内容正文:
衔接点三
初升高专题特训
000000000000
题型一语法填空
课程要求
语法填空的考查形式是在一个语篇文本中,设10个空,设空分为给提示词和不给提示词两类
初中考点给提示词的,答案不多于3个词:无提示词的,答案只有一个词。考查词性语法,结合实际语
境、运用语法规则来确定所填单词的具体形式。
语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分
析能力,凸显交际性和语境化特征。
高中考点
无提示词一般考查:冠词、介词、连词、代词、助动词、固定搭配等。
有提示词一般考查:谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。
知识清单
初州语法执空考聚
Now he is quite good at playing chess online and
has made a lot of friends(friend)on the Internet
一、有提示词
at the same time.
考点1考查动词
考点3考查形容词
1.设空处是谓语动词的,考虑该词的时态和语态。
如果设空句出现了提示使用比较等级的关键词
The other day,we chatted with my grandmoth-
或短语时,则需要用提示词的适当形式填空。比
er,and mentioned video calling over the Inter-
net.It is invented/was invented (invent)for peo-
如形容词比较级前经常会有much,even,a little,
ple to see each other while talking online.
abit等关键词或短语出现,后会有than出现。
2.设空处如果不是谓语动词,就有可能是动词的非
My grandfather is much happier(happy)than before.
谓语形式
考点4考查代词
(1)Su Yu-shan,the manager of the store,says
1.考查物主代词
the environment can help people learn to do"soul
设空处后出现名词,常考查形容词性物主代词。
(灵魂)reading”by providing(provide)a private
The San people have another name-"bush peo
experience with each book that draws one's
ple".Their they)lifestyle is very simple,but
attention.
(2)Then I taught him how to use the Internet
they know more about animals and plants than
and how to play (play)chess online.
most people do.
考点2考查名词
2.考查人称代词
首先确定所给名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。如
But he was very disappointed when he found no-
果是可数名词,还需要确定用单数还是复数形式。
body here could play chess with him (he).
69
衔接必刷题
3.考查反身代词
Although Though While it might not be for
Now,she enjoys herself (her)when talking with
everyone,Wuguan Books creates a very different
us every day.She is happy and you can tell from
kind of environment from most bookstores.
the expression on her face.
考点3考查介词
考点5词性转换
介词经常出现在固定搭配或者短语中。
1.动词转换为形容词
"Grandpa,someone is waiting for you to play
After changing into the dress and getting my
chess,"I went to him and said.
makeup done,I felt relaxed(relax).
考点4考查副词
2.名词转换为形容词
副词经常在一些固定搭配或者短语中出现,比如:
With the help of his father-in-law,a builder,he
put off(推迟),turn on(打开),take off(起飞)等。
moved into a comfortable(comfort)new home af-
I climbed out of my tent and looked out at the
ter only four months.
mountain.
3.形容词转换为副词
考点5考查it的用法
The bookstore is almost completely (complete)
It is necessary to encourage kids to come up with new
dark,except for the shelves of books.
ways to make use of technology in school life.
4.动词转换为名词
Su Yu-shan,the manager(manage)of the store,
[经典例题]
says the environment can help people learn to do
语法填空
“soul(灵魂)reading"by providing a private experience
Madagascar has two seasons,a warm,wet sea-
with each book that draws one's attention.
son from November to April,and a cool,dry season
二、无提示词
between May and October.However,different
无提示词的一般是填写冠词、介词、连词、副
parts of the country have very different weather.
词、作形式主语或宾语的t等。
The east coast is 1.
(hot)and wet-
考点1考查冠词
ter,with up to 4,000 mm of rainfall per year.In
填写不定冠词时,注意其后单词若以元音音素开
the rainy season,there are strong winds,and these
头则使用an,以辅音音素开头则使用a。
can cause a lot of damage(破坏).Avoid2.
(1)The other day,we chatted with my grand-
(visit)eastern Madagascar between January and
mother,and mentioned video calling over the In-
March 3.
the weather can make road
ternet.It was invented for people to see each
travel very difficult.The dry season is cooler and
other while talking online.Then we came up
more 4.
(please).
with an idea.
The high,central part of the country is much
(2)I took him to the computer in my room and
drier and cooler.About 1,400 mm of rain 5.
said,Right here.”
(fall)in the rainy season,6.
some thun-
考点2考查连词
derstorms.The summer is usually sunny and dry.
并列的两个或多个单词、短语或句子之间设空,
7.
it can be cold,especially in the morn-
一般填人的连词有and,but,or,so。若句子之间
ings,with freezing showers,and it may snow in
为从属关系,则填从属连词。
mountain areas above 2,400 m.
701
衔接点三初升高专题特训
The west coast is the driest part of the island.
高中语法填空考点聚焦
Here,the winter 8.
(month)are nice with
little rain,cool temperatures and the blue sky.The
[基础知识]
summer can be extremely hot,9.
(espe-
全国卷语法填空考点设置有如下特点:
cial)in the southwest.This part of the country is semi-
、有提示词类:设置6~7个小题
desert,and only gets a little rain 10.
year.
1~2题。考查时态、语态及主谓
【语篇解读】本文介绍了马达加斯加的气候特点。
谓语
一致,其中涉及语态方面的不超过
l.【解析】根据设空处后“and wetter'”可知,此处
动词
1题,答案最多三个单词。
用hot的比较级hotter,故填hotter。
【答案】hotter
非谓语
1~2题。考查不定式、动名词与
动词
分词,每种最多设1题。
2.【解析】avoid doing sth.避免做某事。故填visit-
ing。
1~3题。考查方式有动词派生为名
高频
【答案】visiting
派生词
考点
词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容
3.【解析】设空处前后为因果关系,且前为果后为
词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
因,故填because.。
0~1题。主要考查可数名词的复
名词
【答案】because
数,也可能会考查名词的所有格。
4.【解析】由空前的cooler and more可知设空处
形容词
0~1题。主要考查形容词和副词
为形容词,pleasant“令人谕快的”,是形容词,比
和副词
词性的转换,以及其比较级或最
较级用more pleasant,故填pleasant。.
类
高级。
【答案】pleasant
代词:0~1题。一般给出人称代词的主格,
5.【解析】文章用一般现在时对马达加斯加的气
低频
要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主
候进行了描述。主语rain是不可数名词,谓语动
考点
代词、反身代词等。
词应为第三人称单数,故填falls。
二、无提示词类:设置3~4个小题
【答案】falls
6.【解析】此处意为“伴有雷雨天气”。with带有,
0~1题。重点考查常见介词的基
介词
本用法或固定搭配中的介词,一般
具有…特征。故填with。
不涉及短语介词。
【答案】with
0~1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛
7.【解析】设空处前后为转折关系,意为“夏天通
高频
冠词
指用法或固定搭配中的冠词,一般
常是晴朗干燥的,但也可能很冷,尤其是在早
考点
不涉及零冠词。
晨”。故用连词but。
0~2题。侧重于定语从句的引导
【答案】but
从属关
词。此外,名词性从句、状语从句也
8.【解析】根据空后的are可知这里名词为复数
联词
偶有涉及。
形式,因此用month的复数形式,故填months。
并列
0~1题。并列句的关联词也偶有
【答案】months
连词
涉及。
9.【解析】设空处修饰介词短语in the southwest.,
0~1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动
因此用especial的副词形式,故填especially。
低频
词的do,does,did:构成部分倒装的
【答案】especially
考点
do,does,did;构成一般疑问句的do,
其他
10.【解析】由语境可知,此处指每年只有很少的
does,did),构成强调结构的it或that,
降雨量。故填a/every:each。
连接性副词(before,ago,however.,any
【答案】a/every/each
way..)等。
71
衔接必刷题
一、“有提示词类”解题攻略
有提示词一“一看二思”解题法
先看给的是什么词
动词
名词
代词
形容词、刮词
↓
谓语动词
非谓语动词
词的派作
名
词的派非
比较等级
词的派
称
思转化和川法
时
代
主代词
身代
过
派
最
派
致
报语气
定
名词
在分词
去分词
为名词
生为形
的单复数
所有格
派生为动词
派牛为形容词
比较级
为副词
词
词
词
(一)高频考点之一:提示词为动词
1.考查谓语动词
若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是
解题
谓语动词:此时,应先考虑时态,考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态,然后考虑
攻略
语态,最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题,来确定谓语动词的数。
分析:分析句子结构可知,前半句是由while引导
While running regularly can't make you
的让步状语从句,后半句是主句,主句中含有一个
live forever,the review says it
典例1
宾语从句,即it.,or swimming作says的宾语。
(be)more effective at lengthening life than
又因此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时,
walking,cycling or swimming.
再根据主谓一致原则可知,应填is。
分析:分析句子成分可知,空格所在的句子中缺少
Diets have changed in China-and so too
谓语动词。根据时间状语Since2011可知,谓语
典例2 has its top crop.Since20ll,the country
动词需用现在完成时,根据句意可知应用主动语
(grow)more corn than rice.
态,再根据主谓一致原则可知填has grown。
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds分析:分析句子结构可知,when the government
that between 2005-when the government
(start)a soil-testing program为关系副
(start)a soil-testing program that
词when引导的定语从句,先行词为2005。通过
典例3
gives specific fertilizer recommendations to
分析定语从句可知从句中缺少谓语动词,再根据
farmers-and 2011,fertilizer use dropped
时间状语between2005可知应填一般过去时,根
by 7.7 million tons.
据句意可知需用主动语态,故填started。.
2.考查非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词,空处又不在句中作并列谓语时,所要填的通常是非谓语动词,此时需进
解题
一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说,作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式:
攻略
此外,doing表示主动、正在进行;done表示被动、完成;todo表示尚未发生的动作。
分析:第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run,故空
You don't have to run fast or for long
格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式o
see)the benefit.You may drink,
典例4
sce,作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce,故
smoke,be overweight and still reduce your
空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词o,结合
risk of
(die)early by running.
句意可知,应填dying,作介词of的宾语。
72
衔接点三初升高专题特训
Another reason for corn's rise:The government
分析:句中已有谓语动词encourages,故空格处应
典例5
encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice
为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式toim
(improve)water quality.
prove,作目的状语。
China's approach to protecting its environ-
分析:分析句子成分可知,句中已有谓语动词of
ment while
(feed)its citizens"of-
fers,再根据空格前有从属连词while可知,“while
6 fers useful lessons for agriculture and food
(feed)its citizens'”为时间状语从句的省
policymakers worldwide,"says the bank's
略结构,所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主
Juergen Voegele.
动关系,故应填现在分词feeding。
But my connection with pandas goes back
分析:when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was,
to my days on a TV show in the mid-
且从句中无其他连词,故空处应填非谓语动词。
1980s,when I was the first Western TV re-
典例7
reporter与permit之间是被动关系,故用过去分
porter
(permit)to film a special u-
词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to..作后置
nit caring for pandas rescued from starva-
定语,修饰reporter。.故填permitted。
tion in the wild.
3.考查派生词
有时所给提示词虽然是动词,但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词,而是要
解题
求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词
攻略
性。一般考查动词派生为名词,有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
This switch has decreased
(pollute)in
分析:分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动词has
8the country's major lakes and reservoirs and
decreased,其后缺少宾语,故填名词pollution。
made drinking water safer for people.
This development was only possible with
分析:由前面的定冠词the可知,其后应接名词,故
典例9the
(introduce)of electric-pow-
填introduction。
ered engines and lifts.
(二)高频考点之二:提示词为名词
解题攻略
所给提示词为名词时,通常考查可数名词的单数变复数,或名词派生为形容词、动词等。
Two of the authors of the review also made
分析:分析句子成分可知,from all
a study published in 2014 that showed a
(cause)为介词短语作后置定语,空处位于介词
典例10
mere five to 10 minutes a day of running re-
之后作宾语,又因空格前面有all,所以填其复数
duced the risk of heart disease and early
形式causes。.
deaths from all
(cause).
To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft分析:分析句子成分可知,空格前面有谓语动词
surfaces,do exercises to
d0,再根据句意可知,此处应填动词形式,与空
典例11
(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid
前的不定式符号t0构成不定式短语,在句中作
hills and get good running shoes.
目的状语。故填strengthen。
The Central London Railway was one of
分析:根据语境并结合空前的the most可知,空
典例12
the most
(success)of these new
处表达最高级意义。故填successful。
lines,and was opened in 1900.
73
衔接必刷题
(三)高频考点之三:提示词为形容词或副词
当提示词为形容词或副词时,需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换,
解题攻略
当提示词为形容词时,还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。
According to a review of evidence in a med-
分析:根据空格后面的than可知,此处考查比
典例13
ical journal,runners live three years
较级形式,故填longer。
(long)than non-runners.
A taste for meat is
(actual)behind
分析:分析句子成分可知,空处在句中作状语,
典例14
the change:An important part of its corn is
修饰谓语动词is应用副词。故填actually。
used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.
(四)低频考点:提示词为代词
解题
所给提示词是代词时,一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复
攻略
数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
When the gorillas and I frightened each
分析:因空处作动词find的宾语,故应填人称代
典例15
other,I was just glad to find
词的宾格形式,即them。
(they)alive.
On my recent visit,I held a lively three-
分析:mother是名词,所填词作定语修饰moth
典例16
month-old twin that had been rejected by
er,故填其形容词性物主代词its。
(it)mother.
二、“无提示词类”解题攻略
无提示词一“二定”解题法
先定填哪类词一
代词
介词
冠词
并列连词
从属关联词
其他语境填词
and.but
倒词
再定填什么词
it
的
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
指示代词
搭配中的
定冠词
0rs0
装句
while.
法
不定代词
介词的某木用法
不定冠词
for
e
语从句关系
代词、关系副词
词性从句从属
状语从句连接词
调句型的
固定搭配或句
hat
(一)高频考点之一:填介词
解题
当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。
对介词的考查通
攻略
常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。
My name is Mireya Mayor.I'm a scientist
who studies animals such as apes and mon-
分析:search for是固定搭配,表示“寻找”,此处指
keys.I was searching
these three
典例1
“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。故
western lowland gorillas I'd been observ-
填for。
ing.No one had seen them for hours,and
my colleagues and I were worried.
74
衔接点三初升高专题特训
It ran for just under seven kilometers and
allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on分析:travel to and from work表示“上下班”,故
典例2
the roads above as they travelled to and填from。
work.
(二)高频考点之二:填冠词
当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、
解题
表示特指意义的比较级等形式时,那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭
攻略
配中的用法。
Corn production has jumped nearly 125
分析:句意:玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近
典例3
percent over
past25 years,while125%,而大米只增长了7%。特指在过去的25年
rice has increased only 7 percent.
里。故填定冠词the。
Unexpectedly,I'm face-to-face with the go-
分析:固定短语at the top of'“在…的顶部”,此
典例4 rilla,who begins screaming at
top
处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。
of her lungs.
(三)高频考点之三:填从属关联词
当空格前后为两个句子,且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时,空格处应填从属关
解题
联词。一般情况下,考查的是定语从句的关联词,有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关
攻略
联词。
Two of the authors of the review also
made a study published in 2014
分析:分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从
典例5
showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of
句,修饰先行词a study,并在定语从句中作主语,
running reduced the risk of heart disease
故填that which。
and early deaths from all causes.
Over time,
the population grew,
分析:根据句意和句子结构可知,空格处引导时间
典例6
people began cutting food into small pieces
状语从句,表示“随着”或“当…时侯”,故填as/
so it would cook more quickly.
whene
(四)低频考点:填并列连词
解题
当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时,空格处一般是填并列连词。
攻略
Another reason for corn's rise:The gov-
ernment encourages farmers to grow corn
分析:根据比较级【ess可知,此处将玉米和水稻用
典例7
instead of rice to improve water quality.
水量进行比较,需填连词,故填than。
Corn uses less water
rice and
creates less fertilizer(化肥)runoff.
75
衔接必刷题
[轻松训练]
form a single family.In the last thirty years,how-
ever,the UK 5.
(see)a breakdown of the
语法填空
typical nuclear family.
A
Increased divorce rates,later marriage and a
When Victor Gao was growing up in rural
move away from marriage altogether have resulted
China in 1.
1970s,cars and trucks were so
6.
new forms of family:divorced parents
rare that he would chase them with the other chil-
will develop new relationships and take their kids
dren through the dirt roads,2.
(thrill)by
with them.A survey 7.
(conduct)by re-
the strange sight.Today,China is the world's lar-
searchers shows that over 50%of kids are now
gest automobile producer,3.
more than
born to parents who are not married.
double the capacity(产能)of the United States.
Some minority communities stick to the extended
“I never4.
(expect)that an ordinary
family structure,and it is common 8.
(find)
Chinese family would own a car and China would
that three generations are living together in an
be a major automobile making country,"Gao said,
Indian family.They say that apart from strengthe-
“It would be5.
(complete)beyond my
ning traditional family ties,9.
_can provide
wildest dreams that China would produce more au-
security for older people when they cannot work
tomobiles than the US.
anymore.They believe that the phenomenon of
other old people living in care homes 10.
December 18,2018 marks four 6.
(decade)since China started the process,7.
(indicate)that many old people in the wider com-
munity are abandoned in their old age.
would transform it from a poor country into an e-
C
conomic superpower.This era of great change
Senior citizens are the first to come to our
8.
(know)broadly as "Reform and Open-
mind when you think of hearing loss,but in a re-
ing".At the beginning of the reform era,China's
cent report,hearing professionals worry teenagers
GDP was just under 150 billion.Today,it has
will soon outnumber aging adults 1.
it
sharply increased to over$l2 trillion(万亿),fol
comes to living with hearing loss.
lowing only the United States.China holds about
The rise in popularity of personal audio de-
10%of global wealth.In the last 20 years alone,
vices from iPods to smart phones has had danger-
wealth per adult has quadrupled(成四倍),9.
ous effect on the ears of those who use them most,
(leave)fewer than 1%of the population in ex-
teenagers!A research 2.
(conduct)by the
treme poverty(贫困).China now has6o0 billion-
World Health Organization finds that nearly 50%
aires,a 10.
(high)number than anywhere
of teens 3.
(fall)into the habit of expo-
else in the world.
sing themselves to unsafe levels of sound so far.
B
A sound is considered unsafe when it goes be-
The makeup of British families has changed
yond 85 decibels().At that level,it takes just
1.
rapid)over the last two hundred
8 hours of listening over your lifetime to cause
years.The traditional family structure(结构)
damage.The louder the sound is,the 4.
before the Industrial Revolution was the extended
(little)time it takes to cause damage.Because hear-
family in 2.
three generations lived under
ing loss is 5.
(typical)considered a health
one roof.The early twentieth century saw the
problem for the elderly,it is difficult to convince
3.
(grow)of the nuclear family-parents
already stubborn teenagers that they really are do-
and a small number of 4.
(child)would
ing damage 6.
their ears.
76
一衔接点三初升高专题特训
Young adults 7.
have been exposed
The qualities of whisky come from the water
to loud noise over a period of time may have some
which 4.
(use)to make it the rich“peaty”
hearing loss symptoms.Their 8.
(able)to
(多泥炭的)water of Scotland.When whisky is first
learn is compromised,and they may have difficulty
made,it is 5.
(actual)clear,not brown in
colour.The colour comes from the wooden 6.
developing social skills.
(container)in which the whisky is stored for
In an effort to help teens better protect their
several years to allow it 7.
(mature)from
hearing,we suggest 9.
(set)volume limits
a little added sugar.
on personal audio devices.10.
is also
For many years,whisky has been one of the
good to limit the amount of time exposed to noise
most popular drinks all over the world,and Scot-
and to take listening breaks to give the ears a rest.
land 8.
(produce)more and more of it so
D
far.But whisky sales have not increased as fast,so
there are now large reserves of whisky in Scot-
The Truth about Whisky
land,especially the better and 9.
(much)
Whisky is probably 1.
most famous
expensive whisky.So a lot of the whisky sold today
product of Scotland.Whisky making provides work
was made several years ago when people thought
2.
several thousand people in the Scot-
that whisky would get more and more popular.
tish Highlands and islands,and whisky is
That is 10.
today,a lot of the whisky in
Scotland's biggest goods 3.
(sell)to every
the shops is marked with "Ten years old",or even
corner of the world.
“Fifteen years old”.
题型二阅读理解
破译“长难句”
课程要求
英语句子之所以难以理解有许多原因,其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。
高中破译
句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了许多附加部分,如插入语、同位语、分
“长难句”
隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等。下面我们来讲儿种英语阅读理解中长难句
的处理方法。
知识清单
一、理清句子主千
词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语,状语从句等。
英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,从表象看,似乎千
Lucy and Mary I get up early every morning.
变万化,难以捉摸;但从实质看,可以发现许多内在联
露茜和玛丽每天早晨起得很早。
系和共同规律。句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的
What he said|does not matter.他所说的不
句子,其实英语中最基本的句型只有五种,其他各种
重要。
句型都是由这五种基本句型演变而来的。掌握这五
They had talked for half an hour when I came
种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
in.当我进来时他们已经谈了半小时了。
基本句型一主语十谓语(不及物动词)
His parents have worked in the factory for
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:句子的谓语动
more than ten years.他父母在这家工厂工作了十
词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫作不及物动
年多了。
77衔接必刷题
IV.
6.decades 考查名词的数。句意:2018年12月18日是中国
1.主系表 主 谓 表 定语
开始从一个贫穷国家转变为超级经济大国40周年。前有数
翻译:你需要的是一个让你犯错误的好老师。
词four修饰,故用可数名词复数形式,故填decades.
2.主 让步状语
7.which 考查非限定性定语从句。句意:2018年12月18
翻译:尽管那些很酷的孩子可能让人羡慕,但Dr.Prin
日标志着中国从贫穷的国度一跃成为超级经济大国40
stein的研究显示了令人不满意的结果。
周年。关系词指代先行词process在非限定性定语从句
3.主 谓 宾 定
中作主语,故填which。
翻译;打开一本小说,我能放下我的负担,进人一个美妙
8.isknown 考查固定结构。句意:这个大变革的时代被广
而又神秘的世界,在那里现在我是一个全新的人物。
泛称为改革开放。beknownas作为......而出名。主语
4.主谓定定
是第三人称单数,且为客观事实,故填isknown。
翻译:这种小团队自行车旅行是看华盛顿樱花的极佳方
9. leaving 考查非谓语动词。句意:仅在过去的20年里,每
式,这些樱花之美享誉世界。
个成人的财富翻了两番,使得只有不到1%的人口仍处于
5.主 谓 状 定
贫困之中。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语,表示一种
翻译:知识渊博的导游会用一些关于总统、国会、纪念碑
自然而然的结果,故填leaving。
和公园的最有趣的故事来使你们快乐。
10.higher考查形容词比较级。句意:中国现在有600位
亿万富翁,比世界上任何地方都多。根据下文中的than
专题十五 定语从句
判断此处应用比较级形式。故填higher。
轻松训练
B
I. 1. which 2. when 3. which 4. whose 5. which
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍英国家庭组成
II. 1. which 2. which 3. when 4. that 5. who 6. that
结构在过去两百年所发生的变化情况。
1. rapidly
7. when 8. As 9. where 10. to whom
考查副词。句意:在过去的200年里,英国人的
家庭组成结构发生了快速的变化。在英语中通常使用副
专题十六 名词性从句
词修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子。本句中句中
轻松训练
changed是动词,要用副词修饰。所以要填rapidly。
1. what 2. when 3. what 4. where 5. what 6. that
2.which 考查定语从句。句意:在工业革命前英国传统的
7.if 8. who
家庭结构是三代居住在一起的大家庭。本句是一个定语
从句,应该使用关系代词指代先行词family,并在定语从
专题十七
特殊句式
句中做介词in的宾语,用关系代词which。所以要填
轻松训练
which.
3.growth 考查名词。句意:二十世纪初期建筑了核心家
1. There 2. Get 3. does 4. did 5. stands 6. are
7. that
庭的成长。句中saw是及物动词,后接名词作宾语。
growth是动词grow的名词形式。所以要填growth。
初升高专题特训
衔接点三
4.children 考查名词复数。句意:父母亲和孩子们形成了
单个的家庭。child是可数名词,其前有anumberof修饰
时要用复数形式。所以要填children。
题型一 语法填空
5.hasseen 考查动词时态。句意;在过去三十年里,英国
见证了核心家庭的破裂。根据时间状语Inthe last thirty
轻松训练
years要用现在完成时态,且主语UK是单数形式,助动
A
词用has。所以要填hasseen。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国改革开放四
6.in考查动词固定搭配。句意:越来越高的离婚率、晚婚
十年取得了巨大的成就,从贫穷的国度一跃成为超级经济
晚育等原因导致了核心家庭的破裂。动词短语in意为
大国。
“引起,导致”,是固定搭配。所以句中要填in.
1.the 考查冠词。句意:20世纪70年代,维克多·高在
7.conducted 考查过去分词。句意:研究人员进行的一项
中国农村长大,那时,小汽车和卡车非常罕见,他会和其
调查显示百分之50的孩子是由未婚的父母亲所生的。句
他孩子一起在土路上追逐它们,为这种奇怪的景象欣喜
中名词survey与conduct之间是动宾关系,要用过去分词短
若狂,表示年代应用定冠词,故填the。
语conducted by researchers作定语。所以要填conducted.
2.thrilled 考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题解析,thrill与
8.tofind 考查动词不定式。句意:在印度家庭里三代人生
主语he之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分
活在一起是很常见的。句中it是形式主语,真正的主语
词作状语,故填thrilled
是动词不定式短语“tofind that three generations are liv
3.with 考查介词。句意:如今,中国是世界上最大的汽车
ing together in an Indian family。”所以要填to find.
生产国,产量是美国的两倍多。分析句子结构可知,此处
9.it 考查代词。句意:他们说除了加强传统家庭联系以
用with引导介词短语作伴随状语,故填with。
外,大家庭还可以给不再工作的老人提供安全。句中it
4.expected 考查时态。句意:我从没想过一个普通中国家
指代前文中提到的“the extended family structure”,使用
庭会拥有一辆汽车,中国会成为一个主要的汽车生产国
要填it。
此处应用一般过去时表示过去的动作,故填expected。
10. indicates 考查主谓一致。句意:他们认为老人生活在
5.completely考查副词。句意:中国的汽车产量超过美
护理中心说明很多社区里的老人在年老的时候被抛弃
国,这完全是我没想到的。修饰介词短语beyondmywil-
了。主语phenomenon是单数形式,且表示一般事实,谓
dest dreams用副词,故填completely。
语动词也应用单数形式。所以要填indicates。
106
参考答案
C
6. containers 考查名词的数。句意:威士忌的颜色来自于
本文属于说明文,短文介绍了青少年由于长
【语篇解读】
储存多年它的木质容器。此处容器不止一个,故用复数
时间听过高音量的设备,因而听力损失的情况越来越严重,
形式,containers。
有必要采取措施。
7.tomature 考查非谓语动词。句意:威士忌的颜色来自
1.when 考查固定句型。句意:当提到听力丧失时,我们首
于木质容器,威士忌可以在其中存放数年,使其从少量添
先想到的是老年人,但在最近的一份报告中,听力专家担
加糖中成熟。固定短语allowtodosth.“允许做某事”后
心,就听力丧失而言,青少年的数量将很快超过老年人。
跟不定式,故填tomature。
本句为句型when it comes to sth.当谈及某事,故填
8.hasproduced考查动词时态。句意:到目前为止,苏格
when。
兰生产的威士忌也越来越多。根据时间状语sofar可知,
2. conducted 考查非谓语动词。句意:世界卫生组织做的
本句应用现在完成时,故填hasproduced。
一份调查发现接近一半的青少年已经养成了把自己暴露
9.more 考查形容词。句意:但是威士忌的销量并没有那
在过大音量的环境中。分析句子可知,conduct作定语修
么快的增长,所以现在苏格兰有大量的威士忌储备,尤其
饰research,与其为动宾关系,故填过去分词形式conducted
是更好更贵的威士忌。此处表示比较,应用比较级more。
3.havefallen考查动词时态和语态。句意:世界卫生组织
10.why考查表语从句引导词。句意:这就是为什么今天
做的一份调查发现接近一半的青少年已经养成了把自己
很多商店里的威士忌都标着”十年”,甚至“十五年”。此
暴露在过大音量的环境中。由于有sofar修饰,描述过去
处why引导表语从句,表原因。故填why。
动作对现在的影响,故用现在完成时,主语为teens,故用
have fallen。fall into the habit of 养成...的习惯。故填
题型二 阅读理解--破译“长难句”
have fallen。
轻松训练
4.less 考查比较级。句意:音量越大,那么造成损害的时
1.考点开发:(1)who
(2)pointing
间就越短。本句为结构the十比较级十句子,the十比较级
句子翻译;Sparks说“我认为我们会做出改变”,他指出是
十句子,故填less。
自己对漫画的热爱激励了他。
5.typically考查副词。句意:听力损失是一个典型的老年
2.考点开发:have beenreading
人问题,因此很难说服固执的青少年他们正在损害自己
高考链接:(1)have been waiting
的耳朵。修饰动词用副词,故填typically。
(2)has been workin
(3)have been trying
6.to 考查介词。句意:听力损失是一个典型的老年人问
3.考点开发:(1)including (2)particularly
题,因此很难说服顽固青少年他们正在损害自己的耳朵。
本句为固定短语dodamage tosth.损害某物,故用to。
句子翻译:这是一个荣誉的象征,尤其是因为甲板顶部的
草坪面临着海里生长的挑战,包括来自于海水的腐蚀,而
7.who/that 考查定语从句。句意:在暴露于过大音量一
段时间后,青少年会出现一些听力损失的症状。分析句
这些海水在船靠岸之前必须马上清洗掉并且进行彻底的
子可知,"have been exposed to loud noise over a period o
清洁检查。
time”作定语从句修饰“youngadults”,从句缺少主语,故
高考链接:(1)finally (2)extremely
填关系代词who或者that。
4.考点开发:(1)ships surprising (2)seems
8.ability考查名词。句意:他们学习的能力就会受到影
句子翻译:虽然在移动的游轮上赤脚走过草地的选择似
响。由于代词their修饰,故用名词ability。故填ability。
乎很棒,但是还有许多其他的船试图超越彼此,给客人提
9. setting 考查非谓语动词。句意;为了更好保护青少年的
供更多令人惊讶的选择。
听力,我建议对播放设备进行音量限制。本句为sugges
题型三 完形填空
的用法suggest doing sth.建议做某事,故填setting。
轻松训练
10. It 考查it。句意:这不仅可以减少被暴露在过高音量
【语篇解读】
的时间,也可以让耳朵休息一下。本句为it作形式主
本文为记叙文,主题语境为人与自我。作者
语,真正主语为后面的不定式,故填1t。
过去喜欢看电视和玩电脑游戏,现在决心改变自已,于是参
加了长跑俱乐部,而且通过不断努力终于不再是最后一名。
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。威士忌是苏格兰特产,为
1.C 根据下文“sportsorconflict”可知作者不喜欢比赛、运
苏格兰人提供很多就业岗位和出口到世界各地。
动等事情。rule规则;art艺术;competition竞争,比赛;
1.the 考查冠词。句意:威士忌是苏格兰最著名的产品。
schoolwork课外作业。
修饰最高级应用定冠词,故填the。
2.B 句意:我唯一喜欢的活动是像看电视和玩电脑游戏之
2.for 考查介词。句意:威士忌为苏格兰高地和岛屿上的
类没有意义的事情。endless无穷无尽的;pointless无意
几千人提供工作。固定短语providesth.for sb.“提供某
义的;important重要的;challenging挑战的。
物给某人”,故填介词for。
3.A 根据下文作者加入了长跑俱乐部可知,作者意识到自
3.sold 考查非谓语。句意:威士忌是苏格兰最大的商品,
己需要改变自己。句意:就在我上高中三年级的时候,我
销往世界各地。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连
意识到我需要改变自我。
词,故sell只能做非谓语,与逻辑主语goods构成被动关
4.A 根据下文“everystudentwas accepted”可知,参加俱
系,故填sold。
乐部没有资格考验,谁都可以加入。trial考验,试验;al
4. isused 考查被动语态。此处是指水被用来制作威士忌
ternative选择;opportunity机会;reason理由。
酒,且描述客观事实,主语为单数,故用一般现在时的被
5.B 句意:当大家在训练的第一天聚在一起时,教练宣布
动语态isused。
是时候热身了。competitor竞争者;coach教练;reporter
5.actually考查副词。句意:当威士忌酒初次酿造时,它的
记者;referee裁判员。
颜色实际上是清激的,而不是棕色的。此处用副词作状
6. D 根据下文“aroundthe 400-metre track”可知,作者一
语修饰谓语动词,故填actually。
开始以为热身就只是围绕400米跑道进行的随意慢跑。
-107