第1讲 定语从句 导学案-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

第1讲 定语从句 教学目标 【一】 什么是定语从句？ 【二】关系代词和关系副词的选择？ 【三】介词加关系代词引导的定从； 【四】非限定从与限制性定从有什么区别？ Part I. 夯实语法 定语从句（I） 名词解释 a. 定语 漂亮的女孩 那个跟我爸握手的男人 定语的作用：修限 b. 定语从句 a beautiful girl　　此处 ______________________是定语 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 此处____________________是定语从句；____________________是先行词 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 (1) who 指人，作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)whom指人，做宾语，常可省略。 Mr. Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus. (3) Which 指物，做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (4)That 指人又指物。做主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 Where is the man that I saw this morning? (5) Whose 指人又指物，做定语,　后加名词。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.＝ The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 【随堂练习一】 a. 把以下两个句子连成一句话． 1. A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. 2. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. b. 填入正确的关系代词 1. I have finished reading all the books ______ were borrowed from the school library. 2. I have bought three ballpoint pens, none of ________ writes smoothly. 3. Do you still remember the book _______ we read together? c. 改错 1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two. 2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 3. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before. 2. 关系副词引导的定语从句 ⑴ when 指时间，作时间状语。  I still remember the day when I first came to this school. ⑵ where 指地点，作地点状语。 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 【随堂练习二】 1. Anyway, that evening, _____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. A. when B. where C. what D. which 2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _______he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when ⑶ why 指原因，作原因状语。  Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 3. 选关系代词还是选关系副词 关系代词 that　　　which who whom whose 关系副词 when where why 填关系代词or关系副词 1. I know a place _________ is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 2. I will never forget the days _________ we spent together. 规律一：如果先行词塞回定从中不需要加介词，选关系代词． 填关系代词or关系副词 1. I will never forget the days ________ we spent our holidays together. 2. I know a place ___________ we can have a picnic. 规律二：如果先行词塞回定从中需要加介词，选关系副词。 4. 定语从句中只能用that 引导的5种情况 (1) 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。 Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. (2) 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：  The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. (3) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：  This is the best film that I have ever seen. (4) 当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如： This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. (5) 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如： They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. 【随堂练习三】 1.　Nothing ______ can be done has been done. 2.　Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 3.　This is the best TV _______ is made in China. 4.　The first museum _______ he visited in China was the History Museum. 5. The famous writer and his works _____ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students. 6. A victim is a person, animal or thing ______ suffers pain, death, harm, etc. 【随堂练习四】 一、单项选择 1. The woman with ______ I shook hands is an engineer. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 2. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school． A. which B. that C. who D. whom 3. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs． A. that B. those C. which D. what 4. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last week． A. all which B. what all C. that all D. all 5. This is the biggest laboratory _____ we have ever built in our school． A. which B. what C. where D. / 6. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____ family was poor． A. that B. which C. who’s D. whose 7. That scientist _____ work is successful has been made a model worker． A. which B. who C. who’s D. whose 8. It’s the third time _____ late this month． A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C.that you’ve arrived D.when you’ve arrived 9. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker． A. who B. what C. which D. whom 10. Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before. A. who B. that C. which D. whose 11. The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play. A. when B. in that  C. which D. in which 12. The computer can keep a record of the date ______ the passengers will travel. A. why B. when C. where D. which 13. What’s the name of the village ______ you saw the old doctor? A. where B. that C. why D. when 14. What’s the name of the village _____ you visited last summer? A. where B. when C. why D. that 二、关系代词或关系副词填空: 1. The school __________ I am working is not far. 2. We’ll put off the meeting till next week, __________ we won’t be so busy. 3. This is the best book __________ I have been looking for all this year. 4. Those __________ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands. 5. This is the school __________ Mr. Smith once taught. 6. Do you still remember the day __________ we first met? 7. October 1, 1949 is the day __________ we’ll never forget. 8.Football，__________ is a very interesting game，is played all over the world. 9. She lives in a small village, __________ is only three miles from here. 10. The sun gives the earth light and heat, __________ is very important to the living things. 11. On the wall hung a picture, __________ color is blue. 12. He was often late, __________ made his teacher very angry. 三．翻译句子 1．正站在我们教室前面的那位女士是我们的英语老师。 2．在西方国家人人都喜欢牛奶做成的奶酪。 3．她出生的那个村庄很美。 4．借走我自行车的那个人叫Paul。 5．那是一个女人只能呆在家里的时代。 【三】介词加关系代词引导的定从 名词解释 a.“介词 + which / whom”引导的定语从句 定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如： The man who / whom / that you spoke to is a teacher. = The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. b. 基本原则 1. “介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which (物)和whom (人)，即：介词+which / whom。 (1). 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，关系代词不能省略。 The little girl is reading a book, in which there are many cartoons. (2). 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(物)，that/whom/who(人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。 The city she lives in is far away. 此句省略了____________。 This is the hero we are proud of. 此句省略了____________。 c. 具体形式及其句法功能 (1). “介词 + which”在关系分句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。 ① I still remember the day on which (= ______ ) I first came to school. ② The factory in which (= ______ ) I work is a large one. ③ This is the reason for which (= ______ )he was put in prison. (2). “介词+ which（指物）/ whom（指人）”在关系分句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，关系分句主谓常须倒装。 ① They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. ② I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. (3). “不定代词或数词+ of + which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。 ① Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. ② It is likely to be just the name of a company, part of which may be a general location. (4). “介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作目的、方式或地点状语。如： ① Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat? ② The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer. (5). “介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”用于被动结构的关系分句中，作状语，说明动作的执行者。 ① The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。 ② The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. 打死狼的那人是一个好猎手。 (6). “名词+ of which”代替“whose +名词”在关系分句中作定语。 ① I saw some trees, the leaves of which (= _______ ) were black with disease. ② He mentioned a book,____________(= whose title) I’ve forgotten. (7). “介词+ which（指物）/whose（指人）”修饰后边的名词。 ① I called him by the wrong name, ______________I apologized. 我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意 ② The driver was the man ________________she had stolen the maps. 司机就是那个男人，她从他的房间偷走地图。 (8). “介词+ which +不定式”。此种用法多见于正文体中，相当于一个带有主语和谓语的定语从句。 She had only 1.87 with which to buy (= she could buy) Jim, her husband, a present.。 d. “介词+ 关系代词”中的介词的确定方法：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重） (1) 一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。 I never forget the day on which I came to this school.(on the day) (2) 二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。 This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan.(spend money on sth.) (3) 三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。 This is my pair of glasses, __without which_I cannot see clearly. e. 特别提示 如果含有介词的动词短语不能拆开，则不能转化成“介词+关系代词”结构，介词仍然放在动词的后面。常见的这类动词有：listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of, look into, break into, get rid of, take part in , make use of, take/catch hold of, catch up with, get along with, look forward to…… The babies whom the nurses are taking care of are very healthy. 【随堂练习一】 a. 完成句子 Let’s go to the main teaching building, _________________stands the school library. (back) 我们到主教学楼去吧，在它后面就是学校图书馆。 I was given three books on cooking, __________________. (like) 有人给了我三本有关烹饪的书，我最喜欢第一本。 In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____________________.(turn) 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她能求助的人。 There is a great deal of oxygen around us, ___________________________. (live) 我们周围有大量的氧气，没有氧气我们就不能生存。 Learning strategies, to ____________ importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. (attach) 学习策略还没有引起同学们的足够重视，这一点老师们认为非常重要。 b. 单项选择 1. He was educated at the local high school, _________ he went on to Beijing University. A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that 2. Care of the soul is a gradual process _________ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 3. Recently I bought a beautiful car, _________ was reasonable. A. of which price B. the price of whose C. the price of which D. which price 4. As a coach, he knows clearly about the direction _________his team should develop A. to which B. in which C. on which D. for which 非限定从与限制性定从的区别 a. 形式不同 限定性定语从句主句和从句之间无逗号；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。 b. 功能不同 限定性定语从句如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如： People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)。 c. 含义不同 比较下面的两个句子，回答每句各有几个姐姐？ I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。 I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。 d. 先行词不同 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如： He changed his mind, which made me very angry. (which指代________________) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为 ______________ 要用非限制性定语从句修饰) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为 ________________ 要用非限制性定语从句修饰) e. 关系词不同 关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。 定语从句总结 1.定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句为定语从句，如： The novels that were written by Lu Xun were not easy to understand. 2. 定语从句的构成要素 （1）先行词： （2）关系词： （3）从 句： 3.定语从句的关系词 that which （1）关系代词 who whom whose as when （2）关系副词 where why 4. 关系词的句法功能： （1）关系代词在定语从句中作______________，关系副词在定语从句中作_______________，关系代词作宾语时可以省略； （2）关系副词在定语从句中作______________。 5. 定语从句解题方法 找准先行词，将先行词带入定语从句，使定语从句成为一个完整的句子，再分析从句的句子成分。若从句缺主语或宾语选用_____________________，若从句却状语，选用_____________________。 6. 总复习 1 The weather was very sunny the following day, ______ was what we had expected. 2 The man about _______ you told me the other day turned out to be a thief. 3 I have finished reading all the books ______ were borrowed from the school library. 4 I have bought three ballpoint pens, none of ________ writes smoothly. 5 Is this the second time _______ you have been to Guangzhou? 6 I cannot forget the time _______ I stayed in the country with those farmers. 7 _______is reported in the newspaper, the war between the two countries has come to a stop. 8 Lu Xun, _______ real name is Zhou Shuren, wrote lots of novels and essays. 9 Can you think of another example _______ this phrase can be used? 10 This is the store ______ my father runs. 11 The train on ________ he is traveling is late. 12 I visited Hong Kong last month, ______ live my uncles and aunts. 13 Do you still remember the happy days _______ we spent together in Beijing? 14 Don’t talk about such things _____ you are not sure about. 15 I have bought the same skirt _______ she is wearing. 16 He came out top in the exam, ______ made his family very happy. 17 Is this the reason ______ he is late again? 18 I don’t think the reason ______ he explained at the meeting was reasonable. 19 Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone _____ family was very poor. 20 Can you think of other ways _______ we can solve this problem? 21 I, ______ am your best friend, will help you out. 22 I attended the meeting last month, _______ lots of people talked about that topic. 23 The day will come ________ the people all over the world will win liberation. 24 On my birthday I got a watch from my uncle, _______ was made in Japan. 25 The students are talking about the strange people and stories _______ they met in the adventure. 26 This is Mr. Smith, ______ I think has something interesting to tell you. 27 He is the very man in ________ pocket I found my lost money. 28 _______was usual, he arrived at school just before class began. 29 I have a picture by a famous painter _______ sent to me for my birthday. 30. Shenzhen is not the city _______ it used to be twenty years ago. 第1讲定语从句答案 Part I. 夯实语法 定语从句（I） １.　关系代词引导的定语从句 ［随堂练习一］ A plane is a machine that can fly. The girl who we saw yesterday is Mary. 1. that; 2. which; 3. that 改错 1.把many of them 改为 many of whom 2.把which 改为 whose 3.把it 删掉 2. 关系副词引导的定语从句 a. A b. B 3.选关系代词还是选关系副词 1. that/ which; 2. that/which 规律一： 关系代词 2. when where 4. 定语从句中只能用that 引导的5种情况 ［随堂练习三］ 1－6 都用that ［随堂练习四］ 一．单项选择 1-5 BBADD 6-10 DDCAD 11-14 ABAD 二、关系代词或关系副词填空: 1. where 2. when 3. that 4. who 5. where 6. when 7. which 8. which 9. which 10. which 11. whose 12. which 三．翻译句子 1. The lady who is standing in front of our classroom is our English teacher. 2. In western countries everyone likes the cheese which is made of milk. 3. The village where she was born is very beautiful. 4. The man who borrowed my bicycle is called Pau. 5. That was a time when women could stay at home. 【随堂练习一】 a. 完成句子 1. at the back of which 2. the first of which I like most 3. to whom she could turn for help 4. without which we couldn’t live 5. which teachers attach great b. 单项选择1-4 ADCA 总复习 1 which 2 whom 3 that 4 which 5 that 6 when 7 As 8 whose 9 where 10 that/which 11 which 12 where 13 that/which 14 as 15 as 16 which 17 why 18 that/which 19 whose 20 in which/that 21 who 22 where 23 when 24 which 25 that 26 who 27 whose 28 As 29 that/which 30 that 第 8 页 共 9 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$