专题15 定语从句-【赢在高中起跑线】英语初高中教材衔接 知识回顾预习 专题特训（2025年）

衔接点二初升高知识衔接 分析：第一个【是主句的 语：can leave way,其中with beautiful flowers of Washington, 和enter是句子的 语；my burdens和a D.C.作 语修饰cherry trees. wonderful,mysterious world where I am now a 翻译： new character是句子的 语，其中won derful、mysterious和where I am now a new 5.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with character作 语修饰world。 the most interesting stories about Presidents, 翻译： Congress,memorials,and parks. 分析：Knowledgeable guides作句子的 4.This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to 语；will entertain作句子的 语；with the see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful most interesting stories about Presidents,Con- flowers of Washington,D.C. gress,memorials,and parks 语，其中 分析：This small group bike tour是句子的 介词短语about Presidents,Congress,memori- 语：is是句子的 语；fantastic和to als,and parks作 语修饰stories。 see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful 翻译： flowers of Washington.D.C. 语修饰 专题十五 定语从句 课程要求 初中要求 高中要求 主要掌握关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语 从句中的运用。主要有：①关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句： 掌握定义从句基本定义，及关系 ②关系副词where引导的定语从句（近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象 代词在定义从句中的运用。 空间概念的名词的情况)：③“介词十关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从 句：④as引导的非限制性定语从句 知识清单 《:初中定语从句考点聚焦 Ⅱ.单项选择 1.Not all children C watch this video will be- I.用适当的词填空 1."Anyone who has heard about Seattle's train come a scientist,but some may become interest- may think this is kind of fun,"McKaulay said. ed in science. 2.Great changes have taken place in our city in the A.whom B.which past ten years.Everything that comes into sight is so new to me. C.who D.whose 3.-Why don't you like fishing? 2.Anyone who is a server or C has been one -Fishing is a hobby that.which needs much knows that customers always come first. patience,but I'm not patient at all. 4.Running Man is a very relaxing TV program that A.whom B.what which is hot among the young people. C.who D.which 57 衔接必刷题 3.-Class,you should be thankful to those people This is the most interesting film that I've ever C helped and supported you. seen. -We will,Miss Chen. (4)先行词为人、物并用时。 A.which B.whom Do you know the things and persons that they C.who D.whose are talking about? 4.I hate the dogs B live in the next house. (5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 They make loud noises all night. Which is the bike that you lost? A.who B.that (6)先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从 C.what D.whom 句中作表语时。 5.-Do you like the weekly talk show,The Reader, Shandong is no longer the province that it on CCTV? used to be. -Sure.It's a great TV programme B brings 2.只用which不用that的情况 the habit of reading back into the public. (1)关系代词前有介词时。 A.who B.that Is this the house in which Shakespeare was C.what D.whose born? 6.She often parks her car near the house C she (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 can easily get to. Before people retire,they usually plan to do a A.where B.who lot of great things,which they never have time to C.which D.what do while working. 高中定语从句考点聚焦 (3)先行词为that/those时。 What's that which was put in the car? [考纲解读] (4)which用作定语时。 定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和 He may be late,in which case we ought to 关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语 wait for him. 从句中的运用。主要考点有：l.关系代词which引 3.the same...as the same...that 导的非限制性定语从句：2.关系副词where引导的 the same,,as表示相似或同类的东西；the 定语从句（近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间 same..that表示同一人或物。 概念的名词的情况)：3.“介词十关系代词”引导的 This is the same book as he lent me last week. 非限制性定语从句；4.as引导的非限制性定语 This is the same book that he lent me last 从句。 week. 4.such/so...as such/so...that [考点清单] such/so..as(定语从句)像…那样(as在从句 考点15组易混关系代词的用法辨析 中作主语、宾语等)；such'so..that(状语从句) L.只用that不用which的情况 如此…以至于(that在从句中不作任何成分)。 (l)先行词是all,much,little,something,every This is such an easy question as I can answer. thing,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。 This is such an easy question that I can answer it. All that you need to do is focus on one thing. 5.as与which (2)先行词被the only,any,few,no,very等修饰时。 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句 Australia is the only country that is also a continent. 前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。 (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容 which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句 词最高级、序数词修饰时。 之后。 58 衔接点二初升高知识衔接 (2)as意为“正如…”，后面的谓语动词多用 The prize will go to the writer whose story/of see,know,expect,say,mention,report;which whom the story shows the most imagination. 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。 [名师点津]关系代词在定语从句中作主语时， Need for Speed is a very successful film,as is 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 known to all. Tom is the only one of the engineers who The sports meeting was put off,which aston- has come up with the solution. ished us. [经典例题] [经典例题] 用适当的关系词填空 用适当的关系词填空 They were well trained by their masters I could only have left it on the G9 bus. was had great experience with caring for these animals. now speeding in the dark to some unknown station. 【解析】根据语境可知，此处为定语从句修饰先 【解析】根据语境可知，此处为非限制性定语从 行词masters,应用关系代词who作定语从句的 句，应用关系代词which作主语，代指前面的the 主语。 G9 bus. 【答案】who 【答案】which 考点2关系代词who,whom,whose 考点3关系副词when,where,why l.when的用法 1.who和whom的用法 (1)先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时 先行词为“时间名词”，可用when引导定语从 或表示人的名词时。 句，when在定语从句中作状语，也可用“介词十 The person I want to talk about with you is which”结构代替 Tu Youyou,the one who won the Nobel Prize for The days are gone when physical strength was medicine in 2015. all you needed to make a living. (2)在there be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜 2.where的用法 用关系代词who指代人。 (1)先行词是“地点名词”，定语从句可用where There's a gentleman who wants to see you. 引导，where在从句中作状语，也可用“介词十 (3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句，其 which”结构代替。 中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用 The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a who以避免重复。 thousand places for silent reading,and places The student that was praised at yesterday's where you can sit and work with your own computer. meeting is the monitor who is very modest and (2)如果定语从句修饰point,situation,position, works very hard. condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用 (4)当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom, where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况 whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可放 下”（前提是从句中缺少状语）。 在后面，也可提前构成介词十whom(先行词指 You reach a point where medicine can't help. 人)结构。 3.why的用法 The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 peo- 先行词是表示原因的名词reason时，可以用 ple,many of whom left their village homes for a why引导定语从句，why在定语从句中作原因状 better life in the city. 语，也可用for which替代。可以把此时的句子 2.whose的用法 牢记为一个固定句型，即The reason why..is whose指人或物，作定语，表示“…的”，可转换 was that,·,意为“…的原因是…”。 为“of+关系代词”，指人时可用of whom:指物 The reason why/for which he didn't attend the 时可用of which。 meeting was that he was ill. 59 衔接必刷题 :[名师点津](1)选择关系代词或关系副词的 5.考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/小whom 原则：在选择关系词时，最重要的是分析定语 The buses,most of which were already full, 从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、 were surrounded by the angry crowd. 定语或表语，必须用关系代词；若从句中不缺 [名师点津]选择介词的3个原则 主语、宾语、定语或表语，必须用关系副词。 ①根据句子意思表达的需要；②根据从句中动 This is the mountain village that/which I visited 词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯；③根据先行词 last year..(关系词在从句中作visited的宾语) 和介词的搭配习惯。 *I will never forget the day when my father re- 辨析]定语从句与几种句式和从句的区别 turned from America..(关系词在从句中作状语) ①定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作 (2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词，且后面的 定语从句缺方式状语时，可以用that或in 用；而同位语从句对其前面的名词起解 释，说明作用：②引导词that在从句中的 which引导，也可以省略关系词。如果后面定 作用不同：在定语从句中，that既起连接 语从句中缺少宾语，要用that或which引导， 与同位语 作用，又在从句中充当句子成分，如主 也可以省略关系词。 从句的 语、宾语等：而在同位语从句中，that只 ￥Idon't like the way that/in which/不填he 区别 起连接作用，不充当句子成分。 speaks to his mother. The news that)they told me [经典例题] made me excited.(定语从句) The news that our team won the 用适当的关系词填空 match made me excited.(同位语从句) We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true. 状语从句前面通常没有名词，整个 【解析】根据语境可知，句中先行词为an age 与状语从 从句在复合句中作时间、地，点或原 (一个时代)，且先行词在从句中做时间状语，应 句的区别 因等状语，而定语从句是对先行词 用关系副词when。 起修饰、限定作用的。 【答案】when 如果两个句子之间是分号，或有 考点4介词+关系代词的5个考查点 and,but,so等连接词，则这两个句 1.考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配习惯 与并列句 子为并列句：如果两个句子之间是 Wind power is an ancient source of energy to 的区别 逗号，且没有上述的连接词，则这两 which we may return in the near future. 个句子之间就是主从关系，须有 2.考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯 个引导词引导定语从句。 *He referred me to some reference books with 与强调 判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结 which I am not very familiar. 句型的 构“Itis.'was..that/who..”去掉 3.考查根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确 区别 后，句子的意思和结构仍是完整的。 定介词 I am looking for my glasses,without which I [经典例题] can't watch TV clearly. 用适当的词填空 4.考查表示所属关系的of which/,whom The course normally attracts about 100 students per She showed the visitors around the museum, year,of up to half will be from abroad. the construction of which/whose construction had 【解析】根据语境可知，此处为“介词十关系代 taken more than three years. 词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 注意：the十m.+of which(whom)可与whose十 students,应用关系代词whom。 n.互换。 【答案】whom 601 衔接点二初升高知识衔接 [轻松训练] 3.And so,the day after Thanksgiving companies go“into the black”and make a prof- I,用适当的词填空 it,became Black Friday. 1.This is youth, is indeed an endless cy- 4.She believed that she could do everything cle from familiarity to strangeness and from she wanted because she was so beautiful. strangeness to familiarity. but she lost friends one by one. 2.There was a time there were no ra- 5.This "wall of kindness"invited passers-by to dios,telephones or TV sets here. leave their spare warm clothes and encourages 3.The arch was first used for bridges by the Ro- those are in need to take them. man Empire,some of still stand today. 6.From practice we can learn much can- 4.While the movie's conclusion is not difficult to not be learned from books. predict,anyone heart is not warmed by it 7.I always remember the days I was may wish to consult with an therapist(心理治疗师). taken good care of in the hospital. 5.They offered to buy me flowers or give me 8. is known to everybody,the moon trav- something,I of course refused. els round the earth once every month. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 9.At present teenagers would rather go to the net 1.The city extends along the river, runs bar, as is known to some of them, through it from the west to the east and forms fantastic and amazing scenery. they can chat with their friends or play games. 2.Therefore,it's a great place for a relaxing Thai 10.Whenever I meet with difficulty in my English massage,during you'll have your study,Mr.Lee is the person I turn limbs stretched in a variety of directions. for help. 专题十六 名词性从句 课程要求 初中要求 高中要求 高中阶段，从句的学习更为复杂化，我们除了接触到定语从句、 初中阶段的从句学习中，我们掌握了名词 宾语从句、状语从句的特殊情况，还要学习主语从句、表语从 性从句中的宾语从句用法。 句、同位语从句等一系列的从句。 知识清单 初中宾许从句考点聚组 2.-Do you know when the Smiths left Shanghai? g -I'm not sure about the date.I only remember I,宾语从句 it was a Sunday. 1.Find out what those things are,think hard about 3.-It's said that the new highway has been completed. who you want to be,and then show yourself -Yes,but we don't know whether it's to be honestly to the people around you. opened to traffic soon. 61衔接必刷题 N. 6.decades考查名词的数。句意：2018年12月18日是中国 1.主系表主谓表定语 开始从一个贫穷国家转变为超级经济大国40周年。前有数 翻译：你需要的是一个让你犯错误的好老师。 词four修饰，故用可数名词复数形式，故填decades。 2.主让步状语 7.which考查非限定性定语从句.句意：2018年12月18 翻译：尽管那些很酷的孩子可能让人美幕，但Dr.Pim 日标志着中国从贫穷的国度一跃成为超级经济大国40 stein的研究显示了令人不满意的结果。 周年。关系词指代先行词process在非限定性定语从句 3.主谓宾定 中作主语，故填which。 翻译：打开一本小说，我能放下我的负担，进入一个美妙 8.is known考查固定结构。句意：这个大变革的时代被广 而又神秘的世界，在那里现在我是一个全新的人物。 泛称为改苹开放。be known as作为…而出名。主语 4.主谓定定 是第三人称单数，且为客观事实，故填is known。. 翻译：这种小团队自行车旅行是看华盛顿樱花的极佳方 9.leaving考查非谓语动词。句意：仅在过去的20年里，每 式，这些樱花之美享誉世界。 个成人的财富翻了两番，使得只有不到1%的人口仍处于 5.主谓状定 贫困之中。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种 翻译：知识渊博的导游会用一些关于总统，国会、纪念碑 自然而然的结果，故填leaving。 和公园的最有趣的故事来使你们快乐。 10.higher考查形客词比较级。句意：中国现在有600位 亿万富翁，比世界上任何地方都多。根据下文中的than 专题十五 定语从句 判断此处应用比较级形式。故填higher。 轻松训练 B 1.1.which 2.when 3.which 4.whose 5.which 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍英国家庭组成 II.1.which 2.which 3.when 4.that 5.who 6.that 结构在过去两百年所发生的变化情况。 7.when 8.As 9.where 10.to whom l.rapidly考查副词。句意：在过去的200年里，英国人的 家庭组成结构发生了快速的变化。在英语中通常使用副 专题十六 名词性从句 词修饰形容词、副词，动词或整个句子。本句中句中 轻松训练 changed是动词，要用副词修饰。所以要填rapidly。 1.what 2.when 3.what 4.where 5.what 6.that 2.which考查定语从句。句意：在工业革命前英国传统的 7.if 8.who 家庭结构是三代居住在一起的大家庭。本句是一个定语 从句，应该使用关系代词指代先行词family,并在定语从 专题十七 特殊句式 句中做介词in的宾语，用关系代词which。所以要填 which. 轻松训练 1.There 3.gr0wth考查名词。句意：二十世纪初期建筑了核心家 2.Get 3.does 4.did 5.stands 6.are 7.that 庭的成长。句中$雅w是及物动词，后接名词作宾语。 growth是动词grow的名词形式。所以要填growth。 衔接点三 初升高专题特训 4,children考查名词复数。句意：父母亲和孩子们形成了 单个的家庭。child是可数名词，其前有a number of修饰 时要用复数形式。所以要填children。 题型一 语法填空 5.has seen考查动词时态。句意：在过去三十年里，英国 见证了核心家庭的破裂。根据时间状语In the last thirty 轻松训练 years要用现在完成时态，且主语UK是单数形式，助动 词用has。所以要填has seen。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国改革开放四 6.m考查动词固定搭配。句意：越来越高的离婚率、晚婚 十年取得了巨大的成就，从贫穷的国度一跃成为超级经济 晚有等原因导致了核心家庭的破裂。动词短语i意为 大国。 “引起，导致”，是固定搭配。所以句中要填n. 1.he考查冠词。句意：20世纪70年代，雏克多·高在 7.conducted考查过去分词。句意：研究人员进行的一项 中国农村长大，那时，小汽车和卡车非常罕见，他会和其 调查显示百分之50的孩子是由未婚的父母亲所生的。句 他孩子一起在土路上追逐它们，为这种奇怪的景象欣喜 中名词survey与conduct之间是动宾关系，要用过去分词短 若狂，表示年代应用定冠词，故填the。 语conducted by researchers作定语。所以要填conducted. 2.thrilled考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题解析，thrill与 8.to find考查动词不定式。句意：在印度家庭里三代人生 主语he之间为逻拜上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分 活在一起是很常见的。句中t是形式主语，真正的主语 词作状语，故填thrilled。 是动词不定式短语“"to find that three generations are liv- 3.with考查介词。句意：如今，中国是世界上最大的汽车 ing together in an Indian family。"所以要填to find.. 生产国，产量是美国的两倍多。分析句子结构可知，此处 9.t考查代词。句意：他们说除了加强传统家庭联系以 用with引导介词短语作伴随状语，故填with。 外，大家庭还可以给不再工作的老人提供安全。句中t 4,expected考查时态。句意：我从没想过一个普通中国家 指代前文中提到的“the extended family structure”,使用 庭会拥有一辆汽车，中国会成为一个主要的汽车生产国。 要填it。 此处应用一般过去时表示过去的动作，故填expected。. l0.indicates考查主谓一致。句意：他们认为老人生活在 5.completely考查副词。句意：中国的汽车产量超过关 护理中心说明很多社区里的老人在年老的时侯被抛弃 国，这完全是我没想到的。修饰介词短语beyond my wil- 了。主语phenomenon是单数形式，且表示一般事实，谓 dest dreams用副词，故填completely。 语动词也应用单效形式。所以要填indicates。 106