查漏知识 专题10 简单句和主谓一致(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)-2025年中考英语冲刺抢押秘籍(全国通用)

2025-04-18
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 基本句型,主谓一致
使用场景 中考复习-三轮冲刺
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 603 KB
发布时间 2025-04-18
更新时间 2025-04-18
作者 Love英语
品牌系列 上好课·冲刺讲练测
审核时间 2025-04-18
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价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

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专题10 简单句和主谓一致(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错) 1.(2024·西藏·中考真题)He ________ have breakfast because he woke up late this morning. A.does B.did C.doesn’t D.didn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意:他没有吃早饭,因为他今天早上起晚了。 考查动词时态。根据“woke”可知,此句是一般过去时,句中有实义动词have,结合“woke up late”可知,起晚了所以没有吃早餐,所以用助动词didn’t。故选D。 2.(2024·四川·中考真题)—________ did Mike say when you told him about the party? —He said he would be happy to come. A.How B.When C.Why D.What 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你告诉迈克聚会的事时,他说了什么?——他说他很乐意来。 考查特殊疑问句。how如何;when什么时候;why为什么;what什么。根据“...did Mike say”可知是指他说了什么,疑问词用what。故选D。 3.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—Excuse me. ________ can I get the car if I order it today? —In a month. A.How soon B.How long C.How much D.How often 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——打扰一下。如果我今天订购这辆车,我多久能收到?——一个月后。 考查特殊疑问句。How soon多久以后;How long多长时间;How much多少;How often多久一次。根据“In a month.”可知,对将来的一段时间提问,应用how soon。故选A。 4.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)— ________ is your English-Chinese dictionary? —98 yuan. I bought it in Xinhua Bookstore. A.How much B.How many C.How old 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你的英汉词典多少钱?——98元。我在新华书店买的。 考查特殊疑问句。How much多少钱/多少(后跟不可数名词);How many多少(后跟可数名词复数);How old多少岁。根据“98 yuan.”可知,此处询问价格。故选A。 5.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—Do you like listening to music or playing chess? —________. It makes me relaxed. A.Yes, I like listening to music B.No, I don’t like playing chess C.Listening to music 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你喜欢听音乐还是下棋?——听音乐。它让我感到放松。 考查选择疑问句。根据“Do you like listening to music or playing chess?”可知,此句是选择疑问句,回答要具体回答,应回答喜欢听音乐或者下棋,选项C符合,故选C。 6.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—________ do you walk your dog every day, Bob? —For about half an hour. A.How much B.How long C.How often D.How many 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——鲍勃,你每天遛狗多久?——大约半个小时。考查特殊疑问句。how much多少钱;how long多长时间;how often多久一次;how many多少。根据“For about half an hour.”可知此处询问时间段,疑问词用how long。故选B。 7.(2024·西藏·中考真题)They are good at drawing, but ________ painting is the best? A.whose B.whom C.what D.who 【答案】A 【详解】句意:他们擅长画画,但谁的画最好?考查特殊疑问句。whose谁的,表示所有格;whom谁,宾格,指代人;what什么,指代物;who谁,主格,指代人。根据“painting is the best?”可知,空处是指谁的画,需要用表示所有格的疑问词whose,表示“谁的”。故选A。 8.(2024·西藏·中考真题)— Can you cut tomatoes into thin pieces? — ________. Let me show you. A.Yes, I can B.No, I can’t C.Yes, I do D.No, I don’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你能把西红柿切成薄片吗?——是的,我可以。我展示给你看。考查情景交际。以can引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, I can,否定回答为No, I can’t。根据“Let me show you.”可知,此处应是肯定回答,故选A。 9.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)“Li Ming, ________ your homework first, and you can watch TV for 30 minutes.” said his mum. A.does B.did C.do 【答案】C 【详解】句意:“李明,先完成作业,然后你可以看30分钟电视”,他的妈妈说。考查祈使句。根据“...your homework first, and you can watch TV for 30 minutes”可知,此处应是句式“祈使句+and+陈述句”,句中的祈使句应以动词原形开头。故选C。 10.(2024·四川成都·中考真题)Go bird-watching in Qinglong Lake, ________ you will find it fun and meaningful. A.and B.or C.but 【答案】A 【详解】句意:去青龙湖观鸟,你会发现它的乐趣和意义。考查连词辨析。and和;or或者;but但是。分析句子可知,此处是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句式。去观鸟,会发现乐趣和意义,前后意思表示一致,应用and连接。故选A。 11.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—________ fresh air it is in Qingcheng Mountain! —Yes. Because there are a lot of trees. A.How B.What C.How a D.What a 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——青城山的空气是多么的清新啊!——是的。因为有很多树。考查感叹句。此句中强调的中心词是不可数名词air,所以用感叹句结构:What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他。故选B。 12.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ amazing magic show I saw yesterday! A.How B.What C.What an D.What a 【答案】C 【详解】句意:昨天我看了一场多么精彩的魔术表演啊! 考查感叹句的用法。此句中心词是可数名词单数show,形容词amazing是元音音素开头,an符合句意,用what引导,句型为“what+a/an+adj+名词+主谓”。故选C。 13.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—_______ fine weather! It’s a good match for going on a picnic. —Exactly. I simply can’t wait! A.How B.What C.How a D.What a 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——多好的天气啊!这很适合去野餐。 ​——确实不错。我简直等不及了! 考查感叹句。根据“fine weather”可知,中心词weather是不可数名词,结合what+adj.+不可数名词+(主谓)可知,what符合句式结构,故选B。 14.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)________ helpful the speech is! It tells us to use the Internet safely. A.What B.What a C.How D.What an 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这演讲真有帮助!它告诉我们要安全地使用互联网。 考查感叹句。句子是感叹句,中心词是形容词helpful,用感叹句结构:how adj.+主谓。故选C。 15.(2024·云南·中考真题)________ meaningful day! We volunteered to clean up our city park. A.How B.What C.What a D.What an 【答案】C 【详解】句意:多么有意义的一天啊!我们自愿打扫我们的城市公园。 考查感叹句。中心词day是可数名词的单数形式,用what引导的感叹句结构:what+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主谓,meaningful是以辅音音素开头的,冠词用a,故选C。 16.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—Hi, guys! Our team won the first place in the table tennis match. —________ exciting news it is! We are so happy about it. A.What B.How C.What an D.How an 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——嗨,伙计们!我们队在乒乓球比赛中获得第一名。——多么令人兴奋的消息啊!我们很高兴。考查感叹句。本句强调的中心词是不可数名词news,此处是“What+adj+不可数名词+主谓”句型,故选A。 17.(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)—Tom will have a birthday party next Sunday. Do you want to go? —If you go, ________. A.so I will B.so will I C.neither will I 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——汤姆下星期天将有一个生日聚会。你想去吗?——如果你去,我也去。 考查部分倒装。根据“If you go, ...”可知,此处表示后者情况与前者一致,用“So+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”,故选B。 18.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best? —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan. A.are B.is C.were D.was 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——这本书中有许多中国古诗。你最喜欢哪一个?——王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》。 考查主谓一致和时态。此处表示客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是名词复数,be动词用are。故选A。 19.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book. A.is B.are C.was 【答案】A 【详解】句意:看!在这本书上有一些关于交通规则的信息。 考查be动词。此句是There be句型,主语是information,不可数名词,be动词用单数,描述事实,用一般现在时。故选A。 20.(2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country. A.are B.is C.was 【答案】B 【详解】句意:当你到国外旅游时,有礼貌是必要的。 考查主谓一致。本句时态是一般现在时,主语是动名词短语,be动词用is。故选B。 21.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age. A.has; is B.eats; are C.eat; is 【答案】C 【详解】句意:在中国,许多过生日的人会用蜡烛吃蛋糕。蜡烛的数量是这个人的年龄。 考查主谓一致。a number of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词也用复数,素以第一空用eat;The number of +名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,所以第二空用is。故选C。 22.(2023·四川内江·中考真题)Jim’s father bought him a schoolbag on his birthday. A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.主语 【答案】C 【详解】句意:吉姆的爸爸在他生日那天给他买了一个书包。 考查句子成分。buy sb sth“给某人买某物”,人作间接宾语,物作直接宾语。故选C。 23.(2023·上海·中考真题)—________ fine day today! Why not go hiking?    —Good idea! A.What an B.How C.What a D.What 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——今天天气真好!为什么不去徒步旅行呢?——好主意! 考查感叹句。根据“…fine day today!”可知,中心词是day,为可数名词,此句应用what引导感叹句,其结构为“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”。故选C。 24.(2023·四川雅安·中考真题)—Look at Panda YaYa! ________ happy she is! —Yes. There is enough fresh bamboo for her to eat now. A.What B.What a C.How a D.How 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——看熊猫丫丫!她是多么幸福啊!——是的。现在有足够的新鲜竹子供她吃。 考查感叹句。本句强调的中心词是形容词happy,用“How+adj+主谓!”句型,故选D。 25.(2023·上海·中考真题)Let’s hurry up, ________ we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety. A.or B.so C.and D.but 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们要赶紧了,不然我们参加关于消防安全的演讲就要迟到了。 考查从属连词辨析。or否则,不然;so因此;and并且;but但是。根据“Let’s hurry up”和“we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety”可知,要赶紧,不然就会迟到,用or连接。故选A。 1.简单句的基本句型 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 ①英语五种基本句型列式如下: 基本句型一: S+V(主+谓) 基本句型二: S+V+P(主+系+表) 基本句型三: S+V+O(主+谓+宾) 基本句型四: S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 基本句型五: S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:S+V(主+谓) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如: 1. Time flies. 2. The moon rose. 3. The man cooked. 基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表) 此句型句子的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分两类: (1)表示状态的系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain等。 (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。 1. This is an English dictionary. 2. The lunch smells good. 基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾) 此句型句子的共同特点:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词(词组)叫做及物动词(词组)。 1. We planted trees. 2. She laughs at her. 基本句型四:S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 此句型句子的共同特点:谓语动词后可以跟有两个宾语。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面,直接宾语在后面。 注意:有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时,间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。 ★间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有:give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand, play等。 ★间接宾语前加介词for的动词有: buy, choose, get, make, order, sing, do, save等。 1. He gave me a book/a book to me. 2. Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 3. He’s warned me of the danger. (特殊例子——直宾前加介词,只有这一种形式,不能对调) 基本句型五:S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 此句型句子的共同特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 1. We keep the table clean. 2. Bill ordered him to leave. ②There be句型的结构及用法 结构:“There be+主语(人或物)+地点/时间状语”,表示“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”。 用法:遵循就近原则。be动词必须和邻近主语在数上保持一致,即就近原则。如: There is a pen and some books on the desk.  There are some books and a pen on the desk. 2.陈述句 ①定义:陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人观点或看法的句子。读时一般用降调,句末用句号。 ②句式 肯定句 主语+be动词+其他 Lily is an American girl. Lily是个美国女孩。 主语+实义动词+其他 His parents teach math in this school.他父母在这所学校教数学。 主语+情态动词+实义动词+其他 She can speak a little English.她会讲一点英语。 否定句 主语+be动词+not+其他 We were not at home last night.我们昨晚不在家。 主语+助动词+not+实义动词+其他 We didn't have an umbrella so we were wet and cold.我们没有带雨伞所以我们被雨淋得又湿又冷。 主语+情态动词+not+实义动词+其他 Because of the bad weather, we couldn't see anvthing below the hill.由于糟糕的天气,我们完全看不到山下的任何东西。 3.疑问句 疑问句一般分三种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。 ①一般疑问句 (1)Be+主语+其他?→Is Mr. Wang an English teacher? (2)情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?→Can we bring music players to school? (3)助动词+主语+动词原形/现在分词/过去分词+其他?→Do you have a ping-pong bat? ②特殊疑问句 结构:特殊疑问词(组)+一般疑问句? 特殊疑 问词 who问身份;which问特定的人或物;what问事物、抽象概念、职业或身份;whose问所属;when问时间;why问原因;where问地点及位置 特殊疑 问词组 how long 多长(时间);how often 多久一次(频率);how soon 多久以后(对in+一段时间提问);how many多少(可数名词数量);how much多少(不可数名词数量或价格);how far多远(距离);how old 多大(年龄);what size 多大(尺寸);what time什么时间(时间点) ③选择疑问句 (1)一般疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如: -Is he tall or short? -He isn’t tall or short. He is of medium height. (2)特殊疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如: -Which season do you like better,summer or winter? -I like winter better. 4.祈使句   祈使句用于表示命令、建议、请求或劝告等。通常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。其具体结构如下: 类型 肯定结构及例句 否定结构及例句 Do型 动词原形+其他:Open the door. Don’t +动词原形+其他:Don’t stand up! Be型 Be+表语:Be quiet! Don’t+be+表语:Don’t be late for class! Let型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Let’s have another try. Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Don’t let the boy draw here. Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他:Let’s not wait outside the gate. Never型 —— Never+动词原形:Never leave today’s work till tomorrow. No型 —— No+名词/动名词:No parking! 【拓展】 1.Let’s开头的祈使句,其答语通常为“Good idea./OK.”等。其他祈使句的答语通常用一般将来时。否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry/No, I won’t (do it again).”等。如: -Let’s go to the park. -Good idea. -Please remember to bring my notebook to school. -OK, I will. 2.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句(表结果)”结构,可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。 如: Work harder, and you will find it not difficult to learn.=If you work harder, you will find it not difficult to learn. 再努力些,你就会发现学习并不难。 5.感叹句   感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用what或how引导。 类别 结构 例句 what引导 What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What a kind girl ( she is )! (她是)一个多么善良的女孩啊! What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What beautiful flowers ( they are)! 多么漂亮的花! What bad weather ( it is )! 多么糟糕的天气! how引导 How + 主语 + 谓语! How time flies! 时间飞逝! How + 形容词/副词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! How brave ( the hero is )!(这个英雄)真勇敢! How slowly he walks! 他走得多慢啊! How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! How clever ( a boy he is )! (他是)一个多么聪明的男孩啊! 【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句: 1.凡是以a/an开头的,多用what; 2.凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,traffic等; 3.其他一般用how。 口诀助记:感叹句要记牢,句子主谓先划掉,再来确定what/how;再在形容词后找,若有名词用what,没有名词用how。 5.There be句型 ①There be句型的结构及用法 结构:“There be+主语(人或物)+地点/时间状语”,表示“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”。 用法:遵循就近原则。be动词必须和邻近主语在数上保持一致,即就近原则。如: There is a pen and some books on the desk.  There are some books and a pen on the desk. ②There be句型的不同句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句式 There be+主语+地点/时间状语 There is some water in the glass. 否定句式 There be+not/no+主语+地点/时间状语 There isn’t any water in the glass. 一般疑问句 Be+there+主语+地点/时间状语? Is there any water in the glass? 特殊疑问句 对主语提问,主语是人用who,主语是物用what。无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,提问时一般都用be的单数形式。结构为What/Who+be+地点/时间状语?如:Who is in the room? 对地点提问,用Where+be+主语?如:Where is the computer? 对数量提问,用How much/How many+主语+be+there+地点/时间状语?如:How much water is there in the glass? ③常见含There be的句型 There is a lot to see/to do/to finish. ④There be 句型和have的区别 (1)There be句型表示“存在”,强调“有某人/物”,不表示所属关系。如: There is a science lab next to the library. 图书馆旁边有一个科学实验室。 There are more than two ways to solve this math problem. 这道数学题有两种以上的解法。 (2)have表示所属关系,强调“某人/物拥有……”。如: Uncle Sam has a big restaurant on the corner of the street. 萨姆叔叔在这条街的街角有一家大餐馆。 7.主谓一致 主谓一致三原则为:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。(课标要求三级+,仅作理解) 1.语法一致原则(主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数) 谓语动词 用单数 谓语动词用复数 2.意义一致原则(不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数) ①集体名词(family, team, class, group, public)等作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语所表达的概念: 如果表整体,用单数;如果指集体中的成员,用复数。如: Class Two is a good class. 二班是一个好班。 Class Two are watching the football game. 二班的学生在观看足球比赛。 ②集体名词(people, police)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The police are running after the thief. ③the+姓氏名词复数(表一家人或一对夫妇)或the+形容词(表一类人)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如: The sick need to be looked after. The Greens enjoy working in China. ④表示重量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等词或短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: More than three weeks has passed since we came here. ⑤more than one/many a+名词单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: More than one student agrees on the plan. 3.就近一致原则 由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在数上保持一致。如: Not only Jim but also his parents are coming. Neither you nor I am going there. 找谓语,定主语,定主干,去枝叶;找连词,定逻辑。依托所掌握的句子成分和句子种类,抽丝剥茧,简化复杂的句式为简单句,然后依据词义和词性进行理解即可。 1.主谓一致主要考查判断句子的主语及主语的单复数形式,从句作主语及定语从句中的主谓一致也会涉及。 主谓一致常和时态、语态、倒装、主语从句、定语从句一起考查,以及与判断名词的可数与不可数相结合考查。 2.主谓一致中and, as well as, together with 等连接并列成分,不定代词、非谓语动词、从句作主语等常考查。 3.主谓一致的就近一致原则和“分数/百分数/the only one/the majority/ all/the rest of 等+名词"作主语时主谓一致的情况也是考查的热点。 【特殊情况】 1.主语后面跟介词(或介词短语)如with, together with, as well as, along with, besides, like, but, except, including, rather than等时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的数。如: The woman with two children is her aunt. All the students except Li Hua have seen the film. The teacher as well as some of the students was given a chance to go abroad last year. My mother, together with her friends, has been to Shanghai. 2.a lot of/lots of/the rest of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。如: Lots of money is needed for the project. 3.名词前有量词(pair/kind/piece等)修饰时,谓语动词的数与量词的数一致。如: This pair of trousers is a little expensive. Three kinds of cake are provided. 试卷第1页,共3页 1 / 8 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题10 简单句和主谓一致(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错) 1.(2024·西藏·中考真题)He ________ have breakfast because he woke up late this morning. A.does B.did C.doesn’t D.didn’t 2.(2024·四川·中考真题)—________ did Mike say when you told him about the party? —He said he would be happy to come. A.How B.When C.Why D.What 3.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—Excuse me. ________ can I get the car if I order it today? —In a month. A.How soon B.How long C.How much D.How often 4.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)— ________ is your English-Chinese dictionary? —98 yuan. I bought it in Xinhua Bookstore. A.How much B.How many C.How old 5.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—Do you like listening to music or playing chess? —________. It makes me relaxed. A.Yes, I like listening to music B.No, I don’t like playing chess C.Listening to music 6.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—________ do you walk your dog every day, Bob? —For about half an hour. A.How much B.How long C.How often D.How many 7.(2024·西藏·中考真题)They are good at drawing, but ________ painting is the best? A.whose B.whom C.what D.who 8.(2024·西藏·中考真题)— Can you cut tomatoes into thin pieces? — ________. Let me show you. A.Yes, I can B.No, I can’t C.Yes, I do D.No, I don’t 9.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)“Li Ming, ________ your homework first, and you can watch TV for 30 minutes.” said his mum. A.does B.did C.do 10.(2024·四川成都·中考真题)Go bird-watching in Qinglong Lake, ________ you will find it fun and meaningful. A.and B.or C.but 11.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—________ fresh air it is in Qingcheng Mountain! —Yes. Because there are a lot of trees. A.How B.What C.How a D.What a 12.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ amazing magic show I saw yesterday! A.How B.What C.What an D.What a 13.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—_______ fine weather! It’s a good match for going on a picnic. —Exactly. I simply can’t wait! A.How B.What C.How a D.What a 14.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)________ helpful the speech is! It tells us to use the Internet safely. A.What B.What a C.How D.What an 15.(2024·云南·中考真题)________ meaningful day! We volunteered to clean up our city park. A.How B.What C.What a D.What an 16.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—Hi, guys! Our team won the first place in the table tennis match. —________ exciting news it is! We are so happy about it. A.What B.How C.What an D.How an 17.(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)—Tom will have a birthday party next Sunday. Do you want to go? —If you go, ________. A.so I will B.so will I C.neither will I 18.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best? —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan. A.are B.is C.were D.was 19.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book. A.is B.are C.was 20.(2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country. A.are B.is C.was 21.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age. A.has; is B.eats; are C.eat; is 22.(2023·四川内江·中考真题)Jim’s father bought him a schoolbag on his birthday. A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.主语 23.(2023·上海·中考真题)—________ fine day today! Why not go hiking?    —Good idea! A.What an B.How C.What a D.What 24.(2023·四川雅安·中考真题)—Look at Panda YaYa! ________ happy she is! —Yes. There is enough fresh bamboo for her to eat now. A.What B.What a C.How a D.How 25.(2023·上海·中考真题)Let’s hurry up, ________ we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety. A.or B.so C.and D.but 1.简单句的基本句型 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 ①英语五种基本句型列式如下: 基本句型一: S+V(主+谓) 基本句型二: S+V+P(主+系+表) 基本句型三: S+V+O(主+谓+宾) 基本句型四: S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 基本句型五: S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:S+V(主+谓) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如: 1. Time flies. 2. The moon rose. 3. The man cooked. 基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表) 此句型句子的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分两类: (1)表示状态的系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain等。 (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。 1. This is an English dictionary. 2. The lunch smells good. 基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾) 此句型句子的共同特点:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词(词组)叫做及物动词(词组)。 1. We planted trees. 2. She laughs at her. 基本句型四:S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 此句型句子的共同特点:谓语动词后可以跟有两个宾语。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面,直接宾语在后面。 注意:有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时,间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。 ★间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有:give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand, play等。 ★间接宾语前加介词for的动词有: buy, choose, get, make, order, sing, do, save等。 1. He gave me a book/a book to me. 2. Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 3. He’s warned me of the danger. (特殊例子——直宾前加介词,只有这一种形式,不能对调) 基本句型五:S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 此句型句子的共同特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 1. We keep the table clean. 2. Bill ordered him to leave. ②There be句型的结构及用法 结构:“There be+主语(人或物)+地点/时间状语”,表示“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”。 用法:遵循就近原则。be动词必须和邻近主语在数上保持一致,即就近原则。如: There is a pen and some books on the desk.  There are some books and a pen on the desk. 2.陈述句 ①定义:陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人观点或看法的句子。读时一般用降调,句末用句号。 ②句式 肯定句 主语+be动词+其他 Lily is an American girl. Lily是个美国女孩。 主语+实义动词+其他 His parents teach math in this school.他父母在这所学校教数学。 主语+情态动词+实义动词+其他 She can speak a little English.她会讲一点英语。 否定句 主语+be动词+not+其他 We were not at home last night.我们昨晚不在家。 主语+助动词+not+实义动词+其他 We didn't have an umbrella so we were wet and cold.我们没有带雨伞所以我们被雨淋得又湿又冷。 主语+情态动词+not+实义动词+其他 Because of the bad weather, we couldn't see anvthing below the hill.由于糟糕的天气,我们完全看不到山下的任何东西。 3.疑问句 疑问句一般分三种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。 ①一般疑问句 (1)Be+主语+其他?→Is Mr. Wang an English teacher? (2)情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?→Can we bring music players to school? (3)助动词+主语+动词原形/现在分词/过去分词+其他?→Do you have a ping-pong bat? ②特殊疑问句 结构:特殊疑问词(组)+一般疑问句? 特殊疑 问词 who问身份;which问特定的人或物;what问事物、抽象概念、职业或身份;whose问所属;when问时间;why问原因;where问地点及位置 特殊疑 问词组 how long 多长(时间);how often 多久一次(频率);how soon 多久以后(对in+一段时间提问);how many多少(可数名词数量);how much多少(不可数名词数量或价格);how far多远(距离);how old 多大(年龄);what size 多大(尺寸);what time什么时间(时间点) ③选择疑问句 (1)一般疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如: -Is he tall or short? -He isn’t tall or short. He is of medium height. (2)特殊疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如: -Which season do you like better,summer or winter? -I like winter better. 4.祈使句   祈使句用于表示命令、建议、请求或劝告等。通常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。其具体结构如下: 类型 肯定结构及例句 否定结构及例句 Do型 动词原形+其他:Open the door. Don’t +动词原形+其他:Don’t stand up! Be型 Be+表语:Be quiet! Don’t+be+表语:Don’t be late for class! Let型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Let’s have another try. Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Don’t let the boy draw here. Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他:Let’s not wait outside the gate. Never型 —— Never+动词原形:Never leave today’s work till tomorrow. No型 —— No+名词/动名词:No parking! 【拓展】 1.Let’s开头的祈使句,其答语通常为“Good idea./OK.”等。其他祈使句的答语通常用一般将来时。否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry/No, I won’t (do it again).”等。如: -Let’s go to the park. -Good idea. -Please remember to bring my notebook to school. -OK, I will. 2.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句(表结果)”结构,可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。 如: Work harder, and you will find it not difficult to learn.=If you work harder, you will find it not difficult to learn. 再努力些,你就会发现学习并不难。 5.感叹句   感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用what或how引导。 类别 结构 例句 what引导 What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What a kind girl ( she is )! (她是)一个多么善良的女孩啊! What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What beautiful flowers ( they are)! 多么漂亮的花! What bad weather ( it is )! 多么糟糕的天气! how引导 How + 主语 + 谓语! How time flies! 时间飞逝! How + 形容词/副词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! How brave ( the hero is )!(这个英雄)真勇敢! How slowly he walks! 他走得多慢啊! How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! How clever ( a boy he is )! (他是)一个多么聪明的男孩啊! 【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句: 1.凡是以a/an开头的,多用what; 2.凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,traffic等; 3.其他一般用how。 口诀助记:感叹句要记牢,句子主谓先划掉,再来确定what/how;再在形容词后找,若有名词用what,没有名词用how。 5.There be句型 ①There be句型的结构及用法 结构:“There be+主语(人或物)+地点/时间状语”,表示“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”。 用法:遵循就近原则。be动词必须和邻近主语在数上保持一致,即就近原则。如: There is a pen and some books on the desk.  There are some books and a pen on the desk. ②There be句型的不同句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句式 There be+主语+地点/时间状语 There is some water in the glass. 否定句式 There be+not/no+主语+地点/时间状语 There isn’t any water in the glass. 一般疑问句 Be+there+主语+地点/时间状语? Is there any water in the glass? 特殊疑问句 对主语提问,主语是人用who,主语是物用what。无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,提问时一般都用be的单数形式。结构为What/Who+be+地点/时间状语?如:Who is in the room? 对地点提问,用Where+be+主语?如:Where is the computer? 对数量提问,用How much/How many+主语+be+there+地点/时间状语?如:How much water is there in the glass? ③常见含There be的句型 There is a lot to see/to do/to finish. ④There be 句型和have的区别 (1)There be句型表示“存在”,强调“有某人/物”,不表示所属关系。如: There is a science lab next to the library. 图书馆旁边有一个科学实验室。 There are more than two ways to solve this math problem. 这道数学题有两种以上的解法。 (2)have表示所属关系,强调“某人/物拥有……”。如: Uncle Sam has a big restaurant on the corner of the street. 萨姆叔叔在这条街的街角有一家大餐馆。 7.主谓一致 主谓一致三原则为:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。(课标要求三级+,仅作理解) 1.语法一致原则(主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数) 谓语动词 用单数 谓语动词用复数 2.意义一致原则(不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数) ①集体名词(family, team, class, group, public)等作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语所表达的概念: 如果表整体,用单数;如果指集体中的成员,用复数。如: Class Two is a good class. 二班是一个好班。 Class Two are watching the football game. 二班的学生在观看足球比赛。 ②集体名词(people, police)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The police are running after the thief. ③the+姓氏名词复数(表一家人或一对夫妇)或the+形容词(表一类人)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如: The sick need to be looked after. The Greens enjoy working in China. ④表示重量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等词或短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: More than three weeks has passed since we came here. ⑤more than one/many a+名词单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: More than one student agrees on the plan. 3.就近一致原则 由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在数上保持一致。如: Not only Jim but also his parents are coming. Neither you nor I am going there. 找谓语,定主语,定主干,去枝叶;找连词,定逻辑。依托所掌握的句子成分和句子种类,抽丝剥茧,简化复杂的句式为简单句,然后依据词义和词性进行理解即可。 1.主谓一致主要考查判断句子的主语及主语的单复数形式,从句作主语及定语从句中的主谓一致也会涉及。 主谓一致常和时态、语态、倒装、主语从句、定语从句一起考查,以及与判断名词的可数与不可数相结合考查。 2.主谓一致中and, as well as, together with 等连接并列成分,不定代词、非谓语动词、从句作主语等常考查。 3.主谓一致的就近一致原则和“分数/百分数/the only one/the majority/ all/the rest of 等+名词"作主语时主谓一致的情况也是考查的热点。 【特殊情况】 1.主语后面跟介词(或介词短语)如with, together with, as well as, along with, besides, like, but, except, including, rather than等时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的数。如: The woman with two children is her aunt. All the students except Li Hua have seen the film. The teacher as well as some of the students was given a chance to go abroad last year. My mother, together with her friends, has been to Shanghai. 2.a lot of/lots of/the rest of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。如: Lots of money is needed for the project. 3.名词前有量词(pair/kind/piece等)修饰时,谓语动词的数与量词的数一致。如: This pair of trousers is a little expensive. Three kinds of cake are provided. 试卷第1页,共3页 1 / 8 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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查漏知识 专题10 简单句和主谓一致(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)-2025年中考英语冲刺抢押秘籍(全国通用)
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