第8讲 时态 导学案-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

第8讲 时 态 教学目标 【一】常见的情态动词有哪些，如何使用？ 【二】语法填空实词部分的解题思路 【三】语法填空中时态的考点 Part I. 夯实语法 动词时态（Tense） 1. 一般现在时 ①表示现在的情况、状态和特征。 例：He is a student. 他是一个学生。 ② 表示经常性、习惯性动作。 例：He always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。 ③ 客观事实和普遍真理。 例：The earth moves the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 ④ 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作（常用于列车、客车、飞机或轮船时刻表） 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.  下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。 ⑤ 主将从现：在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在表示将的来事情。  例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们会待在家里。 【典型例题】 1. That's why I help brighten people's days. If you ___________, who's to say that another person will? A. didn't B. don't C. weren't D. haven't 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词的时态。一般现在时:表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。 在本题目中，可以从这个角度来判断，主将从现是指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。比如：条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时（即主将从现）。 如： When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。 2. The shoes are of high quality and ___________ long. A. wore B. are worn C. wear D. will be worn 【答案】C 【解析】C考查动词的时态和语态。试题分析：句意：这双鞋质量好并且耐穿。根据句意可知，这表明了鞋的特征是耐穿，而没有强调具体穿的动作，故用一般现在时表示性质和特征。故选C项。 3. As the most frequently spoken language in the world, Chinese ___________ in many schools in Europe. A. is teaching B is taught C. has taught D. teaches 【答案】B 【解析】B考查时态和语态。句意：作为世界上最常见的口语，汉语在欧 洲的很多学校被教。因为是被动含义，排除ACD，选B项。 2. 现在进行时 (am/is/are + doing) ①表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。 例：He is listening to the music now. 他现在正在听音乐。 ②表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情，但不一定此时此刻正在做。 例：I am studying computer this term. 这个学期我一直在学习计算机。 ③现在进行时可以表示将来的含义。 瞬时动词的进行一定表将来。 例： I am leaving. 我要离开了。 持续动词的进行只有有将来的时间状语或有将来语境中才表将来。 例： I am travelling next month. 下个月我要去旅行。 ④现在进行时与频度副词连用，表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。 例： He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。（褒义） 【典型例题】 1. More expressways ___________ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。本句为时态题，根据时间状语soon可知，考查了将来时，故选择B。句意为：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。 2. Nowadays, cell phones have features such as games, music and calendars and more new functions ___________. A. are added B. have added C. are being added D. have been added 【答案】C 【解析】C考查时态和语态。句意：现在最新的手机有很多功能，游戏、 音乐和会提醒你忘了约会和重要日期的电子日历等功能正被加入。因为时 间是nowadays，而且是被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，选C项。 3. 过去进行时 (was/ were + doing) ①表示在过去一个具体的时间正在发生的动作。  例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago. 10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。  ②表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。 例：I was travelling in London last summer vacation. 去年暑假我在伦敦旅行。 ③过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。 瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义。 例：Then she said she was leaving. 然后她说她要离开了。 持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去将来。 例：She said that she was travelling the next day. 她说她第二天要去旅行。 ④过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。 例：When he lived in country，he was always helping the poor. 住在乡下时，他总是帮助穷人。 【典型例题】 1. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he ___________ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was 【答案】C 【解析】句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。 2. He must have sensed that I ___________ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?" A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at 【答案】C 【解析】过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作，如果没有具体的时间，可以从意义上去把握。句意：他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么要那样盯着我看？”根据分析，此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的must have sensed和glanced at可知是过去进行时，故选C。 4. 一般将来时 ①基本结构是will do 例：We will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift. 我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。  ②表示“打算…，要…”时，可用 am/is/are going to do 例：This is just what I am going to say. 这正是我想说的。 ③ 表示“即将、正要”时，可用am/is/are about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事 例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you. 别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。 ④"be to do"的2种用法：  a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。  例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday. 星期一你准会在实验室见到她。 b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。  例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes. 孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。 【典型例题】 1. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right. I ___________ him later. A. will call B. have called    C. call   D will be calling 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。 2. It is reported that a space station ___________ on the moon in years to come. A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built 【答案】B 【解析】句意：据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in years to come”可知用将来时，space station和build是动宾关系，应该使用被动语态，故选B。 3. As you go through this book, you ___________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience. A. will find B. found C. had found D. have found 【答案】A 【解析】一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。根据句意，判断主语的时态为一般将来时，故选A。 5. 将来进行时(will be doing) 强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。  例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time. 别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。 6. 过去将来时(would do) 表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。  例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day. 我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。 【典型例题】 1. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he ___________ the first black president of the United States of America. A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在大学的时候，奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个时间将要发生的事情，所以选A。 7.过去将来进行时( would be doing ) 强调在过去将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。  例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July. 政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。 8. 一般过去时 (did; was/were) ①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。 例：I bought some fruits yesterday. 我昨天买了一些水果。 ②表示过去习惯性动作。 would/ used to do：过去常常...... 例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody. 老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。  He used to visit his mother once a week. 他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。 【典型例题】 1. —Did you enjoy the party? —Yes, we ___________ by our hosts. A. were treated  B. would be treated C. treated  D. had treated 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。 2. —Is Peter coming? —No, he ___________ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. A. changes B. changed   C. was changing D. had changed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute在最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。 3. I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ___________, "What do you wish me to do now?" A. ask B. have asked C. am asking D. asked 【答案】D 【解析】一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。此题主句的时态为一般过去时，表示这个事情和动作发生在过去，故从句时态也要用一般过去时。句意：我不能隐藏我的渴望，当我问道，“你现在希望我做些什么？”故选D。 4. I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ___________ thankfully by the shop window. A. am held back B. held back C. hold back   D. was held back 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据主句中的had可知时态是一般过去时；hold与主语构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。句意：我极其渴望进到商店去玩那个玩具，但是幸亏被橱窗挡住了。 5. Our new English teacher, who is said to have moved back to China, ___________ in America for almost ten years. A. lived   B. has lived  C. was living  D. had lived 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：据说现在已经搬回到中国的新英语老师，在美国生活了10年。由who is said to have moved back to China,可知英语老师现在在中国，不在美国，在美国的10年是过去的10年，用一般过去式，选A项。 9. 现在完成时(have/has done) ①表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成，强调对现在产生的影响。  例：I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. 我买了一所新房子，但是还没有卖掉旧的，所以现在我又两所房子。 ②表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。 时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。  例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.  虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。 【典型例题】 1. In the last few years, China ___________ great achievements in environmental protection. A. has made B. had made C. was making D. is making 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。 2. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat __________ cut. A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在我的家乡，麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐。现在完成时表示动作已经完成，才会举行庆祝活动，故选D项。 3. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ___________ so far by the two sides. A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached 【答案】A 【解析】句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知选A。 4. —Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and（）his essay there ever since. A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing   D. is writing 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。 10. 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) 表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。  例：We have been working on this project for over a month now. 到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。 【典型例题】 1. Mary ___________ really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked 【答案】B 【解析】句意：Marty一直努力写书，我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作。所以选B。 2. —Why is the house in a mess?  —I ___________ it for Christmas since three days ago. A. cleaned B. cleans C. have cleaned D. have been cleaning 【答案】D 【解析】D考查动词时态。句意：——为什么房子那么乱？——为了圣诞节我已经打扫三天了。由题干上下文中可知，“我已打扫三天了”，但是还没有打扫完，还要继续打扫，应该用现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时用于表示“从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直持续到现在，并且还要继续下去”。而现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响好结果，故选D项。 11. 过去完成时(had done) ①表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的"过去的过去"。  Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months.  到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。 ②表示从过去的过去开始，持续到过去的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。 By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years. 到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了. 【典型例题】 1. —Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house? —Not really. She ___________ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily? A. was to give B. had given  C. was giving  D. would give 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查学生对时态的掌握情况，现在完成时和过去完成时都是考试中常出的考点。分析前后两句两个动作，判断出后者的动作发生在前者的动作之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。 2. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ___________ my bank in the cafe. A. have left B. had left C would leave D. was leaving 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。realized后省略了that，这里是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时，故选B。 12.过去完成进行时(had been doing) 表示从过去的过去开始，持续到过去的动作或情况，期间一直有规律的在进行、不曾间断，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。 例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home. 我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。 13.过去将来完成时(would have done) 表示到过去将来某一时间已经完成的动作，并且对过去将来那一时间点产生影响。 例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong. 我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。 表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间，并且有可能继续延续下去。 例：He told me that by the end of the year he would have lived there for thirty years. 他告诉我，到那年年底为止他将已经在那里住了三十年了。 14.过去将来完成进行时：(would have been doing) 表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间，期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断，并且有可能继续延续下去。 例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. 他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。 15. 将来完成时(will have done) ①表示一个动作到将来某个时间为止已经完成，强调对将来那个时间产生的影响。 例：Pick me up at 8 o'clock, I will have had breakfast by then. 早上8点钟你来接我,到时我已经吃完早饭了. ②表示一个动作延续到将来某个时间，并且有可能继续延续下去。 例：The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.  会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。 【典型例题】 1. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ___________ a class at that time. A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught   D. will be teaching 【答案】D 【解析】句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。故选D。 16.将来完成进行时(will have been doing) 表示一个动作延续到将来某个时间，期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断，并且有可能继续延续下去 例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. 到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。 【随堂练习一】 1. Shirley ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 2.—Have you got your test result? —Not yet. The papers ________. A. are not correcting B. have not corrected C. are still being corrected D. have already been corrected 3. See the clouds! It ________ rain! A. will B. is going to C. must D. certainly 4. Do I have to take this medicine? It ________ so terrible. A. tastes B. is tasting C. is tasted D. has tasted 5. Don’t take the magazine away. It ________ me. A. is belonged to B. belongs to C. was belonged to D. is belonging to 第8讲 时 态 答 案 【随堂练习一】： 1～5 DCBAB 6~10 ACCAC 课后习题 ：单项选择 1～5 DADBD 第 16 页 共 16 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$