Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage Unit 2 Understanding each other 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习。 (改编自2022年新课标Ⅰ读后续写原文) I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him the matter ①that had happened.“I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him，②which would make him frustrated，” he explained uncomfortably.“I gave him the choice to run or not，and let him decide.” 语境感悟 I bit back my frustration(懊恼).I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing.After making sure that David could run if he wanted，I turned to find David，③whose small body rocked from side to side as he swung his feet forward. David had a brain disease ④which prevented him from walking or running like other children，but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.He always participated to the best of his ability in anything ⑤that they were doing.That was the reason ⑥why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team.It just took him longer—that’s all.David had not missed a single practice，and although he always finished his run long after the other children，he did always finish.As a special education teacher at the school ⑦who was familiar with David’s challenges，I was proud of his strong determination. [自主发现] 1. 是限制性定语从句， 是非限制性定语从句。 2. 中的加黑单词为关系代词； 中的加黑单词为关系副词，可以替换为“介词＋ ”。 ①④⑤⑥⑦ ②③ ①②③④⑤⑦ ⑥ which 语法总览 语法精讲 一、定义 在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词)，一个短语，一个分句或一个完整的句子。引导定语从句的词叫 定语从句 关系词，关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：连接主句和从句；替代先行词；在从句中充当句子成分。 二、定语从句的分类 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，其区别如下：   限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 不用逗号与主句隔开 用逗号与主句隔开 功能 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果删除，主句则失去意义或意思不完整 只是对先行词的补充说明，如果删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思 翻译 一般把定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，“……的” 通常把定语从句翻译成主句的并列句   限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 关系词的使用 ①关系词作宾语时可省略 ②可用 that和why ③可用 who 代替 whom ①关系词一般不可省略 ②不用 that和why ③不可用 who 代替 whom 先行词 只能是名词或代词 可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子 People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人寿命长些。 His daughter，who is in Boston now，is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。 [温馨提示] 当先行词是way且在从句中表示“以……的方式”时，常由in which或that引导定语从句，引导词也可以省略。 The way (that/in which) he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 他向我们解释这个句子的方式并不难理解。 三、关系代词的用法 (一)关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 作主语、宾语 whom 人 作宾语 whose(＝of whom/of which) 人或物 作定语 that 人或物 作主语、宾语、表语 which 物或事 作主语、宾语 as 人、物或事 作主语、宾语 This woman has set a good example to her son，who is a really lucky guy. 这位女士给她的儿子树立了一个好榜样，他是一个非常幸运的小伙子。 We’ll reach the sales target in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year. 我们将在一个月内完成年初定下的销售目标。 However，because of poverty，Nolan has to leave high school and find a job，whose life/the life of whom/of whom the life is full of ups and downs.然而，由于贫困，诺兰不得不从高中辍学去找工作，他的生活充满了起起落落。 [温馨提示] 1.whose是表示所属关系的代词，在定语从句中作定语，修饰人或物。of which 可以代替whose 修饰物，词序一般是“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”。of whom 可以代替 whose 修饰人，词序是“the＋名词＋of whom”或“of whom＋the＋名词”。 2.as可用来引导限制性和非限制性定语从句。as的先行词通常都由same或such来修饰。 (二)关系代词that与which的用法区别 宜用that的情况 先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时 先行词被all，any，few，little，much，some，no等词修饰或被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰时 先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时 先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词修饰时 先行词既有人又有物时 主句是who或which等引出的特殊疑问句时 宜用which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时用which不用that 介词后用which不用that Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ This is one of the most exciting basketball games that my nephew has ever seen. 这是我侄子看过的最激动人心的篮球比赛之一。 The geophysicist and his achievements that you told me are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位地球物理学家和他所取得的成就。 Which is the kindergarten that you used to be studying in? 你以前就读的那家幼儿园是哪一家？ They secretly built up a small factory，which could cause pollution. 他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这家工厂可能会造成污染。 It was hard for him to learn English in a family in which neither of the parents spoke the language.对他来说在一个父母都不说英语的家庭中学英语很难。 (三)关系代词which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别   which as 位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等。 从句谓语常用被动。 意思上 “这一点” “正如……，正像……的那样” The award-winning book was written by a teenager，which was，indeed，beyond all expectations. 这本获奖的书是一个十几岁的孩子写的，这确实出乎所有人的意料。 As is known to us all，failure usually results from laziness，while diligence can result in success.众所周知，失败通常源于懒惰，而勤奋可以铸就成功。 [温馨提示] as引导的定语从句的常见结构有： as is often the case情况常是如此 as often happens这种情况常发生 as has been said before正如以前所说的 as is known to all＝as we all know众所周知 as is reported/said正如所报道/说的那样 四、关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 先行词 句法功能 when 表时间 作时间状语 where 表地点(具体或抽象) 作地点状语 why(只引导限制性定语从句) 表原因 作原因状语 We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个比以往任何时候更容易获得更多信息的时代。 Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 古代中国是一个各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。 The reason why my favourite sport is playing basketball is that it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life. 我最喜爱的体育运动是打篮球，原因是它一直给我力量来面对生活中的挑战。 [温馨提示] where引导定语从句时，先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place，home，school，village等)外，还可以是表示抽象地点的名词(如 job，life，situation，point，case，stage，activity 等)。 Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills. 在销售总监这个职位上，沟通能力和销售技巧一样重要。 To learn English effectively，you should not only have a good command of the grammar，but understand the culture where it is spoken. 要想有效地学习英语，你不仅要掌握好语法，还要了解说英语的国家的文化。 五、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.介词和关系代词的确定 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指事/物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的某种习惯搭配；②从句中动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。 The man (who/whom/that) I talked with at the meeting is from Peking University. ＝The man with whom I talked at the meeting is from Peking University. 在会议中与我谈话的那个人来自北京大学。 Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所从事的事业。 We’ll climb Mangshan Mountain in the morning，on whose top we’ll have a picnic at noon. 我们上午去爬莽山，中午在山顶上野餐。 [温馨提示] 一些固定的动词词组中的介词不可以提到关系代词之前。 This is the diamond (that/which) the policemen are looking for. 这就是警察正在找的那颗钻石。 2.“of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each 等代词或数词后表示整体与部分的关系可以用“of which/whom”。 He has a lot of friends，some of whom will offer help to him when he is in trouble. 他有许多朋友，当他遇到麻烦时有一些朋友会给他提供帮助。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.He was late for the opening ceremony， was very surprising to me. 2.The world has been changing at such a high speed no one has expected. 3.We have entered an age dreams have the best chance of coming true. 4.Can you still remember the time we spent together in our childhood? 达标检测 which as when that/which 5.The number of smokers， is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 6.My daughter， job requires her to do a lot of travelling，is always away from home. 7.Cheapness is not the only factor makes the goods acceptable. 8.My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons they remembered in the school. 9.Many young people，most of were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. as whose that that whom 10.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of has been proved. which Ⅱ.用定语从句完成句子 1.所有来自那个国家的人工作都更加努力。 All the people work much harder. 2.妈妈总把我当小孩子对待，这是我不能忍受的。 My mother always treats me like a baby， . 3.我永远不会忘记我被大学录取的那一天。 I will never forget the day . 4.你知道中国有很多传统艺术形式，其中剪纸是最受欢迎的。 You know there are many traditional art forms in China，_____________ ________________________________. who/that come from that country which I can’t bear/stand when/on which I was admitted into a university of which paper-cutting is the most popular 本课结束 $$ Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成下面的练习。 (改编自2022年新课标Ⅰ读后续写原文) I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him the matter ①that had happened.“I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him，②which would make him frustrated，” he explained uncomfortably.“I gave him the choice to run or not，and let him decide.” I bit back my frustration(懊恼)．I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing.After making sure that David could run if he wanted，I turned to find David，③whose small body rocked from side to side as he swung his feet forward. David had a brain disease ④which prevented him from walking or running like other children，but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.He always participated to the best of his ability in anything ⑤that they were doing.That was the reason ⑥why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team.It just took him longer—that’s all.David had not missed a single practice，and although he always finished his run long after the other children，he did always finish.As a special education teacher at the school ⑦who was familiar with David’s challenges，I was proud of his strong determination. [自主发现] 1．①④⑤⑥⑦是限制性定语从句，②③是非限制性定语从句。 2．①②③④⑤⑦中的加黑单词为关系代词；⑥中的加黑单词为关系副词，可以替换为“介词＋which”。 定语从句 一、定义 在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词)，一个短语，一个分句或一个完整的句子。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：连接主句和从句；替代先行词；在从句中充当句子成分。 二、定语从句的分类 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，其区别如下： 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 不用逗号与主句隔开 用逗号与主句隔开 功能 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果删除，主句则失去意义或意思不完整 只是对先行词的补充说明，如果删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思 翻译 一般把定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，“……的” 通常把定语从句翻译成主句的并列句 关系词的使用 ①关系词作宾语时可省略 ②可用 that和why ③可用 who 代替 whom ①关系词一般不可省略 ②不用 that和why ③不可用 who 代替 whom 先行词 只能是名词或代词 可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子 People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人寿命长些。 His daughter，who is in Boston now，is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。 [温馨提示] 当先行词是way且在从句中表示“以……的方式”时，常由in which或that引导定语从句，引导词也可以省略。 The way (that/in which) he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 他向我们解释这个句子的方式并不难理解。 三、关系代词的用法 (一)关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 作主语、宾语 whom 人 作宾语 whose(＝of whom/of which) 人或物 作定语 that 人或物 作主语、宾语、表语 which 物或事 作主语、宾语 as 人、物或事 作主语、宾语 This woman has set a good example to her son，who is a really lucky guy. 这位女士给她的儿子树立了一个好榜样，他是一个非常幸运的小伙子。 We’ll reach the sales target in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year. 我们将在一个月内完成年初定下的销售目标。 However，because of poverty，Nolan has to leave high school and find a job，whose life/the life of whom/of whom the life is full of ups and downs.然而，由于贫困，诺兰不得不从高中辍学去找工作，他的生活充满了起起落落。 The newly-built cafe，whose walls/the walls of which/of which the walls are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建的墙体被涂成浅绿色的咖啡厅对我们而言确实是个安静的场所，尤其是在辛苦工作之后。 I have the same difficulty as you had last year. 我也有和你去年一样的困难。 [温馨提示] 1．whose是表示所属关系的代词，在定语从句中作定语，修饰人或物。of which 可以代替whose 修饰物，词序一般是“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”。of whom 可以代替 whose 修饰人，词序是“the＋名词＋of whom”或“of whom＋the＋名词”。 2．as可用来引导限制性和非限制性定语从句。as的先行词通常都由same或such来修饰。 (二)关系代词that与which的用法区别 宜用that的情况 先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时 先行词被all，any，few，little，much，some，no等词修饰或被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰时 先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时 先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词修饰时 先行词既有人又有物时 主句是who或which等引出的特殊疑问句时 宜用which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时用which不用that 介词后用which不用that Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ This is one of the most exciting basketball games that my nephew has ever seen. 这是我侄子看过的最激动人心的篮球比赛之一。 The geophysicist and his achievements that you told me are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位地球物理学家和他所取得的成就。 Which is the kindergarten that you used to be studying in? 你以前就读的那家幼儿园是哪一家？ They secretly built up a small factory，which could cause pollution. 他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这家工厂可能会造成污染。 It was hard for him to learn English in a family in which neither of the parents spoke the language.对他来说在一个父母都不说英语的家庭中学英语很难。 (三)关系代词which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等。 从句谓语常用被动。 意思上 “这一点” “正如……，正像……的那样” The award-winning book was written by a teenager，which was，indeed，beyond all expectations. 这本获奖的书是一个十几岁的孩子写的，这确实出乎所有人的意料。 As is known to us all，failure usually results from laziness，while diligence can result in success.众所周知，失败通常源于懒惰，而勤奋可以铸就成功。 [温馨提示] as引导的定语从句的常见结构有： as is often the case情况常是如此 as often happens这种情况常发生 as has been said before正如以前所说的 as is known to all＝as we all know众所周知 as is reported/said正如所报道/说的那样 四、关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 先行词 句法功能 when 表时间 作时间状语 where 表地点(具体或抽象) 作地点状语 why(只引导限制性定语从句) 表原因 作原因状语 We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个比以往任何时候更容易获得更多信息的时代。 Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 古代中国是一个各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。 The reason why my favourite sport is playing basketball is that it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life. 我最喜爱的体育运动是打篮球，原因是它一直给我力量来面对生活中的挑战。 [温馨提示] where引导定语从句时，先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place，home，school，village等)外，还可以是表示抽象地点的名词(如 job，life，situation，point，case，stage，activity 等)。 Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills. 在销售总监这个职位上，沟通能力和销售技巧一样重要。 To learn English effectively，you should not only have a good command of the grammar，but understand the culture where it is spoken. 要想有效地学习英语，你不仅要掌握好语法，还要了解说英语的国家的文化。 五、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．介词和关系代词的确定 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指事/物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的某种习惯搭配；②从句中动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。 The man (who/whom/that) I talked with at the meeting is from Peking University. ＝The man with whom I talked at the meeting is from Peking University. 在会议中与我谈话的那个人来自北京大学。 Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所从事的事业。 We’ll climb Mangshan Mountain in the morning，on whose top we’ll have a picnic at noon. 我们上午去爬莽山，中午在山顶上野餐。 [温馨提示] 一些固定的动词词组中的介词不可以提到关系代词之前。 This is the diamond (that/which) the policemen are looking for. 这就是警察正在找的那颗钻石。 2．“of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each 等代词或数词后表示整体与部分的关系可以用“of which/whom”。 He has a lot of friends，some of whom will offer help to him when he is in trouble. 他有许多朋友，当他遇到麻烦时有一些朋友会给他提供帮助。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He was late for the opening ceremony，which was very surprising to me. 2．The world has been changing at such a high speed as no one has expected. 3．We have entered an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true. 4．Can you still remember the time that/which we spent together in our childhood? 5．The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 6．My daughter，whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling，is always away from home. 7．Cheapness is not the only factor that makes the goods acceptable. 8．My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 9．Many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 10．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. Ⅱ.用定语从句完成句子 1．所有来自那个国家的人工作都更加努力。 All the people who/that come from that country work much harder. 2．妈妈总把我当小孩子对待，这是我不能忍受的。 My mother always treats me like a baby，which I can’t bear/stand. 3．我永远不会忘记我被大学录取的那一天。 I will never forget the day when/on which I was admitted into a university. 4．你知道中国有很多传统艺术形式，其中剪纸是最受欢迎的。 You know there are many traditional art forms in China，of which paper-cutting is the most popular. 训练3　Grammar and usage　[分值：74.5分] Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．(2024·浙江1月)Of course，shops are not charities—they price goods in the way that/which will make them the most money. 2．(2023·全国乙)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life... 3．(2023·全国甲)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins... 4．(2022·新课标Ⅰ)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 5．(2022·浙江1月)Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics who/that are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 6．(2021·浙江1月)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool which/that gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 7．Many lessons are now available，from which students can choose for free. 8．In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike. 9．Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 10．For instance，TCM uses about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species，including the tiger，rhinoceros，and sea horse，which are all in danger. Ⅱ.单句写作(每小题3分，共12分) 1．中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 China is a country which/that has a long history. 2．太极是一项古老的武术形式，源于中国传统文化。 Tai Chi，which originates from traditional Chinese culture，is an old martial art form. 3．对活动感兴趣的人应该在截止日期之前到学生会报名。 Those who are interested in the activity should sign up at the Student Council by the deadline. 4．如果你想掌握汉语，你应该置身于一种你能轻松接触到汉语的学习氛围中。 If you want to have a good command of Chinese，you should put yourself in a learning atmosphere where/in which you can be exposed to Chinese easily. Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·安徽亳州期末) As children，our mother always taught my brother and me the value of acquiring life skills.“It sets you apart，” she would say.While my brother chose the path of mastering musical instruments，I gravitated towards the field of languages.Growing up in a multilingual household where Mandarin，Cantonese，and English mixed，I felt it natural to continue exploring new linguistic possibilities. Languages fascinated me.I was attracted by the way words gracefully rolled off tongues and how each language seemed to unlock a door to an entirely new world，no matter how challenging they were to learn. Eager to try beyond Asian languages，it was my mother who suggested French as a suitable starting point.The elegance and poetic charm of the language quickly attracted me.The melodic flow and the way the words effortlessly danced off my tongue caused a thrilling feeling，fuelling my desire to explore deeper into its complexity.Interestingly，despite my passion and talent for it，French proved to be the language that took the longest to fully grasp.Nevertheless，I insisted and never gave up expanding my linguistic arsenal(宝库)． After realizing that Spanish wasn’t the right fit for me，I found myself addicted to the fascinating world of German.Being enrolled in a German-speaking school speeded my progress，and two years later，my command of German surpassed(超过) my years of studying French.As time passed，I added Latin，Ancient Greek，and Japanese to my linguistic arsenal. It fact，speaking multiple languages is not a mere accomplishment；it is a joyous celebration of the richness of human expression.For me，it serves as a powerful tool to develop connections with others on a great level，where humanity unites in a shared pursuit of compassion，harmony and mutual respect. 1．Why did the author’s mother value acquiring life skills? A．It contributes to future success. B．It is a tradition in their family. C．It is part of making a living. D．It makes an individual outstanding. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“As children，our mother always taught my brother and me the value of acquiring life skills.‘It sets you apart，’ she would say.”可知，作者的母亲重视掌握生活技能是因为它使一个人脱颖而出。故选D项。 2．How did the author like a new language? A．It widened his world. B．It was necessary for his future. C．It was a valuable part of his life. D．It boosted his confidence. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“...how each language seemed to unlock a door to an entirely new world，no matter how challenging they were to learn.”可知，作者觉得一门新语言可以拓宽他的世界。故选A项。 3．What can we know about the author’s learning French? A．He showed little interest in it. B．He found it challenging. C．He considered it unsuitable. D．He quit it halfway. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“French proved to be the language that took the longest to fully grasp”可知，作者花了最长的时间才完全掌握法语，即学习法语对作者来说是有挑战性的。故选B项。 4．Which of the following words can best describe the author? A．Organized. B．Reliable. C．Creative. D．Determined. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，虽然学习法语很难，但作者并未放弃，而且一直在学习其他新的语言。由此可知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D项。 B Rosie，a first-year university student in Beijing，entered a classroom for her oral English exam and handed her topic across the table to Joe，a foreign teacher.“In middle school，my classmates laughed at me for having deaf-mute(聋哑) parents，” she began softly.“From that moment on，I decided not to tell anybody.But today...” It’s widely considered taboo(忌讳) in Chinese to discuss the details of an unhappy family life with anyone other than very close friends.However，as Joe has noticed，many Chinese students appear surprisingly comfortable discussing emotional moments from their lives when they speak with foreign teachers in a language different from their own. “When speaking English，” one of his Chinese students told him，“I feel like another person.” When speaking Chinese，he is kind of reserved；in English class，he is more open.English，to the Chinese speaker，may be like a mask，creating a buffer(缓冲物) between speaking the truth and the listener’s reaction.Students focus on how to speak rather than what is being said.If there’s a misunderstanding，English can take the blame. Another reason why Chinese students are more comfortable sharing their secrets during English class may be the distinct approach to teaching used by their foreign teachers.“I always try to come to each student，make eye contact，have a 20-second conversation and see how they are doing，” Joe said.Classes taught by Chinese teachers，in contrast，are more formal.Many students said they had never been asked their opinions in class. Rosie’s English vocabulary is now extensive，but she still can’t find the words to describe her feelings towards the English language.“English makes me feel I am different，” she said.“English is beautiful.” 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以学生罗茜的故事为切入点，讲述中国学生用英语分享秘密时感觉更自在，并阐述了其原因。 5．What can we infer from paragraph 1? A．Rosie and Joe are good friends. B．Rosie will mention her personal affairs. C．Rosie looks down upon the disabled. D．Rosie lacks confidence in the oral exam. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“From that moment on，I decided not to tell anybody.But today...”可知，从第一段我们可以推断出罗茜会提到她的私事。故选B项。 6．What does the underlined word “reserved” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Terrified. B．Curious. C．Shy. D．Distinctive. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文“in English class，he is more open”可知，此处“reserved”与“open”意思相反，意为“害羞的”。故选C项。 7．What is the main idea of paragraph 3 and 4? A．How students feel when speaking English. B．What Joe’s approach to teaching English is. C．How Chinese acts as a mask during communication. D．Why students prefer to share emotional stories in English. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段和第四段内容，并结合第四段中“Another reason why Chinese students are more comfortable sharing their secrets during English class may be the distinct approach to teaching used by their foreign teachers.”可知，这两段主要讲述了为什么学生喜欢用英语分享情感故事。故选D项。 8．Which might be the best title of this passage? A．Sharing Secrets in English B．English Is a Beautiful Language C．Learning with Foreign Teachers D．Which Is More Popular，Chinese or English? 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。综合全文内容可知，文章以学生罗茜的故事为切入点，讲述中国学生用英语分享秘密时感觉更自在，并阐述了其原因。由此可知，本文的最佳标题是“用英语分享秘密”。故选A项。 Ⅳ.七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) When we answer questions with silence，it is often very powerful indeed. 1 For some people，silence comes naturally.But there are quite a few of us who need to learn the art of practicing silence.Read on for more reasons to try silence in your daily communications. Silence gets people’s attention If you have ever been in a classroom，you have most likely experienced how silence often gets everyone’s attention.When the teacher stops talking，a signal goes to the brain that something has happened. 2 The same is true in our daily conversations.If we fall silent，people will notice it and we gain their attention. Silence uses body language Often our body language is a more powerful way of communicating than what comes out of our mouth. 3 The ability to understand and use body language is a powerful tool that can help you connect with others，express what you really mean，and build better relationships. Silence offers sympathy for others There are times in life when silence offers sympathy and understanding to others.Sometimes we simply don’t have the right words to communicate to someone who is struggling with a hurtful or painful situation.But we can still show them that we care and we are there for them. 4 Silence is polite 5 They may be radio broadcasts，news channels，stores and the constant chatter of people around us.So when we do get the chance to talk，we usually feel like we have to fill every thought into a short period of time.However，when we are silent we give others a chance to speak.We show them that they matter. A．We can offer comfort by our calming silence. B．The silence often leaves the other person puzzled. C．To comfort them，you may tell them a similar painful situation. D．Often the other person would quickly get the needed answer in silence. E．Our facial expressions，eye contact，and even tone of voice speak the loudest. F．We live in a society where we are fighting with so many sources of information. G．All of a sudden，you pay attention and wonder why communication has stopped. 1．答案　D 解析　上文提到沉默是对问题的有力回答，即对方能从沉默中找到答案。故D选项“通常对方会很快在沉默中得到所需的答案”符合语境，故选D。 2．答案　G 解析　上文提到老师停止讲话会吸引学生的注意力，G选项“突然间，你集中注意力，想知道为什么交流停止了”承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 3．答案　E 解析　根据本段小标题和上文可知，本句承接上文举例说明肢体语言有哪些，故E选项“我们的面部表情，眼神交流，甚至是语调都是最响亮的声音”符合语境，故选E。 4．答案　A 解析　根据上文可知，沉默会给他人带来同情和理解，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文。故A选项“我们可以通过平静的沉默来提供安慰”符合语境，故选A。 5．答案　F 解析　下文“They may be radio broadcasts，news channels，stores and the constant chatter of people around us.”提到了无线电广播、新闻频道、商店和我们周围人的喋喋不休，即各种信息的来源。故F选项“我们生活在一个与如此多的信息来源作斗争的社会”符合语境，且选项中的sources of information是下文中的They指代的对象，故选F。 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) There was a time when I was tired of learning English and disliked 1.speaking(speak) English.And this was the reason why my father forced me to attend a 30-day training course in 2.an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club，3.where I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.4.Fortunately(fortunate)，my guide communicated with me face to face，from whom I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced a good partner to me，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted 5.to the life there.Every day I would talk to other teenagers and set down a series of 6.activities(activity) that we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide，who encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting 7.to learn(learn) English，into which I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through which I can 8.memoriz(s)e(memory) a large number of new words.9.As our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you 10.will master(master) English sooner or later.” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$