专题08 说明文阅读-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语一模试题分类汇编（湖南专用）

专题08 说明文阅读 （一） （2025年岳阳市一模） C Scientists have long known that plants react to their environment in all sorts of ways. For example, they grow toward sunlight and release chemicals to fight off insects that want to eat them. Not all scientists are comfortable calling those abilities “awareness,” a word many people use to describe only humans and animals. But for Gagliano, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Western Australia, it’s obvious. “Plants are responding to the environment and the information that the environment is providing them,” she says. “That’s awareness.” The challenge for scientists like her is to prove it. So Gagliano created an experiment. She attached potted mimosa (含羞草) plants to a metal rail and dropped them, letting them quickly slide down six inches. At first, all the mimosa plants closed their leaves when they fell. But once Gagliano had dropped them several times, they got used to it and started to keep their leaves open during the fall. Then Gagliano left the mimosa plants alone for almost a month. When she came back and dropped them again, they still didn’t close their leaves. Gagliano’s work showed mimosa plants could not only learn from past experiences, but they could also remember them for a long time. More recently, Gagliano gave pea plants a chance to shine. Plants make their food out of sunlight, so they grow toward light sources. Every time Gagliano shined a light source at her pea plants, she also pointed a fan at them. The breeze came from the same direction as the light. After three days of training, she took away the light source and just pointed a fan at the plants. Sure enough, most of the pea plants grew toward the breeze. They had learned to associate it with light. “That was pretty amazing. It shows a real choice, a real decision,” she says. Gagliano hopes her experiments will inspire other scientists to give plants more credit. “Humans have a tendency to look at our perspective as the only available one, and the only worthwhile one,” she says. Her experiments help reveal how much we humans have overlooked, just because we didn’t know how to see what plants were really up to. 8. Which of the following can be regarded as “awareness” of plants according to Gagliano? A. Plants eat insects for food. B. Plants’ leaves produce oxygen. C. Plants’ roots grow toward water source. D. Plants release chemicals to attract insects. 9. Why did Gagliano drop the mimosa plants several times in her first experiment? A. To help them to grow better. B. To test whether they have memories. C. To see if they can close their leaves. D. To create a challenging environment for them. 10. What can be concluded about pea plants from paragraph 3? A. They shine with sunlight. B. They are sensitive to changes. C. They grow towards breeze naturally. D. They respond to the environment well. 11. What does Gagliano mean in the last paragraph? A. Plant behaviors are too complex to understand. B. Plants should be treated like humans and animals. C. Plants may have more potential than humans thought. D. Humans have a unique perspective in the study of plants. （二） （2025年岳阳市一模） D Recently, researchers have used a machine-learning algorithm (算法) to recognize the seemingly mysterious facial expressions of laboratory mice. The work could have implications for locating neurons (神经元) in the human brain that encode particular expressions. Their study “is an important first step” in understanding some of the mysterious aspects of emotions and how they present in the brain, says neuroscientist David Anderson at the California Institute of Technology. Neuroscientist Nadine Gogolla, who led the study, took inspiration from a 2014 paper that Anderson wrote with his workmate Ralph Adolphs. In the study, they theorized ‘brain states’ such as emotions should exhibit particular characteristics — they should be persistent, for example, enduring for some time after the stimulus that aroused them has disappeared. And they should vary with the strength of the stimulus. Gogolla’s team fixed the heads of mice to keep them still, then provided different sensory stimuli intended to trigger particular emotions, and filmed the animals’ faces. They knew a mouse can change its expression by moving its ears, cheeks, nose and the upper parts of its eyes, but couldn’t reliably assign the expressions to particular emotions. So they broke down the videos of facial-muscle movements into ultra-short snapshots as the animals responded to the different stimuli. Machine-learning algorithms recognized distinct expressions, which correlated with the aroused emotional states, such as pleasure, disgust or fear. The facial expressions had the characteristics that Anderson and Adolphs had proposed. The scientists then searched for brain cells that might encode these emotions in the brain. Using optogenetics (光遗传学) they targeted individual neuronal circuits in mice that have been shown to trigger particular emotions in humans and other animals. When the authors directly stimulated these circuits, the mice assumed the relevant facial expressions. Finally, the team used a technique called two-photon calcium imaging to identify individual neurons in the mouse brain that fired only when particular emotions, and particular facial expressions, were aroused. “They may represent part of a coding for emotions in the brain,” says Gogolla. “We think encoding for emotion may be evolutionary conserved, and so the encoding in humans and mice may share some common features.” 12. What does the study focus on according to paragraph 1? A. Testing the machine-learning algorithm. B. Uncovering the secret of mice’s expressions. C. Encoding particular expressions of human beings. D. Identifying certain neurons related to expressions. 13. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Giving examples of the study methods. B. Displaying details of the research process. C. Making reference to the study background. D. Listing characteristics of the research findings. 14. How did Gogolla’s team distinguish mice’s expressions? A. By using different sensory stimuli. B. By filming mice’s facial-muscle movements. C. By employing optogenetics targeting neuron circuits. D. By categorizing their pictures with machine-learning algorithm. 15. What might be the significance of the study according to the text? A. It decodes the process of emotional evolution. B. It offers insights into emotional encoding in human. C. It has fully revealed the mystery of mice’s emotions. D. It discovers the similarities between human and mice. （三） （2025年师大附中一模） C From Beijing, more than 400 kilometers away, all the way up north, the temperature gradually drops. With the emergence of fire prevention warnings, Saihanba (塞罕坝), known as a “miracle on earth”, begins to come into view. In October, the cold wind blowing from Siberia has dyed (染色) Saihanba golden. In Mongolian, Saihanba means beautiful high mountains. However, Saihanba was a desert of “yellow sand covering the sky and flying birds without inhabiting trees” 62 years ago. Whenever the north wind blows, the windy sand located in Inner Mongolia will drive southward, reaching Beijing and Tianjin. After more than half a century of forest plantation, people who have come to Saihanba can hardly imagine the arid (干旱) scene. Occasionally, a gust of wind passes by, and they would just sigh and shout how strong the wind is, but they would not feel sandblasted (喷砂). On Oct 9, watchmen Liu Jun and Wang Juan were observing the surrounding forest area on a watchtower in Saihanba Forest Farm in Hebei province. Liu is in charge of the observation and Wang keeps recording. “Spring and autumn are the critical fire prevention periods for our forest farm. We need to stay here for three months, have three meals a day, work and live in the building,” says Liu Jun, who has been engaged in observation for 13 years. Simple as it looks, the job is quite the burden on their shoulders. Only by enjoying loneliness can they keep this forest safe and sound. Saihanba today is not only a “green Great Wall” for windbreak and sand fixation (固化), but also a timber (林木) source. Many people would doubt why the trees that have grown up here are to be cut down in a planned way. Liu explains that most of the trees here are planted forest, and the forest species are relatively single, unlike natural forests that can adapt on their own and survive the fittest. The selective cutting of plantation forests is more like thinning when farmers plant crops. Only in this way can the nutrient area be expanded and diseased plants also be removed to ensure the healthy development of the forest areas. 28. What can be learned about Saihanba from the first three paragraphs? A. It is suffering from a cold wind. B. Its desertification is under control. C. It is weathering a sandstorm. D. Its climate is beyond expectation. 29. Which of the following best describes the watchmen? A. Bored but attentive. B. Simple but responsible. C. Tired but engaged. D. Lonely but committed. 30 What does the underlined word “thinning” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Making something more beautiful and attractive. B. Making something stronger and healthier. C. Making something less thick or dense. D. Making something more valuable and useful. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Golden Miracle B. The Sand Wasteland C. The Timber Farm D. The Green Guardian （四） （2025年师大附中一模） D In the UK, there are about 12 million people suffering with hearing loss, and approximately 6.7 million could benefit from hearing aids. However, only about 2 million people use them. People with hearing loss may feel hearing aids are meant only for older people. They can feel a sense of embarrassment, ageing and lack of confidence when wearing them. Besides, some people have no confidence in hearing aids and believe they will not help, or will even make their hearing worse. Individuals sometimes believe they will be dependent on their hearing aids, thus choosing not to use them out of desire for independence. Therefore, people with hearing loss may turn to coping mechanisms such as excessively(过度地)turning the volume up on their TVs. In the UK, patients with hearing loss can obtain hearing aids free of charge through National Health Service(NHS). However, the choice of style, manufacturer and level of technology may be limited and can also involve lengthy waiting lists. There are a greater number of hearing aid options available in the private sector but these can sometimes be expensive, which can be a prohibitive factor for individuals. There are some negative perspectives about hearing aids, such as the appearance. Many people have the idea that hearing aids are huge and noticeable. However, there are many different types of hearing aids such as invisible ones in ear canals. The hearing aid selection is discussed with each individual at their hearing assessment, and the correct hearing aids are selected according to their level of hearing loss. There have been other advancements in technology such as rechargeable hearing aids. There is now wireless connectivity in many hearing aids, which enables hearing aids to be connected to mobile devices, tablets and televisions, allowing direct audio streaming into hearing aids. Undoubtedly, wearing hearing aids is very beneficial for well-being, allowing individuals to interact with others and hear better. All of the advancements in technology in the future mean the functionality and comfort of hearing aids will greatly increase, considerably improving the quality of life for more people with hearing loss. 32. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. What people with hearing loss should do. B. How older people respond to hearing aids. C. Why some people avoid using hearing aids. D. Whether hearing aids will affect independence. 33. Which of the following may prevent people getting hearing aids from NHS? A. The cost can be higher. B. Patients may have to wait for long. C. Many people have no access to the related policy. D. Some private sectors get hearing aids in advance. 34. What is mainly considered during the hearing aid selection process? A. The cost of the hearing aids. B. The individual’s personal preference. C. The individual’s specific hearing loss. D. The appearance of the hearing aids. 35. What can we expect of the hearing aids in the future? A. They will be connected to more devices. B. They will be made smaller and more fashionable. C. They will enable users to interact more with others. D. They will provide high-quality and better service for users. （五） （2025年雅礼中学一模） B Black Myth: Wukong is one of the most highly anticipated Chinese video games ever, a premium title with a blockbuster- worthy budget that emphasizes the country’s push to become a global cultural power. The game’s release is a landmark moment for China’s gaming industry. It is considered China’s first “AAA” title, a big- budget, global game with sophisticated gameplay and advanced visuals. Within hours of its release, there were more than 1.5million people playing it on Steam, making it the No.1 game on the online platform. Black Myth: Wuhong is adapted from the16th- century Chinese classic novel Journey to the West. The game’s main character is inspired by Sun Wukong, also known as the Monkey King, who battles opponents with a magic iron bar. China’s video game industry is dominated by titles played on smartphones, not big- budget console (主机游戏) or PC games that are released globally. However, Black Myth: Wukong marks a shift as it is being initially released on Sony’s PlayStation 5 and personal computers. In recent years, the industry in China has faced significant challenges. The government has implemented strict regulations to control gaming due to concerns that children could become addicted and negatively influenced. For example, Beijing has introduced rules that prohibit young people from playing games online on school days and impose strict time limits on gaming during weekends and holidays. But the game’s launch lit up national pride. One Chinese media outlet noted that the game’s default language is Chinese and added, “It feels so good.” The global interest in the game also highlighted China’s push to exercise its “soft power.” The novel that it is based on is considered one of China’s four great classics. The game also depicts important cultural landmarks throughout China. “The success of Black Myth: Wukong is not only a victory for the gaming industry, but also an important milestone in the overseas expansion of Chinese culture,” Yangcheng Evening News, a state- owned newspaper, wrote in an article. 24. What do we know about Black Myth: Wukong? A. It focuses on basic gameplay elements. B. It shifts China’s gaming towards consoles. C. It features a world born of pure imagination. D. It acts as a landmark for adapting Chinese myth. 25. What challenge has China’s gaming industry faced recently? A. Insufficient budget for game development. B. Increasing popularity of smartphone games. C. China’s lack of emphasis on cultural soft power. D. Government measures to restrict youth gaming time. 26. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The game targets Western audience with its cultural themes. B. The game is a big step in showing Chinese culture worldwide. C. The game’s success is a way to boost China’s economic growth. D. The game strengthens national pride by highlighting Chinese culture. 27. What can be the best title of the text? A. Black Myth: Wukong as a Cultural Ambassador B. The Impact of Gaming Industry on China’s Youth C. The Impact of Gaming Industry on Chinese Culture D. Black Myth: Wukong’s Influence on Game Mechanics （六） （2025年雅礼中学一模） D Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a role in our life. When it comes to playing games like chess, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of humans. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. We are blessed with a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life — to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball — we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people's minds. In psychology, the ability to infer another’s mental state is referred to as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity develops at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Besides, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think. But we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 32. According to the passage,which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A. When asked where an object is, a naughty kid points in the wrong direction. B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework, he answers “my dog ate it”. C. When you are treated with a hotpot for dinner, you reply “a sore throat”. D. When a mom tells her kid milk is good for health, the kid drinks it up. 33. Which statement will the author agree with most about theory of mind? A. Humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect. B. Humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent. C. AI’s theory of mind development has been totally decoded. D. Shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI. 34. What is the author’s attitude toward truly self-aware machines? A. Ambiguous. B. Conservative. C. Skeptical. D. Approving. 35. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI’s Theory of Mind Will Define Our Future B. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected C. AI’s Theory of Mind — a Blessing or Suffering to Humans D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI （七） （2025年长沙第一中学一模） C The Sahara Desert is unsurprisingly seen as a wasteland. But actually there is a variety of life forms, according to André Vicente Liz, a doctoral candidate at the University of Porto in Portugal, who led a study exploring Saharan animal species. In the desert, cold-blooded creatures grow well because their body temperatures adjust to the temperature of their surroundings as they move from intense sunlight into cool underground holes. Liz has observed many small lizard (蜥蜴) species along with snakes, beetles, ants, and even frogs. Besides them, antelopes, camels, cheetahs and desert foxes are just some of the warm-blooded animals that can survive in the Sahara. But what leads to the vast biodiversity of the Sahara? One factor is the big changes in the desert’s climate. About 6,000 years ago, there was abundant rainfall in certain areas of the Sahara. Grasslands and lakes made ideal living places for animals and humans. Due to climate changes, the grasslands changed to a desert later, which made it impossible for humans to exist there. However, many animals still survived there. Another one is its diverse landscapes. There are some areas, such as rock pools known as “gueltas”, where biodiversity is especially high because they act as shelter for species that have to flee from their habitats due to a sudden, intolerable change in weather. In the face of climate change, Liz and his colleagues are studying “gueltas” closely to find out what makes them good spots for survival. “These areas are known as gathering places for biodiversity and are especially interesting for conservation planning in the current context of climate emergency, where they can play a key role in supporting various species,” Liz said. Deserts may seem lifeless, but in fact many species have developed special ways to survive in the tough environments. 28. What did Liz find about the Sahara Desert? A. It is home to diverse creatures. B. It has rows of underground holes. C. It is experiencing a great change in climate. D. It has a longer history than previously thought. 29. Why can “gueltas” act as shelter? A. They are abundant in life forms. B. They are usually near animals’ habitats. C. They are less affected by climate change. D. They are rock pools with high biodiversity. 30. What does André Vicente Liz probably think of studying “gueltas”? A. Boring. B. Meaningful. C. Challenging. D. Creative. 31. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? A. ①-②③-④⑤ B. ①②③-④⑤ C. ①-②-③④-⑤ D. ①②-③④⑤ （八） （2025年长沙第一中学一模） D Have you ever worried that you might smell bad? Well, you do have a smell, but not in the way you think. The human body releases hundreds of chemical compounds into the air every day, and these compounds reveal much more than just our health habits; they can also indicate our health situations. In 1971, chemist Linus Pauling identified 250 different gaseous chemicals in our breath, known as VOCs. These VOCs originate from the body’s metabolic (新陈代谢) processes and are excreted (排泄) through skin glands. While sweat contributes to these VOCs, it only accounts for a small portion of them. VOCs can reveal a lot about our health. For example, a sweet-smelling breath could be a sign of diabetes. Besides breath, VOCs are also released from our skin, and feces (粪便). A notable case involved Joy Milne, who noticed a change in her husband’s smell 12 years before he was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Known as “the woman who can smell Parkinson’s,” Joy has been using her keen sense of smell to help scientists develop a simple swab (拭子) test to diagnose the illnesses. Animals with advanced sense of smell, like dogs, have demonstrated they can detect various types of cancer in humans. Although these smells are often undetectable to the human nose, they provide evidence that our bodies emit different smells when something is wrong. The relationship between VOCs and our health is still being studied. Studies have already shown that they can predict a person’s age within a few years based on their skin VOC profile. In one interview, Professor Morin stated, “We are at a relatively early stage in this research area, but we have already distinguished males from females based on the acidity of skin VOCs. We believe skin VOCs can reveal aspects of who we are, such as nutrition, health and stress. These signatures likely contain markers that can be used to diagnose disease.” So, who knows — maybe one day we will be able to detect diseases simply by breathing into a device. 32. What do we know about the VOCs according to the text? A. Skin VOCs reveal more about our health conditions. B. The VOCs mostly come from sweat. C. VOCs only released from our skin can indicate health status. D. Our body’s metabolic processes are the source of VOCs. 33. Why does the author mention animals in Paragraph 4? A. To show the amazing wisdom of animals. B. To stress we must depend on pets more to detect cancer. C. To explain VOCs have the capability to cure cancers. D. To highlight VOCs’ potential as diagnostic markers. 34. What future technology might arise from the understanding of VOCs? A. Equipment that can analyze VOCs to diagnose diseases. B. Devices that can breathe out disease-causing VOCs. C. Advanced facilities that can use VOCs to cure diseases. D. Personalized perfumes that can mask disease-related VOCs. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Morin’s Contributions to VOCs B. The Function of Sweat in Our Health C. Detecting Diseases Through Body Smells D. Body Smell Resulting in Diseases （九） （2025年长郡中学一模） C Chinese scientists have created starch (淀粉), a type of complex carbohydrate found in plants, using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity. Experts say if such technique can be scaled-up (大规模) to the level of industrialization, it may revolutionize how this key nutrient and industrial ingredient is made, since it does not require farming and processing a large quantity of starchy crops such as sweet potatoes and corn, thus saving more water, fertilizer, and arable land. It may also be used to recycle carbon dioxide into a consumable product. This will help reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change, especially if the electricity used is from renewable sources like solar and wind. In space exploration it may provide a sustainable food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space and try to colonize other planets where growing food is impossible. Future space travelers may simply turn the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food they eat. Ma Yanhe, the director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, says starch and other complex carbohydrates make up 60 to 80 percent of the human diet. “Our breakthrough demonstrates that creating a complex compound like starch is achievable in a lab, and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology,” he says. Plants create carbohydrates like starch through photosynthesis (光合作用), which is an extremely complex process, says Ma, adding that it will take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into starch. Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, says for six years, his team has been focusing on a single project: how to make starch, but do it at a higher speed. He says their method involves first converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas into methanol (甲醇). Scientists then piece these single-carbon molecules like a puzzle into bigger and more complex molecules via enzymatic (酶的) processes. With the help of supercomputing Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch making process from about 60 into 11 steps and produced starch. Thellab-made starch is chemically identical to starch in nature. 28. Which is NOT a potential benefit if the technique can be used on an industrial level? A. It will have a positive influence on climate change. B. It will help produce renewable resources such as solar and wind. C. It will offer a practical food solution for astronauts. D. It will help save several sources from water to farming land. 29. Which might be the biggest difficulty in creating the lab-made starch? A. Making starch faster. B. Collecting enough raw materials. C. Repeating the photosynthesis of plants. D. Involving methanol in the making process. 30. What’s the best title for the passage? A. Starch, an important complex carbohydrate. B. The great benefits of starch. C. Chinese scientists successfully turn carbon dioxide into starch. D. Chinese scientists make contributions to climate change. 31. In which part of a newspaper could you most probably read the text? A. Science. B. Lifestyle. C. Environment. D. Health. （十） （2025年长郡中学一模） D Debate about artificial intelligence (AI) tends to focus on its potential dangers: algorithmic bias (算法偏见) and discrimination, the mass destruction of jobs and even, some say, the extinction of humanity. However, others are focusing on the potential rewards. Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbocharge scientific progress and lead to a golden age of discovery. Could they be right? Such claims are worth examining, and may provide a useful counterbalance to fears about large-scale unemployment and killer robots. Many previous technologies have, of course, been falsely hailed as panaceas (万灵药). But the mechanism by which AI will supposedly solve the world’s problems has a stronger historical basis. In the 17th century microscopes and telescopes opened up new vistas of discovery and encouraged researchers to favor their own observations over the received wisdom of antiquity (古代), while the introduction of scientific journals gave them new ways to share and publicize their findings. Then, starting in the late 19th century, the establishment of research laboratories, which brought together ideas, people and materials on an industrial scale, gave rise to further innovations. From the mid-20th century, computers in turn enabled new forms of science based on simulation and modelling. All this is to be welcomed. But the journal and the laboratory went further still: they altered scientific practice itself and unlocked more powerful means of making discoveries, by allowing people and ideas to mingle in new ways and on a larger scale. AI, too, has the potential to set off such a transformation. Two areas in particular look promising. The first is “literature-based discovery” (LBD), which involves analyzing existing scientific literature, using ChatGPT-style language analysis, to look for new hypotheses, connections or ideas that humans may have missed. The second area is “robot scientists”. These are robotic systems that use AI to form new hypotheses, based on analysis of existing data and literature, and then test those hypotheses by performing hundreds or thousands of experiments, in fields including systems biology and materials science. Unlike human scientists, robots are less attached to previous results, less driven by bias—and, crucially, easy to replicate. They could scale up experimental research, develop unexpected theories and explore avenues that human investigators might not have considered. The idea is therefore feasible. But the main barrier is sociological: it can happen only if human scientists are willing and able to use such tools. Governments could help by pressing for greater use of common standards to allow AI systems to exchange and interpret laboratory results and other data. They could also fund more research into the integration of AI smarts with laboratory robotics, and into forms of AI beyond those being pursued in the private sector. Less fashionable forms of AI, such as model-based machine learning, may be better suited to scientific tasks such as forming hypotheses. 32. Regarding Demis and Yann’s viewpoint, the author is likely to be ______. A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful 33. What can we learn from the passage? A. LBD focuses on testing the reliability of ever-made hypotheses. B. Resistance to AI prevents the transformation of scientific practice. C. Robot scientists form hypotheses without considering previous studies. D. Both journals and labs need adjustments in promoting scientific findings. 34. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Official standards have facilitated the exchange of data. B Performing scientific tasks relies on government funding. C. Less popular AI forms might be worth paying attention to. D. The application of AI in public sector hasn’t been launched. 35. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Transforming Science. How Can AI Help? B. Making Breakthroughs. What Is AI’s Strength? C. Reshaping History. How May AI Develop Further? D. Redefining Discovery. How Can AI Overcome Its Weakness? （十一） （2025年永州一模） C The Oceans in Depth series from the University of Chicago Press aims to place “the ocean at the center of our narratives (叙述) about the past.” Wilko Graf von Hardenberg’s new book on the history of sea level, Sea Level: A History, is no different. In it, von Hardenberg, a historian of the environment and science, describes the pursuit of a standardized definition of sea level through the history of geology, oceanography, hydrography and coastal engineering. What emerges is a slim volume that raises big questions about the nature of global science in the modern age. The book is divided into two major sections. The first three chapters tell the history of debates surrounding the development of a standardized mean sea level. These take the reader from early German mathematical theories of sea level subsidence (下沉) through the debates about geological and oceanographic processes. In the next section, von Hardenberg shows how the development of standard ideas of sea level became a basis for scientific and public debates about the history and future of shifting coastlines. The final chapter brings the discussion into the present, with a chapter devoted to current debates about sea level. One of the most interesting clues in the book is related to technology. The making of an international mean required the standardization of measurement technologies. According to the author,“ the history of the assessment of sea level is part of a broader development toward the reform and unification of reference points and metrics.” This history includes tracing (追溯) instrumentation from barometry (气压测定法) to tide gauges (测量仪器) and satellites. Technology is not replaced, reveals von Hardenberg. New methods develop, built upon the infrastructure of older technologies still being used. For instance, the first self-registering (自动记录的) tidal gauge was equipped at the Sheerness, England, dockyard in 1831, and up to a third of all gauging stations throughout Europe still used simple scaled gauges in 1890. Sea Level is a powerful reminder that examining the history of scientific values can shed light on both the structure of modern science and its impact on the near future. This book is well written, and informative without using any unnecessary words and it is a strong example of what ocean history has to offer. 8. Why does the author mention the Oceans in Depth series in Paragraph 1? A. To define sea level. B. To introduce the topic. C. To give examples of ocean history. D. To compare the contents of the books. 9. What is presented in the first section of the book ? A. The future of shifting coastlines. B. The influence of sea level subsidence. C. The basis for scientific and public debates. D. The debates about geological and oceanographic processes. 10. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The highlight of the book. B. The progress of technology. C The application of old technology. D. The background of writing the book. 11. What does the author of the passage like about Sea Level? A. Its humorous tone. B. Its brief language. C. Its writing structure. D. Its traditional perspective. （十二） （2025年永州一模） D Recent discoveries published in Science Advances have revealed a native plant gene that enables researchers to more effortlessly control the attractive glow of bioluminescent (生物发光的) plants. This gene, which varies across different plant species, allows for the redirection of living energy into organic light, offering a natural source of lighting for homes, gardens, and beyond. The study received support from Light Bio, a pioneer in the development of bioluminescent plants, which is dedicated to promoting greater connection and enjoyment of plants through the delightful appeal of living light. The latest research builds upon earlier findings. Prior approaches for creating bioluminescent plants involved including five genes obtained from fungi (菌类). In the new findings, a single gene native to plants can effectively replace two of the fungal genes. The plant gene’s smaller size and simpler biological requirements enhance its functionality for diverse applications. The smaller gene plays a vital role, acting as a bridge between plant metabolism (新陈代谢) and light production. This connection allows the plant’s inner dynamics to be translated into a constantly changing view of natural light. Bioluminescent plants have gained huge popularity among the public. Light Bio recently began taking orders for a bioluminescent petunia (矮牵牛花) under the brand Firefly TM Petunia, which is selling fast. The company selected the petunia as its first offering due to its popularity as a decorative plant. It recently announced that their plants glow up to 100 times brighter than previously possible, with the petunia standing out as the brightest. Known for their ease of being planted and flowering, petunias make an ideal choice for this innovative enhancement. In partnership with Ginkgo Bioworks, Light Bio envisions future plants to be at least ten times brighter, with an expanded range of varieties and colors. Beyond the sheer delight these glowing plants provide, the foundational science offers great insights into plant molecular physiology (分子生理学). The cooperative teams are confident that discoveries from this research will lead to significant progress in essential fields such as crop development and disease resistance. 12. What is the function of the gene native to plants? A. It makes an artificial source available. B. It redirects living energy into colorful light. C. It remains unchanged across different plant species. D. It helps keep the glow of bioluminescent under control. 13. What can be known from paragraph 2? A. A gene native to plants is equal to a fungal gene. B. Present approaches include five genes from fungi. C. Light Bio takes the lead in the study of tree plants. D. Early findings lay a foundation for the latest research. 14. What contributes to the petunia’s being selected as the first offering? A. Its inadequate brightness. B. Its easily being grown. C. Its function of decoration. D. Its creative way of flowering. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Native Genes Make Glowing Plants B. Glowing Plants Gain More Popularity C. New Advances Help Grow Glowing Plants D. Discoveries Promote Progress in Essential Fields （十三） （2025年娄底一模） B A University of Exeter PhD student has used artificial intelligence to throw new light on the behaviour of bees. Daniel Chalk developed the computer model to understand the potential for bees to crosspollinate (异花传粉) between GM (转基因的) and non-GM crops. The first of its kind in the world, the study focuses on the foraging (觅食) behaviour of bees over a large area. It suggests that the potential for bees to affect crops through crosspollination is very limited. There has been concern over cross-pollination from GM crops and because there is very little evidence of how bees move between fields, policy-makers have not been able to properly address the issue. A PhD student in the School of Biosciences and School of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Daniel hopes his research will help shape future policies around GM crops in the UK and Europe. He also believes his model could help with bee conservation, which is becoming an increasingly important issue because of bee decline. We now have a good understanding of the ways in which bees move between plants but researching the movement of bees between fields has proved very difficult. This is the first study to successfully simulate (模拟) the foraging behaviour of bees across a large area. Daniel Chalk said: “By creating a kind of ‘virtual bee’, I have been able to show for the first time how bees move over large areas, across and between fields. My research has shown that bees are very efficient foragers and so will travel long distances only if they really need to.” He continued: “While the purpose of this study was to look at the potential for crosspollination from GM crops, the findings may also help with the massive bee conservation effort now underway. The model I use can help identify areas that promote bee activity.” Daniel calls his model HARVEST, which is based on the principle that bees learn from trial and error and quickly learn which areas are worth returning to and which are not. 24. What is Daniel’s study mainly about? A. The conservation of bees in large areas. B. The potential for bees to pollinate plants. C. The movement of bees between plants. D. The movement of bees across a large area. 25. Why does Daniel call the bees a kind of “virtual bee”? A. They are created with an AI tool. B. They are well known on the Internet. C. Their behaviour is determined by AI. D. Their ability to cross-pollinate depends on AI. 26. What is the most probable reason that bees rarely travel long distances? A. They are not adapted to GM crops. B. They can only travel a short distance. C. They know how to save time and energy. D. They are good at learning from trial and error. 27. How does Daniel’s model help with bee conservation? A. By recognizing bees’ potential. B. By affecting bees’ foraging behaviour. C. By promoting cross-pollination. D. By detecting bee-friendly environments. （十四） （2025年常德一模） B When Martin Roth began his career as a forest ranger in the 1980s, his job was to care for the forest in a way that would ensure continuity for decades, even centuries. Now, with climate change, it’s more about planning for an uncertain future. “It’s turned into disaster management,” says Roth, for whom the 3,000 acres of forest along the northeastern shore of Lake Constance in Germany act as testing ground for high-tech solutions, earning him the nickname “digital forest ranger” in the German forestry community. After a disastrous storm, the clock starts ticking: damaged trees need to be removed before the arrival of bark beetles (甲虫), which breed in dead trees and can go on to destroy entire forests. While it used to take Roth two and a half hours to cover an acre of forest on foot, drones (无人机) now let him survey the entire 3,000 acres in a matter of days, so he can quickly locate damaged trees, identify and inform the owners of affected plots, and send information to workers on the ground. His most recent project is combining body camera footage with AI. “Usually you mark the trees, they’re cut down, and you have no idea how much timber you’ll end up with-how many cubic meters, what quality, which tree species,” he explains. Now AI, “looking” through his body camera, automatically recognizes the tree species he has marked and estimates the amount of timber it will produce, sending the information to his phone in real time. Roth’s experience in tackling the challenges of modern forestry with technology is increasingly sought after-colleagues reach out for advice, and he lectures on digitalization in forestry at the Rottenburg University of Applied Forest Sciences. But he warns that technology can never replace a walk through the forest: “I should never believe that the digital twin is reality. I always have to do a reality check.” 4. What effect has climate change on Martin Roth’s work? A. It made his job focus on long-lasting forest continuity. B. It reduced the importance of traditional forestry skills. C. It required him to abandon technology-based methods. D. It shifted his role toward managing unexpected disasters. 5. How do drones help Roth after a disastrous storm? A. Kill bark beetles quickly. B. Assess forest damage efficiently. C. Predict the future climate change. D. Replace the work of ground workers. 6. What does Roth imply by mentioning “reality check” in the last paragraph? A. Digital tools must be tested in extreme weather. B. AI’s calculations are often unsafe and unreliable. C. Technology will soon make forest rangers unnecessary. D. Virtual models cannot fully replace on-site inspections. 7. What is the purpose of the text? A. To describe the life story of a German forest ranger. B. To warn about the dangers of climate change to forests. C. To introduce how technology transforms modern forestry. D To criticize the overuse of drones in environmental protection. （十五） （2025年常德一模） D From an airplane, cars moving slowly down the highway look like ants. But actual ants — unlike cars — somehow ow manage to avoid the suffering of stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative tactics (战术) to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the number of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane one driver tapping their brakes (刹车) can cause a persistent wave of congestion. “It’s a kind of phase transition,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Nishinari, a physicist at the University of Tokyo. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that ants can maintain their flow even in large numbers. So what’s their secret? In a recent study, researchers recorded ants on trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another-and they don’t speed up to pass others. Human drivers at rush hour are hard to follow such rules. “We’re maximizing the interests of individuals, which is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says Nicola, who studies sustainable engineering at the University of Trento in Italy. “But self-driving cars, if they one day become everywhere, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to make good use of traffic flow-perhaps, by prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road,” Nicola suggests. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: don’t tailgate. By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic conditions that would otherwise be amplified (放大) into a traffic jam with no obvious cause. “Just keeping away,” he says, “can help traffic flow smoothly.” 12. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The principle of causing a jam. B. The bad effects of jams on our life. C. The difficulty of avoiding a jam. D. The suffering of being stuck in a jam. 13. What is the ants’ key to avoiding traffic jams? A. Traveling in large groups. B. Keeping steady speed and spacing. C. Following a central leader. D. Frequently walk over one another. 14. What does Nicola suggest in Paragraph 4? A. Provide more speed choices for drivers. B. Build special roads for self-driving cars. C. Set stricter rules to regulate drivers’ behaviors. D. Apply ants’ cooperative strategies to self-driving cars. 15. What does the underlined word “tailgate” mean in the last paragraph? A. Park illegally. B. Speed up suddenly. C. Drive too closely. D. Ignore traffic signals. （十六） （2025年普通高中名校联考信息卷一模） C Many believe zoos provide a safe environment for animals, free from survival challenges. However, this isn’t the case for the largest land animals, elephants, which frequently experience health issues in captivity (监禁), including diseases, joint problems, and behavioral changes, often leading to having no babies. A groundbreaking study has analyzed four decades of data on 800 elephants from Africa and Asia living in European zoos. The research, conducted by a team of scientists, compared the lifespans of these zoo-born elephants with those of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants working in logging camps over a similar period. To learn more about how captivity affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. The findings were striking: female African elephants born in captivity had an average lifespan of 16.9 years, but their wild ones who died of natural causes lived to an average age of 56 years — more than three times longer. A similar trend was observed in Asian elephants, with zoo-born females living an average of 18.9 years compared to 41.7 years for those in logging camps. The reasons behind these differences are not yet fully understood. Georgia Mason, a biologist from the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, suspects that stress and obesity may be significant factors. Elephants in zoos do not engage in the same level of physical activity as they would in the wild, leading to obesity in many cases. Additionally, the social structures of elephants in captivity differ greatly from those in the wild, where they typically live in large groups and family groups. Another revelation (启示) from the study was that Asian elephants born in zoos had a higher likelihood of dying early compared to those captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason assumes that stress experienced by mothers in captivity could result in children that are less adaptive and more likely to die early. The implications of this study are profound (深刻的), particularly concerning the acquisition of more elephants for zoo populations. While some endangered species in zoos manage to reproduce and maintain healthy numbers, elephants seem to be an exception. The study highlights the need for further research into the well-being of elephants in captivity and the potential challenges of sustaining their populations in zoos. 28. What is the main focus of the study mentioned in the passage? A. Elephant Lifespans: Captivity against Wild. B. Analyzing elephant social structures in zoos. C. Studying the effects of obesity on elephants. D. Investigating the causes of elephant stress. 29. Why might elephants in zoos have a shorter lifespan compared to wild elephants? A. They have more eaters in zoos. B. They face increased stress and obesity. C. They are fed better in zoos. D. They are less active in zoos. 30. What is the average lifespan of wild female African elephants? A. 16.9 years. B. 56 years. C. 18.9 years. D. 41.7 years. 31. What conclusion can be drawn about the future of elephants in zoos? A. Elephants should not be kept in zoos. B. Zoos should focus on breeding more elephants. C. Zoos need to improve elephant care to increase lifespans. D. The study supports the inclusion of more elephants in zoos. （十七） （2025年普通高中名校联考信息卷一模） D The video game “Black Myth: Wukong” has been praised as a “masterpiece” by critics and enthusiasts alike, with many boldly predicting that it will be a strong competitor for the famed title of Game of the Year. This game has not only gained great popularity within China but has also captivated international audiences, many of whom may not be familiar with the complexities of the classic Chinese novel “Journey to the West”, from which the game draws its inspiration. Despite this, the game’s complex plot presents certain challenges for players who are not good at the slight differences of the source material. “Black Myth: Wukong” is a proof to the perfect integration of traditional Chinese cultural elements with modern gaming technology. The game beautifully combines Daoist talismans (护身符), Buddhist artifacts, and ancient architectural wonders, creating a visually stunning experience that draws inspiration from iconic landmarks such as the Great Wall and the splendid Mount Huangshan. The Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism has cleverly capitalized on the game’s popularity by releasing a promotional video that highlights real-life locations featured in the game, such as Xiaoxitian and Yuhuang Temple. This has led to a surge of cultural pilgrimages (朝圣) to these historic sites, as fans of the game seek to experience the real-world counterparts of the virtual wonders they have explored. The development team’s dedication to authenticity is evident in their careful research in Shanxi, a region that boasts (自夸) 80 percent of China’s surviving wooden structures from the Yuan Dynasty and earlier periods. This research has led to an almost exact copy of China’s breathtaking landscapes, grand temples, and delicate sculptures inside the game. This remarkable achievement not only serves as a proof to the team’s dedication to authenticity but also stands as a powerful cultural export, allowing players from around the globe to experience the richness of Chinese heritage in an immersive (沉浸式的) and interactive manner. The game’s success is a reflection of the growing influence of Chinese culture in the global gaming industry. “Black Myth: Wukong” is not just a game; it is a cultural phenomenon that bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming, creating an experience that is both educational and entertaining. As the game continues to gain popularity, it is likely to attract even more players who are curious about Chinese mythology and history, further cementing its status as a global cultural icon. 32. “Black Myth: Wukong” appeals internationally mainly because of . A. its simple plot and gameplay B. its complicated plot and cultural elements C. its focus on Western mythology D. its lack of historical accuracy 33. To use the game’s popularity, the Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism . A. released a video game B. created a promotional video C. built new tourist attractions D. published a travel guidebook 34. What is the significance of the development team’s research in Shanxi? A It led to the creation of a new game engine. B. It was used to develop a virtual reality experience. C. It caused a decline in tourism to Shanxi. D. It resulted in a near 1:1 reproduction of Chinese landscapes. 35. “Black Myth: Wukong” bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming . A. ignoring historical accuracy B. focusing on Western themes C. integrating cultural elements into gameplay D. using outdated graphics （十八） （2025年株洲一模） C Animals hibernate（冬眠）to conserve energy during cold months when food is in shortage, slowing their heart rate and dropping their body temperature to enter an inactive state. This is only survivable if their blood continues to flow and supply oxygen to the body, but scientists haven’t fully understood how this happens. If they can figure out how, the potential significance is that people might one day be able to copy the process for medical treatments or long-distance space travel. Scientists already know that red blood cells change shape to fit different pressures and blood vessel sizes. To investigate if something like this happens in the cells of hibernating animals to keep blood flowing, Gerald Kerth and his team turned to bats. By analysing thousands of red blood cells from bats and people, they discovered that the cells became thicker and stickier as temperatures dropped from 37℃ to 23℃. But when they cooled the cells to 10℃, the bat cells continued this metamorphosis, whereas the human cells did not. Indeed, the bat cells continued to function. This change might slow down the cells as they pass through capillaries（毛细血管）in the muscles and lungs, making them efficient at exchanging gases, like oxygen, throughout the body. The team believes that the mechanical properties of the bat red blood cell membranes（膜）play a key role. The findings suggest that drugs could one day enable human red blood cell membranes to imitate the way the bat membranes react to the cold. Surgeons already use body cooling during certain procedures to slow down metabolism, which can help prevent organ damage in people experiencing heart attacks, organ transplants or major brain surgery. “Being able to lengthen that cooling time, or drop the temperature lower, could increase those benefits,” says Kerth. Nature is full of yet-to-be-disclosed secrets that can teach us how to overcome present and future medical and technological challenges. In the future, hibernation will allow of efficient long-distance space travel, requiring minimum food and resources while preserving health during the journey. 28. Why is studying animal hibernation significant? A. It benefits human’s active states. B. It brings about medical advances. C. It contributes to a tourism boom. D. It promises human’s healthy heart rate. 29. What does the underlined word “metamorphosis” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Decline. B. Destruction. C. Transportation. D. Transformation. 30. What can we infer from paragraph 4? A. Cooling techniques have improved. B. Drugs make human cells work like bat cells. C. Body cooling matters in surgeries. D. Lower body temperature helps organ recovery. 31. What is the author’s attitude toward Gerald Kerth’s research? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. （十九） （2025年株洲一模） D Despite decades of indoor smoking bans and restrictions which serve to protect non-smoking people from exposure to second-hand smoke, a new research from Drexel University suggests that third-hand smoke, the chemical residue （残留物）from cigarette smoke that attaches itself to anything and anyone nearby, can make its way into the air and spread through buildings where no one is smoking. Peter DeCarlo, an atmospheric chemist at Drexel, revealed the new exposure route for third-hand smoke — through aerosol particles（气溶胶颗粒） which are common particles suspended in the air— they come from various sources and are harmful to health. “In an empty classroom, where smoking has not been allowed, we found that 29 percent of the entire indoor aerosol mass contained third-hand smoke chemical species. This shocked us and raised many questions about how that much third-hand smoke could continue to exist in a non-smoking room,” he says. To investigate the cause of this surprising finding, DeCarlo and his coworkers first made cigarette smoke flow into a Pyrex container, allowing the smoke chemicals to stay inside. Then they made any residual smoke flow out of the container before pulling outdoor air through it to clear out any second-hand smoke. After a day, purified outdoor air was passed through the container and the researchers measured the chemical composition of the aerosol particles it acquired and compared it to outdoor air that hadn’t passed through the container. They found a 13 percent increase in third-hand smoke chemical species in the air that went through the Pyrex container, which meant that, though it seemed as though the smoke had cleared, a chemical residue still existed and found a way to attach itself to passing aerosol particles. This means that the discovery was by no means unique to that classroom; in fact, it’s likely quite a widespread phenomenon. “While most people expect that they’ ll be exposed to air pollution from cars, or other chemicals in low concentrations when they’ re outside — they tend to think that they’ re escaping all that when they step indoors,” DeCarlo says. “Understanding that we are constantly exposed to these chemicals, even in our workplaces, is a challenge to communicate to the public.” 32. What does the research show? A. Third-hand smoke spreads widely. B. Smoking bans function well. C. Smoke residue exists temporarily. D. Indoor smoking is strictly restricted. 33. Why was the discovery in the classroom surprising? A. Smoking was permitted there. B. New aerosol particles appeared there. C. Chemical species there raised a debate. D. Partial aerosol particles there carried smoke. 34. How did the researchers carry out the study? A. By observing chemicals in the lab. B. By comparing indoor and outdoor air. C. By modeling third-hand smoke exposure. D. By measuring air quality in containers. 35. What does DeCarlo imply in the last paragraph? A. People face new working challenges. B. Their discovery is against expectations. C. Smoke exposure raises widespread concerns. D. Staying indoors frees people from air pollution. （二十） （2025年张家界一模） A Four Highly-related Books Anne of Green Gables. Anne of Green Gables by Canadian author Lucy Mau d Montgomery has been considered as a children’s novel since the mid-20th century. It states how Anne makes her way with the Cuthberts at school and within the town. The novel presents the conflicts between Ann’s more fantastical daily life and that of Marilla, who would rather operate as social convention dictates（规定）. Since publication, the book has sold more than 50 million copies and has been translated into 20 languages. First published: 1908 Original language: English Pride and prejudice Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel of manners by the British author Jane Austen. The story follows the main character, Elizabeth Bennet, as she deals with issues of manners, upbringing, norality, education and marriage in the society of the landed gentry（地主阶层）of England in the early 19th century. First published: 1813 Original language: English Treasure Island Treasure Island is an adventure novel by Scottish author Robert Louis, telling a tale of “pirates （海盗）and buried gold”. The influence of the book on popular perceptions of pirates is huge, including such elements as treasure maps marked with an “X”, sailing ships, tropical islands and one-legged seamen bearing parrots on their shoulders. First published: 1883 Original language: English Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson under the pen name Lewis Carroll. It tells of a girl named Alice falling through a rabbit hole into a fantasy world populated by unusual and vivid creatures. The tale plays with logic, giving the story lasting popularity with adults as well as with children. It is considered to be one of the best examples of the literary nonsense type. First published: 1865 Original language: English 1. What do the four books have in common? A．They are novels written by the authors from the same country. B．They were first published in the 19th century. C．They were originally written in English. D．They are works of children's literature. 1. What can we know about Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland? A．Its theme is manners, upbringing and marriage. B．Its main character is an English gentleman. C．It is suitable for both adults and children. D．It is based on a true and touching story. 1. Which book is involved with sailors who attack other ships and rob them of property? A．Treasure Island. B．Pride and prejudice. C．Anne of Green Gables. D．Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. （二十一） （2025年张家界一模） C Imagine you’re cooking potatoes for breakfast. First, you’d remove the potatoes from their plastic bag. Then, you might chop them on a plastic cutting board. Next, you’d probably cook them in a nonstick pan. All the removing, chopping and overheating of nonstick pans can add 2.3 million microplastics to your food. Besides food, the air and water in your home is full of microplastics. Smaller than a grain of salt, we interact with them more than we might realize. Humans breathe in about 22,000,000 microplastics annually. As a result, microplastics have been detected in our blood and lungs. We’re only just beginning to understand the effect of microplastics on human health — but research suggests we should concern more. A groundbreaking new study shows how the presence of microplastics in arteries（动脉血管） is linked to a greater risk of heart attack and death. When microplastics build up in arteries, the thicker blood vessel（血管）walls reduce blood flow to parts of the body. This study will inspire more research into what other organs plastic may be damaging, such as the brain, or stomach. Microplastics may be inescapable, but with simple swaps and fixes, you can reduce the amount of microplastics you encounter in your own home. Carry your own reusable bags and avoid buying food that comes in much plastic packaging. When heating food, use stainless steel instead of nonstick pans. Another way to limit your exposure is to filter（过滤）your tap water to reduce plastic fibers in the tap water. Ultimately, plastic manufacturers and the companies that sell their products are responsible for the high volume of plastic waste in our environments, and significantly reducing that plastic — and the microplastics that come with it — will have to be at the policy level nationwide and worldwide. 1. What does the author try to convey by telling the cooking story? A．Microplastics directly lead to diseases. B．Nonstick pans are free of microplastics. C．We consumed microplastics unknowingly. D．Cooking is to blame for making microplastics. 1. How do microplastics affect our body according to the new study? A．By damaging our brain. B．By slowing blood flow. C．By thickening our lungs. D．By causing stomachache. 1. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Tips for people to cut microplastics. B．Proof of microplastics in our homes. C．Presence of microplastics in packaging. D．Exposure to microplastics via tap water. 1. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Plastic waste comes from microplastics on earth. B．The amount of plastic waste is significantly large. C．Relevant regulations are vital to contain plastic use. D．Plastic makers and buyers answer for plastic waste. （二十二） （2025年衡阳县一中一模） A Whether rock, pop, folk, jazz, or EDM is your cup of tea, one of these festivals is bound to attract you. Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival Since first taking place in 1999, the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival has become one of the USA’s most popular events. Alongside attracting major acts such as Rage Against the Machine, Jay Z, and Kesha, Coachella is also known for its huge contemporary art facilities. Glastonbury Festival It’s come to be known as one of the most musically diverse festivals around, with performances from idols(偶像) including Stevie Wonder and David Bowie to lesser-known acts just waiting to be discovered. It has also been the subject of a number of documentaries — firstly, Nicolas Roeg and Peter Neal’s Glastonbury Fayre in 1971 and most recently in Julien Temple’s 2006 film Glastonbury. Roskilde Festival Denmark’s Roskilde Festival, held each year since 1971, is one of the world’s longest-running festivals, and today is an eight-day long musical extravaganza(盛会) attracting over 100, 000 attendants each year. Featuring around 175 music acts across eight stages, Roskilde Festival has welcomed big names like Bob Marley, Metallica, and The Rolling Stones over the course of its history. Newport Folk Festival During its early years, the festival is credited with introducing several then — rising stars of the folk scene to a wider audience including Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, and Jose Feliciano. In 1965, Newport Folk Festival made history as the site of Dylan’s disputable choice to “go electric” — a decision which resulted in a chorus of boos(喝倒彩) from folk purists among the festival crowd. 21. What is a special feature of Glastonbury Festival? A. It lasts the longest time. B. It features lesser-known acts. C. It is the most famous music festival. D. It is the theme of many documentaries. 22. Which festival went down in history for an artist’s debatable choice? A. Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. B. Glastonbury Festival. C. Newport Folk Festival. D. Roskilde Festival. 23. What do the four music festivals have in common? A. They take place every other year. B. They welcome famous stars. C. They attract millions of attendants. D. They are popular among composers. （二十三） （2025年衡阳县一中一模） C Seagulls are flying overhead. Not far away, a boat is making a big noise. The sounds of people talking and laughing are everywhere. The smell of popcorn is carried on the fresh and pleasant wind blowing off the lake. Duluth is a city full of sights, smells, and sounds. My family visits it often, but each time it is a new adventure. Duluth, Minnesota, was founded in 1870. Located at the southeast corner of the St. Louis County, on Lake Superior, Duluth is the third largest city in Minnesota, with a population of 86, 918. It was named after Daniel Sieur Du Lhut, a French explorer. Native American settlements were first found in the area by French explorers in the late 1600s. Soon after, Duluth became an important trade and shipping center for the timber(木材) industry. In 1865, iron was discovered, making Duluth a major ore(矿石) shipping point. When the St. Lawrence Seaway opened in 1959, it became one of the Great Lakes’ leading ports for exporting grain. Tourism is very important to Duluth. People are attracted to its natural scenery, as well as the museums, zoos, and of course, the many gift shops downtown. Duluth is the home of the Great Lakes Aquarium, which is the only allfreshwater aquarium in the United States. However, the Aerial Lift Bridge is the thing that most people want to see when they visit. Standing nearly 400 feet tall, it is a spectacular feat(功绩) of engineering. The Lake Superior Maritime Museum, where you’ll find more about ore boats, the lift bridge, and other things, is just a short walk away from the bridge. If you visit Duluth in the winter, you can go to Spirit Mountain to ski or snowboard. From bridges to museums, zoos to shops, Duluth has it all. No matter what your interests are, Duluth has something for everyone. 28. How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A. By giving examples. B. By giving a summary. C. By giving a description. D. By making comparisons. 29. Who was Daniel Sieur Du Lhut? A. The leader of Native Americans. B. The founder of Duluth, Minnesota. C. The person who gave a name to Duluth. D. One of the first French explorers to Duluth. 30. Why do most people go to see the Aerial Lift Bridge? A. It is near a famous museum. B. It is a masterpiece of engineering. C. People can overlook Duluth on it. D. It is the highest building in Duluth. 31. Where is the text likely to appear? A. a news report B. a tourist guide C. a history paper D. an art show review （二十四） （2025年九校联盟一模） A RESTORE AND REWILD The 2024 Nature Restoration Law aims to renew and protect 20 percent of the European Union’s (EU’s) decreased land by 2030. Europe is launching hundreds of bold rewilding initiatives in the following places which leads to a lot of benefits for wildlife and people. Apennine Hunting, poisoning, and traffic accidents endanger some 60 Marsican bears in the central Apennine. Removing outdated fencing helps them move freely and the number of tourists is strictly controlled. Kraansvlak Bison (野牛) introduced to work as landscape engineers feed on trees invading easily destroyed sand hills. The result: a sustainable ecosystem and habitat. Koitajoki Work to restore 2,500 acres of peatlands (泥炭地) has been beneficial to birds, flood reduction, and ecosystems under the water, aiding fish such as Finland’s last natural salmon. Carpathian Mountains The government’s calling on sustainable tourism leads to decreasing tourist numbers. The region is seeing the return of wildlife to abandoned farmland. CONSERVATION VS. REWILDING These two restoration models are guided by different approaches and long-term goals. Conservation Rewilding Application zone Smaller, isolated habitats in need of careful management Large-scale landscape, marginal farmland (边远农田), or postindustrial sites Approaches The approach is defensive, involved, human-led Emphasizes natural processes and hands-off management Goals Focuses on monitoring and distribution of endangered species Boosts rare species 21. What is the intention of launching the Nature Restoration Law? A. To protect the world’s land. B. To conduct wildlife research. C. To preserve the EU’s declining area. D. To promote biological initiatives. 22. What is the common approach used in Apennine and Carpathian Mountains? A Forbidding hunting. B. Limiting tourist numbers. C. Dismissing outdated measures. D. Restoring abandoned lands. 23. Which area is more suitable for applying rewilding? A. Rich farmland. B. Preindustrial sites. C. Isolated habitats. D. Wide-ranging landscape. （二十五） （2025年九校联盟一模） C We all know that being overweight is not great for your health — it’s linked to metabolic (新陈代谢的) diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular (心血管的) problems. But weighing yourself won’t tell you all you need to know about your disease risk. A friend of mine is a super-fit marathon runner. She’s all lean muscle. And yet according to her body mass index (BMI), which is a measure of weight relative to height, she’s overweight. Which is frankly ridiculous. The BMI is deficient. So what should we be using instead? First, let’s talk about fat — the most demonized of all body components. Fat is stored in adipose tissue (脂肪组织), which has some really important roles. It conserves energy, maintains our body temperature, and serves as a protective layer for our organs. It also produces a whole host of important substances, from hormones that control our appetite to chemicals that influence the way our immune systems work. However, not all fat is equal. It’s the visceral fat — the type surrounding your organs — that is thought to be more harmful to your health, if there’s too much of it. Having more visceral fat has been linked to an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (That relationship isn’t straightforward either, though; studies have shown that removing this “excess” fat doesn’t improve metabolic health.) Either way, having a good idea of how much fat is in your body, and where it is, would be valuable. It might at least give us some idea of our risk of metabolic disorders. There are quite a few different ways of measuring this. BMI is the most widely adopted. It’s the official measure the World Health Organization uses to define overweight and obesity. Unfortunately, it doesn’t tell you very much about the fat in your body or how it corresponds to your health. After all, your body weight includes your bones, muscles, blood, and everything else, not just your fat. Instead, Emma Börgeson, who studies cardiometabolic disease at Aarhus University in Denmark, and her colleagues recommend the SAD measure, a measure of the size of a person’s belly from back to front. 28. What does the underlined word “deficient” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Faulty. B. Accurate. C. Essential. D. Worthless. 29. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The types of fat. B. The impact of fat. C. The functions of fat. D. The composition of fat. 30. What can be inferred about the visceral fat? A. It is the most harmful fat in the body. B. Too much of it may lead to health issues. C. It is closely related to metabolic disorders. D. Removing it can lower the risk of diseases. 31. What might be discussed in the following paragraphs? A. The comparison between the SAD and other measures. B. The advantages of using the BMI over other measures. C. Personal experiences about the weight loss journeys. D. Detailed explanations of the alternative method SAD. （二十六） （2025年九校联盟一模） D A cyclist pedals down the street. The cyclist’s brain takes in information from what he has perceived but can no longer see. The brain sorts through that information—the color, shape and text on signs, for example—and selects what is most important. Based on that, he takes the correct turn and continues on. Freek Van Ede, cognitive neuroscientist (神经学家) at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, studies attention. He uses a lot of bicycling metaphors. His focus is not on external attention—what someone is looking at or attending to in the moment. Instead, Van Ede is trying to understand what happens inside-how the brain focuses on and grabs exactly what it needs from incoming information to guide future behavior. Getting a more real-world picture means measuring brain activity in real time, which is why Van Ede uses electro-encephalography (脑电图), paired with eye tracking. In one experiment, participants watched objects briefly appear on a screen. Van Ede found that when a participant was asked to recall something about an object that had been onscreen, their gaze moved quickly toward where the object had been, even though it was no longer there. That movement was detectable as microsaccades (微跳视)—tiny unconscious movements that your eyes make. When participants shifted their attention to focus on where an object had been, the microsaccades were systematically pulled in the direction of that attention shift. This discovery opened new opportunities for tracking “the mind’s eye,” Van Ede says, and so decoding what information the brain is using to plan future action. Van Ede’s lab has used the technique to show that when preparing for the future, the brain doesn’t wait until all the information is in to make a plan. Instead, the brain plans possible actions as each piece of information comes in—even though the brain can select only one plan in the end. Knowing how the brain plans actions could someday help scientists gain an insight into memory disorders or attention problems. 32. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By making an assumption. B. By giving a relevant example. C. By making some contrasts. D. By listing research data. 33. What does Van Ede’s study concentrate on? A. Cognitive neuroscience. B. External environment. C. Internal attention. D. Unconscious movements. 34. What can we learn about Van Ede’s experiment? A. Electro-encephalography is the only method to use. B. The brain doesn’t plan future action until all information has come in. C. Participants fail to recall what they perceived previously. D. Participants’ microsaccades correspond to their attention shifts. 35. What aspect may the discovery be applied in? A. Decoding all messages in the brain. B. Improving cognitive competence. C. Knowing some memory problems. D. Helping cure certain brain illnesses. （二十七） （2025年郴州一模） A Newly Designated Top-level Scenic Attractions Are you planning to escape your busy schedule? Here are some national-level tourist resorts for you to choose from. Let’s begin your new adventure. Changshan Islands Tourist Resort It encompasses 195 islands, with a coastline extending over 359 km, which is a hub of fisheries in China, boasting lush vegetation and pure, moist air that has earned it the fame of a “natural oxygen bar”. Address: Changhai county, Dalian city, Liaoning province Ideal Sightseeing Season: June to August Opening Hours: 8:00 — 17:00 (open all year around) Xiling Snow Mountain Tourist Resort The ski resort, featuring seven trails, is the best in the market in Southwest China and the largest and most well-equipped ski resort in the region. Address: Dayi county, Chengdu city, Sichuan province Ideal Sightseeing Season: December to February of the next following year Opening Hours: 8:30 — 18:00 (Monday to Friday) 8:00 — 18:00 (Saturday to Sunday) Shapotou Desert Tourist Resort Shapotou means “the end of a desert” in Chinese and it lies at the junction where the Yellow River meets the Tengger Desert, allowing visitors to enjoy both splendid desert scenery and beautiful riverside views. Address: Zhongwei county, Ningxi a Hui autonomous region Ideal Sightseeing Season: May to early October Opening Hours: 8:00 — 18:00 during the peak season (Apr. 1 to Oct. 31) 9:00 — 17:00 during the low season (Nov. 1 to Mar. 31) Changsha Tongguan Kilns Cultural Tourism Resort It is set on the Xiangjiang River, surrounded by green mountains and clear waters. It integrates cultural experiences, leisure vacations, educational research, theme parks, and sightseeing tours into one cultural tourism resort. Address: Wangcheng county, Changsha city, Hunan province Ideal Sightseeing Season: September to November Opening Hours: 9:00 — 20:30 (Tuesday to Sunday) 1. Where can we go to enjoy the sea view? A. Shapotou Desert Tourist Resort. B. Changshan Islands Tourist Resort. C. Xiling Snow Mountain Tourist Resort. D. Changsha Tongguan Kilns Cultural Tourism Resort. 2. What can we do in Xiling Snow Mountain Tourist Resort? A. We can ski. B. We can fish. C. We can ride camels. D. We can experience culture. 3. What do these 4 tourist attractions have in common? A. They are all located in coastal areas. B. They all have their best time for travel. C. They all provide facilities for winter sports. D. They all offer water-based recreational activities. （二十八） （2025年郴州一模） B If you are trying to lose weight, climbing stairs as a regular exercise might be for you. Stairs are available in many places. And research shows stair-climbing is more effective than walking on level ground. “Overall, it is a fact that stair-climbing gets you fit faster and consumes more calories,” said Lauri van Houten, vice president of the International Skyrunning Federation. The organization oversees a number of activities that involve climbing. “How many calories will I burn is the question everyone wants to know,” van Houten said. “Here’s the good news: The overall energy expenditure of the exercise depends on your weight. Therefore, the more you weigh, the more you burn,” she said. Studies indicate that going up stairs consumes approximately 20 times more calories compared to walking on flat ground. Additionally, descending stairs burns roughly five times as many calories on account of the work from your muscles to decelerate your body movement. That might be all you need to know if you are trying to lose weight. Dr. Alberto Minetti of Italy’s University of Milan has done a large amount of research on human movement — including stair — climbing. It is an exercise everyone can do and does not cost money, he said. Minetti did the math to explain why going up stairs is so effective for burning calories in a short amount of time. “To move 1 kilogram of body mass over one horizontal meter, you expend 0.5 calories,” he said. But, he added, “If you move 1 kilogram of body mass vertically on stairs, it’s 10 calories. So it’s 20 times the calories moving vertically rather than horizontally.” Trained as a doctor, Minetti has spent his career as a researcher. He suggested that older people and beginner stair climbers watch their speed. Minetti does his own stair-climbing at his home in Milan. He said he often takes a few deep breaths before going up the many stairs. In a scientific study, Minetti makes the point that using your arms in stair-climbing adds extra power. Handrails offer safety, too. The study notes that handrails are available along most stairs in very tall buildings. Using them increases “the muscle mass involved...” by getting the arms involved, the study shows. “They are relatively small muscles in the arms, but better than nothing,” Minetti said. If stair-climbing were an Olympic sport, Australian Suzy Walsham would own gold medals. Walsham told the Associated Press that stair-climbing is a good form of exercise for many kinds of people. 4. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A. Stair-climbing contributes to climbers’ health. B Stair-climbing is harmful to the climbers’ skeleton. C Stair-climbing is the most effective way to lose weight. D. Stair-climbing needs high-standard equipment for exercise. 5. Why does going down stairs burn more calories than walking on the ground? A. Because it is an exercise everyone can do. B. Because you are heavier while going down stairs. C. Because your muscles have to work to slow the body. D. Because the overall energy expenditure of exercise depends on your weight. 6. Which of the following statements does Menetti agree with? A. It is unnecessary to warm up before climbing. B. Using handrails may avoid the potential danger. C. Experienced stair-climbers can pay no attention to their speed. D. You will expend more calories to move horizontally than vertically. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Calorie Burning Facts B. A Sure Way to Burn Calories C. Suggestions on Climbing Stairs D. Weight Loss Through Exercise （二十九） （2025年郴州一模） C The buildings in which we live, work and shop shape our experiences. The construction and maintenance of these buildings also require significant resources. So a growing number of architects are trying to design buildings while keeping both sustainability and quality of life in mind. The term “green building” can refer to one of these structures or to the process of constructing them. Any structure is considered a green building if it fits certain criteria. Most of these criteria have to do with environmental concerns, especially those related to climate change. For example, green buildings are made of sustainable materials and use water and energy efficiently as well as renewable energy sources. Green-building advocates do care about the humans involved, though; one of the criteria is that the building will improve its occupants’ quality of life. Sometimes a single feature contributes to more than one criterion. For example, many green buildings have large windows, which save energy on lighting. But natural light also has health benefits for humans, such as increasing vitamin D production, improving sleep and reducing seasonal depression. These windows thus kill two birds with one stone, saving energy and keeping people fit. The construction process for a green building should also have minimal environmental impact. This means it should be energy efficient, avoid pollution and minimize waste. A commercial building in Hong Kong, includes numerous features that employ new technology to improve its occupants’ well-being. For example, they cool the building using chilled beams rather than air vents, and then eliminate uncomfortable drafts. In addition to conventional air filters, they also used a paint that purifies the air, improving air quality in the building beyond what a filter could do alone. It’s just one of the many green-building projects carried out by the World Green Building Council. It is an organization with branches all over the world that collaborates with businesses, organizations and governments to encourage green building. Its website lists numerous examples of green buildings and highlights some of the features that made them successful. These buildings include residences, office buildings and more. 8. What are the characteristics of the green building? A. It should be built in the woods. B. The essential colour of the building is green. C. It is environmentally friendly while supporting quality life. D. The maintenance of this building doesn’t consume natural resources. 9. What are the advantages of using large windows in buildings from the passage? A. They are energy efficient and good for health. B. The buildings with large windows are more beautiful. C. They are good for cutting the cost of building the house. D. The occupants can have a better view with large windows. 10. What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Cause. B. Activate. C. Prevent. D. Remove. 11. What does the World Green Building Council do to promote green buildings? A. It sets strict regulations for construction companies. B. It certifies green buildings based on a single criterion. C. It cooperates with many groups to foster green building. D. It provides financial support for building green buildings. （三十） （2025年郴州一模） D An early text-to-video AI tool called ModelScope, while impressive, was deeply limited in its ability to accurately represent the text prompt — some users even described the video that it created as “nightmarish”. While a year later, text-to-video AI would blur the line between the digital and the real. If you’ve ever used a text-to-image generative AI tool like DALL-E, you’ll see that text-to-video tools work in a similar way. The user provides a prompt, like “cat swimming in a fish tank”, and the tool creates a video based on everything it knows about cats, water, fish and the physics of how they might interact. The tool makes use of what are known as “visual patches”, building blocks of data that help the AI to understand how everything in the scene should interact and progress, frame by frame. Tools based on a diffusion system, like OpenAI’s Sora, are trained to recognize objects so they can refine images by filtering out the incorrect visual patches. This process could be compared to a worker melting raw gold multiple times in order to remove all its flaws. One of the remarkable things about OpenAI’s Sora is that it can generate content in a variety of styles. When the project was disclosed last February, OpenAI claimed that “Sora can generate videos up to a minute long while maintaining visual quality and adherence (遵守) to the user’s prompt.” But there are constraints to Sora’s capabilities. As OpenAI shows in some demo videos, the physics of how objects interact in the videos doesn’t always make sense. Sometimes people or objects will blend together, transform into other things, disappear or appear out of nowhere. But if the technology can bound from the bizarre spaghetti video to where it is now in a year, these limitations probably won’t last long. Meanwhile, you can still experiment with simple text-to-video tools like invideo AI, a product that was created with marketing, content creation and education in mind. It’s perfect for creating online tutorials, “explainer” videos or providing visuals for a short story. 12. What can we infer from paragraph 1? A. ModelScope was widely praised. B. ModelScope can correctly analyse text to the users. C. Text-to-video AI received negative feedback eventually. D. Text-to-video AI has improved significantly over the past year. 13. How can OpenAI’s Sora improve images? A. By recognizing the objects around. B By creating content in various styles. C. By removing inappropriate visual patches. D. By working in the same way as ModelScope. 14. What message does the last paragraph convey about invideo AI? A. It may fall out of use. B. It will be highly profitable. C. It may increase daily expenses. D. It will take ages to see the future result. 15. What is the main idea of the passage? A. A great leap for creative AI. B. The functions of various AI tools. C. The limitations of OpenAI’s Sora. D. A demonstration of making a video. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08 说明文阅读 （一） （2025年岳阳市一模） C Scientists have long known that plants react to their environment in all sorts of ways. For example, they grow toward sunlight and release chemicals to fight off insects that want to eat them. Not all scientists are comfortable calling those abilities “awareness,” a word many people use to describe only humans and animals. But for Gagliano, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Western Australia, it’s obvious. “Plants are responding to the environment and the information that the environment is providing them,” she says. “That’s awareness.” The challenge for scientists like her is to prove it. So Gagliano created an experiment. She attached potted mimosa (含羞草) plants to a metal rail and dropped them, letting them quickly slide down six inches. At first, all the mimosa plants closed their leaves when they fell. But once Gagliano had dropped them several times, they got used to it and started to keep their leaves open during the fall. Then Gagliano left the mimosa plants alone for almost a month. When she came back and dropped them again, they still didn’t close their leaves. Gagliano’s work showed mimosa plants could not only learn from past experiences, but they could also remember them for a long time. More recently, Gagliano gave pea plants a chance to shine. Plants make their food out of sunlight, so they grow toward light sources. Every time Gagliano shined a light source at her pea plants, she also pointed a fan at them. The breeze came from the same direction as the light. After three days of training, she took away the light source and just pointed a fan at the plants. Sure enough, most of the pea plants grew toward the breeze. They had learned to associate it with light. “That was pretty amazing. It shows a real choice, a real decision,” she says. Gagliano hopes her experiments will inspire other scientists to give plants more credit. “Humans have a tendency to look at our perspective as the only available one, and the only worthwhile one,” she says. Her experiments help reveal how much we humans have overlooked, just because we didn’t know how to see what plants were really up to. 8. Which of the following can be regarded as “awareness” of plants according to Gagliano? A. Plants eat insects for food. B. Plants’ leaves produce oxygen. C. Plants’ roots grow toward water source. D. Plants release chemicals to attract insects. 9. Why did Gagliano drop the mimosa plants several times in her first experiment? A. To help them to grow better. B. To test whether they have memories. C. To see if they can close their leaves. D. To create a challenging environment for them. 10. What can be concluded about pea plants from paragraph 3? A. They shine with sunlight. B. They are sensitive to changes. C. They grow towards breeze naturally. D. They respond to the environment well. 11. What does Gagliano mean in the last paragraph? A. Plant behaviors are too complex to understand. B. Plants should be treated like humans and animals. C. Plants may have more potential than humans thought. D. Humans have a unique perspective in the study of plants. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家Gagliano通过实验证明植物具有“意识”和反应能力。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段中““Plants are responding to the environment and the information that the environment is providing them,” she says. “That’s awareness.” (“植物正在对环境以及环境提供给它们的信息作出反应，”她说，“这就是意识。”)”可知，Gagliano认为植物对环境及其提供的信息作出反应就是“意识”。因此，植物朝向水源生长可以被视为植物的“意识”。故选C。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“The challenge for scientists like her is to prove it. So Gagliano created an experiment. She attached potted mimosa (含羞草) plants to a metal rail and dropped them, letting them quickly slide down six inches. At first, all the mimosa plants closed their leaves when they fell. But once Gagliano had dropped them several times, they got used to it and started to keep their leaves open during the fall. Then Gagliano left the mimosa plants alone for almost a month. When she came back and dropped them again, they still didn’t close their leaves. Gagliano’s work showed mimosa plants could not only learn from past experiences, but they could also remember them for a long time. (像她这样的科学家面临的挑战是如何证明这一点。于是，Gagliano设计了一个实验。她将盆栽的含羞草植物绑在金属轨道上，然后让它们迅速滑落六英寸。起初，当含羞草植物落下时，它们的叶子都会闭合。但Gagliano多次让它们落下后，它们就习惯了，在落下时开始保持叶子张开。然后，Gagliano让含羞草植物独自放置了近一个月。当她回来再次让它们落下时，它们的叶子仍然没有闭合。Gagliano的研究表明，含羞草植物不仅能够从过去的经历中学习，而且还能长时间记住这些经历)”可推知，Gagliano在第一次实验中多次让含羞草植物掉落是为了测试它们是否有记忆能力。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“After three days of training, she took away the light source and just pointed a fan at the plants. Sure enough, most of the pea plants grew toward the breeze. They had learned to associate it with light. (经过三天的训练后，她拿走了光源，只对着植物吹风扇。果然，大多数豌豆植物都朝着微风的方向生长。它们已经学会了将微风与光线联系起来)”可知，豌豆植物在经过训练后学会了将风与光联系起来，说明它们对环境有很好的反应能力。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Gagliano hopes her experiments will inspire other scientists to give plants more credit. “Humans have a tendency to look at our perspective as the only available one, and the only worthwhile one,” she says. Her experiments help reveal how much we humans have overlooked, just because we didn’t know how to see what plants were really up to. (Gagliano希望她的实验能激励其他科学家对植物给予更多的认可。“人类往往认为我们的视角是唯一可用的视角，也是唯一有价值的视角，”她说。她的实验有助于揭示我们人类因为不知道如何观察植物的真实行为而忽略了多少东西)”可知，Gagliano希望她的实验能够激励其他科学家更加重视植物，她的实验揭示了人类因为不知道如何观察而忽略了很多植物的潜能。因此，她认为植物可能比人类想象的有更多的潜能。故选C。 （二） （2025年岳阳市一模） D Recently, researchers have used a machine-learning algorithm (算法) to recognize the seemingly mysterious facial expressions of laboratory mice. The work could have implications for locating neurons (神经元) in the human brain that encode particular expressions. Their study “is an important first step” in understanding some of the mysterious aspects of emotions and how they present in the brain, says neuroscientist David Anderson at the California Institute of Technology. Neuroscientist Nadine Gogolla, who led the study, took inspiration from a 2014 paper that Anderson wrote with his workmate Ralph Adolphs. In the study, they theorized ‘brain states’ such as emotions should exhibit particular characteristics — they should be persistent, for example, enduring for some time after the stimulus that aroused them has disappeared. And they should vary with the strength of the stimulus. Gogolla’s team fixed the heads of mice to keep them still, then provided different sensory stimuli intended to trigger particular emotions, and filmed the animals’ faces. They knew a mouse can change its expression by moving its ears, cheeks, nose and the upper parts of its eyes, but couldn’t reliably assign the expressions to particular emotions. So they broke down the videos of facial-muscle movements into ultra-short snapshots as the animals responded to the different stimuli. Machine-learning algorithms recognized distinct expressions, which correlated with the aroused emotional states, such as pleasure, disgust or fear. The facial expressions had the characteristics that Anderson and Adolphs had proposed. The scientists then searched for brain cells that might encode these emotions in the brain. Using optogenetics (光遗传学) they targeted individual neuronal circuits in mice that have been shown to trigger particular emotions in humans and other animals. When the authors directly stimulated these circuits, the mice assumed the relevant facial expressions. Finally, the team used a technique called two-photon calcium imaging to identify individual neurons in the mouse brain that fired only when particular emotions, and particular facial expressions, were aroused. “They may represent part of a coding for emotions in the brain,” says Gogolla. “We think encoding for emotion may be evolutionary conserved, and so the encoding in humans and mice may share some common features.” 12. What does the study focus on according to paragraph 1? A. Testing the machine-learning algorithm. B. Uncovering the secret of mice’s expressions. C. Encoding particular expressions of human beings. D. Identifying certain neurons related to expressions. 13. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Giving examples of the study methods. B. Displaying details of the research process. C. Making reference to the study background. D. Listing characteristics of the research findings. 14. How did Gogolla’s team distinguish mice’s expressions? A. By using different sensory stimuli. B. By filming mice’s facial-muscle movements. C. By employing optogenetics targeting neuron circuits. D. By categorizing their pictures with machine-learning algorithm. 15. What might be the significance of the study according to the text? A. It decodes the process of emotional evolution. B. It offers insights into emotional encoding in human. C. It has fully revealed the mystery of mice’s emotions. D. It discovers the similarities between human and mice. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员利用机器学习算法识别实验室老鼠面部表情的一项研究，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Recently, researchers have used a machine-learning algorithm (算法) to recognize the seemingly mysterious facial expressions of laboratory mice.(最近，研究人员使用一种机器学习算法来识别实验室老鼠看似神秘的面部表情)”可知，研究的重点是揭示老鼠表情的秘密。故选B。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Neuroscientist Nadine Gogolla, who led the study, took inspiration from a 2014 paper that Anderson wrote with his workmate Ralph Adolphs. In the study, they theorized ‘brain states’ such as emotions should exhibit particular characteristics — they should be persistent, for example, enduring for some time after the stimulus that aroused them has disappeared. And they should vary with the strength of the stimulus.(领导这项研究的神经科学家纳丁·戈戈拉从安德森与同事拉尔夫·阿道夫于2014年撰写的一篇论文中获得了灵感。在这项研究中，他们将情绪等‘大脑状态’理论化，认为它们应该表现出特定的特征——例如，它们应该是持续的，在引起它们的刺激消失后还能持续一段时间。而且它们应该随着刺激力度的不同而变化)”可知，第二段的主要是谈及研究背景。故选C。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“So they broke down the videos of facial-muscle movements into ultra-short snapshots as the animals responded to the different stimuli. Machine-learning algorithms recognized distinct expressions, which correlated with the aroused emotional states, such as pleasure, disgust or fear. The facial expressions had the characteristics that Anderson and Adolphs had proposed.(因此，他们将动物对不同刺激面部肌肉运动视频分解成超短的快照。机器学习算法识别出不同的表情，这些表情与被唤起的情绪状态相关，比如快乐、厌恶或恐惧。)”可知，Gogolla的团队通过机器学习算法对图片进行分类来区分老鼠的表情。故选D。 【15题详解】 逻辑推理题。根据倒数第二段中“The scientists then searched for brain cells that might encode these emotions in the brain. Using optogenetics (光遗传学), they targeted individual neuronal circuits in mice that have been shown to trigger particular emotions in humans and other animals. (然后，科学家们寻找可能在大脑中编码这些情绪的脑细胞。利用光遗传学技术，他们瞄准了老鼠的单个神经回路，这些神经回路已被证明会引发人类和其他动物的特定情绪。)”以及最后一段“the team used a technique called two-photon calcium imaging to identify individual neurons in the mouse brain that fired only when particular emotions, and particular facial expressions, were aroused. “They may represent part of a coding for emotions in the brain,” says Gogolla. “We think encoding for emotion may be evolutionary conserved, and so the encoding in humans and mice may share some common features.”(研究小组使用了一种叫做双光子钙成像的技术来识别老鼠大脑中的单个神经元，这些神经元只有在特定的情绪和特定的面部表情被激发时才会被激活。‘它们可能代表了大脑中情绪编码的一部分，’Gogolla说：‘我们认为情绪编码可能是进化保守的，因此人类和老鼠的编码可能有一些共同的特征。’)”可知，人类和老鼠的编码可能有一些共同的特征，而科学家们运用不同的技术来寻找可能在大脑中编码不同情绪的脑细胞，他们所瞄准的单个神经回路已被证明会引发人类和其他动物的特定情绪，识别只有在特定的情绪和特定的面部表情被激发时才会被激活的单个神经元；由此可知，这项研究的意义是它提供了对人类情感编码的深入了解。故选B。 （三） （2025年师大附中一模） C From Beijing, more than 400 kilometers away, all the way up north, the temperature gradually drops. With the emergence of fire prevention warnings, Saihanba (塞罕坝), known as a “miracle on earth”, begins to come into view. In October, the cold wind blowing from Siberia has dyed (染色) Saihanba golden. In Mongolian, Saihanba means beautiful high mountains. However, Saihanba was a desert of “yellow sand covering the sky and flying birds without inhabiting trees” 62 years ago. Whenever the north wind blows, the windy sand located in Inner Mongolia will drive southward, reaching Beijing and Tianjin. After more than half a century of forest plantation, people who have come to Saihanba can hardly imagine the arid (干旱) scene. Occasionally, a gust of wind passes by, and they would just sigh and shout how strong the wind is, but they would not feel sandblasted (喷砂). On Oct 9, watchmen Liu Jun and Wang Juan were observing the surrounding forest area on a watchtower in Saihanba Forest Farm in Hebei province. Liu is in charge of the observation and Wang keeps recording. “Spring and autumn are the critical fire prevention periods for our forest farm. We need to stay here for three months, have three meals a day, work and live in the building,” says Liu Jun, who has been engaged in observation for 13 years. Simple as it looks, the job is quite the burden on their shoulders. Only by enjoying loneliness can they keep this forest safe and sound. Saihanba today is not only a “green Great Wall” for windbreak and sand fixation (固化), but also a timber (林木) source. Many people would doubt why the trees that have grown up here are to be cut down in a planned way. Liu explains that most of the trees here are planted forest, and the forest species are relatively single, unlike natural forests that can adapt on their own and survive the fittest. The selective cutting of plantation forests is more like thinning when farmers plant crops. Only in this way can the nutrient area be expanded and diseased plants also be removed to ensure the healthy development of the forest areas. 28. What can be learned about Saihanba from the first three paragraphs? A. It is suffering from a cold wind. B. Its desertification is under control. C. It is weathering a sandstorm. D. Its climate is beyond expectation. 29. Which of the following best describes the watchmen? A. Bored but attentive. B. Simple but responsible. C. Tired but engaged. D. Lonely but committed. 30 What does the underlined word “thinning” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Making something more beautiful and attractive. B. Making something stronger and healthier. C. Making something less thick or dense. D. Making something more valuable and useful. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Golden Miracle B. The Sand Wasteland C. The Timber Farm D. The Green Guardian 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过塞罕坝从沙漠到绿洲的蜕变，展现中国生态治理的成就，强调护林员的坚守与科学管理的重要性。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“After more than half a century of forest plantation, people who have come to Saihanba can hardly imagine the arid (干旱) scene. Occasionally, a gust of wind passes by, and they would just sigh and shout how strong the wind is, but they would not feel sandblasted (喷砂).(经过半个多世纪的森林种植，来到塞罕坝的人几乎无法想象那里干旱的景象。偶尔，一阵风吹过，他们只是叹息，喊着风有多大，却不觉得被喷沙了)。”可知，沙漠化已被控制。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Only by enjoying loneliness can they keep this forest safe and sound. (只有享受孤独，他们才能守护森林。)”可知，护林员长期驻守瞭望塔，忍受孤独，体现了他们孤独但尽责。故选D。 【30题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段划线词后文“Only in this way can the nutrient area be expanded and diseased plants also be removed to ensure the healthy development of the forest areas.(只有这样，才能扩大营养面积，也才能清除病株，保证林区的健康发展。)”可知，这种方式可以清除病死的苗木，使树苗数量减少，由此可以推断“thinning”指减少树木的数量，选项C“Making something less thick or dense. (降低某物的厚度或密度。)”，与“减少数量”含义接近。故选C。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据首段“From Beijing, more than 400 kilometers away, all the way up north, the temperature gradually drops. (从北京向北400多公里，气温逐渐降低。随着防火预警的发布，被誉为“人间奇迹”的塞罕坝映入眼帘。)”及最后一段“Saihanba today is not only a “green Great Wall” for windbreak and sand fixation (固化), but also a timber (林木)source. (如今的塞罕坝不仅是防风固沙的“绿色长城”，也是重要的林木来源。)”可知，塞罕坝通过植树造林和护林员努力，从沙漠变为生态屏障，这里指护林员和森林都是绿色守护者。选项D“The Green Guardian (绿色卫士)”即可以指森林，也可以指护林员，一语双关，适合做标题。故选D。 （四） （2025年师大附中一模） D In the UK, there are about 12 million people suffering with hearing loss, and approximately 6.7 million could benefit from hearing aids. However, only about 2 million people use them. People with hearing loss may feel hearing aids are meant only for older people. They can feel a sense of embarrassment, ageing and lack of confidence when wearing them. Besides, some people have no confidence in hearing aids and believe they will not help, or will even make their hearing worse. Individuals sometimes believe they will be dependent on their hearing aids, thus choosing not to use them out of desire for independence. Therefore, people with hearing loss may turn to coping mechanisms such as excessively(过度地)turning the volume up on their TVs. In the UK, patients with hearing loss can obtain hearing aids free of charge through National Health Service(NHS). However, the choice of style, manufacturer and level of technology may be limited and can also involve lengthy waiting lists. There are a greater number of hearing aid options available in the private sector but these can sometimes be expensive, which can be a prohibitive factor for individuals. There are some negative perspectives about hearing aids, such as the appearance. Many people have the idea that hearing aids are huge and noticeable. However, there are many different types of hearing aids such as invisible ones in ear canals. The hearing aid selection is discussed with each individual at their hearing assessment, and the correct hearing aids are selected according to their level of hearing loss. There have been other advancements in technology such as rechargeable hearing aids. There is now wireless connectivity in many hearing aids, which enables hearing aids to be connected to mobile devices, tablets and televisions, allowing direct audio streaming into hearing aids. Undoubtedly, wearing hearing aids is very beneficial for well-being, allowing individuals to interact with others and hear better. All of the advancements in technology in the future mean the functionality and comfort of hearing aids will greatly increase, considerably improving the quality of life for more people with hearing loss. 32. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. What people with hearing loss should do. B. How older people respond to hearing aids. C. Why some people avoid using hearing aids. D. Whether hearing aids will affect independence. 33. Which of the following may prevent people getting hearing aids from NHS? A. The cost can be higher. B. Patients may have to wait for long. C. Many people have no access to the related policy. D. Some private sectors get hearing aids in advance. 34. What is mainly considered during the hearing aid selection process? A. The cost of the hearing aids. B. The individual’s personal preference. C. The individual’s specific hearing loss. D. The appearance of the hearing aids. 35. What can we expect of the hearing aids in the future? A. They will be connected to more devices. B. They will be made smaller and more fashionable. C. They will enable users to interact more with others. D. They will provide high-quality and better service for users. 【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国听力损失者使用助听器的情况及助听器的发展。 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第二段中“People with hearing loss may feel hearing aids are meant only for older people. They can feel a sense of embarrassment, ageing and lack of confidence when wearing them. Besides, some people have no confidence in hearing aids and believe they will not help, or will even make their hearing worse. Individuals sometimes believe they will be dependent on their hearing aids, thus choosing not to use them out of desire for independence. (有听力损失的人可能觉得助听器只适合老年人使用。他们在佩戴助听器时可能会感到尴尬、觉得自己变老了，并且缺乏自信。此外，有些人对助听器没有信心，认为它们不会起到帮助作用，甚至会使听力变得更差。有些人则认为他们会依赖助听器，因此出于对独立的渴望而选择不使用它们。)”可知，本段主要讲述了为什么有些人避免使用助听器。故选C。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“In the UK, patients with hearing loss can obtain hearing aids free of charge through National Health Service(NHS). However, the choice of style, manufacturer and level of technology may be limited and can also involve lengthy waiting lists. (在英国，有听力损失的患者可以通过国民保健服务（NHS）免费获得助听器。然而，助听器的款式、制造商和技术水平的选择可能有限，而且可能需要等待很长时间。)”可知，通过国民保健服务(NHS)获得助听器可能需要等待很长时间。故选B。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第四段中“The hearing aid selection is discussed with each individual at their hearing assessment, and the correct hearing aids are selected according to their level of hearing loss. (在听力评估时，会与每个人讨论助听器的选择，并根据他们的听力损失程度选择合适的助听器。)”可知，在选择助听器的过程中，主要考虑的是个人的具体听力损失。故选C。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“All of the advancements in technology in the future mean the functionality and comfort of hearing aids will greatly increase, considerably improving the quality of life for more people with hearing loss. (未来技术的所有进步都意味着助听器的功能和舒适度将大大提高，从而显著改善更多听力损失者的生活质量。)”可知，未来助听器将会为用户提供高质量和更好的服务。故选D。 （五） （2025年雅礼中学一模） B Black Myth: Wukong is one of the most highly anticipated Chinese video games ever, a premium title with a blockbuster- worthy budget that emphasizes the country’s push to become a global cultural power. The game’s release is a landmark moment for China’s gaming industry. It is considered China’s first “AAA” title, a big- budget, global game with sophisticated gameplay and advanced visuals. Within hours of its release, there were more than 1.5million people playing it on Steam, making it the No.1 game on the online platform. Black Myth: Wuhong is adapted from the16th- century Chinese classic novel Journey to the West. The game’s main character is inspired by Sun Wukong, also known as the Monkey King, who battles opponents with a magic iron bar. China’s video game industry is dominated by titles played on smartphones, not big- budget console (主机游戏) or PC games that are released globally. However, Black Myth: Wukong marks a shift as it is being initially released on Sony’s PlayStation 5 and personal computers. In recent years, the industry in China has faced significant challenges. The government has implemented strict regulations to control gaming due to concerns that children could become addicted and negatively influenced. For example, Beijing has introduced rules that prohibit young people from playing games online on school days and impose strict time limits on gaming during weekends and holidays. But the game’s launch lit up national pride. One Chinese media outlet noted that the game’s default language is Chinese and added, “It feels so good.” The global interest in the game also highlighted China’s push to exercise its “soft power.” The novel that it is based on is considered one of China’s four great classics. The game also depicts important cultural landmarks throughout China. “The success of Black Myth: Wukong is not only a victory for the gaming industry, but also an important milestone in the overseas expansion of Chinese culture,” Yangcheng Evening News, a state- owned newspaper, wrote in an article. 24. What do we know about Black Myth: Wukong? A. It focuses on basic gameplay elements. B. It shifts China’s gaming towards consoles. C. It features a world born of pure imagination. D. It acts as a landmark for adapting Chinese myth. 25. What challenge has China’s gaming industry faced recently? A. Insufficient budget for game development. B. Increasing popularity of smartphone games. C. China’s lack of emphasis on cultural soft power. D. Government measures to restrict youth gaming time. 26. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The game targets Western audience with its cultural themes. B. The game is a big step in showing Chinese culture worldwide. C. The game’s success is a way to boost China’s economic growth. D. The game strengthens national pride by highlighting Chinese culture. 27. What can be the best title of the text? A. Black Myth: Wukong as a Cultural Ambassador B. The Impact of Gaming Industry on China’s Youth C. The Impact of Gaming Industry on Chinese Culture D. Black Myth: Wukong’s Influence on Game Mechanics 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. B 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了主机游戏《黑神话：悟空》以及该游戏和中国文化之间的关系。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“China’s video game industry is dominated by titles played on smartphones, not big- budget console（主机游戏）or PC games that are released globally. However, Black Myth: Wukong marks a shift as it is being initially released on Sony’s PlayStation 5 and personal computers.(中国的电子游戏行业主要是在智能手机上玩的游戏，而不是在全球发行的大预算游戏机或PC游戏。然而，《黑神话：悟空》标志着一个转变，因为它最初是在索尼的PlayStation 5和个人电脑上发布的。)”可知，《黑神话:悟空》改变了中国的游戏平台。故选B项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“In recent years, the industry in China has faced significant challenges. The government has implemented strict regulations to control gaming due to concerns that children could become addicted and negatively influenced. For example, Beijing has introduced rules that prohibit young people from playing games online on school days and impose strict time limits on gaming during weekends and holidays.(近年来，中国的这个行业面临着巨大的挑战。政府已经实施了严格的规定来控制游戏，因为担心孩子们可能会上瘾并产生负面影响。例如，北京出台了规定，禁止年轻人在上学期间玩网络游戏，并对周末和节假日的游戏时间进行了严格限制。)”可知，中国游戏产业最近面临的挑战是政府限制青少年玩游戏的时间。故选D项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““The success of Black Myth: Wukong is not only a victory for the gaming industry, but also an important milestone in the overseas expansion of Chinese culture,” Yangcheng Evening News, a state- owned newspaper, wrote in an article.(“《黑神话:悟空》的成功不仅是游戏行业的胜利，也是中国文化海外扩张的一个重要里程碑，”国有报纸《羊城晚报》在一篇文章中写道。)”可知，这个游戏是向世界展示中国文化的一大步。故选B项。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了主机游戏《黑神话：悟空》以及该游戏和中国文化之间的关系，所以用A项“Black Myth: Wukong as a Cultural Ambassador(文化大使——《黑神话：悟空》)。”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选A项。 （六） （2025年雅礼中学一模） D Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a role in our life. When it comes to playing games like chess, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of humans. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. We are blessed with a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life — to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball — we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people's minds. In psychology, the ability to infer another’s mental state is referred to as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity develops at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Besides, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think. But we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 32. According to the passage,which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A. When asked where an object is, a naughty kid points in the wrong direction. B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework, he answers “my dog ate it”. C. When you are treated with a hotpot for dinner, you reply “a sore throat”. D. When a mom tells her kid milk is good for health, the kid drinks it up. 33. Which statement will the author agree with most about theory of mind? A. Humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect. B. Humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent. C. AI’s theory of mind development has been totally decoded. D. Shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI. 34. What is the author’s attitude toward truly self-aware machines? A. Ambiguous. B. Conservative. C. Skeptical. D. Approving. 35. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI’s Theory of Mind Will Define Our Future B. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected C. AI’s Theory of Mind — a Blessing or Suffering to Humans D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI 【答案】32. D 33. B 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI在心智理论发展中的挑战及其对人类沟通信任的影响。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“We are blessed with a mysterious ability to reason the goals,desires and beliefs of others,a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life — to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball — we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds.(我们拥有着一种神秘的能力，可以推理出他人的目标、欲望和信念，这是一种至关重要的技能，使我们能够预判他人的行动以及我们自身行为的后果。如果要让人工智能在日常生活中真正发挥作用——与我们有效协作，或是理解孩子可能会因为追一个弹跳的球而跑到马路上——我们必须赋予它们这种通过进化赐予我们的、解读他人想法的能力)”可知，AI不具备人类推理出他人的目标、欲望和信念的能力。由此可推知，“当妈妈告诉孩子牛奶对健康有益时，孩子就把它喝光了”不涉及推理，AI可以轻松理解。故选D。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think.(将先验知识植入人工智能会使它依赖于我们对心智理论这种不完美的理解。此外，人工智能或许能够发展出我们完全无法想象的方法。可能存在许多形式的心智理论，而我们之所以不了解它们，仅仅是因为我们生而为人，具有特定类型的感官和特定的思考能力)”可知，人类在一定程度上限制了AI的思维理论，作者最有可能同意这个观点。故选B。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“But we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind.(但我们可能仍然希望人工智能有一种更像人类的心理理论形式)”以及最后一段的“It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines.Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen.But along the way thinking about other people and other agents,we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.(这也是通往人工智能和机器人研究更深目标的垫脚石：建造真正具备自我意识的机器。我们是否能够最终达到这一目标还有待观察。但在这一过程中，通过思考其他人和其他主体，我们正走在学会反思自我的道路上)”可推知，作者支持开发具有心智理论的AI， 期待建造真正有自我意识的机器。故选D。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a role in our life.When it comes to playing games like chess,or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures,computers are well ahead of humans.But we have one superpower they aren't close to mastering:mind reading.(超人级别的人工智能已经在我们的生活中发挥了作用。无论是下棋游戏，还是解决像预测蛋白质结构这样复杂的科学挑战，计算机的表现都远远超过了人类。但我们拥有一种它们尚未接近掌握的超能力：读心术)”以及最后一段的“It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines.Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen.But along the way thinking about other people and other agents,we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.(这也是通往人工智能和机器人研究更深目标的垫脚石：建造真正具备自我意识的机器。我们是否能够最终达到这一目标还有待观察。但在这一过程中，通过思考其他人和其他主体，我们正走在学会反思自我的道路上)可知，文章主要探讨了超人人工智能虽在特定任务上超越人类，但在“读心术”（理解他人意图）方面仍显不足，强调了为AI赋予类似人类的“心智理论”能力的重要性及其挑战。所以“人工智能有望拥有自己的心智理论”适合作本文的标题。故选B。 （七） （2025年长沙第一中学一模） C The Sahara Desert is unsurprisingly seen as a wasteland. But actually there is a variety of life forms, according to André Vicente Liz, a doctoral candidate at the University of Porto in Portugal, who led a study exploring Saharan animal species. In the desert, cold-blooded creatures grow well because their body temperatures adjust to the temperature of their surroundings as they move from intense sunlight into cool underground holes. Liz has observed many small lizard (蜥蜴) species along with snakes, beetles, ants, and even frogs. Besides them, antelopes, camels, cheetahs and desert foxes are just some of the warm-blooded animals that can survive in the Sahara. But what leads to the vast biodiversity of the Sahara? One factor is the big changes in the desert’s climate. About 6,000 years ago, there was abundant rainfall in certain areas of the Sahara. Grasslands and lakes made ideal living places for animals and humans. Due to climate changes, the grasslands changed to a desert later, which made it impossible for humans to exist there. However, many animals still survived there. Another one is its diverse landscapes. There are some areas, such as rock pools known as “gueltas”, where biodiversity is especially high because they act as shelter for species that have to flee from their habitats due to a sudden, intolerable change in weather. In the face of climate change, Liz and his colleagues are studying “gueltas” closely to find out what makes them good spots for survival. “These areas are known as gathering places for biodiversity and are especially interesting for conservation planning in the current context of climate emergency, where they can play a key role in supporting various species,” Liz said. Deserts may seem lifeless, but in fact many species have developed special ways to survive in the tough environments. 28. What did Liz find about the Sahara Desert? A. It is home to diverse creatures. B. It has rows of underground holes. C. It is experiencing a great change in climate. D. It has a longer history than previously thought. 29. Why can “gueltas” act as shelter? A. They are abundant in life forms. B. They are usually near animals’ habitats. C. They are less affected by climate change. D. They are rock pools with high biodiversity. 30. What does André Vicente Liz probably think of studying “gueltas”? A. Boring. B. Meaningful. C. Challenging. D. Creative. 31. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? A. ①-②③-④⑤ B. ①②③-④⑤ C. ①-②-③④-⑤ D. ①②-③④⑤ 【答案】28. A 29. C 30. B 31. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。沙漠虽然看起来是不适合生物生存的不毛之地，但实际上却生活着多种多样的动物，文章分析了其背后的原因。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But actually there is a variety of life forms, according to André Vicente Liz, a doctoral candidate at the University of Porto in Portugal, who led a study exploring Saharan animal species.(但葡萄牙波尔图大学的博士生André Vicente Liz表示，沙漠中实际上存在着多种生命形式，他领导了一项探索撒哈拉动物物种的研究)”可知，Liz在对撒哈拉沙漠的研究中发现这里生活着许多生物，与A选项描述相符。故选A。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“There are some areas, such as rock pools known as “gueltas”, where biodiversity is especially high because they act as shelter for species that have to flee from their habitats due to a sudden, intolerable change in weather.(在某些地区，比如被称为“gueltas”的岩池，生物多样性特别高，因为它们是许多物种的庇护所，这些物种由于天气突如其来、无法忍受的变化而不得不逃离栖息地)”和“These areas are known as gathering places for biodiversity and are especially interesting for conservation planning in the current context of climate emergency, where they can play a key role in supporting various species.(这些地区被称为生物多样性的聚集地，在当前气候变化的紧急情况下，对于保护规划来说尤其有趣，它们可以在支持物种多样性方面发挥关键作用)”可知，名为gueltas的岩池之所以能成为生物的庇护所，就在于它们相比其他地区更不容易受到气候变化的影响。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中引述Liz的原话“These areas are known as gathering places for biodiversity and are especially interesting for conservation planning in the current context of climate emergency, where they can play a key role in supporting various species(这些地区被称为生物多样性的聚集地，在当前气候变化的紧急情况下，对于保护规划来说尤其有趣，它们可以在支持物种多样性方面发挥关键作用)”可知，Liz和同事对所谓的gueltas地区进行研究，是因为这些地区对于保护生物多样性十分重要，显然他觉得这些研究是有意义的。故选B。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。浏览全文，文章在首段先以“But actually there is a variety of life forms(但事实上撒哈拉沙漠中有各种各样的生物形式)”给出了文章主题，即点明撒哈拉沙漠其实是许多物种的栖息地；第二段则列举出大量的物种作为事实，并在最后一句“But what leads to the vast biodiversity of the Sahara?(但是是什么使得撒哈拉沙漠中生物如此多样呢)”设问引出下文对原因的阐述；第三段“One factor is the big changes in the desert’s climate(一个因素是沙漠的气候发生了巨大改变)”和第四段“Another one is its diverse landscapes(另一个因素则是沙漠中多样化的环境)”分别就两方面因素做出了详细解释；最后一段“Deserts may seem lifeless, but in fact many species have developed special ways to survive in the tough environments.(沙漠可能看起来毫无生气，但实际上有许多物种都发展出了在这样艰难的环境下生存的特殊方法)”则做了总结，呼应首段点出的主题。文章结构与C选项相符。故选C。 （八） （2025年长沙第一中学一模） D Have you ever worried that you might smell bad? Well, you do have a smell, but not in the way you think. The human body releases hundreds of chemical compounds into the air every day, and these compounds reveal much more than just our health habits; they can also indicate our health situations. In 1971, chemist Linus Pauling identified 250 different gaseous chemicals in our breath, known as VOCs. These VOCs originate from the body’s metabolic (新陈代谢) processes and are excreted (排泄) through skin glands. While sweat contributes to these VOCs, it only accounts for a small portion of them. VOCs can reveal a lot about our health. For example, a sweet-smelling breath could be a sign of diabetes. Besides breath, VOCs are also released from our skin, and feces (粪便). A notable case involved Joy Milne, who noticed a change in her husband’s smell 12 years before he was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Known as “the woman who can smell Parkinson’s,” Joy has been using her keen sense of smell to help scientists develop a simple swab (拭子) test to diagnose the illnesses. Animals with advanced sense of smell, like dogs, have demonstrated they can detect various types of cancer in humans. Although these smells are often undetectable to the human nose, they provide evidence that our bodies emit different smells when something is wrong. The relationship between VOCs and our health is still being studied. Studies have already shown that they can predict a person’s age within a few years based on their skin VOC profile. In one interview, Professor Morin stated, “We are at a relatively early stage in this research area, but we have already distinguished males from females based on the acidity of skin VOCs. We believe skin VOCs can reveal aspects of who we are, such as nutrition, health and stress. These signatures likely contain markers that can be used to diagnose disease.” So, who knows — maybe one day we will be able to detect diseases simply by breathing into a device. 32. What do we know about the VOCs according to the text? A. Skin VOCs reveal more about our health conditions. B. The VOCs mostly come from sweat. C. VOCs only released from our skin can indicate health status. D. Our body’s metabolic processes are the source of VOCs. 33. Why does the author mention animals in Paragraph 4? A. To show the amazing wisdom of animals. B. To stress we must depend on pets more to detect cancer. C. To explain VOCs have the capability to cure cancers. D. To highlight VOCs’ potential as diagnostic markers. 34. What future technology might arise from the understanding of VOCs? A. Equipment that can analyze VOCs to diagnose diseases. B. Devices that can breathe out disease-causing VOCs. C. Advanced facilities that can use VOCs to cure diseases. D. Personalized perfumes that can mask disease-related VOCs. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Morin’s Contributions to VOCs B. The Function of Sweat in Our Health C. Detecting Diseases Through Body Smells D. Body Smell Resulting in Diseases 【答案】32. D 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了人体释放的VOCs与健康状况之间的关系，解释了这些化学物质的来源、它如何揭示健康信息，以及科研人员如何利用这些信息探索疾病诊断的可能性。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“These VOCs originate from the body’s metabolic(新陈代谢)processes and are excreted(排泄)through skin glands. (这些挥发性有机化合物来源于人体的代谢过程，并通过皮肤腺体排出体外。)”可知，我们身体的代谢过程是这些发挥性有机化合物的来源。故选D。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Animals with advanced sense of smell, like dogs, have demonstrated they can detect various types of cancer in humans. Although these smells are often undetectable to the human nose, they provide evidence that our bodies emit different smells when something is wrong.(具有高级嗅觉的动物，如狗，已经证明它们可以检测出人类的各种癌症。虽然这些气味通常是人的鼻子无法察觉的，但它们提供了证据，表明我们的身体在出现问题时会发出不同的气味。)”可知，作者提到像狗这样的动物是为了强调VOCs作为疾病诊断标记的潜力，因为这些动物能够嗅出人类身上的不同疾病，说明VOCs确实携带了与健康相关的信息。故选D。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So, who knows — maybe one day we will be able to detect diseases simply by breathing into a device. (所以，谁知道呢——也许有一天我们可以通过对着一个设备呼吸来检测疾病。)”可知，未来可能产生的技术是能够分析VOCs来诊断疾病的设备。故选A。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The human body releases hundreds of chemical compounds into the air every day, and these compounds reveal much more than just our health habits; they can also indicate our health situations. (人体每天向空气中释放数百种化合物，这些化合物揭示的不仅仅是我们的健康习惯；它们也可以表明我们的健康状况。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要围绕着人体释放的VOCs如何反映健康状况，并有可能成为疾病诊断的工具这一主题展开。因此合适的标题为“Detecting Diseases through Body Smells”。故选C。 （九） （2025年长郡中学一模） C Chinese scientists have created starch (淀粉), a type of complex carbohydrate found in plants, using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity. Experts say if such technique can be scaled-up (大规模) to the level of industrialization, it may revolutionize how this key nutrient and industrial ingredient is made, since it does not require farming and processing a large quantity of starchy crops such as sweet potatoes and corn, thus saving more water, fertilizer, and arable land. It may also be used to recycle carbon dioxide into a consumable product. This will help reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change, especially if the electricity used is from renewable sources like solar and wind. In space exploration it may provide a sustainable food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space and try to colonize other planets where growing food is impossible. Future space travelers may simply turn the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food they eat. Ma Yanhe, the director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, says starch and other complex carbohydrates make up 60 to 80 percent of the human diet. “Our breakthrough demonstrates that creating a complex compound like starch is achievable in a lab, and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology,” he says. Plants create carbohydrates like starch through photosynthesis (光合作用), which is an extremely complex process, says Ma, adding that it will take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into starch. Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, says for six years, his team has been focusing on a single project: how to make starch, but do it at a higher speed. He says their method involves first converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas into methanol (甲醇). Scientists then piece these single-carbon molecules like a puzzle into bigger and more complex molecules via enzymatic (酶的) processes. With the help of supercomputing Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch making process from about 60 into 11 steps and produced starch. Thellab-made starch is chemically identical to starch in nature. 28. Which is NOT a potential benefit if the technique can be used on an industrial level? A. It will have a positive influence on climate change. B. It will help produce renewable resources such as solar and wind. C. It will offer a practical food solution for astronauts. D. It will help save several sources from water to farming land. 29. Which might be the biggest difficulty in creating the lab-made starch? A. Making starch faster. B. Collecting enough raw materials. C. Repeating the photosynthesis of plants. D. Involving methanol in the making process. 30. What’s the best title for the passage? A. Starch, an important complex carbohydrate. B. The great benefits of starch. C. Chinese scientists successfully turn carbon dioxide into starch. D. Chinese scientists make contributions to climate change. 31. In which part of a newspaper could you most probably read the text? A. Science. B. Lifestyle. C. Environment. D. Health. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国科学家利用二氧化碳、氢气和电力制造淀粉的技术突破及其对环境、食品生产和太空探索的潜在影响。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Experts say if such technique can be scaled-up (大规模) to the level of industrialization, it may revolutionize how this key nutrient and industrial ingredient is made, since it does not require farming and processing a large quantity of starchy crops such as sweet potatoes and corn, thus saving more water, fertilizer, and arable land.(专家表示，如果这种技术能够大规模推广到工业化水平，它可能会彻底改变这种关键营养素和工业原料的生产方式，因为这不需要种植和加工大量的淀粉类作物，如红薯和玉米，从而节省更多的水资源、肥料和耕地)”可知，该技术在工业化水平上的潜在好处包括节约水资源、肥料和耕地，D选项正确；根据第三段中“This will help reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change, especially if the electricity used is from renewable sources like solar and wind.(这将有助于减少碳排放并对抗气候变化，特别是当所使用的电力来自太阳能和风能等可再生能源时)”可知，该技术对气候变化有积极影响，A选项正确；根据第四段中“In space exploration it may provide a sustainable food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space and try to colonize other planets where growing food is impossible.(在太空探索中，它可能为宇航员提供一种可持续的食物来源，使他们在进行长途太空旅行及尝试殖民其他无法种植食物的星球时得到补给)”可知，该技术可以为宇航员提供实际的食物解决方案，C选项正确。而B选项“它将有助于生产可再生能源，如太阳能和风能”并不是该技术工业化水平的潜在好处，原文中第三段中提到“This will help reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change, especially if the electricity used is from renewable sources like solar and wind.(这将有助于减少碳排放并对抗气候变化，特别是当所使用的电力来自太阳能和风能等可再生能源时)”，是说如果使用的电力来自可再生能源，将有助于减少碳排放和对抗气候变化，而不是说该技术本身会生产可再生能源。因此，B选项不是该技术可能带来的潜在好处。故选B。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, says for six years, his team has been focusing on a single project: how to make starch, but do it at a higher speed.(该研究的第一作者之一蔡涛说，六年来，他的团队一直专注于一个项目：如何制造淀粉，但速度更快)”和最后一段中“With the help of supercomputing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch making process from about 60 into 11 steps and produced starch.(在超级计算的帮助下，中国科学家将天然淀粉的制造过程从大约60个步骤简化为11个步骤，并生产出淀粉)”可推知，团队六年专注于提高制造淀粉的速度，将自然生产淀粉的60步简化为人工合成淀粉的11步，可推知制造实验室合成淀粉最大的困难可能是更快制造淀粉。故选A。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。文章开篇便指出“Chinese scientists have created starch (淀粉), a type of complex carbohydrate found in plants, using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity.(中国科学家利用二氧化碳、氢气和电合成了淀粉，这是一种在植物中发现的复杂碳水化合物)”，后文围绕该技术的工业化可能带来的变革、对环境的益处、在太空探索中的作用以及制造过程等方面展开论述，即文章主要描述了中国科学家成功地将二氧化碳转化为淀粉这一成就及其潜在的应用前景。故C选项“Chinese scientists successfully turn carbon dioxide into starch.(中国科学家成功地将二氧化碳转化为淀粉)”准确地概括了文章的核心内容，是文章的最佳标题。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了中国科学家在制造淀粉方面的科学技术，包括制造淀粉所使用的原料、制造过程、技术的优势以及可能的应用领域等，这些内容都属于科学范畴。因此，这篇文章可能出现在报纸的“科学”部分。故选A。 （十） （2025年长郡中学一模） D Debate about artificial intelligence (AI) tends to focus on its potential dangers: algorithmic bias (算法偏见) and discrimination, the mass destruction of jobs and even, some say, the extinction of humanity. However, others are focusing on the potential rewards. Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbocharge scientific progress and lead to a golden age of discovery. Could they be right? Such claims are worth examining, and may provide a useful counterbalance to fears about large-scale unemployment and killer robots. Many previous technologies have, of course, been falsely hailed as panaceas (万灵药). But the mechanism by which AI will supposedly solve the world’s problems has a stronger historical basis. In the 17th century microscopes and telescopes opened up new vistas of discovery and encouraged researchers to favor their own observations over the received wisdom of antiquity (古代), while the introduction of scientific journals gave them new ways to share and publicize their findings. Then, starting in the late 19th century, the establishment of research laboratories, which brought together ideas, people and materials on an industrial scale, gave rise to further innovations. From the mid-20th century, computers in turn enabled new forms of science based on simulation and modelling. All this is to be welcomed. But the journal and the laboratory went further still: they altered scientific practice itself and unlocked more powerful means of making discoveries, by allowing people and ideas to mingle in new ways and on a larger scale. AI, too, has the potential to set off such a transformation. Two areas in particular look promising. The first is “literature-based discovery” (LBD), which involves analyzing existing scientific literature, using ChatGPT-style language analysis, to look for new hypotheses, connections or ideas that humans may have missed. The second area is “robot scientists”. These are robotic systems that use AI to form new hypotheses, based on analysis of existing data and literature, and then test those hypotheses by performing hundreds or thousands of experiments, in fields including systems biology and materials science. Unlike human scientists, robots are less attached to previous results, less driven by bias—and, crucially, easy to replicate. They could scale up experimental research, develop unexpected theories and explore avenues that human investigators might not have considered. The idea is therefore feasible. But the main barrier is sociological: it can happen only if human scientists are willing and able to use such tools. Governments could help by pressing for greater use of common standards to allow AI systems to exchange and interpret laboratory results and other data. They could also fund more research into the integration of AI smarts with laboratory robotics, and into forms of AI beyond those being pursued in the private sector. Less fashionable forms of AI, such as model-based machine learning, may be better suited to scientific tasks such as forming hypotheses. 32. Regarding Demis and Yann’s viewpoint, the author is likely to be ______. A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful 33. What can we learn from the passage? A. LBD focuses on testing the reliability of ever-made hypotheses. B. Resistance to AI prevents the transformation of scientific practice. C. Robot scientists form hypotheses without considering previous studies. D. Both journals and labs need adjustments in promoting scientific findings. 34. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Official standards have facilitated the exchange of data. B Performing scientific tasks relies on government funding. C. Less popular AI forms might be worth paying attention to. D. The application of AI in public sector hasn’t been launched. 35. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Transforming Science. How Can AI Help? B. Making Breakthroughs. What Is AI’s Strength? C. Reshaping History. How May AI Develop Further? D. Redefining Discovery. How Can AI Overcome Its Weakness? 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能可以改变科学实践，以及人工智能是如何帮助改变科学实践的。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbocharge scientific progress and lead to a golden age of discovery.(Demis Hassabis和Yann LeCun等该领域的杰出人物相信人工智能可以推动科学进步并引领发现的黄金时代)”和第二段中“Such claims are worth examining, and may provide a useful counterbalance to fears about large-scale unemployment and killer robots. Many previous technologies have, of course, been falsely hailed as panaceas (万灵药). But the mechanism by which AI will supposedly solve the world’s problems has a stronger historical basis.(这些说法值得研究，并且可能为人们对大规模失业和杀手机器人的担忧提供有用的平衡。当然，许多以前的技术被错误地誉为万灵药。但人工智能解决世界问题的机制有着更强有力的历史基础)”可知，作者认为Demis和Yann的观点值得研究，且认为人工智能解决世界问题的机制有着更强有力的历史基础。由此推知，作者可能支持Demis和Yann的观点——人工智能可以推动科学进步并引领发现的黄金时代。故选A。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“But the journal and the laboratory went further still: they altered scientific practice itself and unlocked more powerful means of making discoveries, by allowing people and ideas to mingle in new ways and on a larger scale. AI, too, has the potential to set off such a transformation.(但该杂志和实验室走得更远：它们改变了科学实践本身，并通过允许人和思想以新的方式和更大规模的融合，开启了更强大的发现手段。人工智能也有可能引发这样的转变)”可知，人工智能能引起科学实践的改变。由此推知，对人工智能的抵制阻碍科学实践的转变。故选B。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Less fashionable forms of AI, such as model-based machine learning, may be better suited to scientific tasks such as forming hypotheses.(如基于模型的机器学习这种不太流行的人工智能形式，可能更适合科学任务，例如形成假设)”可知，不太流行的人工智能形式，可能更适合科学任务。由此推知，不太流行的人工智能形式可能值得关注。故选C。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。通读第一段到第四段，尤其是第一段中“Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbocharge scientific progress and lead to a golden age of discovery.(Demis Hassabis和 Yann LeCun等该领域的杰出人物相信人工智能可以推动科学进步并引领发现的黄金时代) ”和第四段中“AI, too, has the potential to set off such a transformation.(人工智能也有可能引发这样的转变)”可知，前四段指出人工智能可以实现科学时间的转变，接着根据第五段中“Two areas in particular look promising.(有两个领域看起来尤其有希望)”可知，第五段介绍了人工智能从两个领域改变科学实践，最后一段总结人工智能改变科学实践是可行的。由此可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能是如何帮助改变科学的。A项“改变科学。人工智能有何帮助？”适合作文章标题。故选A。 （十一） （2025年永州一模） C The Oceans in Depth series from the University of Chicago Press aims to place “the ocean at the center of our narratives (叙述) about the past.” Wilko Graf von Hardenberg’s new book on the history of sea level, Sea Level: A History, is no different. In it, von Hardenberg, a historian of the environment and science, describes the pursuit of a standardized definition of sea level through the history of geology, oceanography, hydrography and coastal engineering. What emerges is a slim volume that raises big questions about the nature of global science in the modern age. The book is divided into two major sections. The first three chapters tell the history of debates surrounding the development of a standardized mean sea level. These take the reader from early German mathematical theories of sea level subsidence (下沉) through the debates about geological and oceanographic processes. In the next section, von Hardenberg shows how the development of standard ideas of sea level became a basis for scientific and public debates about the history and future of shifting coastlines. The final chapter brings the discussion into the present, with a chapter devoted to current debates about sea level. One of the most interesting clues in the book is related to technology. The making of an international mean required the standardization of measurement technologies. According to the author,“ the history of the assessment of sea level is part of a broader development toward the reform and unification of reference points and metrics.” This history includes tracing (追溯) instrumentation from barometry (气压测定法) to tide gauges (测量仪器) and satellites. Technology is not replaced, reveals von Hardenberg. New methods develop, built upon the infrastructure of older technologies still being used. For instance, the first self-registering (自动记录的) tidal gauge was equipped at the Sheerness, England, dockyard in 1831, and up to a third of all gauging stations throughout Europe still used simple scaled gauges in 1890. Sea Level is a powerful reminder that examining the history of scientific values can shed light on both the structure of modern science and its impact on the near future. This book is well written, and informative without using any unnecessary words and it is a strong example of what ocean history has to offer. 8. Why does the author mention the Oceans in Depth series in Paragraph 1? A. To define sea level. B. To introduce the topic. C. To give examples of ocean history. D. To compare the contents of the books. 9. What is presented in the first section of the book ? A. The future of shifting coastlines. B. The influence of sea level subsidence. C. The basis for scientific and public debates. D. The debates about geological and oceanographic processes. 10. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The highlight of the book. B. The progress of technology. C The application of old technology. D. The background of writing the book. 11. What does the author of the passage like about Sea Level? A. Its humorous tone. B. Its brief language. C. Its writing structure. D. Its traditional perspective. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了Wilko Graf von Hardenberg的新书《Sea Level: A History》。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The Oceans in Depth series from the University of Chicago Press aims to place“ the ocean at the center of our narratives (叙述) about the past.” Wilko Graf von Hardenberg’s new book on the history of sea level, Sea Level: A History, is no different.(芝加哥大学出版社的《Oceans in Depth》系列旨在将“海洋置于我们对过去叙述的中心”。威尔科·格拉夫·冯·哈登伯格关于海平面历史的新书《Sea Level: A History》也不例外。)”可知，提到Oceans in Depth系列是为了引出话题，介绍Wilko Graf von Hardenberg的新书《Sea Level: A History》。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The first three chapters tell the history of debates surrounding the development of a standardized mean sea level. These take the reader from early German mathematical theories of sea level subsidence (下沉) through the debates about geological and oceanographic processes.(前三章讲述了围绕标准化平均海平面发展的争论历史。这些书将读者从早期德国关于海平面下沉的数学理论带到了关于地质和海洋学过程的辩论中)”可知，书的第一部分呈现出了地质和海洋过程的辩论。故选D项。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“One of the most interesting clues in the book is related to technology. The making of an international mean required the standardization of measurement technologies. According to the author,“ the history of the assessment of sea level is part of a broader development toward the reform and unification of reference points and metrics.” This history includes tracing (追溯) instrumentation from barometry (气压测定法) to tide gauges (测量仪器) and satellites.(书中最有趣的线索之一与技术有关。国际均价的制定需要计量技术的标准化。根据作者的说法，“海平面评估的历史是朝着改革和统一参考点和度量的更广泛发展的一部分。”这段历史包括跟踪从气压计到潮汐计和卫星的仪器。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了书中关于技术的亮点。故选A项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“This book is well written, and informative without using any unnecessary words and it is a strong example of what ocean history has to offer.(这本书写得很好，内容丰富，没有使用任何不必要的词汇，它是海洋历史所提供的一个强有力的例子)”可知，作者认为Sea Level语言简洁。故选B项。 （十二） （2025年永州一模） D Recent discoveries published in Science Advances have revealed a native plant gene that enables researchers to more effortlessly control the attractive glow of bioluminescent (生物发光的) plants. This gene, which varies across different plant species, allows for the redirection of living energy into organic light, offering a natural source of lighting for homes, gardens, and beyond. The study received support from Light Bio, a pioneer in the development of bioluminescent plants, which is dedicated to promoting greater connection and enjoyment of plants through the delightful appeal of living light. The latest research builds upon earlier findings. Prior approaches for creating bioluminescent plants involved including five genes obtained from fungi (菌类). In the new findings, a single gene native to plants can effectively replace two of the fungal genes. The plant gene’s smaller size and simpler biological requirements enhance its functionality for diverse applications. The smaller gene plays a vital role, acting as a bridge between plant metabolism (新陈代谢) and light production. This connection allows the plant’s inner dynamics to be translated into a constantly changing view of natural light. Bioluminescent plants have gained huge popularity among the public. Light Bio recently began taking orders for a bioluminescent petunia (矮牵牛花) under the brand Firefly TM Petunia, which is selling fast. The company selected the petunia as its first offering due to its popularity as a decorative plant. It recently announced that their plants glow up to 100 times brighter than previously possible, with the petunia standing out as the brightest. Known for their ease of being planted and flowering, petunias make an ideal choice for this innovative enhancement. In partnership with Ginkgo Bioworks, Light Bio envisions future plants to be at least ten times brighter, with an expanded range of varieties and colors. Beyond the sheer delight these glowing plants provide, the foundational science offers great insights into plant molecular physiology (分子生理学). The cooperative teams are confident that discoveries from this research will lead to significant progress in essential fields such as crop development and disease resistance. 12. What is the function of the gene native to plants? A. It makes an artificial source available. B. It redirects living energy into colorful light. C. It remains unchanged across different plant species. D. It helps keep the glow of bioluminescent under control. 13. What can be known from paragraph 2? A. A gene native to plants is equal to a fungal gene. B. Present approaches include five genes from fungi. C. Light Bio takes the lead in the study of tree plants. D. Early findings lay a foundation for the latest research. 14. What contributes to the petunia’s being selected as the first offering? A. Its inadequate brightness. B. Its easily being grown. C. Its function of decoration. D. Its creative way of flowering. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Native Genes Make Glowing Plants B. Glowing Plants Gain More Popularity C. New Advances Help Grow Glowing Plants D. Discoveries Promote Progress in Essential Fields 【答案】12. D 13. D 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在生物发光植物领域的新研究进展。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Recent discoveries published in Science Advances have revealed a native plant gene that enables researchers to more effortlessly control the attractive glow of bioluminescent (生物发光的) plants. (最近发表在《科学进展》上的发现揭示了一种天然植物基因，使研究人员能够更轻松地控制生物发光植物的迷人光芒。)”可知，这种基因的功能是帮助控制生物发光植物的光芒。故选D项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The latest research builds upon earlier findings. (最新的研究建立在早期发现的基础上。)”可知，最新的研究是基于早期的发现。故选D项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Known for their ease of being planted and flowering, petunias make an ideal choice for this innovative enhancement. (牵牛花以其易于种植和开花而闻名，是这种创新增强功能的理想选择。)”可知，矮牵牛花被选为首个产品是因为它容易种植。故选B项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Recent discoveries published in Science Advances have revealed a native plant gene that enables researchers to more effortlessly control the attractive glow of bioluminescent (生物发光的) plants. (最近发表在《科学进展》上的发现揭示了一种天然植物基因，使研究人员能够更轻松地控制生物发光植物的迷人光芒。)”，第二段中“In the new findings, a single gene native to plants can effectively replace two of the fungal genes. (在新发现中，植物原生的单个基因可以有效地替代其中两个真菌基因。)”，第三段中“Bioluminescent plants have gained huge popularity among the public. Light Bio recently began taking orders for a bioluminescent petunia (矮牵牛花) under the brand Firefly TM Petunia, which is selling fast. (生物发光植物在公众中广受欢迎。Light Bio 最近开始接受Firefly TM Petunia的生物发光牵牛花的订单，该矮牵牛花销售迅速。)”以及最后一段中“In partnership with Ginkgo Bioworks, Light Bio envisions future plants to be at least ten times brighter, with an expanded range of varieties and colors. (通过与Ginkgo Bioworks合作，Light Bio设想未来的植物亮度至少增加十倍，品种和颜色范围将扩大。)”可知，本文主要讲述了新发现对种植发光指物的有利影响，C项“New Advances Help Grow Glowing Plants (新进展有助于种植发光植物)”最能概括全文，故选C项。 （十三） （2025年娄底一模） B A University of Exeter PhD student has used artificial intelligence to throw new light on the behaviour of bees. Daniel Chalk developed the computer model to understand the potential for bees to crosspollinate (异花传粉) between GM (转基因的) and non-GM crops. The first of its kind in the world, the study focuses on the foraging (觅食) behaviour of bees over a large area. It suggests that the potential for bees to affect crops through crosspollination is very limited. There has been concern over cross-pollination from GM crops and because there is very little evidence of how bees move between fields, policy-makers have not been able to properly address the issue. A PhD student in the School of Biosciences and School of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Daniel hopes his research will help shape future policies around GM crops in the UK and Europe. He also believes his model could help with bee conservation, which is becoming an increasingly important issue because of bee decline. We now have a good understanding of the ways in which bees move between plants but researching the movement of bees between fields has proved very difficult. This is the first study to successfully simulate (模拟) the foraging behaviour of bees across a large area. Daniel Chalk said: “By creating a kind of ‘virtual bee’, I have been able to show for the first time how bees move over large areas, across and between fields. My research has shown that bees are very efficient foragers and so will travel long distances only if they really need to.” He continued: “While the purpose of this study was to look at the potential for crosspollination from GM crops, the findings may also help with the massive bee conservation effort now underway. The model I use can help identify areas that promote bee activity.” Daniel calls his model HARVEST, which is based on the principle that bees learn from trial and error and quickly learn which areas are worth returning to and which are not. 24. What is Daniel’s study mainly about? A. The conservation of bees in large areas. B. The potential for bees to pollinate plants. C. The movement of bees between plants. D. The movement of bees across a large area. 25. Why does Daniel call the bees a kind of “virtual bee”? A. They are created with an AI tool. B. They are well known on the Internet. C. Their behaviour is determined by AI. D. Their ability to cross-pollinate depends on AI. 26. What is the most probable reason that bees rarely travel long distances? A. They are not adapted to GM crops. B. They can only travel a short distance. C. They know how to save time and energy. D. They are good at learning from trial and error. 27. How does Daniel’s model help with bee conservation? A. By recognizing bees’ potential. B. By affecting bees’ foraging behaviour. C. By promoting cross-pollination. D. By detecting bee-friendly environments. 【答案】24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了埃克塞特大学博士生Daniel Chalk利用人工智能研究蜜蜂行为，为转基因作物异花传粉及蜜蜂保护提供新见解。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The first of its kind in the world, the study focuses on the foraging behaviour of bees over a large area.(这项研究是世界上首个此类研究，重点关注蜜蜂在大片区域内的觅食行为)”可知，Daniel的研究主要是关于蜜蜂在大片区域内的移动。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“By creating a kind of “virtual bee”, I have been able to show for the first time how bees move over large areas, across and between fields.(通过创建一种“虚拟蜜蜂”，我第一次能够展示蜜蜂如何在大片区域、田野之间和田野内部移动)”可知，Daniel称蜜蜂为“虚拟蜜蜂”是因为这些蜜蜂是用人工智能工具创建的。故选A。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“My research has shown that bees are very efficient foragers and so will travel long distances only if they really need to.(我的研究表明，蜜蜂是非常高效的觅食者，因此只有在真正需要时才会长途旅行)”可推知，蜜蜂很少长途旅行最可能的原因是它们知道如何节省时间和精力。故选C。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The model I use can help identify areas that promote bee activity.(我使用的模型可以帮助识别促进蜜蜂活动的区域)”可推知，Daniel的模型通过检测对蜜蜂友好的环境来帮助蜜蜂保护。故选D。 （十四） （2025年常德一模） B When Martin Roth began his career as a forest ranger in the 1980s, his job was to care for the forest in a way that would ensure continuity for decades, even centuries. Now, with climate change, it’s more about planning for an uncertain future. “It’s turned into disaster management,” says Roth, for whom the 3,000 acres of forest along the northeastern shore of Lake Constance in Germany act as testing ground for high-tech solutions, earning him the nickname “digital forest ranger” in the German forestry community. After a disastrous storm, the clock starts ticking: damaged trees need to be removed before the arrival of bark beetles (甲虫), which breed in dead trees and can go on to destroy entire forests. While it used to take Roth two and a half hours to cover an acre of forest on foot, drones (无人机) now let him survey the entire 3,000 acres in a matter of days, so he can quickly locate damaged trees, identify and inform the owners of affected plots, and send information to workers on the ground. His most recent project is combining body camera footage with AI. “Usually you mark the trees, they’re cut down, and you have no idea how much timber you’ll end up with-how many cubic meters, what quality, which tree species,” he explains. Now AI, “looking” through his body camera, automatically recognizes the tree species he has marked and estimates the amount of timber it will produce, sending the information to his phone in real time. Roth’s experience in tackling the challenges of modern forestry with technology is increasingly sought after-colleagues reach out for advice, and he lectures on digitalization in forestry at the Rottenburg University of Applied Forest Sciences. But he warns that technology can never replace a walk through the forest: “I should never believe that the digital twin is reality. I always have to do a reality check.” 4. What effect has climate change on Martin Roth’s work? A. It made his job focus on long-lasting forest continuity. B. It reduced the importance of traditional forestry skills. C. It required him to abandon technology-based methods. D. It shifted his role toward managing unexpected disasters. 5. How do drones help Roth after a disastrous storm? A. Kill bark beetles quickly. B. Assess forest damage efficiently. C. Predict the future climate change. D. Replace the work of ground workers. 6. What does Roth imply by mentioning “reality check” in the last paragraph? A. Digital tools must be tested in extreme weather. B. AI’s calculations are often unsafe and unreliable. C. Technology will soon make forest rangers unnecessary. D. Virtual models cannot fully replace on-site inspections. 7. What is the purpose of the text? A. To describe the life story of a German forest ranger. B. To warn about the dangers of climate change to forests. C. To introduce how technology transforms modern forestry. D To criticize the overuse of drones in environmental protection. 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是护林员Martin Roth如何利用高科技手段应对现代林业面临的挑战。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Now, with climate change, it’s more about planning for an uncertain future. “It’s turned into disaster management,” says Roth, for whom the 3,000 acres of forest along the northeastern shore of Lake Constance in Germany act as testing ground for high-tech solutions, earning him the nickname “digital forest ranger” in the German forestry community.(现在，随着气候变化，更多的是关于为不确定的未来做计划。“它已经变成了灾难管理，”Roth说，对他来说，德国康斯坦茨湖东北岸的3000英亩森林是高科技解决方案的试验场，在德国林业界，他赢得了“数字护林员”的绰号)”可知，气候变化使Martin Roth的工作转向了管理意外灾难。故选D项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“While it used to take Roth two and a half hours to cover an acre of forest on foot, drones (无人机) now let him survey the entire 3,000 acres in a matter of days, so he can quickly locate damaged trees, identify and inform the owners of affected plots, and send information to workers on the ground.(过去，罗斯需要两个半小时才能步行覆盖一英亩的森林，而现在，无人机可以让他在几天内调查整个3000英亩的森林，这样他就可以快速定位受损的树木，识别并通知受影响地块的所有者，并将信息发送给地面工作人员)”可知，无人机可以有效评估森林损害。故选B项。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“But he warns that technology can never replace a walk through the forest: “I should never believe that the digital twin is reality.(但他警告称，技术永远无法替代漫步森林的体验：“我绝不认为数字孪生就是现实。”)”可知，Roth认为技术永远无法替代漫步森林的体验，不认为数字孪生就是现实，所以他需要现实检查，所以reality check意为“虚拟模型不能完全取代现场检查”。故选D项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“When Martin Roth began his career as a forest ranger in the 1980s, his job was to care for the forest in a way that would ensure continuity for decades, even centuries. Now, with climate change, it’s more about planning for an uncertain future. “It’s turned into disaster management,” says Roth, for whom the 3,000 acres of forest along the northeastern shore of Lake Constance in Germany act as testing ground for high-tech solutions, earning him the nickname “digital forest ranger” in the German forestry community.(当Martin Roth在20世纪80年代开始他的护林员职业生涯时，他的工作就是以一种能够确保森林在几十年甚至几个世纪内保持连续性的方式来照顾森林。现在，随着气候变化，更多的是关于为不确定的未来做计划。“它已经变成了灾难管理，”Roth说，对他来说，德国康斯坦茨湖东北岸的3000英亩森林是高科技解决方案的试验场，在德国林业界，他赢得了“数字护林员”的绰号)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了护林员Martin Roth如何利用高科技手段应对现代林业面临的挑战，所以本文目的是介绍科技如何改变现代林业。故选C项。 （十五） （2025年常德一模） D From an airplane, cars moving slowly down the highway look like ants. But actual ants — unlike cars — somehow ow manage to avoid the suffering of stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative tactics (战术) to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the number of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane one driver tapping their brakes (刹车) can cause a persistent wave of congestion. “It’s a kind of phase transition,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Nishinari, a physicist at the University of Tokyo. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that ants can maintain their flow even in large numbers. So what’s their secret? In a recent study, researchers recorded ants on trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another-and they don’t speed up to pass others. Human drivers at rush hour are hard to follow such rules. “We’re maximizing the interests of individuals, which is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says Nicola, who studies sustainable engineering at the University of Trento in Italy. “But self-driving cars, if they one day become everywhere, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to make good use of traffic flow-perhaps, by prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road,” Nicola suggests. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: don’t tailgate. By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic conditions that would otherwise be amplified (放大) into a traffic jam with no obvious cause. “Just keeping away,” he says, “can help traffic flow smoothly.” 12. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The principle of causing a jam. B. The bad effects of jams on our life. C. The difficulty of avoiding a jam. D. The suffering of being stuck in a jam. 13. What is the ants’ key to avoiding traffic jams? A. Traveling in large groups. B. Keeping steady speed and spacing. C. Following a central leader. D. Frequently walk over one another. 14. What does Nicola suggest in Paragraph 4? A. Provide more speed choices for drivers. B. Build special roads for self-driving cars. C. Set stricter rules to regulate drivers’ behaviors. D. Apply ants’ cooperative strategies to self-driving cars. 15. What does the underlined word “tailgate” mean in the last paragraph? A. Park illegally. B. Speed up suddenly. C. Drive too closely. D. Ignore traffic signals. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了研究人员如何通过研究蚂蚁的合作行为，来寻找解决交通拥堵问题的方法，并探讨了这些发现如何应用于未来的自动驾驶汽车编程中。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the number of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes (刹车) can cause a persistent wave of congestion. “It’s a kind of phase transition,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Nishinari, a physicist at the University of Tokyo.(随着高速公路上汽车数量的增加，交通的自由流动变得不稳定。在每条车道每英里15辆车的速度下，一个司机轻踩刹车就会造成持续的拥堵。“这是一种相变”，就像水从液体变成固体一样，东京大学的物理学家西成说)”可知，本段主要讲述了造成堵塞的原理。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In a recent study, researchers recorded ants on trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another-and they don’t speed up to pass others.(在最近的一项研究中，研究人员记录了小路上的蚂蚁，并使用交通工程模型来分析它们的运动。他们发现蚂蚁不会堵塞，因为它们以3到20只蚂蚁为一组，以几乎恒定的速度移动，同时彼此保持良好的距离，它们不会加速超过其他蚂蚁)”可知，蚂蚁避开交通堵塞的关键是保持稳定的速度和间距。故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段““We’re maximizing the interests of individuals, which is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says Nicola, who studies sustainable engineering at the University of Trento in Italy. “But self-driving cars, if they one day become everywhere, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to make good use of traffic flow-perhaps, by prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road,” Nicola suggests.(“我们是在最大化个人利益，这就是为什么在某一时刻，你会开始遭遇交通堵塞，”在意大利特伦托大学研究可持续工程的Nicola说道。“但是，如果自动驾驶汽车有一天能无处不在，它们可能会采用更具合作性的编程。在这种未来愿景中，自动驾驶车辆会与附近的车辆共享信息，以充分利用交通流量——或许是通过优先考虑保持恒定速度和车距，或者不在道路上超车，”Nicola建议道)”可知，Nicola建议将蚂蚁的合作策略应用于自动驾驶汽车。故选D项。 【15题详解】 词句猜测题。根据后文“By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic conditions that would otherwise be amplified (放大) into a traffic jam with no obvious cause.(通过在自己的车和前面的车之间留出空间，司机可以在交通拥挤的情况下吸收一波刹车，否则这种刹车会在没有明显原因的情况下被放大成交通堵塞)”可知，需要在自己的车和前面的车之间留出空间，是为了防止追尾，推知tailgate应是“追尾”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。 （十六） （2025年普通高中名校联考信息卷一模） C Many believe zoos provide a safe environment for animals, free from survival challenges. However, this isn’t the case for the largest land animals, elephants, which frequently experience health issues in captivity (监禁), including diseases, joint problems, and behavioral changes, often leading to having no babies. A groundbreaking study has analyzed four decades of data on 800 elephants from Africa and Asia living in European zoos. The research, conducted by a team of scientists, compared the lifespans of these zoo-born elephants with those of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants working in logging camps over a similar period. To learn more about how captivity affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. The findings were striking: female African elephants born in captivity had an average lifespan of 16.9 years, but their wild ones who died of natural causes lived to an average age of 56 years — more than three times longer. A similar trend was observed in Asian elephants, with zoo-born females living an average of 18.9 years compared to 41.7 years for those in logging camps. The reasons behind these differences are not yet fully understood. Georgia Mason, a biologist from the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, suspects that stress and obesity may be significant factors. Elephants in zoos do not engage in the same level of physical activity as they would in the wild, leading to obesity in many cases. Additionally, the social structures of elephants in captivity differ greatly from those in the wild, where they typically live in large groups and family groups. Another revelation (启示) from the study was that Asian elephants born in zoos had a higher likelihood of dying early compared to those captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason assumes that stress experienced by mothers in captivity could result in children that are less adaptive and more likely to die early. The implications of this study are profound (深刻的), particularly concerning the acquisition of more elephants for zoo populations. While some endangered species in zoos manage to reproduce and maintain healthy numbers, elephants seem to be an exception. The study highlights the need for further research into the well-being of elephants in captivity and the potential challenges of sustaining their populations in zoos. 28. What is the main focus of the study mentioned in the passage? A. Elephant Lifespans: Captivity against Wild. B. Analyzing elephant social structures in zoos. C. Studying the effects of obesity on elephants. D. Investigating the causes of elephant stress. 29. Why might elephants in zoos have a shorter lifespan compared to wild elephants? A. They have more eaters in zoos. B. They face increased stress and obesity. C. They are fed better in zoos. D. They are less active in zoos. 30. What is the average lifespan of wild female African elephants? A. 16.9 years. B. 56 years. C. 18.9 years. D. 41.7 years. 31. What conclusion can be drawn about the future of elephants in zoos? A. Elephants should not be kept in zoos. B. Zoos should focus on breeding more elephants. C. Zoos need to improve elephant care to increase lifespans. D. The study supports the inclusion of more elephants in zoos. 【答案】28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是动物园中的大象健康问题。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The research, conducted by a team of scientists, compared the lifespans of these zoo-born elephants with those of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants working in logging camps over a similar period.(这项研究由一组科学家进行，他们将这些动物园出生的大象的寿命与同一时期生活在野外的数千头非洲雌象和在伐木营地工作的亚洲象的寿命进行了比较)”可知，研究的主要焦点是“大象寿命：圈养与野生的对比”。故选A项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Georgia Mason, a biologist from the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, suspects that stress and obesity may be significant factors. Elephants in zoos do not engage in the same level of physical activity as they would in the wild, leading to obesity in many cases. Additionally, the social structures of elephants in captivity differ greatly from those in the wild, where they typically live in large groups and family groups. (领导这项研究的加拿大圭尔夫大学生物学家Georgia Mason怀疑压力和肥胖可能是重要因素。动物园中的大象不像在野外那样进行高强度的身体活动，导致许多大象肥胖。此外，圈养大象的社会结构与野外大不相同，在野外它们通常生活在大家庭群体中)”可知，生物学家Georgia Mason怀疑压力和肥胖可能是重要因素，进一步解释了圈养大象缺乏足够的运动导致肥胖，以及社会结构的变化增加了压力。由此可知，动物园中的大象寿命比野生大象短的原因是它们面临更大的压力和肥胖问题。故选B项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The findings were striking: female African elephants born in captivity had an average lifespan of 16.9 years, but their wild ones who died of natural causes lived to an average age of 56 years — more than three times longer.(研究结果令人震惊：圈养出生的非洲雌象平均寿命为16.9岁，而自然死亡的野生非洲雌象平均寿命为56岁——是前者的三倍以上)”可知，自然死亡的野生非洲雌象平均寿命为56岁。故选B项。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“The study highlights the need for further research into the well-being of elephants in captivity and the potential challenges of sustaining their populations in zoos.(研究强调了进一步研究圈养大象福祉的必要性，以及维持动物园中大象种群可能面临的挑战)”可知，研究强调了进一步研究圈养大象福祉的必要性。由此推知，动物园需要改进护理措施来提高大象的寿命，而不是简单地增加数量或停止圈养。故选C项。 （十七） （2025年普通高中名校联考信息卷一模） D The video game “Black Myth: Wukong” has been praised as a “masterpiece” by critics and enthusiasts alike, with many boldly predicting that it will be a strong competitor for the famed title of Game of the Year. This game has not only gained great popularity within China but has also captivated international audiences, many of whom may not be familiar with the complexities of the classic Chinese novel “Journey to the West”, from which the game draws its inspiration. Despite this, the game’s complex plot presents certain challenges for players who are not good at the slight differences of the source material. “Black Myth: Wukong” is a proof to the perfect integration of traditional Chinese cultural elements with modern gaming technology. The game beautifully combines Daoist talismans (护身符), Buddhist artifacts, and ancient architectural wonders, creating a visually stunning experience that draws inspiration from iconic landmarks such as the Great Wall and the splendid Mount Huangshan. The Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism has cleverly capitalized on the game’s popularity by releasing a promotional video that highlights real-life locations featured in the game, such as Xiaoxitian and Yuhuang Temple. This has led to a surge of cultural pilgrimages (朝圣) to these historic sites, as fans of the game seek to experience the real-world counterparts of the virtual wonders they have explored. The development team’s dedication to authenticity is evident in their careful research in Shanxi, a region that boasts (自夸) 80 percent of China’s surviving wooden structures from the Yuan Dynasty and earlier periods. This research has led to an almost exact copy of China’s breathtaking landscapes, grand temples, and delicate sculptures inside the game. This remarkable achievement not only serves as a proof to the team’s dedication to authenticity but also stands as a powerful cultural export, allowing players from around the globe to experience the richness of Chinese heritage in an immersive (沉浸式的) and interactive manner. The game’s success is a reflection of the growing influence of Chinese culture in the global gaming industry. “Black Myth: Wukong” is not just a game; it is a cultural phenomenon that bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming, creating an experience that is both educational and entertaining. As the game continues to gain popularity, it is likely to attract even more players who are curious about Chinese mythology and history, further cementing its status as a global cultural icon. 32. “Black Myth: Wukong” appeals internationally mainly because of . A. its simple plot and gameplay B. its complicated plot and cultural elements C. its focus on Western mythology D. its lack of historical accuracy 33. To use the game’s popularity, the Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism . A. released a video game B. created a promotional video C. built new tourist attractions D. published a travel guidebook 34. What is the significance of the development team’s research in Shanxi? A It led to the creation of a new game engine. B. It was used to develop a virtual reality experience. C. It caused a decline in tourism to Shanxi. D. It resulted in a near 1:1 reproduction of Chinese landscapes. 35. “Black Myth: Wukong” bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming . A. ignoring historical accuracy B. focusing on Western themes C. integrating cultural elements into gameplay D. using outdated graphics 【答案】32. B 33. B 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是《黑神话：悟空》通过融合传统中国文化与现代游戏技术，吸引国内外玩家并促进文化旅游的发展。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据首段中的“This game has not only gained great popularity within China but has also captivated international audiences, many of whom may not be familiar with the complexities of the classic Chinese novel “Journey to the West”, from which the game draws its inspiration. (这款游戏不仅在中国国内广受欢迎，还吸引了国际观众的关注，尽管其中许多人可能并不熟悉经典中国小说《西游记》的复杂情节，而这款游戏正是从中汲取灵感的。)”以及第二段中的““Black Myth: Wukong” is a proof to the perfect integration of traditional Chinese cultural elements with modern gaming technology.(《黑神话：悟空》是传统中国文化元素与现代游戏技术完美结合的证明。)”可知，尽管很多人不熟悉中国小说《西游记》的复杂情节，但仍受到国内外的欢迎，且游戏将丰富的文化元素和复杂的故事情节相结合，由此可知，《黑神话：悟空》的国际吸引力主要来自于复杂的情节和文化元素。故选B项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism has cleverly capitalized on the game’s popularity by releasing a promotional video that highlights real-life locations featured in the game, such as Xiaoxitian and Yuhuang Temple. This has led to a surge of cultural pilgrimages to these historic sites, as fans of the game seek to experience the real-world counterparts of the virtual wonders they have explored.(山西省文化和旅游厅巧妙地利用了游戏的流行度，发布了一部宣传视频，重点介绍了游戏中出现的真实地点，例如小西天和玉皇庙。这引发了一股文化朝圣潮，游戏玩家纷纷前往这些历史遗址，以亲身体验他们在虚拟世界中探索过的奇迹。)”可知，为了利用游戏的流行度，山西省文化和旅游厅制作了一部宣传视频。故选B项。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This research has led to an almost exact copy of China’s breathtaking landscapes, grand temples, and delicate sculptures inside the game.(这项研究使得游戏中几乎完全复制了中国令人叹为观止的景观、宏伟的寺庙和精致的雕塑。)”可知，研究的意义在于实现了对中国景观的高精度复制。故选D项。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据尾段中的““Black Myth: Wukong” is not just a game; it is a cultural phenomenon that bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming, creating an experience that is both educational and entertaining.(《黑神话：悟空》不仅仅是一款游戏；它是一种文化现象，弥合了中国传统文化与现代游戏之间的差距，创造了一种既教育又娱乐的体验。)”可知，开发团队通过将文化元素融入游戏玩法，成功实现了弥合中国传统文化与现代游戏之间的差距。故选C项。 （十八） （2025年株洲一模） C Animals hibernate（冬眠）to conserve energy during cold months when food is in shortage, slowing their heart rate and dropping their body temperature to enter an inactive state. This is only survivable if their blood continues to flow and supply oxygen to the body, but scientists haven’t fully understood how this happens. If they can figure out how, the potential significance is that people might one day be able to copy the process for medical treatments or long-distance space travel. Scientists already know that red blood cells change shape to fit different pressures and blood vessel sizes. To investigate if something like this happens in the cells of hibernating animals to keep blood flowing, Gerald Kerth and his team turned to bats. By analysing thousands of red blood cells from bats and people, they discovered that the cells became thicker and stickier as temperatures dropped from 37℃ to 23℃. But when they cooled the cells to 10℃, the bat cells continued this metamorphosis, whereas the human cells did not. Indeed, the bat cells continued to function. This change might slow down the cells as they pass through capillaries（毛细血管）in the muscles and lungs, making them efficient at exchanging gases, like oxygen, throughout the body. The team believes that the mechanical properties of the bat red blood cell membranes（膜）play a key role. The findings suggest that drugs could one day enable human red blood cell membranes to imitate the way the bat membranes react to the cold. Surgeons already use body cooling during certain procedures to slow down metabolism, which can help prevent organ damage in people experiencing heart attacks, organ transplants or major brain surgery. “Being able to lengthen that cooling time, or drop the temperature lower, could increase those benefits,” says Kerth. Nature is full of yet-to-be-disclosed secrets that can teach us how to overcome present and future medical and technological challenges. In the future, hibernation will allow of efficient long-distance space travel, requiring minimum food and resources while preserving health during the journey. 28. Why is studying animal hibernation significant? A. It benefits human’s active states. B. It brings about medical advances. C. It contributes to a tourism boom. D. It promises human’s healthy heart rate. 29. What does the underlined word “metamorphosis” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Decline. B. Destruction. C. Transportation. D. Transformation. 30. What can we infer from paragraph 4? A. Cooling techniques have improved. B. Drugs make human cells work like bat cells. C. Body cooling matters in surgeries. D. Lower body temperature helps organ recovery. 31. What is the author’s attitude toward Gerald Kerth’s research? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家通过研究蝙蝠冬眠时红细胞的变化，探索其对人类医学（如手术降温）和太空旅行的潜在意义。 【28 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段 “the potential significance is that people might one day be able to copy the process for medical treatments” 及后文手术降温的应用可知，研究动物冬眠的意义在于推动医学进步。故选 B。 【29 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段 “the cells became thicker and stickier as temperatures dropped... when they cooled the cells to 10℃, the bat cells continued this metamorphosis” 可知，温度下降时蝙蝠红细胞继续发生形态变化（变厚、更黏），结合上下文 “变化” 的逻辑，metamorphosis 意为 “转变、变形”，与 transformation（转变）同义。故选 D。 【30 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段 “Surgeons already use body cooling during certain procedures to slow down metabolism, which can help prevent organ damage in people experiencing heart attacks, organ transplants or major brain surgery” 可知，身体降温在手术中已被用于减缓新陈代谢、保护器官，说明降温技术在外科手术中至关重要。故选 C。 【31 题详解】 观点态度题。最后一段 “Nature is full of yet-to-be-disclosed secrets that can teach us how to overcome present and future medical and technological challenges” 肯定了研究的价值，作者认为 Kerth 的研究揭示了自然对人类的启示，对其持支持态度。故选 D。 （十九） （2025年株洲一模） D Despite decades of indoor smoking bans and restrictions which serve to protect non-smoking people from exposure to second-hand smoke, a new research from Drexel University suggests that third-hand smoke, the chemical residue （残留物）from cigarette smoke that attaches itself to anything and anyone nearby, can make its way into the air and spread through buildings where no one is smoking. Peter DeCarlo, an atmospheric chemist at Drexel, revealed the new exposure route for third-hand smoke — through aerosol particles（气溶胶颗粒） which are common particles suspended in the air— they come from various sources and are harmful to health. “In an empty classroom, where smoking has not been allowed, we found that 29 percent of the entire indoor aerosol mass contained third-hand smoke chemical species. This shocked us and raised many questions about how that much third-hand smoke could continue to exist in a non-smoking room,” he says. To investigate the cause of this surprising finding, DeCarlo and his coworkers first made cigarette smoke flow into a Pyrex container, allowing the smoke chemicals to stay inside. Then they made any residual smoke flow out of the container before pulling outdoor air through it to clear out any second-hand smoke. After a day, purified outdoor air was passed through the container and the researchers measured the chemical composition of the aerosol particles it acquired and compared it to outdoor air that hadn’t passed through the container. They found a 13 percent increase in third-hand smoke chemical species in the air that went through the Pyrex container, which meant that, though it seemed as though the smoke had cleared, a chemical residue still existed and found a way to attach itself to passing aerosol particles. This means that the discovery was by no means unique to that classroom; in fact, it’s likely quite a widespread phenomenon. “While most people expect that they’ ll be exposed to air pollution from cars, or other chemicals in low concentrations when they’ re outside — they tend to think that they’ re escaping all that when they step indoors,” DeCarlo says. “Understanding that we are constantly exposed to these chemicals, even in our workplaces, is a challenge to communicate to the public.” 32. What does the research show? A. Third-hand smoke spreads widely. B. Smoking bans function well. C. Smoke residue exists temporarily. D. Indoor smoking is strictly restricted. 33. Why was the discovery in the classroom surprising? A. Smoking was permitted there. B. New aerosol particles appeared there. C. Chemical species there raised a debate. D. Partial aerosol particles there carried smoke. 34. How did the researchers carry out the study? A. By observing chemicals in the lab. B. By comparing indoor and outdoor air. C. By modeling third-hand smoke exposure. D. By measuring air quality in containers. 35. What does DeCarlo imply in the last paragraph? A. People face new working challenges. B. Their discovery is against expectations. C. Smoke exposure raises widespread concerns. D. Staying indoors frees people from air pollution. 【答案】32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍三手烟（烟味残留物）可通过气溶胶颗粒在非吸烟环境中传播，揭示其广泛存在性及潜在健康风险。 【32 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段 “third-hand smoke... can make its way into the air and spread through buildings where no one is smoking” 及后文实验中教室、容器内的三手烟残留现象可知，研究表明三手烟通过气溶胶颗粒广泛传播。故选 A。 【33 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段 “29 percent of the entire indoor aerosol mass contained third-hand smoke chemical species. This shocked us” 可知，在禁止吸烟的教室中，近三分之一的气溶胶颗粒携带三手烟化学物质，这一超出预期的发现令人惊讶。故选 D。 【34 题详解】 细节理解题。第三段描述研究者通过模拟三手烟残留环境（让烟流入容器、清除二手烟、通入净化空气并测量气溶胶成分），对比实验前后的数据，发现残留化学物质附着在气溶胶颗粒上。这一过程属于模拟三手烟暴露的实验方法。故选 C。 【35 题详解】 推理判断题。最后一段指出，人们通常认为室内可避开室外污染，但研究发现三手烟残留物通过气溶胶存在于室内空气中，这与人们的预期相反。DeCarlo 暗示该发现打破了 “室内无污染” 的认知，具有意外性。故选 B。 （二十） （2025年张家界一模） A Four Highly-related Books Anne of Green Gables. Anne of Green Gables by Canadian author Lucy Mau d Montgomery has been considered as a children’s novel since the mid-20th century. It states how Anne makes her way with the Cuthberts at school and within the town. The novel presents the conflicts between Ann’s more fantastical daily life and that of Marilla, who would rather operate as social convention dictates（规定）. Since publication, the book has sold more than 50 million copies and has been translated into 20 languages. First published: 1908 Original language: English Pride and prejudice Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel of manners by the British author Jane Austen. The story follows the main character, Elizabeth Bennet, as she deals with issues of manners, upbringing, norality, education and marriage in the society of the landed gentry（地主阶层）of England in the early 19th century. First published: 1813 Original language: English Treasure Island Treasure Island is an adventure novel by Scottish author Robert Louis, telling a tale of “pirates （海盗）and buried gold”. The influence of the book on popular perceptions of pirates is huge, including such elements as treasure maps marked with an “X”, sailing ships, tropical islands and one-legged seamen bearing parrots on their shoulders. First published: 1883 Original language: English Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson under the pen name Lewis Carroll. It tells of a girl named Alice falling through a rabbit hole into a fantasy world populated by unusual and vivid creatures. The tale plays with logic, giving the story lasting popularity with adults as well as with children. It is considered to be one of the best examples of the literary nonsense type. First published: 1865 Original language: English 1. What do the four books have in common? A．They are novels written by the authors from the same country. B．They were first published in the 19th century. C．They were originally written in English. D．They are works of children's literature. 1. What can we know about Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland? A．Its theme is manners, upbringing and marriage. B．Its main character is an English gentleman. C．It is suitable for both adults and children. D．It is based on a true and touching story. 1. Which book is involved with sailors who attack other ships and rob them of property? A．Treasure Island. B．Pride and prejudice. C．Anne of Green Gables. D．Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. 【答案】21. C 22. C 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍四本高度相关的书籍，包括作者、内容、出版信息及特点。 【21 题详解】 细节理解题。根据每本书的 “Original language” 均标注为 “English” 可知，四本书的共同特点是最初均用英语写成。选项 C 正确。其他选项：A（同国家作者）错误，作者来自加拿大、英国、苏格兰；B（19 世纪出版）错误，《Anne of Green Gables》出版于 1908 年（20 世纪）；D（儿童文学）错误，《Pride and Prejudice》主要面向成人。故选 C。 【22 题详解】 细节理解题。根据《Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland》介绍中的 “giving the story lasting popularity with adults as well as with children” 可知，该书适合成人和儿童阅读。选项 C 正确。A（主题是礼仪、教养和婚姻）是《Pride and Prejudice》的内容；B（主角是英国绅士）错误，主角是女孩 Alice；D（基于真实故事）错误，是奇幻故事。故选 C。 【23 题详解】 细节理解题。根据《Treasure Island》介绍中的 “telling a tale of ‘pirates and buried gold’” 及 “one-legged seamen bearing parrots” 可知，该书涉及海盗（袭击船只并抢劫的水手）。选项 A 正确。其他书籍未提及海盗相关内容。故选 A。 （二十一） （2025年张家界一模） C Imagine you’re cooking potatoes for breakfast. First, you’d remove the potatoes from their plastic bag. Then, you might chop them on a plastic cutting board. Next, you’d probably cook them in a nonstick pan. All the removing, chopping and overheating of nonstick pans can add 2.3 million microplastics to your food. Besides food, the air and water in your home is full of microplastics. Smaller than a grain of salt, we interact with them more than we might realize. Humans breathe in about 22,000,000 microplastics annually. As a result, microplastics have been detected in our blood and lungs. We’re only just beginning to understand the effect of microplastics on human health — but research suggests we should concern more. A groundbreaking new study shows how the presence of microplastics in arteries（动脉血管） is linked to a greater risk of heart attack and death. When microplastics build up in arteries, the thicker blood vessel（血管）walls reduce blood flow to parts of the body. This study will inspire more research into what other organs plastic may be damaging, such as the brain, or stomach. Microplastics may be inescapable, but with simple swaps and fixes, you can reduce the amount of microplastics you encounter in your own home. Carry your own reusable bags and avoid buying food that comes in much plastic packaging. When heating food, use stainless steel instead of nonstick pans. Another way to limit your exposure is to filter（过滤）your tap water to reduce plastic fibers in the tap water. Ultimately, plastic manufacturers and the companies that sell their products are responsible for the high volume of plastic waste in our environments, and significantly reducing that plastic — and the microplastics that come with it — will have to be at the policy level nationwide and worldwide. 1. What does the author try to convey by telling the cooking story? A．Microplastics directly lead to diseases. B．Nonstick pans are free of microplastics. C．We consumed microplastics unknowingly. D．Cooking is to blame for making microplastics. 1. How do microplastics affect our body according to the new study? A．By damaging our brain. B．$$