第10讲 虚拟语气 导学案-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

第10讲 虚拟语气 教学目标 【一】什么是虚拟语气？ 【二】If 条件虚拟语气和should do 的用法？ Part I. 夯实语法 虚拟语气 名词解释 a. 语气 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。包括 陈述语气，表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的。 祈使语气，表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令。 We are not ready. Open the door please! b. 虚拟语气 虚拟语气， 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测。 If I were you, I should study English. I wish you could go with me. May you succeeded. 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 真实条件句，假设的情况是有可能发生的。 虚拟条件句，假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在、或将来也不大可能发生的。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。构成如下： 动词形式 时间 从句 主句 与现在事实不符 did (be的过去式一般用were) would, should, could, might + do; 与将来事实不符 did /should+ do; were+ to; 与过去事实不符 had+ done, had been； would, should, could, might +have+ done; 注：1. 虚拟时：主从句的时态后退一步； 2. 主句中的should只用于I、We，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。 用法举例： 1. 与现在事实相反的假设和结果 If I were you, I would(should, could, might) tell him the truth. 2. 与过去事实相反的假设或结果 If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t(couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 3. 与将来的事实可能相反的假设和结果 If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 4. 省略连词if（此时要用倒装结构，不能用助动词的缩略否定式）: Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. Had he been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Pairs. (不能说：Weren’t it …) 5. 错综时间条件句 虚拟语气的错综条件句子，也就是常说的混合条件句，即虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 If I were you，I wouldn’t have missed the film last night．如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。） If he had followed the doctor’s advice，he would recover already．如果他遵照医生的劝告，现在病就好了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 6. 混合虚拟语气　 有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说，在这种情况下，主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，所以我们又可以错综时间条件句，在这种虚拟情况，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。绝大多数情况下，从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语，这是解题的关键。　　 Many dead would now be alive（现在）if they have not attempted to return for something（过去）.　 Had Paul received six more votes in the last election（过去）, he would be our chairman now（现在）. If it had rained last night（过去）,it would be very cold today（现在）. If I had taken your advice（过去）,I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）. 混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。　 I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。　 Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟（如果你去并且解释的话），但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为“父母病了”是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式had been。 【随堂练习一】 1. If the dog hadn’t woken us we the fire and it the house next door. A. hadn’t noticed; had spread to B. wouldn’t have noticed; might have spread to C. wouldn’t notice; would have spread to D. didn’t notice; spread to 2. If you were to do it, the result different. A. will be B. would be C. should be D would have been 3. If you that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.　 A. haven’t watched B. didn’t watch　 C. haven’t watched D. wouldn’t have watched wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1.对现在情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋动词过去式(be用were) 2.对过去情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词 3.对将来情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋would/could/might＋动词原形 ①I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是一只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。 ②I wish you had come to the lecture. 但愿你当时来听报告了。 ③We wish we would live on the moon one day. 但愿我们有一天能住在月球上。 【同步练习】单项选择 1. I wish I to talk this over with Mr. Zhang when he was here last night. A. had been able B. should be able C. have been able D. were able 2. It was a lovely day yesterday. I wish I at the seaside then. A. were B. had been C. should be D. should have been 其它句型虚拟语气 1. as if/ as though引导的方式状语从句 由as if/ as though引导的方式状语从句有时也用虚拟语气，表明与事实相反的情况。与现在 事实相反用一般过去时，与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 The young man with long hair walks as if he were /was a girl. The injured man acted as if nothing had happened. 温馨提示：从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气： It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。 Tom raised his hands as if he was going to say something. 【同步练习】翻译句子 她跑得飞快好像魔鬼在追她似的。 ___________________________________________________________ 我感觉好像置于一人世外桃源。 ___________________________________________________________ 这肉吃起来似乎已经坏了。 2.含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导或者通过上下文 引出。 ①But for your advice, I would have failed. ＝If you hadn't given me advice, I would have failed. 如果不是你的建议，我会失败的。 ②Without your help, I wouldn't have succeeded anyway. ＝If you hadn't helped me, I wouldn't have succeeded anyway. 没有你的帮助，我无论如何也不会成功。 【同步练习】翻译句子 没有空气，便没有生物。 假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。 要不是他们的帮助，我们是克服不了这些困难的。 3. would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 ①When my father is upset, he would rather we left him alone. 当我的父亲烦恼的时候， 他更喜欢我们不打扰他。 【同步练习】翻译句子 我宁愿你没有告诉我那件事。 4．if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。 Look at the trouble we're in.If only we had taken our teacher's advice! 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！ 【同步练习】翻译句子 要是她能活得再长一些，那该多好啊！ 5. 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。 Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。 【同步练习】翻译句子 即使华佗在世也救不了他。 虚拟语气的should do用法（温馨提示：试题中经常会省略“should”的情况，形成“动词原型”的假象。） 1. 在句型It is important (strange, natural, necessary, etc.) that…。从句中的谓语动词常用 should do 结构。 It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. It is decided (has been decided) that the meeting (should) be postponed till tomorrow. It is very strange that she (should) have left without saying goodbye. 【同步练习】翻译句子 做好准备对他来说非常有必要。 __________________________________________________________ 爸爸说公司已经决定解雇他了。 ___________________________________________________________ 2. 在suggest, demand, order, propose, insist, command, request, desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should do，表示建议、要求、命令等。如： I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 【同步练习】翻译句子 这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。 _________________________________________________________ 该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。 ___________________________________________________________ 【注意】 ① 动词insist接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气 两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。 比较： He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。 He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。 ②动词suggest后接宾语从句时，若suggest译为“建议”时则用虚拟语气； 若suggest译为“表明”、“认为”时，则用陈述语气。 比较： He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。 What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。 I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。 【同步练习】翻译句子 他坚决认为自己做对了。 ___________________________________________________________ 他们坚决要求让我留下吃晚饭。 ___________________________________________________________ 我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。 ___________________________________________________________ 他面色苍白，说明他身体不好。 ___________________________________________________________ 3. 用于表语从句和同位语从句中 在suggestion, proposal, order, idea(意见，想法), request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it. 我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。 Your suggestion that the door (should) be shut when we leave is reasonable. 你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。 【同步练习】翻译句子 你那邀请他的建议被拒绝了。 我们唯一的要求是将此事尽快地定下来。 我们决定派二名同学去邀请他。 4. 在in case, for fear( that), lest等引导的从句中，谓语动词用should do。如： She took her raincoat with her in case/for fear/ lest she (should) be caught in the rain. Remind me of it in case I(should) forget. 【同步练习】翻译句子 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。 ___________________________________________________________ 在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。 ___________________________________________________________ 5. 在It is time(that) … 句型中，定于从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式用过去式或”should do”，意思是“该是做某事的时候了”。如： It’s time we went (should go) to bed. It’s time we did our homework. 【同步练习】翻译句子 是时候我们该为市中心的交通问题做些什么了。 ___________________________________________________________ 现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 ___________________________________________________________ 【随堂练习二】 1． 单项选择 1. If I ______ten years younger, I _____ very happy. A. were, would be B. am, shall be C. were, shall be D. am, would be 2. What would you have done last night, if you _____to write your homework. A. hadn’t B. haven’t had C. didn’t have D. hadn’t had 3. _______I’d have told you. A. If I would have known it B. If I had have known it C. Had I known it D. Should I know it 4. The machine is of good quality. If it __________ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.（2016广州市四校联考） A.would B. should C. could D. might 5. Had I made good use of this software, a huge amount of time and energy _________. A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved 6 . , man could not live at all. A. Were it not for the sun B. If it was for the sun C. Had it not been for the sun D. If it shouldn’t be for the sun 7. Their suggestion that she till next week is reasonable. A. wait B. are waiting C. will wait D. would wait 8. If there were no subjunctive mood, English easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D D.would be 9. If she had worked harder, she . A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded 10. –The experiment had failed. --I suggest you again. A. try B. trying C. will try D. would try 11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. had broken C. were broken D D.had been broken 12. We the work on time without your help. A. hadn’t had finished B. didn’t have finished C. can’t have finished D D.couldn’t have finished 13. If only I as young as you are! A. be B. am C. were D. being 14. Should it rain, the crops . A. will be saved B. would be saved C. had been saved D. would have been saved 15. It is important that we wild animal. A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting 16. –There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. --It a comfortable journey. A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been 17. You didn’t let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired. A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; won’t D.had driven; wouldn’t get 18. – I stayed at a hotel while in New York. --Oh, did you? You with Barbara。 A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 二、填空 1. He broke his leg yesterday. I wish he (not slip and fall). 2. He left orders that nothing (touch) until the police arrived. 3. If you had posted the letter, Joan (receive) it last Monday. 4. Do you think it right that the boy (treat) like that? 5. He gave up his job in order that he (have) more time to study. 6. What would you say or do if someone (call) you a fool? 7. It’s high time the weather (improve). 8. Without electricity, there (be) no modern industry. 9. If he (not be) ill, he would have done something to help us. 10. If you had studied hard at school, you (be) a college student now. 11. Should he need an operation, she (take) to the hospital. 12. I am not tired. If I were tied, I (have) a rest. 13. She has been away since last week. If she had been here yesterday, she (go) to see the film with us. 14. Doctor Wang insisted that the patient (stay) in bed for a few days. 15. He is sorry he made a mistake. He wished he (not make) the mistake. 三．翻译句子 1. 如果我努力些，上周的考试就通过了。所以，是我的懒惰导致了我的失败。 _______ I worked harder, I _______ _______ passed the exam last week, so _______ was my laziness _______ resulted in my failure． 2. 如果你在那儿的话，你就会见到那个著名的明星。 If you here, you would see the famous star. 2. 他建议派一名医生去帮助受伤的人。 3. He suggested that a doctor to help the injured people. 4. 我希望我明天能在晚会上遇到你。 I wish I you at the party tomorrow. 5. 如果下周他向公司申请这个职位的话会被录用的。 _________ _________ ________ to the company for the position next week, he would be accepted. 6. If I _______ _______ _______ ______ (用光) sugar, I wouldn’t have gone to the shops in the heavy rain. Part II：巩固篇章 请划出以下文章中含有虚拟语气的句子，并翻译句子。 Do It Today! When I was superintendent of schools ( 地方教育官员) in Palo Alto, California, Polly Tyner, the president of our board of trustees ( 理事会，大学董事会), wrote a letter that was printed in the Palo Alto Times. Polly's son, Jim, had great difficulty in school. He was classified as educationally handicapped and required a great deal of patience on the part of his parents and teachers. But Jim was a happy kid with a great smile that lit up the room. His parents acknowledged his academic difficulties, but always tried to help him see his strengths so that he could walk with pride. Shortly after Jim finished high school, he was killed in a motorcycle accident. After his death, his mother submitted this letter to the newspaper. Today we buried our 20-year-old son. He was killed instantly in a motorcycle accident on Friday night. How I wish I had known when I talked to him last that it would be the last time. If I had only known I would have said, "Jim, I love you and I'm so very proud of you." I would have taken the time to count the many blessings he brought to the lives of the many who loved him. I would have taken time to appreciate his beautiful smile, the sound of his laughter, his genuine love of people. When you put all the good attributes on the scale and you try to balance all the irritating traits such as the radio which was always too loud, the haircut that wasn't to our liking, the dirty socks under the bed, etc., the irritations don't amount to much. I won't get another chance to tell my son all I would have wanted him to hear, but, other parents, you do have a chance. Tell your young people what you would want them to hear if you knew it would be your last conversation. The last time I talked to Jim was the day he died. He called me to say, "Hi, Mom! I just called to say I love you. Got to go to work. Bye." He gave me something to treasure forever. If there is any purpose at all to Jim's death, maybe it is to make others appreciate more of life and to have people, especially families, take the time to let each other know just how much we care. You may never have another chance. Do it today! Part III： 高考题型综合练习 语法填空 Do you have sleeping problems? If so, then these tips may help you fall asleep fast. Set aside the thought __1__ you have to fall asleep. The more you think of it, the __2__ (hard) you will fall asleep. The foods you eat also play __3__ important part. Avoid eating or drinking things like chocolates, coffee, tea and energy drinks. If you have to, then have them in the morning and never in the afternoon, __4__ (especial) before going to bed. Don't eat too much at night. A full stomach will make it more difficult for you __5__ (fall) asleep because your body is working more time to digest the food you ate. Make a __ 6 __ (fix) time to go to bed. For example, by 9 o'clock in the evening you should already be in bed. Do this even if you're not sleepy yet. Once __7__ (follow) this routine, you will gradually see that you feel __8__ (sleep) when it's 9 o'clock. Make your room comfortable for sleeping. You should also take note that the sleeping environment also affects your sleep. It must be in the room _ 9_ it's not noisy. Otherwise, you will find _ 10_ difficult to fall asleep again after waking up. 第10讲 虚拟语气答案 【随堂练习一】 答案：1.B 2.B 3.B wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气 【同步练习】单项选择答案：1. A 2. B 其它句型虚拟语气 1. 【同步练习】翻译句子答案： She ran as if the Old Boy were after her. I feel as if I have been in a different world. This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.  2. 【同步练习】翻译句子 答案： Without air,there would be no living things.(without air＝if there were no air) With her help(＝If I had her help),I would do the experiment well. But for their help(＝If it were not for their help),we could not get over the difficulties. 3. 【同步练习】翻译句子答案： I would rather you hadn’t told me that thing. 4．【同步练习】翻译句子答案： If only she could have lived a little longer. 5. 【同步练习】翻译句子答案： Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 虚拟语气的should do用法 1.【同步练习】翻译句子答案： It is essential that he should be prepared for this. Father said that it had been decided that he be fired. 2.【同步练习】翻译句子 答案： This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life. The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record. 【注意】 【同步练习】翻译句子答案： He insisted that he had done right. They insist that I stay there for supper. I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way. His pale face suggests bad health. 3.【同步练习】翻译句子答案： You suggestion that he be invited was rejected. Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible. Our decision was that we send two students to invite him. 4.【同步练习】翻译句子答案： The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur. 5. 【同步练习】翻译句子答案： It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. It is high time that we put an end to this discussion. 【随堂练习二】 一．单项选择答案：ADCBA AADDA CDCBB DBA 二、填空答案： 1. 第 16 页 共 16 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. had not slipped and fallen. 3. should be touched 4. would have received 5. should be treated 6. could have 7. called 8. improve 9. would be 10. had not been 11. would be 12. were taken 13. would have 14. would have gone 15. stay 16. would not have made 三．翻译句子答案： 1. 2. If; would have; it; that; 3. were; 4. be sent; 5. could meet; 6. If he applied/should he apply 7. hadn’t run out of 四． 单句改错答案： 1. 2. have改为had 3. listened 前加had 4. have后加had 5. 去掉had 6. won改为should win 7. will改为should / 去掉will 8. am改为were Part II：巩固篇章 请划出以下文章中含有虚拟语气的句子，并翻译句子。 答案： How I wish I had known when I talked to him last that it would be the last time. If I had only known I would have said, "Jim, I love you and I'm so very proud of you." 我多么希望上次跟他谈话的时候我就知道那是最后一次见面啊。真的知道的话，我肯定会说：“吉姆，我爱你，我非常以你为豪。” I would have taken the time to count the many blessings he brought to the lives of the many who loved him. I would have taken time to appreciate his beautiful smile, the sound of his laughter, his genuine love of people. 我肯定会花时间去计算他给爱他的人所带来的无数祝福；我肯定会花时间去欣赏他美丽的笑容，爽朗的笑声，和他给人真诚的爱。 Part III： 高考题型综合练习 语法填空 1．that　设空处引导同位语从句，对thought进行解释说明，所填词在从句中不作成分且语义完整，故用that。 2．harder　本句为“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”结构，故填harder。 3．an　play an important part“起重要作用，扮演重要角色”。 4．especially　修饰介词短语before going to bed应用副词形式，故填especially。 5．to fall　在句型“make it＋adj.(difficult, easy etc.)＋for sb.＋to do sth.”中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的 不定式短语。 6．fixed　设空处作定语修饰time，故应用形容词形式。fixed“固定的，不变的”，符合语境。 7．following　句意：一旦你开始这样做的话，就会逐渐发现自己在9点的时候就觉得困了。follow与逻辑主语 you是主动关系，故应填现在分词following。 8．sleepy　feel 为系动词，后接形容词作表语。sleepy“困的”，符合语境。 9．where　设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the room，并在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。 10．it　在句式结构“find it difficult to do sth.”中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短语。 $$