第6讲 现在分词、过去分词、动名词 导学案-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

第6讲 现在分词、过去分词、动名词 一、语法复习（-ing & -ed） 一 分类、构成及功能一览表 名称 构成 特征和作用 时态和语态 否定式 复合 结构 分词 现在分词 doing, having done being done, having been done 在 动名词及 分词前+not/never / 具有副词、形容词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、状语、宾补（常用在see, find, feel, keep, get, have等动词之后） 过去分词 done being done, having been done 动名词 doing, having done being done, having been done sb.’s doing 具有名词的作用，在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语、 二 作宾语的非谓语动词比较 情况 常用动词 只接动名词作宾语的动词或短语 mind（介意）, miss（错过）, enjoy（喜欢）, imagine（想象）, practice（练习）, suggest（建议）, finish(完成), escape（逃脱）, excuse（原谅）, appreciate（感谢）, admit（承认）, prevent（阻止）, keep（保持）, dislike（不喜欢）, avoid（避免）, risk（冒险）, resist（抵挡）, consider（考虑） can’t help（忍不住）, feel like（喜欢）, succeed in（成功）, be fond of（喜爱）, object to（反对）, get down to（开始）, be engaged in（忙于）, insist on（坚持）, think of（考虑）, be proud of（骄傲）, take pride in（骄傲）, set about（开始）, be tired of（厌烦）, look forward to（期待）, devote oneself to（致力于）, be worth（值得）, be busy（忙于）, pay attention to（关注）, stick to（坚持）, adapt to（适应）, get/be used to(习惯), get/be accustomed to(习惯),get/be addicted to(上瘾) 两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue （接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） need, want, require, deserve, （接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式） 意义 相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 keep doing 保持做某事 keep from doing 阻止做某事 意义 不同 remember/forget/regret to do （指动作尚未发生） remember/forget/regret doing （指动作已经发生） go on to do （接着做另外一件事） go on doing （接着做同一件事） try to do （设法，努力去做，） try doing（试试做，） be tired of sth 厌烦做某事 be tired from 因做某事感到劳累 mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing（意思是，意味着） can’t help (to) do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） can’t help but do （只好做某事） 三 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别 类别 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句 现在分词 notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel（即：感官动词和使役动词） 主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio. 过去分词 动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态 We found the village greatly changed. 四 现在分词和过去分词的用法对比 分类 项目 现在分词 过去分词 例句 意义 表示主动意义 表示被动意义 1 I can hear him singing. 2 I can hear the song sung in English. 动作 所表示的动作一般在进行中 所表示的动作多已完成 China is a developing country while America is a developed one. 语义 意思为“令人…” 意思为“感到…” It is an exciting match, so we are excited. 五 特别提示 1. 关于分词 1) 现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。 I saw him walking across the road. (正在穿过马路) I saw him walk across the road. (看到全过程，过了马路) 2）及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的一般被动式(being done)都有被动意义，前者表示动作完成，后者表示动作在进行。 The picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(已经被订在墙上了) The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (正被订在墙上) 注意：不定式有表将来之意。 The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (将要被订在墙上) 3) 分词的独立主格结构：如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，需用一个独立结构(即保留分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个with/without引导的介词短语表达。 Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. His work finished, he prepared to go home. With his work finished, he prepared to go home. 2. 关于动名词 1）动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途，而现在分词表动作或状态、特征。 2）动名词的复合结构作宾语，动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。但作主语不行。Do you mind my/me/Tom smoking here? My/Tom’s smoking here annoyed him. 3）动名词作主语还可用于“There be no+动名词”结构和“布告形式的省略结构中。 There is no knowing what he will do next. 不知道他下一步会做什么。 No smoking. 禁止吸烟。 练习： I 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. 1) ___________ to the left, and you’ll see the bus stop. 2) ___________ to the left, you’ll see the bus stop. (turn) 2. 1) ___________ many times, he still couldn’t understand the question. 2) ___________ me the bad news, he went out of the room sadly. (tell) 3. 1) Nothing could make us _________ up the hope. 2) Crusoe made a candle __________ light. (give) 4. 1) I want __________ your bag. 2) Your eyes want ___________. 3) I want my eyes ________ this afternoon.(examine) 5. 1) What’s the way Smith thought of _________ enough money to buy the new house? 2) I’m thinking of _________ Tom to repair my bike. (get) 6. 1) We don’t allow _________ in the office because of the public health. 2) We don’t allow anyone _________ in the office because of the public health.(smoke) 7. 1) My little brother enjoys nothing but __________ to music. 2) My little brother does nothing all day but __________ to music. 3) My little brother had no choice but ____________ to me.( listen) 8. 1) The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself ______________ . (hear) 2) The teacher raised his voice in order to make his students ___________ what he said. 3) The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _______________ . 9. 1) The problem is worth __________________ again . 2) The problem is worthy _________________ again . 3) The problem is worthy of __________________ . (discuss) 10. 1) It passes right through their bodies , only ______ (get) a little thicker and sweeter . 2) He worked harder only ______ (fail) again . 11. 1) No one can stop us _______________ questions. 2) We stopped ____________ a schoolboy the way to the teachers’ office. (ask) 12. 1) _____________ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. 2)Nearly every great building in Beijing was built _____________ south. (face) 13. 1) The parents’ meeting ________________ next Saturday is very important. 2) The 29th Olympic Games _____________ in Beijing was a great success. 3) The parents’ meeting __________________ in our school now is important.(hold) 14. 1) ____________ this cake, you need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. 2) ________________ the cake, she got down to cooking some milk. 3) I lost my way in complete darkness and, _________________ matters worse, it began to rain. (make) 15. 1) The room is so dirty that I can’t help _____________________ it. 2) I’m too busy, so I can’t help _________________ the room. 3) The room is too dirty. I can’t help but ________________ it. (clean) 16. 1) I knew I would be busy today, so I had my paper _______________ last night. 2) I can’t go with you. I have some papers ________________. 3) Do you have any papers _____________________ , sir? (type) 17. 1) With many problems ________________ , the president will have a hard time. 2) With the problem _______________, he had a good sleep last night. 3) With the secretary _______ the problem, he is reading the newspaper leisurely in the office. (settle) 18. 1) “I ever saw him _____________ an old man of 500 yuan,” he said to the police. 2) He was seen ________________ an old man of 500 yuan in the street yesterday. 3) Unluckily, the policeman saw him _______________ an old man around the corner. (cheat) 19. The film was ________________ and all of us were very _________________ . (disappoint) 20. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks __________________ (open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. 练习二、 语法填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用括号中的词的适当形式填空 A study 1 (publish) in September suggests there is a 2 (surprise) way to get people 3 (avoid) unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers 4 (answer) some questions on their personalities and food experiences. “One week later,” Lotus says, “ 5 (feed) the people, we told them to type their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail. 6 (tell) that they had got sick after 7 (eat) strawberry ice-cream, the researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促成的) memory through 8 (lead) questions---Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those 9 (give) a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once make them sick, and many said they’d avoid 10 (eat) it. （2）单句填空： 用括号里的词的正确形式填空： 1. But Jane knew from past experience that her ______(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 2. He suddenly appeared in class one day, (wear) sun glasses. 3. She wished that he was as easy _________ （please）as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. 4. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man (sit) at the front. 5. Mary felt (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. 6. While she was getting me (settle) into a tiny but clean room, … 7. The sun was setting when my car (break) down near a remote and poor village. 8. Being too anxious to help an event develop often (result) in the contrary to our intention. 9. 1）Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or _ _ （push）you with their elbows（肘部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 2） People stepped on your feet or _ _ （push）you with their elbows（肘部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 3） People stepped on your feet , ______ （push）you with their elbows（肘部) or hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 10. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _ _ （inform）. 11. After a four-day journey, the young man ( present ) the water to the old man. 12. He (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 13. He walked in as if he (buy) the school. 14. One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen .Suddenly, he (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, ” 15. “In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always (think) that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we have ended up today.” 16. We _ ____（tell）that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, but for the week after. 17. She was ___ __（surprise）helpful. 18. We got a little_____（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind. 19. It took years of work________(reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 20. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is________(clean) than ever. 21. While there are __________(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the__________(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 22. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _____ (be) late for school. 23. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and ___ __(disappoint) . 24. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _______(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept _______(ride). 25. Then the driver stood up and asked,“_______ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” 26. It was raining lightly when I__ __(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. 27. A study of travelers_ __(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 28. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people_ __(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 29. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what ______ (leave). 30. While making great efforts to run away, she ______ (fall) over the hill and died. 第6讲 现在分词、过去分词、动名词答案 二、语法复习（-ing & -ed） 答案：I 1. Turn; Turning 2. Having been told/Told; Having told 3. give; to give 4.to examine; examining/to be examined; to be examined/examined 5. to get; getting 6. smoking; to smoke 7.listening; listen; to listen 8. heard; hear; to be heard 9. discussing; to be discussed; being discussed 10. getting; to fail 11. asking; to ask 12.Faced; facing13. to be held; held; being held 14. To make; Having made; to make 15. cleaning; (to) clean; clean 16. typed; to type; to be typed 17. to settle; settled; settling 18. cheat; to cheat; cheating 19. disappointing; disappointed 20. being opened and closed 答案：1. published 2. surprising 3. to avoid 4. to answer 5. having fed 6. Having been told 7. eating 8. leading 9. given 10. eating （2）单句填空： 用括号里的词的正确形式填空： 1. 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. choice 3. wearing 4. to please 5. sitting 6. pleased 7. settled 8. broke 9. results 10. 1）pushed 2) pushed 3)pushing 11. was informed 12. presented 13. was pretending 14. had bought 15. found 16. thinking 17. were told 18. surprisingly 19. sunburnt 20. to reduce 21. cleaner 22. amazing, changes 23. being 24. disappointed 25. to stop; riding 26. Did 27. arrived 28. conducted 29. living 30. was left 31. fell 32. to sell 33. built 34. using 35. goes 36. attraction 37. was allowed 38. permitted 39. introducing $$