第5讲 过去分词 导学案-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

第5讲 过去分词 Part I. 夯实语法 什么是过去分词？ 过去分词(表示和被动的动作) 是非谓语动词的一种形式，有形容词/副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语,宾语补足语和状语 【例】The gun stolen by the thief was found by the police. Most of the people invited to the meeting were famous scientists. Founded in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. 试试找出句中的过去分词，并分析它们在句中作什么成分？ 1.过去分词做定语 表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系 （单一的过去分词做定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词之后） 【例】 We spent two hours discussing the plan made by Jackie (= the plan which was made by Jackie). The students inspired (= The students who were inspired) worked harder than ever before. (1)表示情绪的过去分词作定语，翻译为“感到…的” She is annoyed under the pressure. I just watched a frightening movie. Jack is in a relaxed condition now. We are interested in football. (2) 表示完成的过去分词作定语： fallen leaves落叶 developed countries 发达国家 updated information 更新了的信息 boiled water 开水 defeated team 被打败的的团队 (3)过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后，作用相当于一个定语从句： Any medicine taken without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble. = Any medicine which is taken without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble. 【练习一】 单选题 1. What's the language________in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 2. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 3.What surprised me most was that there appeared a ____ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news. A. worrying B. worried C. worry D. worries 4. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 5. The computer center, _  last year, is very popular among the students in this school.   A. open  B. opening  C. having opened  D. opened 6. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt  7. Please don’t forget him. He is one of _ .  A. those invited  B. invited those   C. those inviting  D. inviting those  8.The picture ______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.        A. having hung      B. hanging      C. hangs     D.  hung  9. I borrowed a book _by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much. A. written B. writing C. was written D. to write 10. Do you know the name of the play  _ in the hall now? A. to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting on b. 把以下两个句子用过去分词连成一句话， 1. The machine works well. The machine was made by the trainees. ________________________________________________________________ 2. The phone has gained a worldwide popularity. The phone was developed by Chinese engineers. ________________________________________________________________ 3. The country has become a developed country. The country was founded in 1850. ________________________________________________________________ c.改错 1. Yesterday I went to the park. I happened to see a touched event. 2. When I am tiring, he makes me relaxing. 3. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returning to our shop for quality problems. d. 用动词的适当形式填空 1. You cannot accept an opinion (offer) to you unless it is based on facts. 2. The witness (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 3. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope (provide). 4. The math teacher seems (disappoint) with my performance. 5. Another attraction (find) in the Boston is the famous country music group. 6. The wheat is watered by water _____ (bring) from a pond. 7. The girl __________ (dress) in red is my daughter. 8. In fact, I won the prize in the English speech competition (hold) in our school last year. 2. 过去分词做状语 过去分词可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 (1)表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可用when,while等词 【例】 Asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.  Pushed too hard, a child may not listen to his or her parents. (2)表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句 【例】 Deeply touched by the movie, I watched it once again with great emotion and affection. Discourage by the final result, the man gave up his business. Cleaned by the hard-working mother, their house looked much tidy than before. (3)表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词 【例】 Compared with another team, we still have space to make progress. Offered some money, the poor people will live under better conditions. Given a push, an object will move forward and do work. (4)表让步，相当于一个让步状语从句, 有时过去分词前可用though although等词 【例】 Shocked by the bad news, he tried to calm himself down. (5)表方式或伴随动作 【例】Fastened with a safety belt, the driver is driving along the road. Fed by its mother, the dog sat beside its brothers and sisters. 注意： 1. 过去分词与句子主语之间的关系 (1) 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作 Interviewed by many reporters, he answered a lot of questions. 【高考题实践】 ____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. (2015重庆) A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise 【解析】分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 试比较： Seen by the police, the thief ran away. (thief与see之间是被动关系) Seeing the police, the thief ran away. ( thief与see之间是主谓关系) 此题中raise不是“升起”，而是“培养，抚养”，因此和he属于被动关系，答案选B 【高考题实践】 ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing 【解析】答案是C，absorbed意思为专注的，一心一意的。 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost in(沉迷于……)；dressed in(穿着)；absorbed（全神贯注的）。由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法，如frightened, terrified, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。例如：Terrified by the traffic accident, She didn’t feel well all day. 【练习二】 单项选择 1.Everything ___ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking 2. There are ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, _____ in all 20,000 people. A. seating B. seated C. sitting D. to seating 3. “If ,” he added, “ _____ enough time, I would certainly have done it better.” A. given B. giving C. to give D. was given 4. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all. A. When compared B. To compare C. While comparing D. It compared 5. ____ she can’t come, who will do the work? A. Supposed B. Supposing C. Having supposed D. Being supposed 6. If _____, I will go to the party tonight.  A. invite B. inviting C. to invite D. invited 7. ____ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out. A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. To taste 8.________more attention, the trees could have grown taller. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 9. Generally speaking,________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when being taken 10. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose b．用动词的适当形式填空 1.Children, when (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 2.Much time (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 3. (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. 4. (use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks. 5. (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. 6. (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different order. 7. ____ (leave) alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry. 8. ____ _ (determine) to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately. 9. When _______(expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous and anxious. 10. Film has a much shorter history, especially when________(compare) to such art forms as music and painting. 11. Time, ___________(use) correctly, is money in the bank. 12.______(ask) to work overtime that evening, I stayed up until the next morning. 13._______(Take) on time, this medicine will be quite effective. 翻译句子 1.布置了很多作业，孩子们觉得很担忧。 ________________________________________________________________ 2.推迟了一个礼拜，讲座将于明天举行。 ________________________________________________________________ 3. 由于计划不被接受，他们决定另外找公司进行投资。   ________________________________________________________________ 4. 如果没有受到尊重，我将不会继续为你服务。 ________________________________________________________________ 5. 被大雾笼罩(Blanket)，道路上出现了大塞车。 ________________________________________________________________ 过去分词做补语 及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是该过去分词动作的承受者 (1) 在have，get，make，leave，keep等使役动词后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 【例】The employees would have the machines checked every time after production. (2) 在see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find 等动词后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 【例】The plan is heard designed so well that we don’t have to make any changes. 【高考题实践】 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother (take) good care of at home. A. taken B. taking C. to take D. to be taken 【解析】答案选A，“taken good care of at home”在此句中是his mother的补语，根据句义，他妈妈是“被照顾”的，因此应选过去分词 _____ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself ____ at the party. A. Dressed; noticed B. Dressing; noticing C. Dressed; noticing D. Dressing; noticing 【解析】答案选A，前半句中，dressed的过去分词作状语时，不表被动而表主语的状态；后半句中，”noticed at the party” 是herself的补语，是被动关系，故用过去分词。 (3) 过去分词作宾语补足语时，句子的谓语动词通常还可以是表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like，order，want，wish，expect等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语(或过去分词前加to be)。 【例】All of us wish the problem solved as soon as possible. (4) “with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 【例】The task has been finished with the difficulties settled. 注意： 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语： (1) have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。 【例】The president had John come over for a second. (2) have somebody /something doing something -ing分词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行。 【例】The boss had the workers working until midnight. (3) have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况： ①主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。 【例】He had his hair cut yesterday. ②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。 【例】The boy had his eyes hurt by looking straight at the sun. 注意：感官动词和使役动词在用被动语态的时候要还原to He often made his sister cry. But this time, he was made to cry by his sister. 他经常让他妹妹哭，但是这次他被他妹妹弄哭啦。 【练习三】 a.单选 1. He must be angry, for we heard the glass ____ on the floor. A. being broken   B. break    C. to be break     D. broken 2.Tom, who asked the question, still stood with his hand ______. A. raised B. being raised C. risen D. rising 3. The players, _______ from the whole country, are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected 4.Claire had her luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.  A. check        B. checking   C. to check      D. checked  5. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _______ for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 6.He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket  of a passenger.   A. put   B. to be putting   C. to put   D. putting  7. He was disappointed to find his suggestions ____. A . been turned down B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn down 8.When I got back, I saw a message        to the door  “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.”    A. pin, read            B. pinning, reading    C. pinned, reading     D. pinned, read 9. With a lot of different problems ____, the  newly-elected president is having a hard time.     A. settled     B. settling    C. to settle   D. being settled  10. While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty. A. promote B. promoting C. promoted D. to promote b. 用动词的正确形式完成句子: 1.About a century years ago, a kind and imaginative minister came up with an idea to have a buoy（浮标） （fasten）to the rock.  2. The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop) after great effort. 3. The thief was brought in with his hands (tie) behind his back. 4. With many brightly-colored flowers (plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. 5. He raised his voice in order to make himself (understand). 6. I'm going to have my letters (post) tomorrow if I've got them ready by then. 7. With a lot of difficulties (overcome), they decided to have a good rest. 8. We can hear the windows (beat) by the heavy rain drops. 9. He found them (seat) at a table playing chess. 10. Every great culture has its own ideas of beauty (express) in art and literature. c. 句子改错 1. You must get the work doing before Friday, so I keep myself working on it every day. 2. They managed to make themselves understand in very simple English. 3. They kept the door locking for a long time. 4. I had my wallet steal on a bus last month.. 5. He felt himself to cheated. 6. When we got to school, we saw the door closing. 7. The boss wanted the problem discussed at once. 8. I wish the problem settle. 9. With everything arrange, he left the office. 10. Jane got her bad tooth pulling out at the dentist's. Part II：巩固篇章 请划出以下文章中含有过去分词句子，仔细阅读并翻译句子。 A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life. Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week. In fact, shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them recorded a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship. The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back. As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published. 第5讲 过去分词参考答案： PART I 练习一 a单选1-5 BBBCD 6-10 BABAB b连句 1. The machine made by the trainees works well. 2. The phone developed by Chinese engineers has gained a worldwide popularity. 3. The country founded in 1850 has become a developed country. c.改错 1. Yesterday I went to the park. I happened to see a touched event. touching 2. When I am tiring, he makes me relaxing. relaxed 3. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returning to our shop for quality problems. returned d.填空 1. offered 2. questioned 3. provided 4. disappointed 5. found 6. brought 7. dressed 8. held 练习二 单选 1-5 BAAAB 6-10DCABC 填空 1. accompanied 2. spent 3. founded 4. Used 5. Basing 6. Translated 7. Left 8. Determined 9. exposed 10. compared 11. used 12. asked 13. Taken c.翻译句子 Assigned a great amount of homework, the children felt worried. Delayed a week, the lecture will be held tomorrow. 3. Not accepted by the employer, they decided to find another company for the investment. 4. If not respected, I will not serve you any longer. 5. Blanketed by the heavy fog, the roads are in a traffic jam. 练习三 单选 1-5 DACDB 6-10DBCCC 填空 1.fastened 2. developed 3. tied 4. planted 5. understood 6. posted 7.overcome 8. beaten 9. seated 10. expressed c. 改错 1. You must get the work doing before Friday, so I keep myself working on it every. done 2. They managed to make themselves understand in very simple English. understood 3. They kept the door locking for a long time. locked 4. I had my wallet steal on a bus last month.. stolen 5. He felt himself to cheated. 6. When we got to school, we saw the door closing. closed 7. 无误不需改 8. I wish the problem settle. settled 9. With everything arrange, he left the office. arranged 10. Jane got her bad tooth pulling out at the dentist's. pulled PART II 篇章 In fact, shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them recorded a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship. 3. As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. 4.Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. 5.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published. 第 8 页 共 9 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$