwide, and a global effort is needed to solve it. 【答案】 1．is ruined 2．as/because 3．which/that 4．the greatest 5．equaling 6．can 7．to free 8．Whether 9．Launched 10．will improve 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了丢失的渔具会成为海洋垃圾，伤害海洋生物，造成污染。 1．考查时态语态。句意：你的设备坏了，你辛辛苦苦捕来的鱼都被困住了。主语equipment与谓语构成被动关系，应用被动语态，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词使用is。故填is ruined。 2．考查原因状语从句。句意：他们会死，因为你无法吸引或释放他们。此处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用as或because。故填as或because。 3．考查定语从句。句意：被困的鱼死亡，吸引食腐动物，食腐动物也被捕获，形成恶性循环。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是scavengers，指物，关系词在从句作主语，应用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。 4．考查最高级。句意：事实上，丢失的捕鱼工具，或“幽灵工具”，是海洋中最大的杀手之一。根据后文in the oceans可知为最高级，前面加定冠词the。故填the greatest。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：环保机构估计，每年有10%的海水垃圾丢失或废弃的渔具，相当于64万吨。分析句子结构可知，equal与上文10 percent of all seawater litter构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填equaling。 6．考查情态动词。句意：幸运的是，这些机构正在询问为什么会发生这种情况，以及可以做些什么来阻止它。后跟动词原形，表示“能”应用情态动词can。故填can。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：但对他们来说，为了腾出船上空间、降低燃料成本或避免支付手续费，冒险是值得的。此处free作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to free。 8．考查固定句型。句意：无论设备丢失是否是偶然的，涉及工具识别的策略似乎是一个实用的解决方案。此处为句型whether…or not…表示“无论……是否”，首字母大写。故填Whether。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：成立于915年的GGTI是此类组织中的第一个。分析句子结构可知，GGTI与launch构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，首字母大写。故填Launched。 10．考查时态。句意：他们回收和循环利用这些工具的努力将改善海洋环境，保护鱼类和渔民的生活方式。表示将要发生的动作用一般将来时。故填will improve。 Passage 4 Round table The most affectionate memory of my childhood is about 1 round table. When I was still little, my entire family would reunite on almost every traditional festival to have dinner. While the grown-ups were discussing about something 2 our comprehension, we kids would be scuttling around or even crouching under the table to play hide and seek. When I got a bit older, my aunt brought back her boyfriend, a tall and shy man, and my grandma joyfully added another seat to the round table. It seemed a little bit 3 (crowded), but we all felt closer to this new family member. When I was 12, my grandpa passed away because of cancer, but when the entire family reunite once again, his chair, his bowl and his chopsticks remain the same. 4 his seat was empty, it felt like that he had never left us. We all have a table like this in our homes, which is a symbol of the reunion of our families, 5 (represent) our sentiment and attachment to our families. As a matter of fact, in China, almost everything can be solved over a round table. The marriage vows between a loving couple, the mourning of the deceased, the negotiations between business partners and a state banquet to another president from another country 6 all happen on a same round table. So I started to wonder 7 is this round table to us and its true significance starts to unfold in front of me. The food on the table may change with time; the people sitting beside it may come and go; the reasons why we come together may be various, but the sensation behind it remains, year after year, the same. Every year, an annual epic migration takes place in China. Hundreds of people, men and women, young and old, the rich and the poor, the dead and the alive, will find a way to go back home and go to the round table 8 (reunite) with their families. The power that drives him to do so has been a power that has been sustaining Chinese civilization for thousands of years. And the lives of us, or even the history of our nation have been the stories of looking for a running to the round table 9 we belong. The round table 10 (be) a symbol of the Chinese sensation. It was. It is. And it will always be. 【答案】 1．a 2．beyond 3．more crowded 4．Even if/Even though 5．representing 6．can 7．what 8．to reunite/to be reunited 9．to which 10．has been 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者对于中国家庭中象征团聚的圆桌的看法。 1．考查冠词。句意：我童年最深情的记忆是关于一张圆桌。此处table为泛指，且round是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 2．考查介词。句意：当大人们在讨论一些我们无法理解的事情时，我们这些孩子会跑来跑去，甚至蹲在桌子底下玩捉迷藏。表示“无法理解”短语为beyond one’s comprehension。故填beyond。 3．考查比较级。句意：它似乎有点拥挤，但我们都觉得离这个新的家庭成员更近了。根据后文we all felt closer可知此处为比较关系，应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more crowded。 4．考查状语从句。句意：尽管他的座位是空的，但我感觉他好像从未离开过我们。引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”应用even if或even though，首字母大写。故填Even if/ Even though。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们每个人家里都有一张这样的桌子，它象征着家人团聚，代表着我们对家人的感情和眷恋。分析句子结构可知represent与逻辑主语table构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填representing。 6．考查情态动词。句意：一对恩爱夫妻之间的结婚誓言、对死者的哀悼、商业伙伴之间的谈判以及为来自另一个国家的总统举行国宴，这些都可以在同一个圆桌上发生。后跟动词原形，结合语境表示“可以”应用情态动词can。故填can。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：所以我开始思考这个圆桌对我们有什么意义，它的真正意义开始展现在我面前。引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what。故填what。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：数以百计的人，男女老少，富人和穷人，死者和生者，都会想办法回家，坐在圆桌旁与家人团聚。分析句子结构可知reunite在句中作目的状语，应用不定式to do或表示被动用to be done形式。故填to reunite/ to be reunited。 9．考查定语从句。句意：我们的生活，甚至我们国家的历史，都是在寻找一个我们所属的圆桌。短语belong to，此处为介词+关系代词结构定语从句修饰先行词table，作介词的宾语，指物，应用which。故填to which。 10．考查时态。句意：圆桌一直是中国感情的象征。根据后文“It was. It is.”可知，表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响应用现在完成时，主语为table，助动词用has。故填has been。 Passage 5 AI Weather Forecasting Can’t Replace Humans — Yet As Hurricane Lee was curving (呈曲线) northward to the west of Bermuda in mid-September of last year, forecasters were busily consulting weather models and data from hurricane — hunter aircraft to calculate 1 the dangerous storm was likely to make landfall (着陆): New England or farther east, in Canada. The sooner the meteorologists (气象学家) could do so, the earlier they could warn those in the path of damaging wind gusts and fierce storm surges. By six days ahead of landfall, it was clear that Lee 2 (follow) the eastward path, and warnings were issued, accordingly. But aother tool — an experimental AI model called GraphCast — 3 (call) that outcome accurately three whole days before the forecasters’ traditional models. GraphCast’s prediction is a window into AI’s potential 4 (improve) weather forecasts. But whether it is a forecaster of a true sea change in the field or will simply become one of many tools 5 human forecasters consult to determine which way the winds will blow is still up in the air. GraphCast, developed by Google DeepMind, is the latest of several AI weather models 6 (release) in recent years. Google’s Metnet, first introduced in 2020, is already being used in products such as the company’s “nowcast” in its weather app. All are advertised as having an accuracy that is comparable with or higher than 7 on the best non-AI forecasting computer models and have caused a sensation in meteorology, with GraphCast 8 (cause) the most significant stir so far. The DeepMind research team had put GraphCast through its paces by feeding it historical weather data to see if it could accurately “predict” what happened. The study showed the AI performed equal to or even better than the gold standard. 9 GraphCast becomes probabilistic-- and even if the model’s resolution improves and the AI becomes more accurate in its forecasts of rain and storm intensity - modeling remains just a single component of the weather- prediction pipeline, says Hendrik Tolman, senior adviser for advanced modeling systems at the NWS. However, every expert described GraphCast and other Al models as additional devices in their tool kit. If AI 10 produce accurate forecasts quickly and cheaply, there’s no reason not to begin using it together with existing methods. But will there be a world where AI models replace physics- based models— and people -- in the future? Forecasts suggest there’s little chance. 【答案】 1．where 2．would follow 3．had called 4．to improve 5．that/which 6．released 7．that 8．causing 9．Yet 10．can 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新的人工智能天气预报系统GraphCast，但是人工智能天气预报还不能取代人类。 1．考查宾语从句。句意：去年9月中旬，当飓风“李”在西百慕大群岛附近向北偏转时，预报员正忙着参考气象模型以及飓风猎人飞机收集的数据，以计算这场危险的风暴可能登陆的地点：是新英格兰，还是更东边的加拿大。动词后是宾语从句，根据“New England or farther east, in Canada”，可知，计算飓风“李”在哪里登陆，用连接副词where引导宾语从句。故填where。 2．考查动词时态。句意：在飓风登陆前六天，已经很清楚“李”飓风将沿东向路径行进，因此发布了相应警告。根据“forecasters were busily consulting weather models and data from hurricane- hunter aircraft to calculate”可知，预测飓风“李”将会行进的路线，描述过去将要发生的事情用过去将来时‌。故填would follow。 3．考查动词时态。句意：但另一种工具——一个名为GraphCast的实验性人工智能模型——在预报员的传统模型之前整整三天就准确预测出了这一结果。根据“three whole days before”可知，描述过去之前发生的事情用过去完成时。故填had called。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：GraphCast的预测让我们看到了人工智能在提高天气预报准确性方面的潜力。名词potential后用动词不定式作定语，故填to improve。故填to improve。 5．考查定语从句。句意：但是，它究竟是该领域真正的海洋变化预测器，还是仅仅成为人类预报员用来确定风向的众多工具之一，目前还不得而知。空处引导定语从句，先行词是tools，that或which引导定语从句，在定语从句中作宾语。故填that/which。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：由谷歌DeepMind开发的GraphCast是近年来发布的几个人工智能天气模型中的最新一个。release和谓语is之间没有连词，是非谓语动词，GraphCast和release是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填released。 7．考查代词。句意：所有这些都被宣传为具有与最好的非人工智能预测计算机模型相当或更高的准确性，并在气象学领域引起了轰动，其中GraphCast引起了迄今为止最重大的轰动。that指代前面的AI weather model。故填that。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：所有这些都被宣传为具有与最好的非人工智能预测计算机模型相当或更高的准确性，并在气象学领域引起了轰动，其中GraphCast引起了迄今为止最重大的轰动。with的复合结构，宾语GraphCast 和宾补cause是主动关系，用现在分词。故填causing。 9．考查连词。句意：然而，美国国家气象局高级建模系统高级顾问亨德里克·托尔曼(Hendrik Tolman)说，GraphCast变得很有概率性——即使模型的分辨率提高了，人工智能在预测降雨和风暴强度方面变得更加准确——建模仍然只是天气预测管道的一个组成部分。根据上文“The study showed the AI performed equal to or even better than the gold standard.（研究表明，人工智能的表现与黄金标准相当，甚至更好。）”可知，前面表示赞同，而后者表示否定，前后是转折关系，用连词yet，位于句首首字母大写。故填Yet。 10．考查情态动词。句意：如果人工智能能够快速而廉价地做出准确的预测，那么就没有理由不开始将其与现有方法结合使用。根据空后动词原形可知，前面填情态动词can。故填can。 Passage 6 How to Be Stylish While Protecting the Environment Despite the huge numbers of people who care about the environment and love clothes, there is a basic conflict about being green and being fashionable. This is because the fashion industry depends on a constant stream of ever-changing trends, 1 means you have to keep consuming. However, buying 2 awful lot of things that you don’t need, in this case new clothes, is harmful to the environment. Even so, there are still some measures you can take to achieve 3 of the goals. Firstly, rather than base your choice of clothes on 4 the fashion industry says you should, choose your own look. If you do this, you’ll look a lot more like an individual, and probably 5 (genuinely) stylish. It does not require any sense of style 6 (copy) the looks in fashion magazines but developing your own certainly does. You’ll find that you buy fewer clothes 7 they aren’t going in and out of fashion every week, and this helps the environment. Some people think that another way of achieving this is to buy only natural materials, like cotton. But the production of some plant-based materials involves the use of enormous quantities of pesticides (杀虫剂). In fact, cotton is an especially dirty crop, with methods 8 (use) in its production which can destroy the local environment. If you want to avoid adding to soil and water pollution in this manner, simply 9 (choose) organic materials. In the end, what you wear is your choice and no one would suggest that this should not be a free choice. But we hope that, 10 (read) this, you will be aware of the impact your choices may have on the health of our planet. 【答案】 1．which 2．an 3．both/either 4．whatever/what 5．more genuinely 6．to copy 7．because/as/since 8．used 9．choose 10．having read/reading 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在追求时尚的同时保护环境，给出了一些具体的建议和措施。 1．考查定语从句。句意：这是因为时尚产业依赖于不断变化的潮流，这意味着你必须不断消费。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句提到的事，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 2．考查冠词。句意：然而，买一大堆你不需要的东西，比如新衣服，对环境是有害的。此处是固定搭配：an awful lot of意为“大量”。故填an。 3．考查代词。句意：即便如此，你仍然可以采取一些措施来实现这两个目标。空前是动词，所以空处应填名词或者代词作宾语，根据句意，此处用固定搭配：both of意为“两个都”或者either of意为“任何一个”符合语境。故填both或者either。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：首先，与其根据时尚界的说法选择衣服，不如选择自己的风格。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，可用what引导，也可用whatever（无论什么）引导。故填what或者whatever。 5．考查副词。句意：如果你这样做，你会看起来更有个性，也可能更有型。根据前文more like以及and可知，前后为并列成分，所以也用比较级。故填more genuinely。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：模仿时尚杂志上的造型并不需要任何风格感，但发展自己的风格当然需要。此处是“It+及物动词+宾语+to do”结构，it为形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to copy。 7．考查状语从句。句意：你会发现你买的衣服少了，因为它们不是每周都在流行和过时，这有助于环境。根据句意，空处引导原因状语从句，可用because，as或者since引导。故填because或者as或者since。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，棉花是一种特别肮脏的作物，它的生产方法会破坏当地的环境。此处是with引导的复合结构，methods和use之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填used。 9．考查祈使句。句意：如果你想避免以这种方式增加土壤和水污染，只需选择有机材料。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主句为祈使句，动词用原形。故填choose。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：但我们希望，在读完这篇文章后，你会意识到你的选择可能对我们这个星球的健康产生的影响。本句已有谓语动词，所以read用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，还可理解为动作发生在“意识到”之前，用现在分词的完成式。故填having read或者reading。 Passage 7 Are You Ready to Hug a Robot? Getting hugged tends to be a powerful positive emotional experience. Hugs have been shown to enhance social bonding and emotional well-being. However, not everyone can get a hug 1 they need one. Some people are lonely and do not have anyone to hug them. Others may be in long-distance relationships 2 it is not easy to get physical affection from their partner. In this case, they 3 receive fewer hugs than they like. How can this problem be solved? 4 scientists have proposed is to develop hug robots. This could offer lonely people the positive effects of getting hugged without the need 5 (seek) a person who could hug them. Nevertheless, designing a hug robot is not an easy task. For example, if the robot is very large and made mostly of metal, people might be frightened of it, 6 happily hugging it. Therefore, psychological research is needed. A new study, which 7 (publish) in International Journal recently, focuses on the development of Moffuly-II, a newly developed hug robot, which can move its arms to perform different small gestures during the hug. When two people hug, they often do specific things with their hands, such as clapping the 8 (hug)person on the back to signal sympathy. It is important that a hug robot can perform similar gestures, too. In the study, the scientists wanted to know whether these gestures would make a robot hug 9 (appealing). Volunteers who Moffully-Il hugged generally preferred hugs with gestures to gesture-less hugs. They felt that the robot was more friendly when 10 (perform) gestures. The findings of the study indicate that it is possible to design a robot that people enjoy to hug. Details matter here, as the intra-hug gestures played a significant role in determining how much the human volunteers enjoyed the hug. 【答案】 1．whenever/when 2．where/so 3．may/might 4．What 5．to seek 6．instead of/rather than 7．has been published 8．hugged 9．more appealing 10．performing 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们研发拥抱机器人以解决孤独人群的拥抱需求。 1．考查状语从句。句意：然而，并不是每个人都能在需要的时候得到一个拥抱。分析句子可知，空处应填从属连词whenever“每当”或when“当……什么时候”引导时间状语从句。故填whenever/when。 2．考查从属连词/并列连词。句意：其他人可能处于异地恋中，很难从伴侣那里得到身体上的爱。分析句子可知，空处可以看作空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词relationship，先行词在句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where；或可以看作空处前后为因果关系，应用并列连词so。故填where/so。 3．考查情态动词。句意：在这种情况下，他们可能会收到比自己想要的更少的拥抱。分析句子可知，空处应填情态动词may/might表示较小的可能性。故填may/might。 4．考查主语从句。句意：科学家们提议开发拥抱机器人。分析句子可知，空处应填what引导主语从句，并在从句中作proposed宾语，表示“……的东西”，位于句首首字母大写。故填What。 5．考查不定式。句意：这可以为孤独的人提供被拥抱的积极效果，而不必寻求能够拥抱他们的人。抽象名词need后应用动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填to seek。 6．考查固定短语。句意：例如，如果机器人非常大且主要由金属制成，人们可能会害怕它，而不是愉快地拥抱它。分析句子可知，空处应填短语instead of/rather than“而不是”。故填instead of/rather than。 7．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：最近在《国际期刊》上发表的一项新研究，聚焦于Moffuly-II的研发，这是一款新开发的拥抱机器人，能够在拥抱过程中移动其手臂来完成不同的小手势。分析句子可知，空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语，由recently可知，从句中应用现在完成时，先行词A new study与动词publish构成被动关系，应用被动语态，先行词study为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been published。 8．考查非谓语。句意：当两个人拥抱时，他们经常用手做一些特定的动作，比如拍被拥抱者的背以表示同情。分析句子可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词person，动词hug与被修饰词之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词的形式。故填hugged。 9．考查形容词的比较级。句意：在这项研究中，科学家们想知道这些手势是否会让机器人拥抱更具吸引力。分析句子可知，此处有一个隐晦的比较意义，空处应用形容词appealing“有吸引的”的比较级形式在句中作宾语补足语。故填more appealing。 10．考查状语从句的省略。句意：他们觉得机器人在做手势时更加友好。句中perform与其逻辑主语the robot构成主动关系，完整的时间状语从句应为when the robot was performing gestures，when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中主语和be动词可以省略。故填performing。 Passage 8 Bob’s problems began during his formative years. His parents got divorced when he was young, and neither of his parents wanted to raise him or his brother and sister, so he ___1___ (bring) up by a foster family chosen by a social worker in the community. Unfortunately, his foster father was a strict authoritarian and often beat him. Bob rebelled against this strict upbringing, and by the time he was eight years old, he ___2___ (run) wild, stealing from shops and playing truant. When he reached adolescence, sometime around his thirteenth birthday, he had already appeared in court several times, charged ___3___ juvenile crimes. The judge blamed his foster parents, ___4___ (explain) that children needed responsible parents and guardians who would look after them properly. The foster father didn’t agree with the judge and objected to this, pointing out that Bob’s two brothers and sister were well-adjusted children who behaved at home and worked well at school. This has raised some interesting questions about the modern family system. ___5___ it is true that parents should not be too lenient with children by letting them do ___6___ they want, ___7___ too over-protective by sheltering them from the realities of life, it is also true that they should not be too strict. It has also highlighted the disadvantages of the modern nuclear family ___8___ the child has only its mother and father to rely on or the single-parent family, in which the mother or father has to struggle particularly hard ___9___ (support) their dependents. In fact, many people believe that we ___10___ return to traditional family values and the extended family: extensive research has shown that children from these families are generally better behaved and have a better chance of success in later life. 【答案】1. was brought 2. had run##ran 3. with 4. explaining 5. While##Although##Though 6. what##whatever 7. or 8. where 9. to support 10. should##will##would##must 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章以Bob为例提出了一些关于现代家庭制度的有趣问题，也突出了现代小家庭的缺点，很多人认为我们应该回归传统的家庭价值观和大家庭。 【1题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：他的父母在他很小的时候就离婚了，他的父母都不想抚养他和他的兄弟姐妹，所以他被一个社区的社会工作者选择的寄养家庭抚养长大。主语he和动词短语bring up之间是被动关系，结合前句中的wanted可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填was brought。 【2题详解】 考查过去完成时/一般过去时。句意：Bob对这种严格的教育方式很不服气，八岁的时候，他开始疯狂，从商店里偷东西，还逃学。结合时间状语by the time he was eight years old可知，此处用过去完成时，也可用一般过去时，描述过去发生的动作，故填had run/ran。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：当他进入青春期时，大约在他13岁生日的时候，他已经多次出现在法庭上，被指控犯有青少年罪。(be) charged with“负……责任，受……指控”，固定搭配，故填with。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：法官指责他的养父母，解释说孩子需要负责任的父母和监护人来妥善照顾他们。动词explain和逻辑主语The judge之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填explaining。 【5题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然父母不应该对孩子过于宽容，让他们做自己想做的事，不应该过于保护他们，让他们远离现实生活，但他们也不应该过于严格。结合句意可知，此处表示让步关系，用while/although/though引导让步状语从句，首字母应大写，故填While/Although/Though。 【6题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接代词what或whatever(无论什么)引导，故填what/whatever。 【7题详解】 考查连词。句意同上。空后的too over-protective和前文too lenient之间是并列关系，表示“父母不应该对孩子过于宽容，也不应该过于保护他们”，且此处是否定句，用连词or连接，故填or。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它还突出了现代核心家庭的缺点，在这种家庭中，儿童只能依靠母亲和父亲;在单亲家庭中，母亲或父亲必须特别努力地养活他们的受抚养人。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the modern nuclear family，关系词在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to support。 【10题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：事实上，许多人认为我们应该/将会/必须回归传统的家庭价值观和大家庭：广泛的研究表明，这些家庭的孩子通常表现得更好，在以后的生活中有更大的成功机会。结合下文“extensive research has shown that children from these families are generally better behaved and have a better chance of success in later life.”可知，传统的大家庭的孩子通常表现得更好，在以后的生活中有更大的成功机会，此处使用情态动词should“应该”，will表示将来的事情、would表示说话人的意愿，语气较委婉以及must“必须”均可，故填should/will/would/must。 模块二：选词填空·高分秘诀 猜想二：选词填空词性破题（动词/名词/形容词） 押题解读 押题依据：【近年真题考点分布】 年份 词汇填空 2023上海秋考 名词考查4；动词考查3；形容词考查4；其中构词法2，分词2 2023上海春考 名词考查4；动词考查4；形容词考查3；其中构词法0 2022上海秋考 名词考查5；动词考查4；形容词考查2；其中构词法1 2022上海春考 名词考查4；动词考查3；形容词考查3；其中构词法1 2021上海秋考 名词考查3；动词考查5；形容词考查3；其中构词法2；分词2 2021上海春考 名词考查2；动词考查6；形容词考查2；其中构词法2；分词2 2020上海秋考 名词考查3；动词考查5；形容词考查3；其中构词法3 2020上海春考 名词考查3；动词考查3；形容词考查2；副词考查2；其中构词法1 2025年命题趋势： 选词填空题文体以说明文为主。题材内容以科普文为主，但内容各不相同，覆盖人文、健康、科技、气候、概念等方方面面。 主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词； 动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。 名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。 副词考察较少，难度不大。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。 每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。要注意积累派生词。 解题步骤 第一步，判断方框内单词词性。 有多个词性的都标出来，不确定词性的先不标。doing和done可以不标。 第二步，略读抓中心。 略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题词与了解文章大致内容。 第三步，填词入空。分为三小步： 1、确认空处可填词性， 2、同性词筛选， 3、按逻辑关系代入确认答案。 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．critical    B．emotionally    C． escape D．invisible E. lack    F. present G. principal    H. struggle    I. sympathetically J. troublesome    K. withdraw Children’s Addiction to the Internet Internet addiction among children is a growing concern. Online access is a(n) 1 part of the modern world and an important tool in the education of our children. In addition, the Internet is a highly entertaining and informative medium. However, these very qualities also make it a fascinating 2 from reality for many children. They can be anyone in an online chat room, or play thrilling and challenging games against other players from all corners of the globe. With the click of a mouse, they can enter a different world where the problems of their real life are no longer 3 , and all the things one wishes he or she could experience are possible. Like addiction to drugs and alcohol, the Internet offers children and adolescents a way to escape painful feelings or 4 situations. They sacrifice needed hours of sleep to spend time online and 5 from family and friends to escape into a comfortable online world that they have created and shaped. Children who 6 rewarding or nurturing relationships or who suffer from poor social and coping skills are at greater risk of developing inappropriate or excessive online habits. Because they feel separated and lonely, and have problems making new friends, they turn to 7 strangers in online chat rooms looking for the attention and companionship missing in their real lives. They may come from families with significant problems, and they cope with their problems by spending time online. Socially, they learn to message friends rather than develop face-to-face relationship, which impacts their way of relating to peers. As one 8 explained, “The Internet is hurting their ability to work in groups. Our teachers 9 to get them to participate in any kind of team assignments; instead they would all rather stare at the computer. When I observe them talking to one another in the hallway, I see young girls who are socially aggressive or inappropriate, and I can’t help but think that the Internet is socializing them in ways that 10 prevents their development and makes it difficult for them to deal with others in the real world.” 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．F 4．J 5．K 6．E 7．D 8．G 9．H 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了儿童沉迷互联网的原因及影响。 1．考查形容词。句意：在线访问是现代社会的一个重要组成部分，也是教育我们孩子的一个重要工具。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词part，由句意可知，此处表示“极重要的”，应用形容词critical。故选A。 2．考查名词。句意：然而，正是这些品质也使它成为许多孩子逃避现实的迷人方式。由a可知，此处应用名词单数作宾语补足语，根据句意可知，此处表示“逃避”应用名词escape，an escape from reality“逃避现实”，故选C。 3．考查形容词。句意：只要点击一下鼠标，他们就可以进入一个不同的世界，在那里，他们现实生活中的问题不再存在，人们希望他们能经历的所有事情都成为可能。此处应用形容词作表语，根据句意可知，此处表示“存在的”，应用形容词present，故选F。 4．考查形容词。句意：就像对毒品和酒精上瘾一样，互联网为儿童和青少年提供了一种逃避痛苦感觉或麻烦处境的途径。此处应用形容词作后置定语，修饰名词situationa，表示“麻烦的”，应用形容词troublesome，故选J。 5．考查动词。句意：他们牺牲必要的睡眠时间上网，远离家人和朋友，进入一个他们创造和塑造的舒适的网络世界。空前的to是不定式，表示目的，此处应用动词原形和动词spend是并列关系，根据句意可知，此处表示“脱离；远离”应用动词withdraw，故选K。 6．考查动词。句意：缺乏奖励或培养关系的儿童，或社交和应对技能差的儿童，更有可能养成不适当或过度的上网习惯。此处在who引导的定语从句“who______rewarding or nurturing relationships”中作谓语，who代指children，此处表示“缺乏”应用动词lack，且句子用的是一般现在时，主语是复数，应用动词原形，故选E。 7．考查形容词。句意：因为他们感到分离和孤独，交新朋友有困难，所以他们求助于网上聊天室里看不见的陌生人，寻找现实生活中缺失的关注和陪伴。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词strangers，表示“看不见的”应用形容词invisible，故选D。 8．考查名词。句意：正如一位校长解释的那样，“互联网正在损害他们群体工作的能力。”此处应用名词作主语，表示“校长”用名词principal，由one可知，为单数，故选G。 9．考查动词。句意：我们的老师尽力让他们参加任何形式的团队作业，相反，他们宁愿盯着电脑。此处在句中作谓语，根据句意可知，此处表示“尽力做某事”应用短语struggle to do，句子描述一般性事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，应用动词原形，故选H。 10．考查副词。句意：当我观察她们在走廊里互相交谈时，我看到年轻女孩在社交上有攻击性或不恰当的行为，我不禁认为互联网正在以情感上阻碍她们发展的方式将她们社交化，使她们在现实世界中难以与他人相处。根据句意可知，此处表示“情感上的”应用副词emotionally，故选B。 Passage 1 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．digital B．initiative C． considerable D．safeguard E. cutting-edge F. access G. strictly H. weathered I. ever-present J. towers K. comprehensive AI goes ancient to preserve thousand-year-old Chinese pagoda In the heart of China’s Shanxi Province stands a remarkable testament to human ingenuity and resilience: the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. Nearly a thousand years old, this architectural marvel has 1 the ravages of time, surviving the chaos of wars and the fury of natural disasters. Standing 67 meters high, the structure - also called the Sakyamuni Pagoda of the Fogong Temple - 2 above the surrounding landscape, multi-tiered wooden roofs offering a striking contrast to the rolling hills and smaller buildings that dot the region. Even with its staggering resilience, the pagoda is showing its 3 age. Built in 1056 and recognized by UNESCO as the world’s oldest and tallest entirely wooden structure, the Yingxian pagoda faces the inevitable effects of time: weathering, structural fatigue, and the 4 threat of wood decay. In fact, it is no longer accessible to tourists who would otherwise leap at the chance to step back in time. Now, the pagoda’s unparalleled value to shared world heritage has inspired a revolutionary effort to preserve it for future generations. Lenovo, the global technology leader, will 5 this ancient treasure using groundbreaking artificial intelligence (AI) technology. In collaboration with Tsinghua University’s School of Architecture, Lenovo launched the “Smart Yingxian Pagoda” project to create a 6 twin of the pagoda that captures every exquisite detail of its architecture, from intricate wood grains to subtle imperfections in statues. This AI-powered replication is much more than just a high-fidelity virtual model - the interactive, navigable experience democratizes 7 to the pagoda’s splendor, allowing people from around the world to explore and study its ancient halls. Moreover, it accelerates ongoing restorative efforts and ensures they 8 adhere to the original style, preserving the pagoda’s historical integrity. “AI for cultural heritage is about using 9 technology to reach back a thousand years to preserve these wonders for the future,” said Shijie Mao, Lenovo vice president and director of research in Shanghai “We relentlessly pursue innovation and transformation, especially in the era of AI, but always with an eye on our communities and human experiences. This 10 embodies our commitment to smarter AI for all.” Looking ahead, Lenovo is exploring involvement in similar heritage preservation projects globally, welcoming more opportunities for collaboration. 【答案】 1．H 2．J 3．C 4．I 5．D 6．A 7．F 8．G 9．E 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了联想集团与清华大学建筑学院合作，利用人工智能技术启动了“智能应县木塔”项目，不仅可供人们互动探索，还能帮助加速修复工作，确保修复工作保持原貌，保护历史完整性。联想集团希望在全球范围内参与更多类似的遗产保护项目，并欢迎更多合作机会。 1．考查动词时态。句意：这座有近一千年历史的建筑奇迹经受住了时间的摧残，幸存于战争的混乱和自然灾害的肆虐之中。设空处使用动词与前文的has构成现在完成时，根据下文surviving the chaos of wars and the fury of natural disasters可知，这座有近一千年历史的建筑奇迹经受住了时间的摧残。表示“（受风吹雨打而）（使）褪色，（使）风化，”用weather。故选H。 2．考查动词时态。句意：这座67米高的建筑（也被称为佛宫寺释迦塔）耸立在周围的景色之上，多层的木屋顶与周围的山丘和点缀着的小建筑形成了鲜明的对比。设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示“这座67米高的建筑耸立在周围的景色之上”，tower为动词意为“高耸；屹立”，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，句子主语为structure为第三人称单数，故用towers。故选J项。 3．考查形容词。句意：尽管这座佛塔具有惊人的坚固耐久度，但它仍显露出颇为可观的年岁痕迹。设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰age，此处表示“相当的，可观的”用considerable。故选C项。 4．考查形容词。句意：这座建于1056年的佛塔被联合国教科文组织认定为世界上最古老、最高的全木结构建筑，它面临着时间的必然影响：风化、结构疲劳以及木材腐烂的持续威胁。根据上文“weathering, structural fatigue”及下文“threat of wood decay”可知，这座佛塔面临着时间的必然影响：风化、结构疲劳以及木材腐烂的持续威胁，ever-present意为“总是存在的；持续不断的”符合语境。故选I项。 5．考查动词时态。句意：全球科技领导者联想将使用开创性的人工智能（AI）技术来保护这一古代瑰宝。设空处使用动词作谓语，与前文的will构成一般将来时，此处表示“全球科技领导者联想将使用开创性的人工智能（AI）技术来保护这一古代瑰宝”safeguard意为“保护；维护”符合语境。故选D项。 6．考查形容词。句意：联想与清华大学建筑学院合作，推出了“智能应贤塔”项目，创建了一个宝塔的数字孪生，捕捉建筑的每一个精致细节，从复杂的木纹到雕像的细微缺陷。设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词twin，此处表示“联想启动了“智慧应县木塔”项目，以创建了一个宝塔的数字孪生复制品”，digital意为“数字的”符合语境。故选A项。 7．考查名词。句意：这种基于AI的复制技术不仅仅是一个高保真虚拟模型——这种互动、可导航的体验使每个人都能接触到木塔的辉煌，让世界各地的人们都能探索和研究其古老的殿堂。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据上文“This AI-powered replication is much more than just a high-fidelity virtual model”及下文“to the pagoda’s splendor, allowing people from around the world to explore and study its ancient ”可知，这种基于AI的复制技术使每个人都能接触到木塔的辉煌，access“接触；进入”符合语境，且为不可数名词。故选F项。 8．考查副词。句意：此外，它还加速了正在进行的修复工作，并确保它们严格遵循原始风格，从而保持佛塔的历史完整性。设空处使用副词作状语，修饰动词。根据下文“adhere to the original style, preserving the pagoda’s historical integrity”可知，这种基于AI的复制技术还加速了正在进行的修复工作，并确保它们严格遵循原始风格，strictly为副词，意为“严格地”符合语境。故选G项。 9．考查形容词。句意：联想上海副总裁兼研究总监毛世杰表示：“文化遗产的人工智能是指利用尖端技术，回溯千年，为子孙后代保存这些奇迹。”根据上文“using”及下文“technology to reach back a thousand years to preserve these wonders for the future”可知，联想上海副总裁兼研究总监毛世杰表示：“文化遗产的人工智能是指利用尖端技术，回溯千年，为子孙后代保存这些奇迹。”设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词。cutting-edge意为“尖端的；先进的”符合语境。故选E项。 10．考查名词。句意：这一举措体现了我们致力于为所有人提供更智能的人工智能的承诺。设空处使用名词作主语。initiative意为“举措；计划”符合语境。故选B项。 Passage 2 A．unnoticed     B．decompose     C． estimated     D．fulfil E. replacement     F. readily     G. launch     H. ultimate I. minimize     J. hazard     K. fibers The fashion industry today is meeting with sustainability and environmental challenges. As the production of many fashion items is regarded as a(n) 1 to the environment, designers have to explore innovative ways to reduce waste and 2 ecological footprint. Zsofia Kollar, the founder of Human Material Loop, is turning to an unexpected resource to reduce her impact — human hair. The Dutch collects hair cuttings from hairdressers and transforms them into fabric for clothes, curtains, carpets, and furniture. “Throughout history, we’ve used a variety of animal 3 in clothing, yet our own hair, containing the same keratin protein as wool, often goes 4 ,” Kollar says. “Why not treat human hair as we would treat any other valuable clothing material?” Human hair as a bio-material may seem like a strange choice, but it makes perfect sense to Kollar. The 5 available waste material requires no land, water, or resources to produce. Her innovation also saves thousands of tons of hair, which would otherwise 6 in rubbish landfills. More importantly, the innovation could significantly reduce the need for artificial materials, which contribute to micro-plastic pollution. Additionally, the fabric could serve as a(n) 7 for natural materials like cotton, whose production requires large quantities of water. The designer’s process involves treating the cut hair with environmentally friendly chemicals. These chemicals help clean the hair and change its property. Kollar says the final product can be colored any color, except white, and be knitted into a fabric that looks and feels like wool. “Many times if people hear the clothing material is made out of human hair, they’re like, ‘What!’” Kollar said. “But if I just show them the sample, they’re like ‘Oh, it’s cool.’” Human Material Loop, which was founded not long ago, is still in its early stages. But Kollar has already partnered with a high-end fashion label to 8 eco-friendly fashion collections. The designer’s 9 dream is to transform a quarter of global salon waste, a(n) 10 550,000 tons of human hair, into clothes annually. 【答案】 1．J 2．I 3．K 4．A 5．F 6．B 7．E 8．G 9．H 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了时尚行业正面临可持续性和环境挑战，以及设计师们如何探索创新方法来减少浪费和生态足迹，其中Zsofia Kollar利用人类头发作为创新材料来减少对环境的影响。 1．考查名词。句意：由于许多时尚产品的生产被视为对环境的危害，设计师们必须探索创新的方法来减少浪费和最小化生态足迹。根据后文“designers have to explore innovative ways to reduce waste and 2 ecological footprint”可推知，时尚产品生产被认为对环境有害，所以要探索创新的方法来减少浪费和生态足迹，用名词hazard作宾语，意为“危害”，符合语境。故选J项。 2．考查动词。句意：由于许多时尚产品的生产被视为对环境的危害，设计师们必须探索创新的方法来减少浪费和最小化生态足迹。根据前文“reduce waste”可推知，要减少浪费，要最小化生态足迹，用动词minimize意为“最小化”，用原形构成不定式短语作 ways的后置定语，符合语境。故选I项。 3．考查名词。句意：在历史上，我们在服装中使用了各种动物纤维，然而我们自己的头发，含有与羊毛相同的角蛋白，却往往被忽视。根据后文“in clothing”以及“yet our own hair, containing the same keratin protein as wool”可推知，我们在服装中使用了除自己头发外的动物纤维，用可数名词fiber作宾语，意为“纤维”，有a variety of(各种各样的)修饰，用复数形式。故选K项。 4．考查形容词。句意：在历史上，我们在服装中使用了各种动物纤维，然而我们自己的头发，含有与羊毛相同的角蛋白，却往往被忽视。根据前文“we’ve used a variety of animal 3 in clothing, yet our own hair...”和后文“Why not treat human hair as we would treat any other valuable clothing material?”可知，们的头发是被忽视的服装材料，用形容词unnoticed作表语，意为“未被注意的”，符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查副词。句意：这种很容易获得的废弃物不需要土地、水或资源来生产。根据后文“available waste material requires no land, water, or resources to produce”可知，头发这种废弃物是很容易获得的，用副词readily作状语，意为“容易地”，符合语境。故选F项。 6．考查动词。句意：她的创新还节省了数千吨的头发，否则这些头发将在垃圾填埋场中分解。根据后文“in rubbish landfills”可知，头发会在垃圾填埋场中分解，用动词decompose作从句谓语，意为“分解”，在助动词would后用原形。故选B项。 7．考查名词。句意：此外，这种织物可以作为棉花等天然材料的替代品，棉花的生产需要大量的水。根据下文“for natural materials like cotton”和“whose production requires large quantities of water”可知，棉花的生产需要大量的水，所以很容易获得的头发可以作为棉花的替代品，用名词replacement作宾语，意为“替代品”，符合语境。故选E项。 8．考查动词。句意：但Kollar已经与一家高端时尚品牌合作，推出环保时尚系列。根据后文“eco-friendly fashion collections”可知，Kollar推出环保时尚系列，用动词launch，意为“推出，发行”，用原形构成不定式短语。故选G项。 9．考查形容词。句意：这位设计师的最终梦想是将全球四分之一的理发店废弃物，估计有55万吨人类头发，每年转化为衣服。根据后文“dream”和“transform a quarter of global salon waste, a(n) 10 550,000 tons of human hair, into clothes annually”可知，这是他的最终梦想，用形容词ultimate作定语，意为“最终的”，符合语境。故选H项。 10．考查形容词。句意：这位设计师的最终梦想是将全球四分之一的理发店废料，估计有55万吨人类头发，每年转化为衣服。根据常识和后文“550,000 tons of human hair”可知，55万吨人类头发是估计的数字，用形容词estimated作定语，意为“估计的，预计的”，符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 3 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．constituent   B．ultimately   C． fancied   D．functioning   E. game   F. grave G. promising   H. parallel   I. cash   J. entitled   K. distinctly A basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet, these creatures are members of the biotic(生物的) community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are 1 to existence. When one of these noneconomic categories is in 2 danger and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. During the early 1900s, songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. Scientists jumped to the rescue with 3 shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic to be valid. A 4 situation exists in respect of predatory mammals. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of 5 by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to kill them for the sake of a benefit, real or 6 , to itself. Some species of trees have been “excluded from the party” by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly or have too low a sale value to pay as 7 crops. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, some have been found to have a valuable role in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its 8 species and ground plants and animals is taken for granted. To sum up, a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly unjust. It tends to ignore, and thus 9 to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value. It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic community will work without the uneconomic parts, which are nevertheless essential to its healthy 10 . 【答案】 1．J 2．F 3．K 4．H 5．E 6．C 7．I 8．A 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了完全基于经济动机的保护系统并不利于生态保护，无论物种是否能够给人类带来经济价值，它们都有生存权利。 1．考查动词。句意：然而，这些生物是生物群落的成员，如果其稳定性取决于其完整性，它们就有权生存。根据上文中的“most members of the land community have no economic value”和句中的“these creatures are members of the biotic(生物的) community and, if its stability depends on its integrity”可知，大部分生物是没有经济价值的，但这些生物都是整个生物群落的一部分，如果这个群落的稳定性是以其完整性为基础的，那么所有生物都有权生存下去。entitle意为“使有权利，使有资格”，为及物动词，空前有are，entitle和they之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故选J。 2．考查形容词。句意：当一个无经济价值的物种处于严重危险之中，如果我们碰巧喜欢它，我们就会编造借口赋予它经济重要性。空处应用形容词，修饰danger。in danger意为“处于危险之中”。根据下文中的“songbirds were supposed to be disappearing”可知，这里表示处于严重危险之中，grave意为“严重的”。故选F。 3．考查副词。句意：科学家们急忙救助，针对影响提出明显不可靠的证据，大意是如果鸟类不能控制昆虫，昆虫会吃掉我们。空处用副词，修饰shaky。根据上文中的“if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance”和句中的“insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them”可知，我们会编造借口去拯救那些没有经济价值但受人类喜欢的物种，这里编造的关于鸟的理由明显不可靠。distinctly意为“清楚地，明显地”。故选K。 4．考查形容词。句意：捕食性哺乳动物也存在类似的情况。空处应用形容词，修饰situation。上文讲述了关于鸟的例子，这里讲述了捕食性哺乳动物的类似情况。parallel意为“相似的”。故选H。 5．考查名词。句意：过去，生物学家有点过度研究这些证据：这些生物通过杀死身体虚弱的动物来保护猎物健康，或者它们只捕食“无用”的物种。空处用名词作介词of的宾语。根据空前的“these creatures preserve the health of”和空后的“by killing the physically weak”可知，这些生物捕食体弱者，以便保护猎物种群的健康。game意为“猎物”。故选E。 6．考查形容词。句意：直到最近几年，我们才听到比较诚实的观点，即捕食性动物是群落的成员，没有任何特殊利益集团有权为了自己的利益而杀死它们，无论是真实的还是虚构的。根据空前的“real or”可知，空处应用形容词fancied，意为“虚构的”，表示无论是真实的还是虚构的。故选C。 7．考查形容词。句意：一些树种被有经济头脑的林学家“排除在外”，因为它们生长太慢或销售价值太低而无法作为经济作物创收。空处应用形容词，修饰crops。根据句中的“have too low a sale value to pay”可知，这些树种销售价值低，无法作为经济作物创收。cash意为“金钱”,crash crop“经济作物”。故选I。 8．考查形容词。句意：森林及其组成物种和地面动植物的相互依存被认为是理所当然的。根据空前的“the forest”和空后的“species”可知，这里指组成森林的物种。constituent意为“组成的，构成的”。故选A。 9．考查副词。句意：它往往忽视并最终消除土地群落中缺乏商业价值的许多部分。空处用副词，修饰“to eliminate”。根据空前的“ignore, and thus”和空后的“to eliminate”可知，这里表示忽视并最终消除，强调过程。ultimately意为“最终”。故选B。 10．考查动名词。句意：它错误地认为，生物群落的经济部分将在没有无经济价值部分的情况下运转，而无经济价值部分对其健康运作至关重要。根据“the economic parts of the biotic community will work without the uneconomic parts”可知，这里指无经济价值的物种对生物群落的健康运转很重要。functioning意为“运转”，是动词function的动名词形式。故选D。 Passage 4 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．dive  B．employing  C． identical  D．household  E. landscape  F. merely G. naturally  H. presenting  I. progress  J. responsive  K. rethinking The Emergence of AI-Powered Search The search engine world is experiencing a major transformation as conversational AI technology starts to compete with traditional search engines. For over 20 years, Google has been the leading search engine, using its advanced algorithms to provide accurate, relevant answers to users’ questions. This success made Google a(n) 1 name, turning “to Google” into a common phrase and generating billions in advertising income. Now, the rise of AI-driven conversational tools, like OpenAI’s ChatGPT, is changing the 2 . These tools offer a different experience from traditional keyword searches by engaging users in human-like dialogues rather than just 3 a list of links. ChatGPT and similar technologies provide answers in a way that feels more personal and insightful. This technological shift opens up new ways for people to find information online. ChatGPT can handle questions on a wide range of topics, including complex or delicate ones, by 4 a conversational tone that connects with users. Its appeal lies in its ability to understand context, enabling follow-up questions and a deeper 5 into topics. Responding to this trend, tech giants are 6 the future of search. Microsoft, a key investor in OpenAI, is integrating conversational AI into its search engine, Bing. This integration includes a sidebar that summarizes results or provides extra context, creating a more comprehensive search experience. As these AI-driven tools 7 they challenge the traditional search model. Unlike standard engines that use pre-set algorithms to match keywords, conversational AI responds more 8 This trend pushes Google to innovate, encouraging it to enhance its interface and integrate AI into its existing system. Such advancing technology marks a turning point in search, where 9 providing information isn’t enough. Users now look for a more interactive, 10 experience, and conversational AI may be the answer to meeting that need. 【答案】 1．D 2．E 3．H 4．B 5．A 6．K 7．I 8．G 9．F 10．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着对话式人工智能技术开始与传统搜索引擎展开竞争，搜索引擎世界正在经历一场重大变革。 1．考查形容词。句意：这一成功使谷歌成为家喻户晓的名字，使“to谷歌”成为一个常见的短语，并产生了数十亿美元的广告收入。根据“Google”以及句意“家喻户晓的”可知应填形容词household作定语，修饰名词name。故选D。 2．考查名词。句意：现在，人工智能驱动的对话工具的兴起，比如OpenAI的ChatGPT，正在改变这一局面。根据“For over 20 years, Google has been the leading search engine”、“Now, the rise of AI-driven conversational tools”以及句意“全景、局面”可知应填名词landscape，作宾语，故选E。 3．考查动词。句意：这些工具提供了与传统关键字搜索不同的体验，让用户参与到类似人类的对话中，而不仅仅是显示一个链接列表。根据“a list of links”以及句意“显示”可知应填动词present，作宾语用动名词形式。故选H。 4．考查动词。句意：ChatGPT可以处理各种各样的问题，包括复杂或微妙的问题，通过采用与用户联系的对话语气。根据“a conversational tone that connects with users”以及句意“采用”可知应填动词employ，作介词的宾语用动名词形式。故选B。 5．考查名词。句意：它的吸引力在于它能够理解上下文，能够提出后续问题并深入探讨主题。根据“enabling follow-up questions and a deeper”以及句意“潜入，深入”可知应填名词dive，故选A。 6．考查动词。句意：为了应对这一趋势，科技巨头们正在重新思考搜索的未来。根据“Responding to this trend”以及句意“重新思考”可知应填动词rethink，根据上文are可知为现在进行时，用现在分词形式。故选K。 7．考查动词。句意：随着这些人工智能驱动的工具的发展，它们挑战了传统的搜索模式。根据“they challenge the traditional search model.”以及句意“进步，前进”可知应填动词progress，一般现在时，复数形式，故选I。 8．考查副词。句意：与使用预设算法匹配关键字的标准引擎不同，对话式人工智能的反应更自然。根据“Unlike standard engines that use pre-set algorithms to match keywords”以及句意“自然”可知应填副词naturally作状语，修饰动词respond。故选G。 9．考查副词。句意：这种先进的技术标志着搜索领域的一个转折点，在搜索领域，仅仅提供信息是不够的。根据“providing information isn’t enough”以及句意“仅仅”可知应填副词merely作状语，修饰动词provide。故选F。 10．考查形容词。句意：用户现在寻求更具互动性和响应性的体验，而对话式人工智能可能是满足这一需求的答案。根据“interactive”以及句意“响应性的”可知应填形容词responsive作定语，修饰名词experience。故选J。 Passage 5 A．actually B．amazed C． breathtaking D．critics E. gradually F. prize G. reflection H. release I. solid J. standardize K. switched Will AI allow humans to play a part? Rebecca used to have a regular job, translating a fashion brand’s website into German. One day a big change happened. The company 1 to using machine translation. She kept the job, and it still paid the bills; however, she was now there to check and 2 whatever was produced by the computer. But there was a complaint. “What it meant, 3 , was that we humans were training a machine,” she says. Each corrected caption for a mid-priced T-shirt, each pair of skinny jeans, was a data point for the robot that was going to replace her. With the 4 of chat programs that can imitate humans, the world is now beginning to consider what the coming of artificial intelligence means. What will it do for our jobs if many once 5 professions — law, accountancy, medicine — disappear? What does it mean to be a human when the thing that humans most   6 — intelligence — has become the cheapest product on the planet? Translators, for good and ill, don’t have to wonder. “You can take the world of translators and interpreters as a   7 of the world,” says Nicki Bone, chairwoman of the board of the Institute of Translating and Interpreting. Not all of them are adjusting. “Of course, we have our 8 ,” but she adds, “There are also opportunities, and optimists.” The speed of change, though, has been 9 . Increasingly, says Bone, she and her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass, rather than translators of the raw material. For some, that’s fine. “People will say, ‘OK, instead of working at one rate for this number of words per hour, I’m working at many more words per hour, but for a much lower rate.’ Some are happy to take on. Some won’t, as a matter of principle.” As we are 10 at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing, translators are, compared with the rest of the professions, sensitive. Anyway, this technology is here to stay. 【答案】 1．K 2．J 3．A 4．H 5．I 6．F 7．G 8．D 9．C 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能对于语言翻译行业的影响。 1．考查动词。句意：该公司转而使用机器翻译。根据“to using machine translation”以及句意“转变”可知应填动词switch，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选K。 2．考查动词。句意：她保住了那份工作，而且还能养家糊口；然而，她现在在那里检查和规范计算机产生的任何东西。根据“whatever was produced by the computer”以及句意“规范”可知应填动词standardize，根据上文to check and可知应填原形。故选J。 3．考查副词。句意：“实际上，这意味着我们人类在训练一台机器，”她说。根据“was that we humans were training a machine”以及句意“实际上”可知应填副词actually，作状语。故选A。 4．考查名词。句意：随着可以模仿人类的聊天程序的发布，世界开始考虑人工智能的到来意味着什么。根据“of chat programs that can imitate humans”以及句意“发布”可知应填名词release，作宾语，不可数。故选H。 5．考查形容词。句意：如果许多曾经坚实的职业——法律、会计、医学——消失，对我们的工作将会有什么影响？根据“law, accountancy, medicine”以及句意“坚实的”可知应填形容词solid，作定语修饰名词professions。故选I。 6．考查动词。句意：当人类最珍视的东西——智力——成为这个星球上最便宜的产品时，作为人类意味着什么？根据“intelligence”以及句意“珍视”可知应填动词prize，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故选F。 7．考查名词。句意：“你可以把笔译和口译员的世界看作是世界的反映，”翻译和口译协会董事会主席尼基·伯恩说。根据“of the world”以及句意“反映”可知应填名词reflection，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选G。 8．考查名词。句意：“当然，我们也有批评者，”但她补充说，“也有机会，也有乐观主义者。”根据“Not all of them are adjusting.”以及句意“批评者”可知应填复数名词critics，作宾语。故选D。 9．考查形容词。句意：然而，变化的速度是惊人的。根据“Increasingly, says Bone, she and her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass, rather than translators of the raw material.(Bone说，她和她的同事们越来越多地扮演着机器第一遍编辑的角色，而不是原始材料的翻译)”以及句意“惊人的”可知应填形容词breathtaking，故选C。 10．考查形容词。句意：当我们惊叹于ChatGPT及其模仿人类写作的强大能力时，与其他职业相比，翻译是敏感的。根据“at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing”以及句意“惊叹”可知应填形容词amazed，作表语。故选B。 Passage 6 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．established     B．dot     C． infection     D．exceeded    E. emerging     F. exposed G. drainage     H. overlook     I. sinking    J. stem     K. access The Mega-City Environment Mega-cities suffer from a catalog of environmental ills. A World Health Organization (WHO)/ United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) study found that seven of the cities — Mexico City, Beijing, Cairo, Jakarta, Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Moscow — had three or more pollutants that 1 the WHO health protection guidelines. All 20 of the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least one major pollutant that went beyond 2 size health limits. According to the World Resources Institute, “Millions of children living in the world’s largest cities, particularly in developing countries, are 3 to life-threatening air pollution two to eight times above the maximum based on WHO guidelines. Indeed, more than 80 percent of all deaths in developing countries attributable to the air pollution-induced lung 4 are among children under five.” In the big Asian mega-cities such as New Delhi, Beijing and Jakarta, approximately 20 to 30 percent of all respiratory diseases 5 from air pollution. Almost all of the mega cities face major fresh water challenges. Johannesburg, South Africa, is forced to draw water from highlands 370 miles away. In Bangkok, saltwater is invading aquifers (地下蓄水层). Mexico City has a serious 6 problem because of excessive groundwater withdrawal. More than a billion people, 20 percent of the world’s population, live without regular 7 to clean running water. While poor people are forced to pay high fees for private water, many cities squander (挥霍) their resources through leakages and illegal 8 . “With the population of cities expected to increase to five billion by 2025,” says Klaus Toepfer, executive director of the UNEP, “the urban demand for water is set to increase rapidly. This means that any solution to the water crisis is closely linked to the governance of cities.” Mega-city residents, crowded into unsanitary slums, are also subject to serious disease outbreaks. Lima, Peru (with population estimated at 9.4 million by 2015) suffered a cholera outbreak in the late 1990s partly because, as the New York Times reported, “rural people new to Lima… live in houses without running water and use the outhouses (屋外厕所) that 9 the hillsides above.” It’s worth looking at some of these 10 mega-cities in detail, because daily life there is likely to be the pattern for a majority of the world’s population. Most are already experiencing severe environmental problems that will only be worsened by rapid population increases. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．F 4．C 5．J 6．I 7．K 8．G 9．B 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大城市存在的一系列环境问题及对人们的危害。 1．考查动词。句意：世界卫生组织(WHO)/联合国环境规划署(UNEP)的一项研究发现，其中七个城市——墨西哥城、北京、开罗、雅加达、洛杉矶、圣保罗和莫斯科——有三种或更多的污染物超过了世卫组织的健康保护准则。分析句子结构可知，此处应填动词作从句谓语动词，根据句意可知，动词exceeded“超过”符合题意，结合语境及主句时态可知，句子应用一般过去时。故选D。 2．考查形容词。句意：世界卫生组织／联合国环境规划署研究的所有20个城市至少有一种主要污染物超过既定的健康限度。分析句子结构可知，此处应填形容词作定语，修饰后文名词短语health limits，根据句意可知，形容词established “既定的”符合题意。故选A。 3．考查形容词。句意：生活在世界各大城市，特别是发展中国家的数百万儿童暴露在威胁生命的空气污染中，空气污染比世卫组织指南规定的最大污染水平高出2至8倍。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作表语，结合句意表示“暴露的”应用形容词exposed。故选F。 4．考查名词。句意：事实上，发展中国家因空气污染引起的肺部感染而死亡的人数中，有80%以上是五岁以下的儿童。分析句子可知，此处为名词形式，infection“感染”为名词，和空前lung构成名词短语lung infection“肺部感染”，符合句意。故选C。 5．考查动词。句意：在新德里、北京和雅加达等亚洲大城市，大约20％到30％的呼吸道疾病是由空气污染引起的。分析句子结构可知，此处应填动词作谓语，根据句意可知，此处表示“大约20％到30％的呼吸道疾病是由空气污染引起的”，故动词短语stem from“源于”符合题意。故选J。 6．考查形容词。句意：由于过度抽取地下水，墨西哥城存在严重的下沉问题。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰后文名词problem，结合句意可知，形容词sinking “下沉的”符合题意。故选I。 7．考查不可数名词。句意：超过10亿人(占世界人口的20%)生活在无法定期获得清洁自来水的环境中。分析可知，此处应用名词作介词without的宾语，结合句意可知，此处意为“无法定期获得清洁自来水”，故应用不可数名词access和后文的to构成access to“接近；有权利使用”。故选K。 8．考查不可数名词。句意：虽然穷人被迫为私人用水支付高额费用，但许多城市却因漏水和非法排水而浪费资源。分析可知，此处应用名词与空前的leakages并列作介词through的宾语，结合句意可知，不可数名词drainage“排水”符合题意。故选G。 9．考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：秘鲁利马(2015年人口估计为940万）在20世纪90年代末爆发了霍乱，部分原因是，正如《纽约时报》报道的那样，“新来到利马的农村人……住在没有自来水的房子里，使用散布在山坡上的屋外厕所。”分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词作定语从句的谓语，根据句意可知，动词dot“星罗棋布于”符合题意，结合语境可知，句子是在陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语为先行词the outhouses，谓语动词应用原形。故选B。 10．考查形容词。句意：我们有必要仔细研究一下这些新兴的超级城市，因为那里的日常生活很可能是世界上大多数人的生活模式。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰后文名词mega-cities，结合句意可知，形容词emerging“新兴的”符合题意。故选E。 Passage7 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only by used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．invasion   B．combinations   C． attitudes   D．uniqueness   E. revealed F. statistical   G. inspired   H. normally   I. definitely   J opposite   K. accounted Better think twice before choosing a password for email, online bank accounts and airline tickets. Passwords that show no imagination or 1 are easy prey (猎物) for information pirates, a new US study says. A 2 analysis of 28,000 passwords recently stolen from a popular US website and posted on the Internet 3 that people often do the easy thing. It found that 16 percent took a first name as a password, 4 their own or one of their children, according to the study released by Information Week. Another 14 percent relied on the easiest 5 , such as ‘1234ab’ or ‘12345678abc’. For those using English keyboards, OWERTY’ was popular. Likewise, ‘AZERTY’ scored with people with European keyboards. Five percent of the stolen passwords were names of television shows or stars popular with young people like ‘hannah, 6 by singer Hannah Montana. ‘Pokemon,’ ‘Matrix,’ and ‘Ironman’ were others. The word ‘password,’ or easy to guess variations like ‘password 1’, 7 for 4 percent, while 3 percent of the passwords expressed 8 like ‘I don’t care,’ ‘Whatever,’ ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. There were sentimental choices —‘I love you’ — and their 9 — ‘I hate you.’ Robert Graham, of the company Errata Security, which did the analysis and published the conclusions, advises that to better protect against cyber 10 we should choose a password that is longer than eight characters with one capital letter and one symbol. 【答案】 1．D 2．F 3．E 4．H 5．B 6．G 7．K 8．C 9．J 10．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲没有想象力或独特性的密码很容易成为信息盗版者的猎物。 1．考查名词。句意：美国一项新的研究表明，没有想象力或独特性的密码很容易成为信息盗版者的猎物。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，uniqueness，表“独特性”，为名词，符合句意。故选D项。 2．考查形容词。句意：一项对最近从美国一家热门网站被盗并发布在互联网上的28000个密码的统计分析显示，人们经常做容易的事情。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语， statistical ，表“统计数据的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。 3．考查动词。句意：一项对最近从美国一家热门网站被盗并发布在互联网上的28000个密码的统计分析显示，人们经常做容易的事情。分析句子可知，此空应填动词作谓语，revealed，表“显示”，为reveal的过去式，符合句意。故选E项。 4．考查副词。句意：根据《信息周刊》发布的研究，16%的人将名字作为密码，通常是他们自己或他们的孩子。分析句子可知，此空可填副词作状语， normally，表“通常”，为副词，符合句意。故选H项。 5．考查名词。句意：另有14%的人依赖最简单的组合，如“1234ab”或“12345678abc”。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，combinations ，表“结合”，为名词复数形式，符合句意。故选B项。 6．考查动词。句意：被盗密码中有5%是受年轻人欢迎的电视节目或明星的名字，比如受歌手汉娜·蒙塔纳启发的“hannah”。分析句子可知，此空可填分词作定语，inspired，表“被启发”，为inspire的过去分词，符合句意。故选G项。 7．考查动词。句意：“password”或“password 1”等易于猜测的变体占4%，而3%的密码表达了“I don’t care”、“Whatever,”、“Yes”或“No”等态度。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，account for，表“（数量或比例上）占”，符合句意，此句用一般过去时态，设空处填account的过去式。故选K项。 8．考查名词。句意：“password”或“password 1”等易于猜测的变体占4%，而3%的密码表达了“I don’t care”、“Whatever,”、“Yes”或“No”等态度。分析句子可知，此空可填名词作宾语，attitudes，表“态度”，为名词复数，符合句意。故选C项。 9．考查名词。句意：有感性的选择——“I love you”——以及它们的反面——“I hate you”。分析句子可知，此空可填名词作主语，opposite，表“反义词，反面”，为名词，符合句意。故选J项。 10．考查名词。句意：Errata Security公司的Robert Graham进行了分析并发表了结论，他建议，为了更好地防止网络入侵，我们应该选择一个长度超过八个字符、一个大写字母和一个符号的密码。分析句子可知，此空可填名词作宾语，invasion，表“侵犯”，为名词，符合句意。故选A项。 Passage 8 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adaptable  B．broadened  C． dramatically  D．handful  E. inevitably  F. likelihood  G. maintained  H. perception  I. properly  J. remarkable  K. suggested Sense of smell that seems impossible How do we smell odours (气味)? The answer is that the olfactory bulb, a structure at the front of the brain, plays a vital role in our ability to smell. Or, at least, so we thought. Researchers have now discovered a(n) 1 of women who have a perfectly normal sense of smell but who seem to lack olfactory bulbs. The team, including Tali Weiss and Noam Sobel at the Sunshine Institute of Science in U. S., say a lack of olfactory bulbs is unusual but not 2 : one in 10,000 people don’t have them, but we had believed none could smell. However, in the course of a study into possible links between ability to smell and reproduction, the team happened across a 29-year-old woman who was different: she lacked olfactory bulbs but 3 that her sense of smell remained very good. Every test the researchers threw at her 4 that she did indeed have a good ability to distinguish odours, despite lacking the olfactory bulb typically believed necessary to do so. The team 5 the scope of its investigation, and found more women like this, but no men at all. The researchers were able to estimate the 6 of being a woman who can smell normally without these brain structures to be about 0.6 per cent. Strangely, the probability of this happening is raised 7 in left-handed women. Among people who are left-handed, women who lack olfactory bulbs have a roughly 4 per cent chance of still being able to smell 8 . Sobel says this may be further proof as to how 9 the brain is: if it lacks olfactory bulbs, it can recognise itself so other brain regions take on the task of odour 10 . Alternatively, the discoveries might hint that we know less about our ability to smell than we thought. 【答案】 1．D 2．J 3．G 4．K 5．B 6．F 7．C 8．I 9．A 10．H 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关嗅觉的新发现。原本人们认为位于大脑前部的嗅球在人类的嗅觉能力中起着至关重要的作用，但研究人员发现了少量女性虽然没有嗅球，却有着完全正常的嗅觉。 1．考查名词。句意：研究人员现在发现了一组嗅觉完全正常但似乎缺乏嗅球的女性。分析句子可知，此空可填名词，handful ，表“少数”，“a handful of” 表示 “少量的，几个”，符合句意。故选D项。 2．考查形容词。句意：该团队，包括美国阳光科学研究所的Tali Weiss和Noam Sobel，表示嗅球的缺失是不寻常的，但并不显著：每10000人中就有一人没有嗅球，但我们曾认为没有嗅球的人不能闻到气味。分析句子可知，此空可填形容词作表语，remarkable，表“显著的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选J项。 3．考查动词。句意：然而，在一项关于嗅觉和生殖能力之间可能联系的研究过程中，研究小组遇到了一名29岁的女性，她与众不同：她缺乏嗅球，但坚称自己的嗅觉仍然非常好。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，且时态与前面保持一致用一般过去时，maintained，表“断言”，为maintain的过去式，符合句意。故选G项。 4．考查动词。句意：研究人员对她的每一项测试都表明，她确实有很好的辨别气味的能力，尽管她缺乏通常认为必要的嗅球。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，且时态与后面保持一致用一般过去时，suggested，表“表明”，为suggest的过去式，符合句意。故选K项。 5．考查动词。句意：该团队扩大了调查范围，发现了更多这样的女性，但根本没有男性。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，且时态与前面保持一致用一般过去时，broadened ，表“扩大”，为broaden的过去式，符合句意。故选B项。 6．考查名词。句意：研究人员估计，在没有这些大脑结构的情况下，女性能够正常嗅觉的可能性约为0.6%。分析句子可知，此空可填名词作宾语，likelihood，表“可能性”，为名词，符合句意。故选F项。 7．考查副词。句意：奇怪的是，左撇子女性发生这种情况的可能性大大增加。分析句子可知，此空可填副词作状语修饰前面动词，dramatically，表“显著地”，为形容词，符合句意。故选C项。 8．考查副词。句意：在左撇子中，缺乏嗅球的女性有大约4%的机会仍然能够正常嗅觉。分析句子可知，此空可填副词作状语修饰前面动词，properly，表“适当地”，为形容词，符合句意。故选I项。 9．考查形容词。句意：索贝尔说，这可能进一步证明了大脑的适应能力：如果它没有嗅球，它可以识别自己，这样其他大脑区域就可以承担气味感知的任务。分析句子可知，此空可填形容词作表语，adaptable，表“能适应的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选A项。 10．考查副词。句意：索贝尔说，这可能进一步证明了大脑的适应能力：如果它没有嗅球，它可以识别自己，这样其他大脑区域就可以承担气味感知的任务。分析句子可知，此空可填名词作介词宾语，perception，表“感知”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故选H项。 模块三：完形填空·提分锦囊 猜想三：记叙文完形（情感线索+情节推理） 押题解读 押题依据：【近年真题考点分布】 年份 完形填空 2023上海秋考 名词3；动词6；形2；副2；词组2；其中句内理解5；句组理解7；句际理解3 2023上海春考 名词4；动词5；形3；副2；词组1；其中句内理解6；句组理解5；句际理解4 2022上海秋考 名词5；动词5；形3；副0；词组2；其中句内理解6；句组理解6；句际理解3 2022上海春考 名词4；动词5；形4；副0；词组2；其中句内理解7；句组理解5；句际理解3 2021上海秋考 名词5；动词3；形4；副0；词组3；其中句内理解6；句组理解6；句际理解3 2021上海春考 名词6；动词4；形3；副1；词组1；其中句内理解7；句组理解6；句际理解2 2020上海秋考 名词7；动词5；形3；副0；词组0；其中句内理解8；句组理解4；句际理解3 2020上海春考 名词6；动词3；形1；副2；词组3；其中句内理解7；句组理解5；句际理解3 完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。上海高考完型主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。体裁上以议论文为主，说明文为辅。题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。 1.动词：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。 2.名词：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。 3.形容词：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。 4.副词：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。 2025年命题趋势： 2025年上海卷六选四题型将延续“结构为纲，逻辑为本”的命题特点，强化对跨段落信息整合与批判性思维的考查。考生需通过系统化结构分析训练、逻辑词敏感度提升及高频干扰项特征总结，最终实现“快、准、稳”的答题目标。 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context It’s fourteen years since I left the Philippines to live with my family in the USA．A month ago, while on summer vacation back in my motherland, I learned a lesson from mosquito bites. Right before leaving Kennedy Airport in New York, my grandma 1 me of the behavior of the native mosquitoes around the 191 like me. She said, “There’s an old saying ---the 192 you stay away from the motherland, the sweeter your blood 193 to the mosquitoes.” Not 194 it,” I replied, “Grandma, that’s just an old wives’ tale!” Well, less than a week after my arrival in Manila, I was already carpeted with a 195 of mosquito bites. I took many measures to keep myself from being 196 , but they all proved useless. Late one night in my cousin’s home, I couldn’t bear the 197 of the bites. Hoping to find some comfort, I 2 my cousin, who was sleeping peacefully in the bed next to mine. Unhappy for being 3 , she said, “There is nothing you can do. Go back to sleep.” With a few turns, she slept again. Enviously 4 her sleep, I hoped a big mosquito would 5 on her face. However, the mosquitoes would just lightly dance around her forehead and fly away quickly, never biting her. Amazed, I ran to others’ rooms, only to find they were all sleeping 6 as the same thing occurred again and again. From those bites, I came to 7 my grandma’s silly tale. From then on, I’ve always tried to keep a(n) 8 mind about those strange old wives’ tales because they do have some truth to them. 1．A．persuaded B．reminded C．warned D．informed 2．A．students B．foreigners C．passengers D．visitors 3．A．earlier B．longer C．sooner D．later 4．A．grows B．goes C．flows D．remains 5．A．expecting B．understanding C．recognizing D．believing 6．A．shade B．pile C．cloud D．blanket 7．A．touched B．bitten C．defeated D．discovered 8．A．noise B．hit C．pain D．effect 9．A．woke up B．shouted at C．looked for D．dropped on 10．A．blamed B．interrupted C．moved D．frightened 11．A．having B．watching C．making D．helping 12．A．land B．fly C．fall D．wait 13．A．joyfully B．anxiously C．soundlessly D．worriedly 14．A．tell B．know C．remember D．accept 15．A．open B．active C．clear D．honest 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．A 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者祖母告诉作者你远离祖国的时间越长，你的血液对蚊子来说就越香甜，作者起初并不相信，但是在作者在到达马尼拉不到一个星期后，被蚊子叮咬后，想出各种办法防止蚊子叮咬，但都没有用；而当地人却没有受到蚊子的叮咬，所以作者开始接受祖母说的传说。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在离开纽约肯尼迪机场之前，我奶奶警告我要注意像我这样的游客周围的蚊子的行为。A. persuaded说服；B. reminded提醒；C. warned警告；D. informed通知。根据后句“ the behavior of the native mosquitoes”（当地蚊子的行为）warn sb of sth警告某人某事，结合句意。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. students学生；B. foreigners外国人； C. passengers乘客；D. visitors参观者。根据上文“Right before leaving Kennedy Airport in New York”（就在离开纽约肯尼迪机场之前）。可知是作者旅客。故选D。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你远离祖国的时间越长，你的血液对蚊子来说就越香甜。A. earlier更早的；B. longer更长的；C. sooner更快的；D. later更晚的。根据后句“the sweeter your blood 　　4　　 to the mosquitoes”（你的血液对蚊子来说就越香甜）可知是离家越久，血液会越香甜。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. grows变的； B. goes前进； C. flows流动；D. remains仍然。grow意为“变成”，后接形容词，意为“渐渐变得”，强调“逐渐变化”的过程、表示“你离开自己的祖国时间越长，你的血液对蚊子来说变得更甜”.go意为“变得”，主语多是物，往往指向坏的方面转变.flow意为“流，流动";remain意为"保持，逗留，剩余，残存"。故答案为A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：并不相信，我回复到“奶奶，那只是一个古老的传说”。A. expecting期待；B. understanding理解；C. recognizing辨认出；D. believing相信。根据下文中作者对她祖母说的话“ Grandma, that s just an old wives tale”（奶奶，那只是一个古老的传说）可判断出她不相信祖母所说的话。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我到达马尼拉不到一个星期后，我就已经被蚊子叮咬了。A. shade阴凉处；B. pile堆；C. cloud云；D. blanket毯子。根据后句“I took many measures to keep myself from being 　　7　　, but they all proved useless.”（我采取了许多措施来防止自己被咬，但它们都证明是没用的。）a blanket of mosquito bites(一大片被蚊子咬的地方)指作者的身上被蚊子都叮遍了。故选D。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我采取了许多措施来防止自己被咬，但它们都证明是没用的。A. touched触摸；B. bitten咬；C. defeated打败；D. discovered发现。根据后句“but they all proved useless.”（但它们都证明是没用的。）可知作者想办法阻止自己被咬，故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天深夜，在我表妹家，我无法忍受叮咬的疼痛。A. noise噪音；B. hit打；C. pain痛苦；D. effect影响。根据后句“Hoping to find some comfort”（希望能得到一些安慰）可知作者无法忍受叮咬的疼痛。故选C。 9．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：希望能得到一些安慰，我叫醒了我的表妹，她正在我旁边的床上平静地睡觉。A. woke up唤醒；B. shouted at对…大喊；C. looked for寻找；D. dropped on突然访问。根据后句“… was sleeping peacefully in the bed next to mine”（她正在我旁边的床上平静地睡觉）可知是作者叫醒了表妹。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很不高兴被打扰了，便说:你也没有办法。继续睡觉。A. blamed责备；B. interrupted打扰；C. moved感动；D. frightened害怕。根据上句“who was sleeping peacefully in the bed next to mine”（她正在我旁边的床上平静地睡觉）可知是作者叫表妹，打扰了表妹睡觉。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我羡慕地看着她睡觉，希望一只大蚊子会落在她脸上。A. having拥有；B. watching观察； C. making制作；D. helping帮助。根据下文 “However,the mosquitoes would just lightly dance around her forehead and fly away quickly, never biting her.”（然而，蚊子只是在她的前额上轻轻跳着舞，很快地飞走了，从不咬她）可判断作者出注视着表妹睡觉。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. land着陆；B. fly飞；C. fall下降；D. wait等待。根据上文中的“Enviously watching her sleep"可判断出出于妒忌，作者希望一个大蚊子落在表妹的脸上。故选A。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我惊奇地跑到其他房间，只发现他们都在无声地睡觉，同样的事情一次又一次地发生。A. joyfully高兴地；B. anxiously焦虑地；C. soundlessly无声的；D. worriedly担心地。根据上文中的“who was sleeping peacefully in the bed next to mine”（安静地睡在我旁边的床上）和下文中的“as the same thing occurred again and again”（因为同样的事情一再发生）可判断出另外那个房间的人们也在熟睡中。故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从这些咬伤中，我开始接受奶奶愚蠢的故事。A. tell告诉；B. know知道；C. remember记得；D. accept接受。根据上文的内容可判断出由于蚊子把作者的全身都叮遍了，她想出各种办法防止蚊子叮咬，但都没有用，而当地人却没有受到蚊子的叮咬，所以作者开始接受祖母说的传说，故选D。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我对那些奇怪的老妇人的故事总是尽量保持开放的心态，因为它们确实有些真实。A. open开放的； B. active积极的； C. clear清楚的； D. honest诚实的。根据后句“because they do have some truth to them.”（因为他们确实有一些真理）open mind意为“思想开放”，表示对那些奇怪的传说保持思想开放的态度。故选A。 Passage 1 My greatest fear when growing up in a French countryside was that my English mother would speak to me in public in her native tongue loudly. I would feel 1 when she used English on the way back from school. Speaking a different language made her, and even me, look strange. The linguistic (语言的) 2 of different languages during my childhood was held in place by numerous artificial divisions. English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family. Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father, and a language which I 3 regular visits to Italy. Behind these linguistic boundaries was my need to stay secure whatever the environment. On trips to England to visit my mother’s family, I kept my French under 4 . In Italy, I stuck to topics I knew well, in case a random English or French word would reveal my hybrid (混合的) nature. Safe identity was the three-sided 5 . However, after fully experiencing every benefit of my trilingual background, I became a father myself. Assuming that speaking to my London-born children in French would naturally make them bilingual, I acted without 6 . Of course, introducing French into the family has undoubtedly been an additional 7 . It disturbs mealtimes and sets off 8 conversations, pitting my French against everyone else’s English. It makes the children feel they are being 9 with a native French speaker checking on them all along. And, despite their growing comprehension of French, they’ll find any 10 to walk a few steps behind me on the way to school to avoid a conversation in French. But I am persisting. I keep talking with them in French. And without intentional efforts, with the family occasionally talking in Italian, a third language is also integrating itself 11 into my children’s language web. Finally, the linguistic 12 of my upbringing has been copied on my children. No one can deny the role of English in today’s interconnected world. Its domination, 13 , is not to rob my children of the freedom to speak other languages. Actually the popularity of English makes it even urgent for speakers to learn foreign languages, or they will have no linguistic 14 in a competitive world. And my persistence in exposing my children to various languages is my way of showing that the multiplicity and 15 of the world matter, after all. 1．A．regretful B．ashamed C．unique D．refreshed 2．A．co-hosting B．co-existence C．delivery D．co-authoring 3．A．traded for B．enclosed with C．equipped with D．restricted to 4．A．wraps B．guidance C．way D．construction 5．A．evolution B．controversy C．mask D．conquer 6．A．hesitation B．expense C．rhythm D．notice 7．A．negotiation B．routine C．complication D．highlight 8．A．identical B．inharmonious C．illegal D．innovative 9．A．judged B．guided C．reversed D．cheated 10．A．energy B．information C．excuse D．assistance 11．A．imperceptibly B．purposefully C．narrowly D．originally 12．A．output B．obstacle C．combination D．flow 13．A．for example B．however C．in addition D．in general 14．A．profile B．trace C．imitation D．edge 15．A．priority B．civilization C．diversity D．ambition 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者因为童年时期语言环境复杂而害怕母亲在公共场合说英语，但成为父亲后，作者坚持让孩子接触多种语言，认为世界的多样性和丰富性很重要。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她在放学回家的路上说英语时，我会感到羞耻。A. regretful后悔的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. unique独特的；D. refreshed恢复精神的。根据前文“My greatest fear when growing up in a French countryside was that my English mother would speak to me in public in her native tongue loudly.(我在法国农村长大，最大的恐惧是我的英国母亲会在公共场合大声用她的母语对我说话)”可知，作者的母亲会在公共场合大声说英语，作者作为法国人，在公共场合听到母亲说英语会感到羞愧，故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的童年时代，不同语言的共存是由许多人为的划分来维持的。A. co-hosting联合主办；B. co-existence共存；C. delivery递送；D. co-authoring合著。根据后文“English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family.(英语是我们家说的语言。法语是为了上学，一般来说是为了家庭以外的一切)”以及“Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father”可知，作者家里会说英语和法语，即多种语言共存，故选B。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后是意大利语，一种我与父亲联系在一起的语言，一种我限制在定期访问意大利时使用的语言。A. traded for换得；B. enclosed with围住；C. equipped with配备；D. restricted to限于。根据后文“regular visits to Italy”可知，作者只有去意大利才有使用意大利语，即仅限于去意大利才使用，故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去英国拜访我母亲的家人时，我隐藏了自己的法语。A. wraps外衣；B. guidance指导；C. way方法；D. construction建造。根据后文“In Italy, I stuck to topics I knew well, in case a random English or French word would reveal my hybrid nature.(在意大利，我坚持讲我熟悉的话题，以防随便一个英语或法语单词会暴露了我的混合身份)”可知，作者会隐藏与当地不符的语言，keep sth. under wraps意为“把某事隐藏起来，把某事保密”，故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：安全身份是三面面具。A. evolution进化；B. controversy争议；C. mask面具，口罩；D. conquer征服。根据前文“Behind these linguistic boundaries was my need to stay secure whatever the environment.(在这些语言界限的背后，我需要在任何环境下保持安全)”可知，作者需要保持安全，所以作者认为安全的身份是一个面具，故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为和我在伦敦出生的孩子说法语自然会使他们说两种语言，于是我毫不犹豫地采取了行动。A. hesitation犹豫；B. expense花费；C. rhythm韵律；D. notice通知。根据前文“Assuming that speaking to my London-born children in French would naturally make them bilingual”可知，作者认为用法语和孩子在伦敦说话会让他们自然地成为双语者，所以作者毫不犹豫地这样做了，without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”，故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，把法语引入家庭无疑是一个额外的复杂因素。A. negotiation协商；B. routine常规；C. complication复杂化的难题；D. highlight强调。根据后文“It disturbs mealtimes and sets off 8 conversations”可知，把法语引入家庭会扰乱用餐时间，引发复杂情况，故选C。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它扰乱了用餐时间，引发了不和谐的谈话，使我的法语和其他人的英语对立起来。A. identical相同的；B. inharmonious不和谐的；C. illegal非法的；D. innovative创新的。根据前文“It disturbs mealtimes”可知，把法语引入家庭会扰乱用餐时间，所以作者认为这会引发不和谐的对话，故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让孩子们觉得他们一直被一个以法语为母语的人评判着。A. judged评判；B. guided指导；C. reversed逆转；D. cheated欺骗。根据前文“It disturbs mealtimes and sets off inharmonious conversations, pitting my French against everyone else’s English”可知，把法语引入家庭会扰乱用餐时间，引发不和谐的对话，作者说法语，家里其他人说英语，所以孩子们会觉得自己一直在被一个说母语法语的人评判，故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且，尽管他们对法语的理解越来越深，但他们会找任何借口在上学的路上走在我后面几步，以避免用法语交谈。A. energy能量；B. information信息；C. excuse借口；D. assistance帮助。根据后文“to avoid a conversation in French”可知，孩子们想避免用法语交谈，所以他们会找借口走在作者后面几步，故选C。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：没有刻意的努力，随着家人偶尔说意大利语，第三种语言也不知不觉地融入了我孩子的语言网络。A. imperceptibly极微地，不易察觉地；B. purposefully故意地；C. narrowly勉强；D. originally最初。根据前文“without intentional efforts”可知，没有刻意努力，所以第三种语言不易察觉地融入了作者孩子的语言网络，故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我成长过程中的语言组合被复制到了我的孩子身上。A. output输出；B. obstacle障碍；C. combination结合；D. flow流动。根据前文“The linguistic (语言的) 　2　 of different languages during my childhood”和“English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family. Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father”可知，作者的成长过程中结合了三种不同的语言，最后这种结合的语言环境被复制到了孩子身上，故选C。 13．考查介词短语和副词辨析。句意：然而，它的统治并不是要剥夺我的孩子们说其他语言的自由。A. for example例如；B. however然而；C. in addition此外；D. in general通常。根据前文“No one can deny the role of English in today’s interconnected world”和后文“is not to rob my children of the freedom to speak other languages”可知，前后句之间为转折关系，所以空白处应填however，意为“然而”，故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，英语的普及使得说英语的人学习外语变得更加迫切，否则他们将在竞争激烈的世界中失去语言优势。A. profile轮廓；B. trace踪迹；C. imitation模仿；D. edge优势，边缘。根据前文“Actually the popularity of English makes it even urgent for speakers to learn foreign languages”可知，英语的普及使得说英语的人学习外语变得更加迫切，所以如果不学习外语，他们将在竞争激烈的世界中失去语言学优势，故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我坚持让孩子们接触各种语言，这正是我向他们传递世界多元性和多样性重要性的方法。A. priority优先权；B. civilization文明；C. diversity多样性；D. ambition抱负。根据前文“my persistence in exposing my children to various languages is my way of showing that the multiplicity”可知，作者坚持让孩子接触多种语言，所以作者认为世界的多样性很重要，故选C。 Passage 2 About six months ago, I joined a gym. Every morning, there was one personal trainer there who practised at the same time that my little group did our 1 . He worked out with such a quiet 2 that he made it all look very easy, although I knew all too well how hard he was working. Whenever I tended to complain and 3 , I watched him push himself to his own limits, and I found myself 4 to work as hard and without complaint. A couple of weeks ago, I was watching him do chin-ups (引体向上). He made them look 5 . I broke away from my group and asked him if I could try a chin-up. I had never tried before, but he just made it look so easy. He eagerly stepped aside and 6 me to step up to the bar. I pulled myself up without thinking...once...then twice. That was all I had in me. I had no 7 left. I told him that was all I had, so he stepped up behind me and 8 me up for a third and fourth “pull”. It felt so good. The next day when I was done with my workout, I asked him to spot me again. Again, I did two. Again, on Day 3 and so on. I thought it was a 9 that I could only do two. but when I came lo the gym at the end of the week, he was standing there, nodding his head and said to me he was 10 with my chin-ups. He told me that when they are training firefighters, the men are required to do five chin-ups, and women are required to do one or two. He 11 that most people couldn't do them at all, and that he was amazed that I could. He further told me that if l 12 every day, I would be doing five or six in no time. At this point I should probably 13 that I am 50 years old... and female. If he had told me at the very beginning how 14 it was, I more than likely would not have tried at all. 15 I might have tried, but given it only half an effort, because failure would have been the expectation. I applauded him for letting me believe that for me, it was not only a possibility, but that success was a realistic expectation. 1．A．creating B．training C．maintaining D．confusing 2．A．determination B．courage C．patience D．responsibility 3．A．hold back B．turn over C．run out D．give up 4．A．motivated B．satisfied C．surprised D．challenged 5．A．unbelievable B．balanced C．helpful D．effortless 6．A．encouraged B．forced C．persuaded D．ordered 7．A．confidence B．breath C．strength D．faith 8．A．dragged B．kicked C．pushed D．carried 9．A．concern B．chance C．pressure D．pity 10．A．impressed B．busy C．bored D．strict 11．A．recalled B．announced C．explained D．worried 12．A．learned B．practised C．succeeded D．checked 13．A．complain B．argue C．add D．repeat 14．A．troublesome B．obvious C．disgusting D．difficult 15．A．So B．And C．Or D．While 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者在健身房锻炼时，看到一位教练做引体向上很轻松，就也想去试一试。在教练的鼓励下，作者尽全力去做这件事。是这位教练让作者相信成功是一种能够实现的期望。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，那里都有一个私人教练在我们小组训练的同时练习。A. creating创造；B. training训练；C. maintaining维持；D. confusing使困惑。根据上文“About six months ago, I joined a gym.(大约六个月前，我加入了一家健身房)”以及“my little group did our”可知，在健身房应该是在进行小组训练。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他以一种安静的决心锻炼身体，使一切看起来都很容易，尽管我非常清楚他有多努力。A. determination决心；B. courage勇气；C. patience耐心；D. responsibility责任。根据后文“that he made it all look very easy, although I knew all too well how hard he was working.”可知，这名私教在坚定地安静训练。故选A。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：每当我想抱怨和放弃的时候，我看着他把自己逼到极限，我发现自己也被激励着努力工作，没有抱怨。A. hold back阻止；B. turn over翻转；C. run out用完；D. give up放弃。根据上文“Whenever I tended to complain and”可知，指作者抱怨想要放弃。故选D。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当我想抱怨和放弃的时候，我看着他把自己逼到极限，我发现自己也被激励着努力工作，没有抱怨。A. motivated受到激励的；B. satisfied满足的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. challenged挑战。根据后文“to work as hard and without complaint”可知，作者看到对方训练刻苦，自己也被激励了。故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他做起来看上去毫不费力。A. unbelievable难以置信；B. balanced平衡的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. effortless毫不费力的。根据第一段的“he makes it all look very easy”和本段的“he just made it look so easy”，可知，他做起来毫不费力。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他急切地走到一边，鼓励我走到杆子前。A. encouraged鼓励；B. forced迫使；C. persuaded说服；D. ordered命令。根据后文“I pulled myself up without thinking...once...then twice. That was all I had in me.(我想都没想就拉了起来……有一次……然后两次。我用尽全力了)”可知，对方鼓励作者做引体向上。故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没力气了。A. confidence自信；B. breath呼吸；C. strength力气；D. faith信念。根据上文“That was all I had in me.(我用尽全力了)”可知，作者用完了力气。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我告诉他我没力气了，所以他走到我身后，把我推了上去，进行第三次和第四次引体向上。A. dragged拖拉；B. kicked踢腿；C. pushed推；D. carried搬运。根据后文“me up for a third and fourth “pull””可知，对方把没力气的作者向上推，做第三次和第四次引体向上。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得我只能做两个很可惜，但是当我周末来到健身房的时候，他站在那里，点头并对我说我的引体向上给他留下了深刻的印象。A. concern关心；B. chance机会；C. pressure压力；D. pity遗憾。根据后文“that I could only do two”可知，作者只能做两个引体向上，感到遗憾可惜。故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我觉得我只能做两个很可惜，但是当我周末来到健身房的时候，他站在那里，点头并对我说我的引体向上给他留下了深刻的印象。A. impressed印象深刻的；B. busy忙；C. bored厌倦的；D. strict严格的。根据下文“most people couldn’t do them at all, and that he was amazed that I could”可知，大多数受训者根本无法完成我所做的，所以教练对于作者的表现印象深刻。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他解释说，大多数人根本做不到，而我却能做到，这让他很惊讶。A. recalled记起；B. announced宣布；C. explained解释；D. worried担心。根据下文“most people can’t do them at all”可知，教练在解释为什么对作者印象深刻。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他进一步告诉我，如果我每天练习，我很快就会做五六个。A. learned学习；B. practised练习；C. succeeded成功；D. checked检查。根据后文“I would be doing five or six in no time”要做五六个引体向上需要每天练习。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个时候，我应该补充一点，我已经50岁了……并且是女性。A. complain投诉；B. argue争论；C. add补充说；D. repeat重复。根据下文的“I am 50 years old... and female”可知，作者是在补充说明自己的情况。故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果他一开始就告诉我有多难，我很可能根本就不会去尝试。A. troublesome麻烦的；B. obvious显然的；C. disgusting令人反感的；D. difficult困难的。根据后文“I more than likely would not have tried at all”可知，如果一开始就知道有这么困难，作者就不会去尝试了。故选D。 15．考查连词词义辨析。句意：或者我也可以试一试，但只付出一半的努力，因为预料到要失败。A. So所以；B. And而且；C. Or或者；D. While同时。上文的“I more than likely would not have tried at all”和下文的“I might have tried.”两者是选择关系，所以应该用连词or。故选C。 Passage 3 I was thrilled to cover a new expedition to Qomolangma as a journalist. However, as I got off the vehicle at the base camp, I was immediately 1 by dizziness and shortness of breath — 2 of mountain sickness. Even the act of taking a few steps demanded an extraordinary amount of 3 . At that moment, a question 4 within me: Why do people keep climbing Mount Qomolangma? When asked this question, British mountaineer George Mallory gave his famous 5 : “Because it’s there.” Mallory reminded me of countless climbers who have put their lives at risk to 6 the mountain’s towering height with their own footsteps. They encounter an almost vertical (垂直的) wall close to the top. It is so difficult to find 7 points for climbing that the earliest climbers thought no one could 8 the wall. In 1960, Liu Lianman, a Chinese climber, let his teammates 9 on his shoulders to cross the wall. Already 10 , he gathered all his strength to uplift his teammates. Though his 11 did not appear on the list of those who reached the top, Liu is undoubtedly a true 12 . I recalled the interview with Dong Hongjuan, the first woman to conquer (征服) 14 mountains above 8,000 meters, who 13 understands how small humans are compared to 14 . She told me: “I never felt I conquered those mountains; it’s just that the mountains 15 me.” 1．A．struck B．taught C．found D．drawn 2．A．causes B．types C．risks D．signs 3．A．patience B．money C．energy D．practice 4．A．ended B．arose C．remained D．lay 5．A．suggestion B．response C．conclusion D．guidance 6．A．adjust B．cover C．measure D．confirm 7．A．check B．view C．rest D．support 8．A．get past B．come across C．go through D．take back 9．A．work B．fight C．cry D．step 10．A．exhausted B．terrified C．annoyed D．disappointed 11．A．story B．name C．act D．failure 12．A．champion B．talent C．hero D．friend 13．A．hardly B．slightly C．firstly D．truly 14．A．time B．life C．nature D．success 15．A．protected B．accepted C．admired D．discovered 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是关于攀登珠穆朗玛峰（珠峰）的探险故事以及人们攀登这座世界最高峰的不同动机和体验。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我在大本营下车时，我立刻感到头晕和呼吸急促——这是高原反应的征兆。A. struck（疾病、灾难等）侵袭；B. taught教；C. found发现；D. drawn拉。根据下文“by dizziness and shortness of breath”可知，作者感到头晕和呼吸急促，也就是被头晕和呼吸急促侵袭，因此空格处用struck。故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我在大本营下车时，我立刻感到头晕和呼吸急促——这是高原反应的征兆。A. causes原因；B. types种类；C. risks风险；D. signs征兆。根据上文“dizziness and shortness of breath”和下文“mountain sickness”可知，头晕和呼吸急促是高原反应的征兆。故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使只是走几步也需要耗费大量的精力。A. patience耐心；B. money钱；C. energy精力；D. practice练习。根据上文“mountain sickness”可知，作者有高原反应，所以走几步路也需要耗费大量的精力。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，一个问题在我脑海中浮现。A. ended结束；B. arose出现；C. remained保持；D. lay躺。根据下文“Why do people keep climbing Mount Qomolangma”可知，作者的脑子里出现了一个问题。故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问及这个问题时，英国登山家George Mallory给出了他著名的回答：“因为它就在那里。”A. suggestion建议；B. response回答；C. conclusion结论；D. guidance指导。根据上文“When asked this question”和下文“Because it’s there”可知，空后是作者对前面问题的回答。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mallory让我想起了无数的登山者，他们冒着生命危险，用自己的脚步测量这座山的高度。A. adjust调整；B. cover覆盖；C. measure测量；D. confirm确认。根据下文“the mountain’s towering height”可知，此处表示测量山的高度。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：要找到攀岩的支撑点是如此困难，以至于最早的登山者认为没有人能翻过这堵墙。A. check检查；B. view看待；C. rest休息；D. support支撑。根据上文“They encounter an almost vertical (垂直的) wall close to the top”和下文“points for climbing”可知，在几乎垂直的地方要找到攀登的支撑点是很困难的。故选D。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：要找到攀岩的支撑点是如此困难，以至于最早的登山者认为没有人能翻过这堵墙。A. get past绕过障碍物；B. come across偶遇；C. go through经历；D. take back拿回。根据上文“It is so difficult to find support points for climbing”可知，要找到攀登的支撑点很困难，所以最早的登山者认为没有人能翻过这堵墙，空格处用get past。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1960年，中国攀岩运动员Liu Lianman让队友踩在他的肩膀上翻越这堵墙。A. work工作；B. fight斗争；C. cry哭；D. step踩。根据下文“on his shoulders to cross the wall”可知，Liu Lianman让队友踩在他的肩膀上翻越这堵墙。故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他已经筋疲力尽了，但他还是鼓起了所有的力量去鼓舞他的队友。A. exhausted筋疲力尽的；B. terrified非常害怕的；C. annoyed生气的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“on his shoulders to cross the wall”可知，Liu Lianman让队友踩在他的肩膀上翻越这堵墙，所以他已经筋疲力尽了。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的名字没有出现在登顶者的名单上，但他无疑是一位真正的英雄。A. story故事；B. name名字；C. act行动；D. failure失败。根据下文“on the list of those who reached the top”可知，他的名字没有出现在登顶者的名单上。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的名字没有出现在登顶者的名单上，但他无疑是一位真正的英雄。A. champion冠军；B. talent才能；C. hero英雄；D. friend朋友。根据上文“let his teammates step on his shoulders to cross the wall”可知，他让队友踩在自己的肩膀上去攀登，所以他是真正的英雄。故选C。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我想起了对Dong Hongjuan的采访，Dong Hongjuan是第一个征服14座8000米以上山峰的女人，她真正明白与自然相比，人类是多么渺小。A. hardly几乎不；B. slightly稍微；C. firstly首先；D. truly真正地。根据下文“understands how small humans are”可知，Dong Hongjuan征服14座8000米以上山峰，她真正明白与自然相比人类是渺小的。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想起了对Dong Hongjuan的采访，Dong Hongjuan是第一个征服14座1400米以上山峰的女人，她真正明白与自然相比，人类是多么渺小。A. time时间；B. life生活；C. nature自然；D. success成功。根据上文“conquer (征服) 14 mountains above 8,000 meters”可知，Dong Hongjuan征服了14座1400米以上山峰，她明白与自然相比人类是渺小的。故选C。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：只是大山接纳了我。A. protected保护；B. accepted接受；C. admired羡慕；D. discovered发现。根据上文“I never felt I conquered those mountains”可知，她觉得自己没有征服大山，而是大山接受了她。故选B。 猜想四：说明文完形（科学术语+逻辑衔接） 押题解读 1.科技与伦理 高频话题：人工智能应用（如医疗诊断、教育）、脑科学（神经可塑性、记忆存储机制）、新能源技术（太阳能、氢能）。 典型例文：Gist Reasoning Training（脑训练项目）、电池超级工厂（gigafactories）的循环经济模式。 命题特点：嵌入专业术语（algorithm, neural network, carbon footprint），强调技术双面性（便利性 vs. 伦理争议）。 2.环境保护与可持续发展 高频话题：气候变化（海平面上升）、生物多样性保护（候鸟迁徙危机）、碳中和路径（碳捕捉技术）、塑料污染治理。 典型例文：加尔维斯顿候鸟撞击大楼事件、海平面上升研究报告。 命题特点：数据驱动（如“2050年海平面上升1英尺”），因果逻辑（人类活动→生态影响→解决方案）。 3.文化传承与健康 高频话题：传统医学现代化（针灸国际化）、心理健康干预（数字时代焦虑）、健康生活方式（运动与脑健康）。 典型例文：针灸原理及全球应用、脑训练项目提升认知功能。 命题特点：文化负载词（如“经络/meridian”“气/qi”）需结合语境解释，中西医理念对比（如“整体治疗” vs. “精准医疗”）。 4.社会问题与创新 高频话题：城乡医疗资源失衡、快时尚产业可持续转型、电子垃圾回收。 典型例文：农村医疗障碍及远程医疗解决方案、消费电子产业的“城市采矿”。 命题特点：聚焦现实矛盾（如“资源短缺→技术创新”），考查解决方案词汇（telehealth, circular economy）。 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Scientists in the U. S. have developed a new training program for the brain that they say can make you smarter. Called “Gist(主旨)Reasoning Training,” the program developed out of the University of Texas at Dallas goes beyond standard memory recall and information 1 tests and improves cognitive performance by 2 the brain in areas like strategic attention, integrated reasoning and innovation, they claim. To start, participants - who ranged from teenagers and healthy adults to brain injury victims and seniors at risk for Alzheimer’s disease - were 3 with filtering competing information and focusing on only important, essential components. They were also instructed to 4 the information, finding common 5 or developing generalized statements from what they were reading. Each strategy was designed to build on the previous exercise. Participants were encouraged to apply the same mental strategies outside the training sessions. After about a dozen 45- to 60- minute sessions, conducted over two months, cognitive 6 were recorded in areas like abstraction, reasoning and innovation, scientists said, and by extension, also improved memory, planning and problem solving. “What’s exciting about this work is that in randomized trials 7 gist reasoning training to memory training, we found that it was not learning new information that engaged widespread brain networks and 8 cognitive performance, but rather actually 9 processing of information and using that information in new ways that augmented brain performance,” said the study co-author Sandra Bond Chapman in a statement. 10 helping seniors improve their cognitive function in old age, a strategic and more analytical approach to brain boosting exercises could also be used by young people to develop an early 11 , and help middle-aged adults sharpen their skills and remain“ 12 healthy,” scientists say. The study was published in the journal Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. Research out of the University of Los Angeles California published last year also found that older adults who 13 used a brain-fitness program called Dakim Brain Fitness improved their memory and language skills. Another 14 way to keep mentally fit? Hit the pavement and go for a run or brisk walk, as it’s been well 15 that physical activity is an effective brain booster. 1．A．preserving B．progressing C．processing D．protecting 2．A．challenging B．exchanging C．transplanting D．transforming 3．A．provided B．tasked C．connected D．mixed 4．A．offer B．search C．investigate D．interpret 5．A．themes B．senses C．knowledge D．claims 6．A．performances B．gains C．benefits D．procedures 7．A．referring B．applying C．comparing D．turning 8．A．reduced B．elevated C．advanced D．faded 9．A．clearer B．vaguer C．wider D．deeper 10．A．Instead of B．But for C．In addition to D．In terms of 11．A．advantage B．disadvantage C．innocence D．conscience 12．A．physically B．physiologically C．psychologically D．mentally 13．A．regularly B．irregularly C．reluctantly D．illegally 14．A．imaginary B．proven C．stimulating D．complicated 15．A．authorized B．accomplished C．established D．organized 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是新开发的一种大脑训练项目，主要是通过训练，提高大脑的战略注意力、综合推理判断力和创新方面的认知表现力。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们声称，这个名为“主旨推理训练”的项目由德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校开发，超越了标准的记忆回忆和信息处理测试，通过在战略注意力、综合推理和创新等领域挑战大脑，提高了认知表现。A. preserving保护；B. progressing进步；C. processing加工；D. protecting保护。根据上文中的“...standard memory recall...”可知，此处值得是“信息处理”，process意为“加工，处理”符合语境。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们声称，这个名为“主旨推理训练”的项目由德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校开发，超越了标准的记忆回忆和信息处理测试，通过在战略注意力、综合推理和创新等领域挑战大脑，提高了认知表现。A. challenging挑战；B. exchanging交换；C. transplanting移植；D. transforming转换。根据上文中的“...and improves cognitive performance...”可知，此处为通过“挑战”大脑战略$$2025年高考终极押题猜想（上海专用） 高分的秘密武器：核心密押+精准预测 模块一：语法填空·核心必刷 2 猜想一 高频语法点密押（时态/非谓语/从句） 2 模块二：选词填空·高分秘诀 10 猜想二：选词填空词性破题（动词/名词/形容词） 10 模块三：完形填空·提分锦囊 19 猜想三：记叙文完形（情感线索+情节推理） 19 猜想四：说明文完形（科学术语+逻辑衔接） 24 模块四：阅读理解·题型全突破 34 猜想五：应用文阅读（广告/通知/实用指南） 34 猜想六：记叙文阅读（情感故事/成长励志） 42 猜想七：说明文阅读（科普/社会现象深度解析） 57 猜想八：六选四高分突破（逻辑衔接+上下文推理） 73 模块五：概要写作·化繁为简 82 猜想九：说明文/议论文概要写作（科技创新/社会现象） 82 模块六：翻译·高分秘籍 92 猜想十：翻译考点突破（文化/科技/价值观） 92 模块七：书面表达·万能模板 97 猜想十一：应用文写作（书信/邮件/演讲稿） 97 模块八：热点素材·预测押题 107 猜想十二：2025必考话题（AI技术/环保/文化自信） 107 4 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 模块一：语法填空·核心必刷 猜想一 高频语法点密押（时态/非谓语/从句） 押题解读 押题依据：往年高考知识点分布 年份 语法填空 2023上海秋考 介词1；代词1；冠词0；非谓语3；时态语态1；情态动词1；定从1；名从1；状从1 2023上海春考 介词1；代词1；冠词0；非谓语3；时态语态2；定从1；名从1；状从1 2022上海秋考 介词1；代词1；冠词1；非谓语3；时态语态2；定从1；名从1；状从0 2022上海春考 介词1；代词1；冠词0；非谓语3；时态语态1；定从1；名从2；状从1 2021上海秋考 介词1；代词1；冠词0；非谓语3；时态语态2；定从1；名从1；状从1 2021上海春考 介词1；代词1；情态1；非谓语3；祈使句1；定从1；名从1；状从1 2020上海秋考 介词1；助动词1；形容词最高级1；非谓语2；时态语态2；定从1；名从1；状从1 2020上海春考 介词1；代词1；冠词0；非谓语2；时态语态2；定从1；名从2；状从1 考点分析 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 有提示词 形容词/ 副词 原 级 1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形 2、修饰比较级最高级的词 3、less/least+adj/adv情况 4、双写+er的单词 比较级 最高级 动词 时态语态 1、各种时态的标志词以及特征 2、主动表被动情况 不定式 1、不定式作主宾表定状补 2、动名词作主宾表定 3、分词作表定状补 4、各种非谓语的时态语态 动名词 分 词 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 无提示词 冠词 定冠词/不定冠词 判断语境是特指还是非特指 介词 搭配及其他 熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法 代词 人称物主代词 1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分 2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语 3、代词作定语 不定代词 反身单词 动词 情态动词 观察语境中暗含的情感和态度 助动词/系动词 倒装情况 从属连词 定语从句 1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法 2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long....情况 3、表语从句连接词as if，because 名词性从句 状语从句 强调句 并列连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系 2025年命题趋势： 2025年上海卷语法填空题将延续“语法为基，语境为翼”的命题思路，强调语法规则的实际应用与复杂语境的综合分析能力。考生需通过系统化语法体系构建、高频错题定向突破及跨学科语料积累，最终实现从“规则记忆”到“灵活运用”的能力跃迁。 一、命题特点分析 1. 语境化与实用性并重 趋势：语法填空不再孤立考查语法规则，而是将语法融入科技、生态、文化等真实语境中，强调“用语言解决实际问题”。 2. 复合句结构占比提升 趋势：增加定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句的嵌套结构，考查逻辑分析能力。 3. 动词相关考点强化 高频考点： 动词时态与语态（尤其过去完成时、被动语态）；非谓语动词（不定式表目的、分词作状语）；情态动词表推测（must have done, could possibly） 4. 逻辑衔接词隐性考查 趋势：减少显性连词（如and, but），增加隐性逻辑关系词（如therefore, however, consequently）。 二、备考策略建议 1. 话题专项突破 科技类：精读《Nature》科技新闻，积累“algorithm optimization”“quantum computing”等术语的语法搭配。 生态类：训练被动语态与数据描述句式（如“A 30% surge in...”）。 文化类：掌握“heritage preservation”“cultural identity”等短语的介词搭配（如“preservation of”）。 2. 语法能力强化 动词专项：每日分析2-3句含复杂动词结构的真题（如虚拟语气、非谓语作后置定语）。 逻辑衔接训练：梳理“因果、对比、递进”关系词在不同语境中的替换表达。 3. 真题逆向拆解 近5年真题分析：统计高频考点分布。 错误选项归类：建立错题本，标注“主谓一致陷阱”“时态混淆”等典型错误类型。 4. 跨学科知识储备 关注“东数西算”工程、碳交易机制等政策文件双语版，积累专业表述（如“data center colocation”）。 2025年上海高考英语语法填空将呈现“语境深度绑定国家战略、语法能力融合逻辑思维”的命题特征。考生需以话题词汇库为基础，以复合句分析为核心，以真题逻辑拆解为路径，在“语法精准性”与“语境适应性”间找到平衡，方能在新高考中稳操胜券。 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Future living: what will the home of tomorrow look like? What will our homes be like in the future? Growing cities, shrinking living spaces, and climate change are major challenges 1 (face) urban planners and architects. We’re sharing three trends with you 2 will shape the home we live in tomorrow. Energy efficient and carbon neutral One of the greatest challenges for homes of the future is our increasing energy consumption, something that cannot be covered by fossil fuels going forward. 3 the impact of climate change becoming notable, it’s perfectly understandable that the buildings of the future could function as environmentally friendly power plants. Solar collectors and heat storage systems allow 4 are known as ‘plus-energy buildings’ to produce 100 percent renewable energy for emission-free operation. The trend to downsizing Living more efficiently not only means improving energy use and reducing one’s own carbon footprint, but also building to save space. Rooms 5 (design) to be multifunctional when there’s not a dedicated room available for every potential purpose. Modular and flexible furnishing systems that can be adapted to the individual floor space and room zones will replace 6 (fix) structures, ensuring that there’s room for everything even in a small space.   Trends for living and working under one roof Over the last few months, the office 7 (become) a feature in many people’s homes. For a number of years now, the home office has been evolving from a make-do desk into a comfortable long-term solution. This development means we need to ask 8 how we should construct our living spaces to allow us to concentrate and work productively.   9 you rent or own your own home in the future, what’s clear is that the home of tomorrow will be smarter, more flexible, and more sustainable. It will offer us space 10 (live), sleep and work both indoors and outdoors. Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Du Fu is considered to be one of the 1 ( great) poets of the Tang Dynasty in China. His mother died while he was young, and 2 aunt helped raised him. Though he studied for the civil service exam to become a civil servant like his father, Du Fu failed 3 ( pass ) and spent many years traveling. His early poems combined incidents from his travels 4 the hardships he experienced. DuFu 5 (appoint) registrar(登记员) in the prince’s palace, but the An Lushan Rebellion(叛乱) of 755 prevented him from 6 (occupy) the post. The rebellion, 7 lasted for nearly eight years, severely disrupted Chinese society. In these years, he led a hard life, writing poems about the events he witnessed. DuFu 8 (final) moved to Sichuan, where he lived in a cottage and 9 (write) many poems describing his relatively happy life. His last years were spent moving from place to place , including a two-year period at Kuizhou. He is described as a poet-historian, and his works record many political and social 10 ( event). Passage 2 The ancient wisdom of Sun Tzu’s “The Art of War” continues to strike a chord, transcending (超越) time and borders, and has now inspired the youth of Kenya. Kenyatta University, Kenya’s second oldest university, recently set up a Study House of Sun Tzu, 1 his influential books are on display and available for reading by local students, opening a window 2 them to delve into Chinese culture, philosophy, and the strategic wisdom that has withstood 3 test of time. Eddy Paul Kirimi, a 20-year-old student at the university, said that Sun Tzu’s works have profoundly influenced his understanding of life and work, emphasizing the 4 (virtue) of determination and strategic thinking. His understanding deepened later with a six-month language course in Shandong, China, where he not only experienced Chinese traditions but also recognized the 5 (grow) importance of cross-cultural competence as Chinese businesses expand in Kenya. Phyllis Wahura Maina, another student at the university, 6 (embrace) Sun Tzu’s philosophy since she started reading the book, allowing it 7 (shape) her approach to life’s challenges. “His wisdom is a beacon, guiding us to think proactively and 8 (strategic),” she said, expressing her desire for a future of Sino-Kenyan cooperation 9 promises mutual growth and understanding. As the youth of Kenya engage with Sun Tzu’s 10 (time) lessons, they carry forward a legacy that knows no boundaries, a legacy that empowers them to face the future with the wisdom of the past. Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Imagine you are out fishing on the high seas - the wind and water are clean and comfortable and you begin bringing up your first catch of the day. That's when everything goes wrong. Your fishing nets are tangled up (缠成一团) in older, abandoned fishing tool, and you're unable to untangle them. Your equipment 1 (ruin), and all of the fish you have worked so hard to catch are trapped. They will die 2 you are unable to draw or free them. Ghost fishing has claimed yet another victim. Ghost fishing is what abandoned fishing tool does. It still catches fish, but no one benefits. Trapped fish die and attract scavengers (清道夫) 3 also get caught, creating a vicious cycle. In fact, lost fishing tool, or "ghost tool," is among 4 (great) killers in the oceans. This tool further reduces the already declining number of fish. Environmental agencies estimate that 10 percent of all seawater litter is lost or deserted fishing tool 5 (equal) 640,000 tons every year. Fortunately, these agencies are asking why this is happening and what 6 be done to stop it. It's not the intention of the majority of fishermen to lose their tool. In most circumstances bad weather is to blame. But in other cases fishermen throw their tool in the ocean on purpose, risking expensive fines. But to them, it's worth the risk 7 (free) up space onboard, cut fuel costs or avoid paying handling fees. 8 equipment loss is accidental or not, a strategy involving tool identification seems to be a practical solution. By marking tool with electronic tags and utilizing GPS technology, owners are more likely to recover lost tool and less likely to abandon it. Currently, ownership regulations are reportedly very weak. Leading the effort for tagging fishing tool and creating accountability is the GGTI (Global Ghost Tool Initiative). 9 (launch) in 2015, the GGTI is the first organization of its kind. It's brought together an organization of governments, fishing-industry executives, seafood companies and non-profits. Their efforts to get back and recycle the tool 10 (improve) marine environment, protecting fish and fishermen's way of life. Ghost fishing poses a serious threat to the fishing industry worldwide, and a global effort is needed to solve it. Passage 4 Round table The most affectionate memory of my childhood is about 1 round table. When I was still little, my entire family would reunite on almost every traditional festival to have dinner. While the grown-ups were discussing about something 2 our comprehension, we kids would be scuttling around or even crouching under the table to play hide and seek. When I got a bit older, my aunt brought back her boyfriend, a tall and shy man, and my grandma joyfully added another seat to the round table. It seemed a little bit 3 (crowded), but we all felt closer to this new family member. When I was 12, my grandpa passed away because of cancer, but when the entire family reunite once again, his chair, his bowl and his chopsticks remain the same. 4 his seat was empty, it felt like that he had never left us. We all have a table like this in our homes, which is a symbol of the reunion of our families, 5 (represent) our sentiment and attachment to our families. As a matter of fact, in China, almost everything can be solved over a round table. The marriage vows between a loving couple, the mourning of the deceased, the negotiations between business partners and a state banquet to another president from another country 6 all happen on a same round table. So I started to wonder 7 is this round table to us and its true significance starts to unfold in front of me. The food on the table may change with time; the people sitting beside it may come and go; the reasons why we come together may be various, but the sensation behind it remains, year after year, the same. Every year, an annual epic migration takes place in China. Hundreds of people, men and women, young and old, the rich and the poor, the dead and the alive, will find a way to go back home and go to the round table 8 (reunite) with their families. The power that drives him to do so has been a power that has been sustaining Chinese civilization for thousands of years. And the lives of us, or even the history of our nation have been the stories of looking for a running to the round table 9 we belong. The round table 10 (be) a symbol of the Chinese sensation. It was. It is. And it will always be. Passage 5 AI Weather Forecasting Can’t Replace Humans — Yet As Hurricane Lee was curving (呈曲线) northward to the west of Bermuda in mid-September of last year, forecasters were busily consulting weather models and data from hurricane — hunter aircraft to calculate 1 the dangerous storm was likely to make landfall (着陆): New England or farther east, in Canada. The sooner the meteorologists (气象学家) could do so, the earlier they could warn those in the path of damaging wind gusts and fierce storm surges. By six days ahead of landfall, it was clear that Lee 2 (follow) the eastward path, and warnings were issued, accordingly. But aother tool — an experimental AI model called GraphCast — 3 (call) that outcome accurately three whole days before the forecasters’ traditional models. GraphCast’s prediction is a window into AI’s potential 4 (improve) weather forecasts. But whether it is a forecaster of a true sea change in the field or will simply become one of many tools 5 human forecasters consult to determine which way the winds will blow is still up in the air. GraphCast, developed by Google DeepMind, is the latest of several AI weather models 6 (release) in recent years. Google’s Metnet, first introduced in 2020, is already being used in products such as the company’s “nowcast” in its weather app. All are advertised as having an accuracy that is comparable with or higher than 7 on the best non-AI forecasting computer models and have caused a sensation in meteorology, with GraphCast 8 (cause) the most significant stir so far. The DeepMind research team had put GraphCast through its paces by feeding it historical weather data to see if it could accurately “predict” what happened. The study showed the AI performed equal to or even better than the gold standard. 9 GraphCast becomes probabilistic-- and even if the model’s resolution improves and the AI becomes more accurate in its forecasts of rain and storm intensity - modeling remains just a single component of the weather- prediction pipeline, says Hendrik Tolman, senior adviser for advanced modeling systems at the NWS. However, every expert described GraphCast and other Al models as additional devices in their tool kit. If AI 10 produce accurate forecasts quickly and cheaply, there’s no reason not to begin using it together with existing methods. But will there be a world where AI models replace physics- based models— and people -- in the future? Forecasts suggest there’s little chance. Passage 6 How to Be Stylish While Protecting the Environment Despite the huge numbers of people who care about the environment and love clothes, there is a basic conflict about being green and being fashionable. This is because the fashion industry depends on a constant stream of ever-changing trends, 1 means you have to keep consuming. However, buying 2 awful lot of things that you don’t need, in this case new clothes, is harmful to the environment. Even so, there are still some measures you can take to achieve 3 of the goals. Firstly, rather than base your choice of clothes on 4 the fashion industry says you should, choose your own look. If you do this, you’ll look a lot more like an individual, and probably 5 (genuinely) stylish. It does not require any sense of style 6 (copy) the looks in fashion magazines but developing your own certainly does. You’ll find that you buy fewer clothes 7 they aren’t going in and out of fashion every week, and this helps the environment. Some people think that another way of achieving this is to buy only natural materials, like cotton. But the production of some plant-based materials involves the use of enormous quantities of pesticides (杀虫剂). In fact, cotton is an especially dirty crop, with methods 8 (use) in its production which can destroy the local environment. If you want to avoid adding to soil and water pollution in this manner, simply 9 (choose) organic materials. In the end, what you wear is your choice and no one would suggest that this should not be a free choice. But we hope that, 10 (read) this, you will be aware of the impact your choices may have on the health of our planet. Passage 7 Are You Ready to Hug a Robot? Getting hugged tends to be a powerful positive emotional experience. Hugs have been shown to enhance social bonding and emotional well-being. However, not everyone can get a hug 1 they need one. Some people are lonely and do not have anyone to hug them. Others may be in long-distance relationships 2 it is not easy to get physical affection from their partner. In this case, they 3 receive fewer hugs than they like. How can this problem be solved? 4 scientists have proposed is to develop hug robots. This could offer lonely people the positive effects of getting hugged without the need 5 (seek) a person who could hug them. Nevertheless, designing a hug robot is not an easy task. For example, if the robot is very large and made mostly of metal, people might be frightened of it, 6 happily hugging it. Therefore, psychological research is needed. A new study, which 7 (publish) in International Journal recently, focuses on the development of Moffuly-II, a newly developed hug robot, which can move its arms to perform different small gestures during the hug. When two people hug, they often do specific things with their hands, such as clapping the 8 (hug)person on the back to signal sympathy. It is important that a hug robot can perform similar gestures, too. In the study, the scientists wanted to know whether these gestures would make a robot hug 9 (appealing). Volunteers who Moffully-Il hugged generally preferred hugs with gestures to gesture-less hugs. They felt that the robot was more friendly when 10 (perform) gestures. The findings of the study indicate that it is possible to design a robot that people enjoy to hug. Details matter here, as the intra-hug gestures played a significant role in determining how much the human volunteers enjoyed the hug. Passage 8Bob’s problems began during his formative years. His parents got divorced when he was young, and neither of his parents wanted to raise him or his brother and sister, so he ___1___ (bring) up by a foster family chosen by a social worker in the community. Unfortunately, his foster father was a strict authoritarian and often beat him. Bob rebelled against this strict upbringing, and by the time he was eight years old, he ___2___ (run) wild, stealing from shops and playing truant. When he reached adolescence, sometime around his thirteenth birthday, he had already appeared in court several times, charged ___3___ juvenile crimes. The judge blamed his foster parents, ___4___ (explain) that children needed responsible parents and guardians who would look after them properly. The foster father didn’t agree with the judge and objected to this, pointing out that Bob’s two brothers and sister were well-adjusted children who behaved at home and worked well at school. This has raised some interesting questions about the modern family system. ___5___ it is true that parents should not be too lenient with children by letting them do ___6___ they want, ___7___ too over-protective by sheltering them from the realities of life, it is also true that they should not be too strict. It has also highlighted the disadvantages of the modern nuclear family ___8___ the child has only its mother and father to rely on or the single-parent family, in which the mother or father has to struggle particularly hard ___9___ (support) their dependents. In fact, many people believe that we ___10___ return to traditional family values and the extended family: extensive research has shown that children from these families are generally better behaved and have a better chance of success in later life. 模块二：选词填空·高分秘诀 猜想二：选词填空词性破题（动词/名词/形容词） 押题解读 押题依据：【近年真题考点分布】 年份 词汇填空 2023上海秋考 名词考查4；动词考查3；形容词考查4；其中构词法2，分词2 2023上海春考 名词考查4；动词考查4；形容词考查3；其中构词法0 2022上海秋考 名词考查5；动词考查4；形容词考查2；其中构词法1 2022上海春考 名词考查4；动词考查3；形容词考查3；其中构词法1 2021上海秋考 名词考查3；动词考查5；形容词考查3；其中构词法2；分词2 2021上海春考 名词考查2；动词考查6；形容词考查2；其中构词法2；分词2 2020上海秋考 名词考查3；动词考查5；形容词考查3；其中构词法3 2020上海春考 名词考查3；动词考查3；形容词考查2；副词考查2；其中构词法1 2025年命题趋势： 选词填空题文体以说明文为主。题材内容以科普文为主，但内容各不相同，覆盖人文、健康、科技、气候、概念等方方面面。 主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词； 动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。 名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。 副词考察较少，难度不大。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。 每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。要注意积累派生词。 解题步骤 第一步，判断方框内单词词性。 有多个词性的都标出来，不确定词性的先不标。doing和done可以不标。 第二步，略读抓中心。 略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题词与了解文章大致内容。 第三步，填词入空。分为三小步： 1、确认空处可填词性， 2、同性词筛选， 3、按逻辑关系代入确认答案。 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．critical    B．emotionally    C． escape D．invisible E. lack    F. present G. principal    H. struggle    I. sympathetically J. troublesome    K. withdraw Children’s Addiction to the Internet Internet addiction among children is a growing concern. Online access is a(n) 1 part of the modern world and an important tool in the education of our children. In addition, the Internet is a highly entertaining and informative medium. However, these very qualities also make it a fascinating 2 from reality for many children. They can be anyone in an online chat room, or play thrilling and challenging games against other players from all corners of the globe. With the click of a mouse, they can enter a different world where the problems of their real life are no longer 3 , and all the things one wishes he or she could experience are possible. Like addiction to drugs and alcohol, the Internet offers children and adolescents a way to escape painful feelings or 4 situations. They sacrifice needed hours of sleep to spend time online and 5 from family and friends to escape into a comfortable online world that they have created and shaped. Children who 6 rewarding or nurturing relationships or who suffer from poor social and coping skills are at greater risk of developing inappropriate or excessive online habits. Because they feel separated and lonely, and have problems making new friends, they turn to 7 strangers in online chat rooms looking for the attention and companionship missing in their real lives. They may come from families with significant problems, and they cope with their problems by spending time online. Socially, they learn to message friends rather than develop face-to-face relationship, which impacts their way of relating to peers. As one 8 explained, “The Internet is hurting their ability to work in groups. Our teachers 9 to get them to participate in any kind of team assignments; instead they would all rather stare at the computer. When I observe them talking to one another in the hallway, I see young girls who are socially aggressive or inappropriate, and I can’t help but think that the Internet is socializing them in ways that 10 prevents their development and makes it difficult for them to deal with others in the real world.” Passage 1 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．digital B．initiative C． considerable D．safeguard E. cutting-edge F. access G. strictly H. weathered I. ever-present J. towers K. comprehensive AI goes ancient to preserve thousand-year-old Chinese pagoda In the heart of China’s Shanxi Province stands a remarkable testament to human ingenuity and resilience: the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. Nearly a thousand years old, this architectural marvel has 1 the ravages of time, surviving the chaos of wars and the fury of natural disasters. Standing 67 meters high, the structure - also called the Sakyamuni Pagoda of the Fogong Temple - 2 above the surrounding landscape, multi-tiered wooden roofs offering a striking contrast to the rolling hills and smaller buildings that dot the region. Even with its staggering resilience, the pagoda is showing its 3 age. Built in 1056 and recognized by UNESCO as the world’s oldest and tallest entirely wooden structure, the Yingxian pagoda faces the inevitable effects of time: weathering, structural fatigue, and the 4 threat of wood decay. In fact, it is no longer accessible to tourists who would otherwise leap at the chance to step back in time. Now, the pagoda’s unparalleled value to shared world heritage has inspired a revolutionary effort to preserve it for future generations. Lenovo, the global technology leader, will 5 this ancient treasure using groundbreaking artificial intelligence (AI) technology. In collaboration with Tsinghua University’s School of Architecture, Lenovo launched the “Smart Yingxian Pagoda” project to create a 6 twin of the pagoda that captures every exquisite detail of its architecture, from intricate wood grains to subtle imperfections in statues. This AI-powered replication is much more than just a high-fidelity virtual model - the interactive, navigable experience democratizes 7 to the pagoda’s splendor, allowing people from around the world to explore and study its ancient halls. Moreover, it accelerates ongoing restorative efforts and ensures they 8 adhere to the original style, preserving the pagoda’s historical integrity. “AI for cultural heritage is about using 9 technology to reach back a thousand years to preserve these wonders for the future,” said Shijie Mao, Lenovo vice president and director of research in Shanghai “We relentlessly pursue innovation and transformation, especially in the era of AI, but always with an eye on our communities and human experiences. This 10 embodies our commitment to smarter AI for all.” Looking ahead, Lenovo is exploring involvement in similar heritage preservation projects globally, welcoming more opportunities for collaboration. Passage 2 A．unnoticed     B．decompose     C． estimated     D．fulfil E. replacement     F. readily     G. launch     H. ultimate I. minimize     J. hazard     K. fibers The fashion industry today is meeting with sustainability and environmental challenges. As the production of many fashion items is regarded as a(n) 1 to the environment, designers have to explore innovative ways to reduce waste and 2 ecological footprint. Zsofia Kollar, the founder of Human Material Loop, is turning to an unexpected resource to reduce her impact — human hair. The Dutch collects hair cuttings from hairdressers and transforms them into fabric for clothes, curtains, carpets, and furniture. “Throughout history, we’ve used a variety of animal 3 in clothing, yet our own hair, containing the same keratin protein as wool, often goes 4 ,” Kollar says. “Why not treat human hair as we would treat any other valuable clothing material?” Human hair as a bio-material may seem like a strange choice, but it makes perfect sense to Kollar. The 5 available waste material requires no land, water, or resources to produce. Her innovation also saves thousands of tons of hair, which would otherwise 6 in rubbish landfills. More importantly, the innovation could significantly reduce the need for artificial materials, which contribute to micro-plastic pollution. Additionally, the fabric could serve as a(n) 7 for natural materials like cotton, whose production requires large quantities of water. The designer’s process involves treating the cut hair with environmentally friendly chemicals. These chemicals help clean the hair and change its property. Kollar says the final product can be colored any color, except white, and be knitted into a fabric that looks and feels like wool. “Many times if people hear the clothing material is made out of human hair, they’re like, ‘What!’” Kollar said. “But if I just show them the sample, they’re like ‘Oh, it’s cool.’” Human Material Loop, which was founded not long ago, is still in its early stages. But Kollar has already partnered with a high-end fashion label to 8 eco-friendly fashion collections. The designer’s 9 dream is to transform a quarter of global salon waste, a(n) 10 550,000 tons of human hair, into clothes annually. Passage 3 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．constituent   B．ultimately   C． fancied   D．functioning   E. game   F. grave G. promising   H. parallel   I. cash   J. entitled   K. distinctly A basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet, these creatures are members of the biotic(生物的) community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are 1 to existence. When one of these noneconomic categories is in 2 danger and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. During the early 1900s, songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. Scientists jumped to the rescue with 3 shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic to be valid. A 4 situation exists in respect of predatory mammals. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of 5 by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to kill them for the sake of a benefit, real or 6 , to itself. Some species of trees have been “excluded from the party” by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly or have too low a sale value to pay as 7 crops. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, some have been found to have a valuable role in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its 8 species and ground plants and animals is taken for granted. To sum up, a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly unjust. It tends to ignore, and thus 9 to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value. It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic community will work without the uneconomic parts, which are nevertheless essential to its healthy 10 . Passage 4 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．dive  B．employing  C． identical  D．household  E. landscape  F. merely G. naturally  H. presenting  I. progress  J. responsive  K. rethinking The Emergence of AI-Powered Search The search engine world is experiencing a major transformation as conversational AI technology starts to compete with traditional search engines. For over 20 years, Google has been the leading search engine, using its advanced algorithms to provide accurate, relevant answers to users’ questions. This success made Google a(n) 1 name, turning “to Google” into a common phrase and generating billions in advertising income. Now, the rise of AI-driven conversational tools, like OpenAI’s ChatGPT, is changing the 2 . These tools offer a different experience from traditional keyword searches by engaging users in human-like dialogues rather than just 3 a list of links. ChatGPT and similar technologies provide answers in a way that feels more personal and insightful. This technological shift opens up new ways for people to find information online. ChatGPT can handle questions on a wide range of topics, including complex or delicate ones, by 4 a conversational tone that connects with users. Its appeal lies in its ability to understand context, enabling follow-up questions and a deeper 5 into topics. Responding to this trend, tech giants are 6 the future of search. Microsoft, a key investor in OpenAI, is integrating conversational AI into its search engine, Bing. This integration includes a sidebar that summarizes results or provides extra context, creating a more comprehensive search experience. As these AI-driven tools 7 they challenge the traditional search model. Unlike standard engines that use pre-set algorithms to match keywords, conversational AI responds more 8 This trend pushes Google to innovate, encouraging it to enhance its interface and integrate AI into its existing system. Such advancing technology marks a turning point in search, where 9 providing information isn’t enough. Users now look for a more interactive, 10 experience, and conversational AI may be the answer to meeting that need. Passage 5 A．actually B．amazed C． breathtaking D．critics E. gradually F. prize G. reflection H. release I. solid J. standardize K. switched Will AI allow humans to play a part? Rebecca used to have a regular job, translating a fashion brand’s website into German. One day a big change happened. The company 1 to using machine translation. She kept the job, and it still paid the bills; however, she was now there to check and 2 whatever was produced by the computer. But there was a complaint. “What it meant, 3 , was that we humans were training a machine,” she says. Each corrected caption for a mid-priced T-shirt, each pair of skinny jeans, was a data point for the robot that was going to replace her. With the 4 of chat programs that can imitate humans, the world is now beginning to consider what the coming of artificial intelligence means. What will it do for our jobs if many once 5 professions — law, accountancy, medicine — disappear? What does it mean to be a human when the thing that humans most   6 — intelligence — has become the cheapest product on the planet? Translators, for good and ill, don’t have to wonder. “You can take the world of translators and interpreters as a   7 of the world,” says Nicki Bone, chairwoman of the board of the Institute of Translating and Interpreting. Not all of them are adjusting. “Of course, we have our 8 ,” but she adds, “There are also opportunities, and optimists.” The speed of change, though, has been 9 . Increasingly, says Bone, she and her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass, rather than translators of the raw material. For some, that’s fine. “People will say, ‘OK, instead of working at one rate for this number of words per hour, I’m working at many more words per hour, but for a much lower rate.’ Some are happy to take on. Some won’t, as a matter of principle.” As we are 10 at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing, translators are, compared with the rest of the professions, sensitive. Anyway, this technology is here to stay. Passage 6 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．established     B．dot     C． infection     D．exceeded    E. emerging     F. exposed G. drainage     H. overlook     I. sinking    J. stem     K. access The Mega-City Environment Mega-cities suffer from a catalog of environmental ills. A World Health Organization (WHO)/ United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) study found that seven of the cities — Mexico City, Beijing, Cairo, Jakarta, Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Moscow — had three or more pollutants that 1 the WHO health protection guidelines. All 20 of the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least one major pollutant that went beyond 2 size health limits. According to the World Resources Institute, “Millions of children living in the world’s largest cities, particularly in developing countries, are 3 to life-threatening air pollution two to eight times above the maximum based on WHO guidelines. Indeed, more than 80 percent of all deaths in developing countries attributable to the air pollution-induced lung 4 are among children under five.” In the big Asian mega-cities such as New Delhi, Beijing and Jakarta, approximately 20 to 30 percent of all respiratory diseases 5 from air pollution. Almost all of the mega cities face major fresh water challenges. Johannesburg, South Africa, is forced to draw water from highlands 370 miles away. In Bangkok, saltwater is invading aquifers (地下蓄水层). Mexico City has a serious 6 problem because of excessive groundwater withdrawal. More than a billion people, 20 percent of the world’s population, live without regular 7 to clean running water. While poor people are forced to pay high fees for private water, many cities squander (挥霍) their resources through leakages and illegal 8 . “With the population of cities expected to increase to five billion by 2025,” says Klaus Toepfer, executive director of the UNEP, “the urban demand for water is set to increase rapidly. This means that any solution to the water crisis is closely linked to the governance of cities.” Mega-city residents, crowded into unsanitary slums, are also subject to serious disease outbreaks. Lima, Peru (with population estimated at 9.4 million by 2015) suffered a cholera outbreak in the late 1990s partly because, as the New York Times reported, “rural people new to Lima… live in houses without running water and use the outhouses (屋外厕所) that 9 the hillsides above.” It’s worth looking at some of these 10 mega-cities in detail, because daily life there is likely to be the pattern for a majority of the world’s population. Most are already experiencing severe environmental problems that will only be worsened by rapid population increases. Passage7 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only by used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．invasion   B．combinations   C． attitudes   D．uniqueness   E. revealed F. statistical   G. inspired   H. normally   I. definitely   J opposite   K. accounted Better think twice before choosing a password for email, online bank accounts and airline tickets. Passwords that show no imagination or 1 are easy prey (猎物) for information pirates, a new US study says. A 2 analysis of 28,000 passwords recently stolen from a popular US website and posted on the Internet 3 that people often do the easy thing. It found that 16 percent took a first name as a password, 4 their own or one of their children, according to the study released by Information Week. Another 14 percent relied on the easiest 5 , such as ‘1234ab’ or ‘12345678abc’. For those using English keyboards, OWERTY’ was popular. Likewise, ‘AZERTY’ scored with people with European keyboards. Five percent of the stolen passwords were names of television shows or stars popular with young people like ‘hannah, 6 by singer Hannah Montana. ‘Pokemon,’ ‘Matrix,’ and ‘Ironman’ were others. The word ‘password,’ or easy to guess variations like ‘password 1’, 7 for 4 percent, while 3 percent of the passwords expressed 8 like ‘I don’t care,’ ‘Whatever,’ ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. There were sentimental choices —‘I love you’ — and their 9 — ‘I hate you.’ Robert Graham, of the company Errata Security, which did the analysis and published the conclusions, advises that to better protect against cyber 10 we should choose a password that is longer than eight characters with one capital letter and one symbol. Passage 8 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adaptable  B．broadened  C． dramatically  D．handful  E. inevitably  F. likelihood  G. maintained  H. perception  I. properly  J. remarkable  K. suggested Sense of smell that seems impossible How do we smell odours (气味)? The answer is that the olfactory bulb, a structure at the front of the brain, plays a vital role in our ability to smell. Or, at least, so we thought. Researchers have now discovered a(n) 1 of women who have a perfectly normal sense of smell but who seem to lack olfactory bulbs. The team, including Tali Weiss and Noam Sobel at the Sunshine Institute of Science in U. S., say a lack of olfactory bulbs is unusual but not 2 : one in 10,000 people don’t have them, but we had believed none could smell. However, in the course of a study into possible links between ability to smell and reproduction, the team happened across a 29-year-old woman who was different: she lacked olfactory bulbs but 3 that her sense of smell remained very good. Every test the researchers threw at her 4 that she did indeed have a good ability to distinguish odours, despite lacking the olfactory bulb typically believed necessary to do so. The team 5 the scope of its investigation, and found more women like this, but no men at all. The researchers were able to estimate the 6 of being a woman who can smell normally without these brain structures to be about 0.6 per cent. Strangely, the probability of this happening is raised 7 in left-handed women. Among people who are left-handed, women who lack olfactory bulbs have a roughly 4 per cent chance of still being able to smell 8 . Sobel says this may be further proof as to how 9 the brain is: if it lacks olfactory bulbs, it can recognise itself so other brain regions take on the task of odour 10 . Alternatively, the discoveries might hint that we know less about our ability to smell than we thought. 模块三：完形填空·提分锦囊 猜想三：记叙文完形（情感线索+情节推理） 押题解读 押题依据：【近年真题考点分布】 年份 完形填空 2023上海秋考 名词3；动词6；形2；副2；词组2；其中 2023上海春考 名词4；动词5；形3；副2；词组1；其中句内理解6；句组理解5；句际理解4 2022上海秋考 名词5；动词5；形3；副0；词组2；其中 2022上海春考 名词4；动词5；形4；副0；词组2；其中句内理解7；句组理解5；句际理解3 2021上海秋考 名词5；动词3；形4；副0；词组3；其中 2021上海春考 名词6；动词4；形3；副1；词组1；其中句内理解7；句组理解6；句际理解2 2020上海秋考 名词7；动词5；形3；副0；词组0；其中 2020上海春考 名词6；动词3；形1；副2；词组3；其中句内理解7；句组理解5；句际理解3 完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。上海高考完型主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。体裁上以议论文为主，说明文为辅。题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。 1.动词：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。 2.名词：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。 3.形容词：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。 4.副词：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。 2025年命题趋势： 2025年上海卷六选四题型将延续“结构为纲，逻辑为本”的命题特点，强化对跨段落信息整合与批判性思维的考查。考生需通过系统化结构分析训练、逻辑词敏感度提升及高频干扰项特征总结，最终实现“快、准、稳”的答题目标。 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context It’s fourteen years since I left the Philippines to live with my family in the USA．A month ago, while on summer vacation back in my motherland, I learned a lesson from mosquito bites. Right before leaving Kennedy Airport in New York, my grandma 1 me of the behavior of the native mosquitoes around the 191 like me. She said, “There’s an old saying ---the 192 you stay away from the motherland, the sweeter your blood 193 to the mosquitoes.” Not 194 it,” I replied, “Grandma, that’s just an old wives’ tale!” Well, less than a week after my arrival in Manila, I was already carpeted with a 195 of mosquito bites. I took many measures to keep myself from being 196 , but they all proved useless. Late one night in my cousin’s home, I couldn’t bear the 197 of the bites. Hoping to find some comfort, I 2 my cousin, who was sleeping peacefully in the bed next to mine. Unhappy for being 3 , she said, “There is nothing you can do. Go back to sleep.” With a few turns, she slept again. Enviously 4 her sleep, I hoped a big mosquito would 5 on her face. However, the mosquitoes would just lightly dance around her forehead and fly away quickly, never biting her. Amazed, I ran to others’ rooms, only to find they were all sleeping 6 as the same thing occurred again and again. From those bites, I came to 7 my grandma’s silly tale. From then on, I’ve always tried to keep a(n) 8 mind about those strange old wives’ tales because they do have some truth to them. 1．A．persuaded B．reminded C．warned D．informed 2．A．students B．foreigners C．passengers D．visitors 3．A．earlier B．longer C．sooner D．later 4．A．grows B．goes C．flows D．remains 5．A．expecting B．understanding C．recognizing D．believing 6．A．shade B．pile C．cloud D．blanket 7．A．touched B．bitten C．defeated D．discovered 8．A．noise B．hit C．pain D．effect 9．A．woke up B．shouted at C．looked for D．dropped on 10．A．blamed B．interrupted C．moved D．frightened 11．A．having B．watching C．making D．helping 12．A．land B．fly C．fall D．wait 13．A．joyfully B．anxiously C．soundlessly D．worriedly 14．A．tell B．know C．remember D．accept 15．A．open B．active C．clear D．honest Passage 1 My greatest fear when growing up in a French countryside was that my English mother would speak to me in public in her native tongue loudly. I would feel 1 when she used English on the way back from school. Speaking a different language made her, and even me, look strange. The linguistic (语言的) 2 of different languages during my childhood was held in place by numerous artificial divisions. English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family. Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father, and a language which I 3 regular visits to Italy. Behind these linguistic boundaries was my need to stay secure whatever the environment. On trips to England to visit my mother’s family, I kept my French under 4 . In Italy, I stuck to topics I knew well, in case a random English or French word would reveal my hybrid (混合的) nature. Safe identity was the three-sided 5 . However, after fully experiencing every benefit of my trilingual background, I became a father myself. Assuming that speaking to my London-born children in French would naturally make them bilingual, I acted without 6 . Of course, introducing French into the family has undoubtedly been an additional 7 . It disturbs mealtimes and sets off 8 conversations, pitting my French against everyone else’s English. It makes the children feel they are being 9 with a native French speaker checking on them all along. And, despite their growing comprehension of French, they’ll find any 10 to walk a few steps behind me on the way to school to avoid a conversation in French. But I am persisting. I keep talking with them in French. And without intentional efforts, with the family occasionally talking in Italian, a third language is also integrating itself 11 into my children’s language web. Finally, the linguistic 12 of my upbringing has been copied on my children. No one can deny the role of English in today’s interconnected world. Its domination, 13 , is not to rob my children of the freedom to speak other languages. Actually the popularity of English makes it even urgent for speakers to learn foreign languages, or they will have no linguistic 14 in a competitive world. And my persistence in exposing my children to various languages is my way of showing that the multiplicity and 15 of the world matter, after all. 1．A．regretful B．ashamed C．unique D．refreshed 2．A．co-hosting B．co-existence C．delivery D．co-authoring 3．A．traded for B．enclosed with C．equipped with D．restricted to 4．A．wraps B．guidance C．way D．construction 5．A．evolution B．controversy C．mask D．conquer 6．A．hesitation B．expense C．rhythm D．notice 7．A．negotiation B．routine C．complication D．highlight 8．A．identical B．inharmonious C．illegal D．innovative 9．A．judged B．guided C．reversed D．cheated 10．A．energy B．information C．excuse D．assistance 11．A．imperceptibly B．purposefully C．narrowly D．originally 12．A．output B．obstacle C．combination D．flow 13．A．for example B．however C．in addition D．in general 14．A．profile B．trace C．imitation D．edge 15．A．priority B．civilization C．diversity D．ambition Passage 2 About six months ago, I joined a gym. Every morning, there was one personal trainer there who practised at the same time that my little group did our 1 . He worked out with such a quiet 2 that he made it all look very easy, although I knew all too well how hard he was working. Whenever I tended to complain and 3 , I watched him push himself to his own limits, and I found myself 4 to work as hard and without complaint. A couple of weeks ago, I was watching him do chin-ups (引体向上). He made them look 5 . I broke away from my group and asked him if I could try a chin-up. I had never tried before, but he just made it look so easy. He eagerly stepped aside and 6 me to step up to the bar. I pulled myself up without thinking...once...then twice. That was all I had in me. I had no 7 left. I told him that was all I had, so he stepped up behind me and 8 me up for a third and fourth “pull”. It felt so good. The next day when I was done with my workout, I asked him to spot me again. Again, I did two. Again, on Day 3 and so on. I thought it was a 9 that I could only do two. but when I came lo the gym at the end of the week, he was standing there, nodding his head and said to me he was 10 with my chin-ups. He told me that when they are training firefighters, the men are required to do five chin-ups, and women are required to do one or two. He 11 that most people couldn't do them at all, and that he was amazed that I could. He further told me that if l 12 every day, I would be doing five or six in no time. At this point I should probably 13 that I am 50 years old... and female. If he had told me at the very beginning how 14 it was, I more than likely would not have tried at all. 15 I might have tried, but given it only half an effort, because failure would have been the expectation. I applauded him for letting me believe that for me, it was not only a possibility, but that success was a realistic expectation. 1．A．creating B．training C．maintaining D．confusing 2．A．determination B．courage C．patience D．responsibility 3．A．hold back B．turn over C．run out D．give up 4．A．motivated B．satisfied C．surprised D．challenged 5．A．unbelievable B．balanced C．helpful D．effortless 6．A．encouraged B．forced C．persuaded D．ordered 7．A．confidence B．breath C．strength D．faith 8．A．dragged B．kicked C．pushed D．carried 9．A．concern B．chance C．pressure D．pity 10．A．impressed B．busy C．bored D．strict 11．A．recalled B．announced C．explained D．worried 12．A．learned B．practised C．succeeded D．checked 13．A．complain B．argue C．add D．repeat 14．A．troublesome B．obvious C．disgusting D．difficult 15．A．So B．And C．Or D．While Passage 3 I was thrilled to cover a new expedition to Qomolangma as a journalist. However, as I got off the vehicle at the base camp, I was immediately 1 by dizziness and shortness of breath — 2 of mountain sickness. Even the act of taking a few steps demanded an extraordinary amount of 3 . At that moment, a question 4 within me: Why do people keep climbing Mount Qomolangma? When asked this question, British mountaineer George Mallory gave his famous 5 : “Because it’s there.” Mallory reminded me of countless climbers who have put their lives at risk to 6 the mountain’s towering height with their own footsteps. They encounter an almost vertical (垂直的) wall close to the top. It is so difficult to find 7 points for climbing that the earliest climbers thought no one could 8 the wall. In 1960, Liu Lianman, a Chinese climber, let his teammates 9 on his shoulders to cross the wall. Already 10 , he gathered all his strength to uplift his teammates. Though his 11 did not appear on the list of those who reached the top, Liu is undoubtedly a true 12 . I recalled the interview with Dong Hongjuan, the first woman to conquer (征服) 14 mountains above 8,000 meters, who 13 understands how small humans are compared to 14 . She told me: “I never felt I conquered those mountains; it’s just that the mountains 15 me.” 1．A．struck B．taught C．found D．drawn 2．A．causes B．types C．risks D．signs 3．A．patience B．money C．energy D．practice 4．A．ended B．arose C．remained D．lay 5．A．suggestion B．response C．conclusion D．guidance 6．A．adjust B．cover C．measure D．confirm 7．A．check B．view C．rest D．support 8．A．get past B．come across C．go through D．take back 9．A．work B．fight C．cry D．step 10．A．exhausted B．terrified C．annoyed D．disappointed 11．A．story B．name C．act D．failure 12．A．champion B．talent C．hero D．friend 13．A．hardly B．slightly C．firstly D．truly 14．A．time B．life C．nature D．success 15．A．protected B．accepted C．admired D．discovered 猜想四：说明文完形（科学术语+逻辑衔接） 押题解读 1.科技与伦理 高频话题：人工智能应用（如医疗诊断、教育）、脑科学（神经可塑性、记忆存储机制）、新能源技术（太阳能、氢能）。 典型例文：Gist Reasoning Training（脑训练项目）、电池超级工厂（gigafactories）的循环经济模式。 命题特点：嵌入专业术语（algorithm, neural network, carbon footprint），强调技术双面性（便利性 vs. 伦理争议）。 2.环境保护与可持续发展 高频话题：气候变化（海平面上升）、生物多样性保护（候鸟迁徙危机）、碳中和路径（碳捕捉技术）、塑料污染治理。 典型例文：加尔维斯顿候鸟撞击大楼事件、海平面上升研究报告。 命题特点：数据驱动（如“2050年海平面上升1英尺”），因果逻辑（人类活动→生态影响→解决方案）。 3.文化传承与健康 高频话题：传统医学现代化（针灸国际化）、心理健康干预（数字时代焦虑）、健康生活方式（运动与脑健康）。 典型例文：针灸原理及全球应用、脑训练项目提升认知功能。 命题特点：文化负载词（如“经络/meridian”“气/qi”）需结合语境解释，中西医理念对比（如“整体治疗” vs. “精准医疗”）。 4.社会问题与创新 高频话题：城乡医疗资源失衡、快时尚产业可持续转型、电子垃圾回收。 典型例文：农村医疗障碍及远程医疗解决方案、消费电子产业的“城市采矿”。 命题特点：聚焦现实矛盾（如“资源短缺→技术创新”），考查解决方案词汇（telehealth, circular economy）。 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Scientists in the U. S. have developed a new training program for the brain that they say can make you smarter. Called “Gist(主旨)Reasoning Training,” the program developed out of the University of Texas at Dallas goes beyond standard memory recall and information 1 tests and improves cognitive performance by 2 the brain in areas like strategic attention, integrated reasoning and innovation, they claim. To start, participants - who ranged from teenagers and healthy adults to brain injury victims and seniors at risk for Alzheimer’s disease - were 3 with filtering competing information and focusing on only important, essential components. They were also instructed to 4 the information, finding common 5 or developing generalized statements from what they were reading. Each strategy was designed to build on the previous exercise. Participants were encouraged to apply the same mental strategies outside the training sessions. After about a dozen 45- to 60- minute sessions, conducted over two months, cognitive 6 were recorded in areas like abstraction, reasoning and innovation, scientists said, and by extension, also improved memory, planning and problem solving. “What’s exciting about this work is that in randomized trials 7 gist reasoning training to memory training, we found that it was not learning new information that engaged widespread brain networks and 8 cognitive performance, but rather actually 9 processing of information and using that information in new ways that augmented brain performance,” said the study co-author Sandra Bond Chapman in a statement. 10 helping seniors improve their cognitive function in old age, a strategic and more analytical approach to brain boosting exercises could also be used by young people to develop an early 11 , and help middle-aged adults sharpen their skills and remain“ 12 healthy,” scientists say. The study was published in the journal Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. Research out of the University of Los Angeles California published last year also found that older adults who 13 used a brain-fitness program called Dakim Brain Fitness improved their memory and language skills. Another 14 way to keep mentally fit? Hit the pavement and go for a run or brisk walk, as it’s been well 15 that physical activity is an effective brain booster. 1．A．preserving B．progressing C．processing D．protecting 2．A．challenging B．exchanging C．transplanting D．transforming 3．A．provided B．tasked C．connected D．mixed 4．A．offer B．search C．investigate D．interpret 5．A．themes B．senses C．knowledge D．claims 6．A．performances B．gains C．benefits D．procedures 7．A．referring B．applying C．comparing D．turning 8．A．reduced B．elevated C．advanced D．faded 9．A．clearer B．vaguer C．wider D．deeper 10．A．Instead of B．But for C．In addition to D．In terms of 11．A．advantage B．disadvantage C．innocence D．conscience 12．A．physically B．physiologically C．psychologically D．mentally 13．A．regularly B．irregularly C．reluctantly D．illegally 14．A．imaginary B．proven C．stimulating D．complicated 15．A．authorized B．accomplished C．established D．organized Passage 1 Acupuncture(针灸), an ancient Chinese medical practice, has been the remedy for countless patients for thousands of years. Before modern medicine came to life, ancient Chinese used stone tools to 1 pain. Over time, this primitive practice 2 evolved into a comprehensive and profound medical system and 3 the root of acupuncture. Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to 4 the body’s self-regulating functions. Its therapeutic principles are in line with the 5 concepts of traditional Chinese medicine, which emphasizes all-inclusive treatment, meridian(经络) adjustment, balance of bodily functions and overall physiological well-being. Practices can 6 in forms, including needle insertion, cupping and scraping. Needle insertion, the most common method, is 7 by inserting hair-thin needles into meridians, 8 specific points on the body that 9 vital energy (the qi). Practitioners lift, twirl and rotate needles to unblock the flow of energy; 10 yin and yang balance; and stimulate the body’s innate 11 to heal itself. Looking beyond China, acupuncture has become a global 12 . Over the years, acupuncture has seen many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine. It is now a mainstream 13 and complementary treatment for a variety of weaknesses. According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries, 14 its widespread recognition and application. As an ancient Chinese medical 15 with a rich history and deep cultural significance, acupuncture is an embodiment of profound cultural heritage and a holistic path to healing. 1．A．relieve B．resume C．release D．rebel 2．A．radically B．gradually C．reluctantly D．randomly 3．A．cultivated B．evaluated C．shaped D．eliminated 4．A．promote B．reflect C．alternate D．perform 5．A．occasional B．philosophical C．considerable D．mechanical 6．A．arise B．heal C．vary D．survive 7．A．taken over B．ended up C．figured out D．carried out 8．A．or B．and C．while D．with 9．A．block B．generate C．motivate D．channel 10．A．terrify B．stimulate C．reserve D．restore 11．A．willingness B．instinct C．potential D．nutrient 12．A．liberty B．therapy C．curiosity D．wonderland 13．A．proportion B．alternative C．procedure D．affection 14．A．illustrating B．predicting C．featuring D．nominating 15．A．assessment B．occupation C．practice D．obedience Passage 2 It was a foggy Thursday morning when animal services supervisor Josh Henderson received news of amass death. 395 migratory birds died after 1 into one office tower in Galveston, Texas. Henderson rushed to the spot, only to witness the horrifying scene of feathers from yellow and orange to blue and grey of the lifeless small-featured bodies. “It was awe-inspiring but 2 ,” says Henderson. Most of the bodies were warblers; small, bright, colorful birds that are particularly common in Texas. They had been on their homecoming spring migration, a legendary journey that takes them from 3 sites as far south as Mexico to nesting sites-as-far north as Canada. For birds, Texas is a major flyover state: approximately two billion birds fly through this “Lone Star” state in the spring. Along the route, a host of 4 exist, including bright city lights. Every year, between 365 million and one billion birds are thought to be killed in building collisions in the US. The scene of mass collision in Galveston was a 23-floor 5 called One Moody Plaza. As the tallest building in downtown Galveston, it had four corner spotlights 6 straight up in the sky and a glowing green halo of LED lights around the top. “Every tragedy, 7 , is also an opportunity to educate” Henderson 8 the birds. His team was able to save and help three birds recover. Besides, Houston Audubon, a bird conservation organization, which occupies the building, is taking action and 9 developing a science-based response. American National has 10 and is still following a policy of turning off their outer building spotlights and inner lights at night during the spring and fall migratory seasons. Workshops are also held in Galveston to 11 the community on migratory bird patterns in this area. Around 24 communities in Texas have 12 to follow this kind of Lights Out initiative. Chicago, Houston, Dallas, New York City and Atlanta are the cities where the threat to migrating birds is greatest 13 light pollution. And all these cities are also 14 the Lights Out campaign, according to Audubon’s records. Protecting birds is vital both for their own sake and for the wider ecosystem. However, their moving constantly presents special 15 for researchers and conservationists to take measures that are effective enough. Given this complex picture, widespread awareness and efficient enforcement are still the priorities. 1．A．collapsing B．crashing C．cracking D．conflicting 2．A．marvelous B．vivid C．tragic D．impressive 3．A．sheltering B．breeding C．sleeping D．wintering 4．A．hazards B．opportunities C．obstacles D．enemies 5．A．studio B．block C．skyscraper D．apartment 6．A．holding B．putting C．pointing D．turning 7．A．therefore B．moreover C．thus D．however 8．A．sorted B．abandoned C．removed D．preserved 9．A．optimistically B．actively C．reluctantly D．strictly 10．A．interrupted B．implemented C．interfered D．incorporated 11．A．educate B．warn C．punish D．encourage 12．A．approved B．anticipated C．agreed D．appealed 13．A．regardless of B．in spite of C．apart from D．in terms of 14．A．launching B．maintaining C．motivating D．initiating 15．A．requests B．barriers C．challenges D．perspectives Passage 3 Sea levels along coastlines in the United States will rise about one foot by 2050, with larger increases on the East and Gulf coasts, according to a comprehensive new report by climate scientists. Oceans have already risen about one foot in the last century, as climate change melts glaciers (冰川) and ice caps around the world. But the pace is 1 scientists warn, and the next 30 years will see the same amount of sea level rise as the previous 100. The report gives the most concrete and certain sea level 2 ever published for the U.S. And advances in computer models and real-world information about rising seas make it possible to see the future more 3 than ever. Sea level rise 4 dramatically for different parts of the U.S. coast. The ocean is not like a bucket of water that rises at the same time as more liquid is 5 . Ocean 6 push more water into some areas than others. Ice in different regions melts at different rates. In many parts of the world, sea level rise is 7 because coastal land is sinking. The new report adds up all those factors to give 8 estimates for different parts of the U.S. The authors predict about a foot and a half of sea level rise for the Gulf Coast by 2050, with particular hot spots from Texas to Mississippi, where exploitation of underground oil, gas and drinking water is causing the land to rapidly 9 into the rising ocean water. There are 10 hot spots in the Mid-Atlantic region, including Annapolis, Md. and Norfolk, Va. Overall, the East Coast is 11 to experience a little more than a foot of sea level rise in the next 30 years. Sea level rise is happening more 12 on the West Coast, including much of southern and western Alaska, the report finds. The authors predict about six inches of sea level rise by 2050. William Sweet, a sea level rise expert with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and one of the authors of the new report, says cities that are not yet flooded should 13 now. Quickening sea level rise may require that humans 14 where and how we build homes, offices, roads and anything else that is better dry than wet. Right now, development in flood-prone (易发洪水的) areas is increasing, despite climate change. Beyond 2050, the report makes clear that humans have a 15 : reduce greenhouse gas emissions and control sea level rise, or keep burning fossil fuels and face oceans that are two, three or even 10 feet higher than today. 1．A．dying down B．paying back C．holding on D．speeding up 2．A．records B．extremes C．predictions D．solutions 3．A．flexibly B．clearly C．randomly D．incredibly 4．A．continues B．impacts C．multiplies D．varies 5．A．added B．drained C．spilt D．needed 6．A．creatures B．currents C．ecosystems D．voyages 7．A．stable B．crucial C．unlikely D．worse 8．A．national B．regional C．apparent D．approximate 9．A．dig B．turn C．collapse D．dive 10．A．similar B．scenery C．distant D．diverse 11．A．projected B．obliged C．permitted D．noticed 12．A．sharply B．mysteriously C．unexpectedly D．slowly 13．A．make sense B．take notice C．keep pace D．stay proud 14．A．scheme B．cancel C．change D．delay 15．A．promise B．quarrel C．choice D．protest Passage 4 Don’t Kick the Robot Over the next decade, our relationships to our devices will become a lot more interesting. Advanced robot companions are extremely well-suited to tap into our social 1 and make us behave as though we’re interacting with something alive. What does it mean to be 2 or physically violent toward an artificial agent? People have already started to 3 . For example, during the mass 4 of virtual voice assistants, parents expressed concern that the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude. Major companies responded by releasing special features that encouraged the use of languages like ‘ 5 ’ to prevent children from barking commands at the devices. One 2015 research showed that there’s a link between people’s tendencies for sympathy and how they feel toward a robot. But that doesn’t answer the question of whether beating up robots makes people more 6 . Society has asked similar questions about video games, with some 7 results. Just because I play Grand Theft Auto Game doesn’t mean I try to run people over in the car park. Studies show that we behave differently toward embodied robots than characters on a screen, in part because we’re biologically hardwired to 8 physical motion. People will 9 treat any agent that moves like it’s alive. As robot design gets better, the line between alive and lifelike may continue to 10 in our subconscious minds. If so, maybe it would be great for people to take out their aggression and frustration on human-and animal-like robots that mimic pain. 11 , they aren’t harming a living being. On the other hand, it could be bad if it makes people insensitive to violence in other contexts. Would a child who grows up kicking a robot dog find it 12 to kick a real dog? Unfortunately, desensitization (脱敏) remains a difficult thing to study. For now, it seems pretty reasonable to keep robot 13 away from little children. But even for the rest of us, maybe it’s just not cool to treat an artificial agent poorly. Yes, it’s much better than 14 a living, breathing being, but why do it at all? As philosopher Vallor argues, it might be worth 15 kindness, instead. 1．A．media B．nature C．attitude D．change 2．A．orally B．mentally C．emotionally D．physiologically 3．A．suffer B．assume C．wonder D．inspect 4．A．adjustment B．absence C．awareness D．adoption 5．A．please B．sorry C．nasty D．perfect 6．A．tolerant B．violent C．mature D．inconsistent 7．A．definite B．positive C．inconclusive D．inaccurate 8．A．take in B．originate from C．react to D．associate with 9．A．readily B．coldly C．eventually D．obviously 10．A．emerge B．fade C．cross D．move 11．A．In addition B．After all C．In a way D．On the contrary 12．A．harder B．funnier C．easier D．worse 13．A．exposure B．company C．fancy D．abuse 14．A．mistreating B．mismanaging C．misleading D．misunderstanding 15．A．suspecting B．replacing C．spreading D．practising Passage 5 Health care is a necessity for everyone, but not everyone has equal access to it. People in rural communities in particular face barriers to medical care that do not affect people in cities. This is true both in developed countries and in the developments and nonprofit organizations are working to address the 1 . One barrier to rural health care is 2 . Rural communities are 3 far from population centers, which means most small towns do not have large hospitals, so rural people need to travel long distances to see doctors. Rural areas also usually lack public transportation, which worsens the problem. Even if there is a hospital in a rural community, doctors often prefer to live in larger cities, so finding 4 can be challenging. Rural hospitals especially tend to lack specialists. Since each specialist only sees a small portion of the total number of patients, many hospitals 5 that they do not have enough patients who need the specialist to employ one. 6 , the patients who do need the specialist are forced to travel long distances or go without necessary treatment. In addition, in many countries, people in rural areas are more likely to live in poverty and struggle to pay for health care than urban residents. A variety of developments may help 7 some of these problems. One significant one is telehealth—using technology such as video conferences to allow patients to speak with doctors in 8 . Using telehealth, doctors cannot run tests or examine patients up close. The technology, 9 , can be useful for mental health care, follow-up appointments after surgery and the monitoring of enduring health issues. Sometimes if patients cannot travel to a clinic, the clinic will go to them. 10 health clinics are used in some areas to reach people who have trouble going to see a doctor. These traveling health units are often 11 than hospitals as well because they do not pay for as many facilities. Small rural hospitals that lack financial resources sometimes consider 12 larger networks that have access to better technology. These larger networks can also help rural hospitals bring on board new staff. Some countries try to motivate doctors to work in rural areas, offering slightly higher salaries or other benefits to those willing to 13 outside cities. They may also reward hospitals based on effectiveness in helping patients, 14 paying hospitals based on the number of procedures they perform. This could reduce costs for patients. While the problem of rural healthcare is 15 , these initiatives may help provide necessary treatment for people outside major cities. 1．A．affection B．medication C．inequality D．necessity 2．A．poverty B．environment C．administration D．transportation 3．A．by chance B．by definition C．by contrast D．by necessity 4．A．potential patients B．public service C．medical staff D．reputable experts 5．A．conclude B．predict C．demand D．propose 6．A．SubsequentlyB．However C．Meanwhile D．Consequently 7．A．sustain B．lessen C．detect D．indicate 8．A．depressed areas B．monitored centres C．other locations D．border regions 9．A．moreover B．otherwise C．therefore D．nevertheless 10．A．Modern B．Mobile C．Mechanical D．Multiple 11．A．cheaper B．less crowded C．fancier D．more endurable 12．A．transitioning to B．competing against C．partnering with D．investing in 13．A．relax B．practice C．specialize D．volunteer 14．A．as opposed toB．as well as C．regardless of D．prior to 15．A．solvable B．urgent C．critical D．complex Passage 6 Manufacturing is a one-way business. Raw materials go into a factory and finished products come out. Once those goods are 1 , producers usually wash their hands of them. Certainly they do not worry that most of the products are eventually burnt or buried in landfill, which 2 the planet. In only 50 years, the world’s consumption of raw materials has nearly become four times as big, to more than 100 billion tons, but only less than 9% of this is reused, resulting in a 3 of materials. Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling, but much of that is 4 intended to improve brand images. Yet even a company’s profits can 5 being environmentally friendly. This is especially so in the case of “gigafactories”, so called because their output of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hours (GWh). Every carmaking country wants gigafactories. Batteries are the costliest part of an EV, so making them is 6 . But they contain materials that are pricey and can be hard to obtain. Supply chains are long and complicated, and buyers risk their reputation 7 by their suppliers’ poor environmental and labour standards. 8 materials makes sense. Being 9 , most gigafactories are designed with recycling in mind from the start. The result is a 10 production process. The idea is that once 11 reach the ends of their lives, they should go back to a factory, where their components can be recovered and put into new batteries. Gigafactories are not yet models of the circular economy, but they are laying the foundations. Northvolt, a battery-maker, aims by 2030 to produce 150GWh of batteries — enough to power some 2 million EVs. By then, around half its raw materials should come from recycling old batteries. Northvolt is not 12 . Using renewable power and other measures, CATL — the world’s biggest producer of EV batteries — thinks it should eventually be possible to reduce the carbon footprint of a battery towards zero. Could other industries do something similar? Fast fashion is widely known as a(n) 13 business. It is estimated that the recycling rate for little-worn clothing and footwear is just 13%. A big part of the reason is the use of mixed fibres, which are hard to recycle. Clothing companies could, like gigafactories, re-engineer their processes to use fibres that are easier to handle. Consumer electronics is another such 14 that creates piles of waste, despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare earth metals. 15 could yet be made in the urban mining of last year’s cellphones and yesterday’s blouses. 1．A．accepted B．designed C．sold D．stored 2．A．rules B．saves C．heals D．pollutes 3．A．analysis B．availability C．waste D．variety 4．A．green-washing B．cost-cutting C．risk-taking D．trend-setting 5．A．add to B．benefit from C．center around D．invest in 6．A．innovative B．affordable C．profitable D．inefficient 7．A．being defended B．being hurt C．being spread D．being overlooked 8．A．Reusing B．Restoring C．Replacing D．Recharging 9．A．big B．new C．rich D．rare 10．A．full B．primary C．domestic D．circular 11．A．batteries B．factories C．vehicles D．suppliers 12．A．alone B．easy C．safe D．fair 13．A．dynamic B．unsustainable C．inacceptable D．competitive 14．A．gigafactory B．business C．company D．manufacturer 15．A．Exceptions B．Complaints C．Discoveries D．Fortunes 模块四：阅读理解·题型全突破 猜想五：应用文阅读（广告/通知/实用指南） 押题解读 应用文阅读理解是高考英语中的高频题型，其命题紧扣实际生活场景，强调信息提取效率与实用语言理解能力。结合上海卷近年命题趋势及改革方向，以下是年应用文高频文本类型： 广告类：产品促销（如智能设备、环保产品）、活动宣传（讲座/展览/赛事）、服务介绍（线上课程、旅游套餐）。 指南类：使用说明（APP操作步骤）、安全须知（实验室规则）、流程说明（签证申请步骤）。 通知类：校园公告（社团招新、考试安排）、社区通知（垃圾分类规则、疫苗接种点）。 书信/邮件类：客户投诉回复、活动邀请函、建议信（如学生对校方的建议）。 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 1. Blood is blue inside your body. Human blood is the same color inside your body as it is outside: red. Our veins look blue because the tissue covering them changes the way light is absorbed and scattered, which affects our perception of their color. 2. Paul Revere shouted “The British are coming!” You can thank Henry Weds-worth Longfellow and his poem “Paul Revere’s Ride” for spreading that tale. No one knows what, if anything. Revere shouted through the streets of Lexington, Massachusetts, though we don know he told one guard that “the regulars are coming out.” 3. The hottest part of a chill pepper is the seeds Capsaicia, a chemical compound that binds to the pain receptors on our nerves to produce that very heat, is most concennrated in the inner white rib of the chili pepper. The seeds don’t actually contain any capsaicin, but they may be coated in it because they touch the rib. 4. Jesus Christ was born on December 25. The Gospels of Matthew and Luke never mention the date of Jesus’s birth. So why do we celebrate December 25 as the day that Christ was born? It could be because of a Roman Catholic historian from the third century, Sextus Julios Africanus, who believed Jesus was conceived on March 25 - nine months before what is now Christmas Day. 5. The Sahara is the world’s largest desert. Technically, Antarctica is. The U. S. Geological Survey defines a desert as “arid land with meager rainfall [usually less than ten inches per year] that supports only sparse vegetation and a limited population of people and animals.” Antarctica averages only six inches of rain a year (mostly as snow) and is almost 5.5 million square miles. The Sahara is only 3.3 million square miles. 6. Chameleorts can change their coloring to match any background. The lizards do adjust their skin tone to camouflage themselves in certain environments, but their color range is limited. The really vibrant hues you see on TV and in books aren’t usually meant for tricking predators. Those chameleons are trying to attract a mate or defend their territory. Male chameleons have even been known to change their colors to appear female, which helps them sneak by other males without the threat or fight. 1．It is _________ that essentially make(s) the pepper taste spicy. A．the concentration of capsaicin B．the coating of the seeds C．the pain receptors on our nerves D．the size of the inner rib 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The Sahara isn’t seen as the world’s largest desert because it receives less rain than Antarctica. B．Chameleons change their coloring to serve purposes other than fooling their enemies. C．Wads-worth witnessed Paul Revere shout “The British are coming” with his own eyes. D．The absorption of light by the tissue changes the blood inside our body from red into blue. 3．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Discoveries That Are Amazing B．Facts That Are Misleading C．Findings That Are Significant D．Myths That Are Unknown Passage 1 The local education department is looking to hire an additional two part-time employees to support its ongoing mobile library van project. The projected working hours shall be an average 23 hours per week spread out over 5 or 6 days from Tuesday to Sunday. PAY RATES Pay rates are competitive and are split into three pays bands: Weekdays 9am-6pm paid at $5.50 per hour, weekdays 6pm-9pm paid at $7.50 per hour, and work on weekends anytime 8:00am-8:00pm will be paid at $10 per hour. QUALIFICATIONS Qualifications for the position are minimal in that there are no specific qualifications required. However, regarding experience, previous library experience is preferred but not absolutely necessary. What is considered to be beneficial for the applicant is having good people skills and a strong desire to help people. A good knowledge of software programs and computers is required, so this position would favor an applicant with excellent computer skill. A valid driving license is essential.    BENEFITS The employee will also be eligible for certain other benefits, such as full health insurance, whilst pension contributions and paid annual leave will be calculated on a pro rata basis. Free access to all library materials both physical and digital will be offered to the employee with certain limits depending on customer demand. WORKING DAYS These could be scheduled anytime from 9am-9pm midweek and 8am-8pm over the weekend Breaks (per day) will be calculated as follows: 0-3 hours = no break, 3-5 hours = 20 minutes, 5-7 hours = 40 minutes, 7-9 hours=60 minutes (taken as 2x 30 minutes), and working 9-11 hours =80 minutes (taken as 2x40 minutes). These breaks are mandatory by law. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS & NOTIFICATIONS Firstly and most importantly is that the employee must be completely flexible to work any shifts as needed, and that work schedules will be planned monthly in advance. On Mondays the mobile library van is closed for regular maintenance and cleaning. The employee will never be asked to work over 30 hours per week unless agreed upon in advance with the employee. 1．If Simon works 4 hours a day from Wednesday to Saturday, how much will he be paid at most per week? A．$106. B．$120. C．$124. D．$130. 2．Which of the following is necessary when applying for the job? A．Adequate computer skills. B．Previous working experience. C．Good communication skills. D．An interest in literature. 3．In which section of the newspaper can you most likely find this passage? A．Health & Diet section. B．Job Hunting section. C．Education section. D．Book Review section. Passage 2 Best of Nashville TN Vacation Enjoy the best of this unique city with the Best of Nashville TN Vacation package. This package allows you to experience hand-picked activities that will help you to have a truly memorable Music City adventure. Package Includes ● 5 Nights’ Accommodations in your choice of over 46 hotels ● Discover Nashville Tour ● Grand Ole Opry at Opry House Preferred Seating ● General Jackson Showboat Evening Dinner Cruise About the Included Discover Nashville Tour See all of the most exciting attractions in Nashville with the incredible Discover Nashville Tour. This tour will give you views of historic downtown, the Tennessee state capital, the Parthenon and many other wonderful attractions. This tour also includes admission to the legendary Ryman Auditorium where the tradition of the Grand Ole Opry began as well as admission to the huge Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum. About the Included Grand Ole Opry at Opry House Guests will also be able to attend the most famous country music show in the world with Grand Ole Opry Tickets! Head to the Opry House to see some of legendary stars in the country. You never know who you may get to see! This package includes Preferred Seating. About the Included General Jackson Showboat Cruise Experience one of the most beloved activities in Nashville, TN with tickets on the General Jackson. Climb aboard this fantastic showboat and set off for an evening of great entertainment, sightseeing, and delicious food. Enjoy some of the most beautiful landmarks in Nashville and glimpse the skyline from the water. It’s sure to be an awesome addition to your journey! About the Included Lodging Visitors on this vacation will also be able to choose which lodging option best suits their needs. Whether they wish to stay in a budget-friendly hotel that will fit the entire family or would like a more peaceful suite in a resort hotel, there are options for everyone. The package includes five nights of lodging. Experience the best of the best of Nashville’s finest attractions, cruises, and more! You and your loved ones are bound to have an awesome time with these fun activities and five nights of lodging. 60．What is NOT included in the Best of Nashville TN Vacation package? A．Meeting superstars of the country. B．Learning the history of the state capital. C．Appreciating the scenery on the showboat. D．Enjoying the most famous country music show. 61．What is true about the included lodging according to the passage? A．The lodging option is fixed. B．A wide choice of hotels are offered. C．The hotels to be selected are luxurious. D．Extra expenses are needed for accommodations. 62．What is the passage probably taken from? A．A travel journal. B．A textbook. C．An advertising page. D．A news report. Passage 3 The world continues to inspire travel writers. Standout books for the year ahead are to please all types of our readers. A Search for Nearby Nature and Wilderness World explorer Alastair Humphries spent a year examining every square metre of a 12-mile radius (半径) around his home in London and found wonder close to hand. A former Adventurer of the Year, Humphries has cycled around the globe and rowed across the Atlantic Ocean. His latest book, though, is a celebration of slowing things down and discovering a small wild world right on your doorstep. It’s also a cry to revitalize London’s neglected natural places in urban areas and our right to wander in them. £12.99, Eye Books. My Adventures in Travel and Publishing Travel publisher, Hilary Bradt’s guidebook company celebrates its 50th anniversary this year. The first Bradt Travel Guide was born in1974: Backpacking Along Ancient Ways Peru & Bolivia which included some of the very first descriptions of the Inca Trail. Since then, Bradt has published many guidebooks about the farthest parts of the planet — Mongolia and Madagascar among them. Pioneering backpacking travels before the concept was widespread, he presents this book looking back at a lifetime of trials and stimulation in the wild. £20.00, Bradt. True Stories of Nature, Adventure & Connection Environmental writer Laurie King has gathered a collection of original non-fiction stories, illustrations, and poems examining the human connection with nature. He takes a walk across the desert and discovers how hermits (隐士) survived in a South American forest. These exciting stories aim to inspire you to find your wild animal soul and rethink your relationship with nature. £14.99, Watkins Publishing. Writers Walk the World From the streets of London to the paths of Japan, the jungles of Ghana and beyond, Duncan Minshull collects the works of more than fifty walker-writers who have traveled the world’s seven continents on foot. From the 1500s to the present day comes a memorable band of explorers and adventurers, scientists and craftsmen, pleasure-seekers and literary drifters sharing their experiences and asking themselves a question — why travel this way in the first place? £15.99, Notting Hill Editions. 1．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Humphries’s book describes sceneries he saw when cycling around the globe. B．Hilary Bradt is among the forerunners of backpacking tours C．Laurie King’s book describes his contact with wild animals. D．Duncan Minshull’s book compares modern cities with rural areas. 2．The book which collects experiences from people of different identities is ________. A．A Search for Nearby Nature and Wilderness B．My Adventures in Travel and Publishing C．True Stories of Nature, Adventure & Connection D．Writers Walk the World 3．The book ________ is focused on natural attractions in a city. A．A Search for Nearby Nature and Wilderness B．My Adventures in Travel and Publishing C．True Stories of Nature, Adventure & Connection D．Writers Walk the World Passage 4 Welcome to Lake Toba! Lake Toba is an extraordinary natural wonder of the world. This enormous lake consists of an island almost the size of Singapore In its center. It is the largest lake in Southeast Asia and one of the deepest lakes in the world. A Comforting Escapade Toba is a place to sit back, relax and absorb some beautiful scenery. As you sit and take in the view of the picturesque mountains that set against the cool clear lake, you will feel the worries of the world melt away. How to Get There ●By Air Medan is an international gateway. A number of airlines fly daily between the Kualanamu Airport Medan and all major cities in Indonesia and international flights also go from Medan to Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. ●By Land Parapat, the town by Lake Toba, is 176 km away from Medan and can be reached in under 6 hours by public buses. Travel agents in. Medan can also organize a rental car plus a chauffeur (司机) for you. If you are coming from the south via Bukittinggi and Tarutung, there is a public bus available. ●By Water Once you arrive in Parapat, you can catch the ferry to Samosir Island. The two landing points on Samosir are the traditional village of Tomok, or Tuk Tuk, where the island’s hotels and restaurants are concentrated. Attraction There are many ways for you to enjoy Lake Toba’s breathtaking natural wonders. Many people said that kayaking in Lake Toba is a once-in-a-lifetime experience. Commonly, there are three routes that you can explore by paddling the kayak, which is Tongging-Sialahi (Easy), Tongging-Samosir (Medium), and Northern Circle (Demanding). You can also savor the cool breeze from around the lake by glamping (glamorous camping) on The Kaldera Nomadic Escape, burying yourself in nature without having to. bother with the common hassles (麻烦) of conventional camping. Moreover, you can also be pampered (精心护理) with its facilities such as Bohemian-style tents. Lake Toba is also home to two ethnic groups of Tomok and Simanindo. Located on the island of Samosir, the traditional village is protected by surrounding barriers of earthen ramparts (城墙) with bamboo fencing and trees. The village is also home to many unique and authentic traditional-houses, especially from Tomok, which consists of a row of massive wooden houses with impressive saddle-shaped straw roofs. Those of you who are looking for souvenirs might want to take a look at Ulos, a handmade textile which not only serves as clothing, but also is a significant status symbol. 1．You can get to Parapat by ________ from Medan. A．catching a ferry B．renting a car C．taking the subway D．taking a plane 2．Peter is an athlete who enjoys challenging himself. Which paddling route would you recommend him to take? A．Northern Circle. B．Tongging-Samosir. C．Tongging-Silalahi. D．Tomok-Tongging. 3．Which of the following statements is true? A．Lake Toba, about the size of Singapore, is the largest village in the in Southeast Asia. B．Ulos is the place you, should go to if you want to buy souvenirs. C．Camping on the Kaldera Nomadic Escape, you will find some Bohemian-style tents. D．There are many unique and traditional houses with bamboo roofs on Samosir. Passage 5                          Winter storms create a higher risk of car accidents, hypothermia (体温过低), frostbite, and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Winter storms can bring extreme cold, freezing rain, snow, ice and high winds. IF YOU ARE UNDER A WINTER STORM WARNING, FIND SHELTER RIGHT AWAY Winter Storm WarningIssued when hazardous winter weather in the form of heavy snow or heavy freezing rain is upcoming or occurring. Winter Storm Warnings are usually issued 12 to 24 hours before the event is expected to begin. Winter Weather Advisory Issued for accumulations (积聚) of snow and freezing rain which will cause significant inconveniences and, if measures are not taken, could lead to life-threatening situations. Preparing for Winter WeatherPrepare your home to keep out the cold. Learn how to keep pipes from freezing. Install and test smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors with battery backups. Gather supplies in case you need to stay home for several days without power. Keep in mind each person’s specific needs, including medication. Remember the needs of your pets. Have extra batteries for radios and flashlights. In Case of Emergency Be prepared for winter weather at home, at work and in your car. Create an emergency supply kit for your car. Include sand, a flashlight, warm clothes, blankets, bottled water and snacks. Keep a full tank of gas. Avoid carbon monoxide poisoning. Only use generators and grills (烤架) outdoors and away from windows. Never heat your home with gas appliances.  Stay off roads if at all possible. If trapped in your car, then stay inside.  Limit your time outside. If you need to go outside, then wear layers of warm clothing. Watch for signs of frostbite and hypothermia. 1．Which of the following pictures when clicked will most probably lead you to the above webpage? A． B． C． D． 2．To get ready for winter weather, you should _____. A．send your pets to animal shelters B．warm your home with gas appliances C．remove pipes to prevent them freezing D．get necessities in case of life without power 3．_____ is a good way to stay safe during winter weather. A．Trying to stay inside B．Driving a car when going out C．Wearing water-proof clothes D．Using generators to keep warm 猜想六：记叙文阅读（情感故事/成长励志） 押题解读 2025年上海卷阅读理解记叙文将围绕“情感共鸣”与“价值引领”双核心，通过细腻的情节设计、文化符号嵌入及非线性叙事手法，考查学生对人性深度的理解与批判性思维。 备考需聚焦“情感—事件—主题”三角关系，强化细节关联与象征意义解读能力，方能在复杂叙事中精准捕捉命题意图。 一、选材特点与主题方向 1. 题材偏好 个人成长类： 困境突破（如克服身体缺陷、家庭变故）、学业逆袭（从学渣到学霸的转变）、友情/亲情修复（误解到和解）。 社会观察类： 跨文化冲突（留学生活中的文化碰撞）、平凡人物的不平凡事迹（环卫工的善举）、科技与人性的平衡（如老人与智能设备的互动）。 哲理寓言类： 通过自然现象（候鸟迁徙）、动物故事（导盲犬的忠诚）隐喻人生道理（坚持、信任、尊重自然）。 2. 文本特征 情感线鲜明：情感词汇密集（如frustrated, overwhelmed, relieved），通过动作、对话间接体现人物心理（如“She bit her lip,沉默不语”暗示焦虑）。 结构多带转折：经典“低谷转折升华”三幕式结构，转折点常为关键事件（如陌生人帮助、自我反思）。 例： 开头：主人公因比赛失利沮丧（低谷）→ 偶遇残障运动员坚持训练（转折）→ 重燃斗志并最终成功（升华）。 细节象征化： 环境描写（天气、物品）烘托主题（如“阴雨转晴”象征心境变化，“旧怀表”象征亲情传承）。 二、2025年命题趋势与难点 1. 跨文化叙事增加 选材可能涉及中外文化对比（如春节vs.圣诞节习俗），需理解文化符号隐含意义（如“红包”象征祝福，“圣诞树”象征团聚）。 例： 故事讲述留学生在海外过春节，通过包饺子缓解思乡之情→ 主题：文化认同与情感归属。 2. 非线性叙事结构 突破平铺直叙，采用倒叙（开头即结局，后回溯原因）或多视角切换（通过不同人物视角还原事件全貌），增加推理难度。 例： 首段：“I finally understood why she left that day.” → 后文通过回忆揭示“she”离开的原因。 3. 开放式结局增多 结尾不直接点明主题，需考生结合细节推断作者意图（如留白式结尾引发思考）。 →原文结尾：“He handed her the letter and walked away, leaving her staring at the unopened envelope.” → 可能主题：沟通的重要性/未解心结的遗憾。 三、解题策略：三步定位法 根据上海高考英语命题规律及近年改革方向，2025年阅读理解中的记叙文将延续“以情动人、以事寓理”的命题特点，重点考查学生对情节发展、人物情感及主题升华的深层理解能力。以下是针对记叙文命题特点的详细分析： Step 1: 抓情感关键词 标记情绪词（tears, smiled, sighed）、感官描写（sight/sound）及重复出现的象征物。 Step 2: 理清情节脉络 用“5W1H”（Who/What/When/Where/Why/How）梳理事件链，绘制简易流程图。 Step 3: 关联主题升华 将细节与结尾议论句对照，提炼核心价值观（勇气、宽容、成长）。 The fire raced through Lahaina last August so fast that it killed 100 people and destroyed more than 2,200 buildings. It left more than 7,000 people without their possessions and in need of shelter. That afternoon, Kalyn Lepre, a 36-year-old nutritional therapist, grabbed her wallet and drove out of town. She lost everything else in her four-bedroom house: clothes, documents, jewelry and seven surfboards. Lepre surfed almost every day; surfing was a source of joy and a means to maintain her mental health. Seeing her surfboards reduced to a pile of fibers - especially her prized baby blue custom long board - was heart-wrenching. “I was so in love with that board,” she says. Jud Lau understood. The 53-year-old Maui native has been riding the waves since he was a teenager, and he’s been building surfboards for the last 15 years. He knows the value of a good surfboard. “A surfboard is part of your whole being especially in Hawaii, where surfing originated,” he says. “Losing a board is like losing a part of your soul.” So, wanting to help the victims in some way, he started thinking about all the surfers who had lost their boards. “And I thought, that’s my area of expertise,” he says. “Surfing is a healing thing for surfers-getting in the ocean, connecting to Mother Nature.” He realized he could give that back to them. Lau started by connecting people who wanted to donate extra boards to those who had lost theirs, about 200 boards total. Friends in Oahu and California collected another 550 boards and shipped them to Maui for Lau to distribute. But many surfers, like Lepre, use custom boards designed to accommodate their size or the type of waves they ride. So Lau turned to cash donations - raising about $20,000 - to cover the cost of materials for shaping custom boards to give away. Donating his labor, he made more than40 boards that typically would have retailed for $ 600 to S1, 500 each. He also persuaded the other shapers on the island, about a dozen of them, to make at least one board each, providing around 20 more surfboards. The recipients of Lau’s efforts include Lepre. She messaged him what she’d lost and he shaped her a high-performance, 9-foot, single-fin board with a sunset fading from yellow to orange and “Lahaina” in deep red letters in the middle. “I cried when I saw it.” Lepre says, “He created an art piece for me, and this tool would help me move forward.” The new board allowed her to get back in the water and start healing. 1．According to the passage, what does surfing mean to Kalyn Lepre? A．It’s critical to her mental health. B．It’s optional in her everyday life. C．It’s a casual form of exercise for her. D．It’s her vital means of making a living. 2．In the second paragraph, the underlined word “heart-wrenching” is closest in meaning to ______. A．distracting B．frightening C．distressing D．puzzling 3．What can be inferred about Jud Lau’s motivation to help fire victims? A. He wanted to profit from selling surfboards B. He aimed to promote his surfboard business C. He believed surfing could aid emotional recovery D. He was ordered by local authorities to take action 4．The passage is mainly concerned with ______. A．the destructive force of a fire in Lahaina B．the significance of surfing for Hawaiian people C．how Kalyn Lepre overcame the grief of losing a surfboard D．how Jud Lau helped those who lost their surfboards in the fire Passage 1 My husband and I live near San Luis Obispo, California, close to the beach. In November 2023, during the humpback whale migration, we kayaked (划皮划艇) out to watch the wildlife. We were in awe watching these graceful whales breach and spray through their blowholes. At the time, my friend Liz was staying with us. Initially, she refused to join us on the water, fearing the kayak would overturn among the whales. After some cajoling (劝说) she finally agreed to join me. The following morning, we set out early and had our first whale sighting just past the pier: two humpbacks swimming toward us. How amazing to be that close to a creature that$$