热点11 环境保护-2025年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（安徽专用）

热点11 环境保护 2025年环境保护聚焦“精准治污”与“绿色增长”双轮驱动，从新污染物攻坚到碳中和实践，中国正以系统性思维构建生态治理新格局。 一、新污染物治理：从源头防控到精准施策 2025年，生态环境部将新污染物治理列为污染防治攻坚战的核心任务之一，重点聚焦石化、涂料、纺织印染等六大高污染行业。政策明确要求： 1. 源头管控：禁止审批不符合新污染物排放标准的建设项目，强化有毒有害化学物质生产、使用的全过程监管。 2. 标准体系完善：针对重点管控新污染物清单、有毒有害污染物名录，加快制定环境质量标准和监测方法，推动新污染物纳入排污许可证管理。 3. 区域协同：例如北京、河北等地开展土壤污染源头防控行动，河南推进“一泓清水入黄河”工程，提升国考断面水质优良比例。 二、蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战：攻坚行动升级 各地以“精准治污、科学治污、依法治污”为方针，持续推进三大保卫战： 1. 蓝天保卫战： 北京实施“0.1微克”行动，建设1000座电动汽车超充站，动态消除重污染天气。 河北加强PM2.5与臭氧协同控制，巩固“退后十”成果，确保县级以上饮用水源水质100%达标。 2. 碧水保卫战： 天津建成16个幸福河湖，福建厦门推广光伏发电与生态修复结合的绿色能源模式。 3. 净土保卫战： 上海、成都等地推进“无废城市”建设，强化工业固废资源化利用，内蒙古试点矿区生态修复与清淤一体化治理。 三、绿色低碳转型：从产业升级到全民行动 1. 产业绿色化： 比亚迪郑州工厂每50秒下线一台新能源汽车，带动郑州汽车年产量突破百万辆，体现产业与生态协同发展。 山西推动钢铁、煤电等行业低碳化改造，要求能效标杆产能占比超30%。 2. 碳足迹管理： 生态环境部发布《产品碳足迹核算标准编制工作指引》，推动碳足迹数据在碳定价、绿色采购中的应用。 3. 全民参与： 河北培育绿色工厂100家，内蒙古推广林草碳汇交易，形成“政府引导+市场驱动”的低碳生态。 四、环保技术创新：装备升级与智能化突破 工业和信息化部联合生态环境部启动2025年环保技术装备推荐工作，聚焦三大方向： 1. 减污降碳协同技术：如工业废气处理中同步回收二氧化碳的技术装备，推动“双效合一”治理。 2. 智能化监测设备：结合AI、物联网技术实现污染物实时动态调控，例如北京推动生态环境监测网络数智化转型。 3. 新污染物治理技术：针对抗生素、微塑料等，开发“监测-溯源-治理”全流程解决方案，福建厦门试点生态修复与光伏发电结合模式。 五、生态保护与修复：系统性工程加速 1. 重大生态工程： 河北推进塞罕坝林场“二次创业”，山西建设太行山国家公园，内蒙古实施“三北”工程和黄河“几字弯”攻坚，完成营造林260万亩。 2. 生物多样性保护： 辽宁强化辽河、渤海综合治理，云南加强高原湖泊生态修复，打造“山水林田湖草沙”一体化保护样板。 一、完形填空 （2025·山东潍坊·一模）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “The Arctic (北极) is dying,” researchers returning from the Arctic have predicted. Scientists from 20 countries, including China, have been trying to collect information about climate change in the past few years. They predicted there would be no more 1 in the Arctic during summer in the near future. Global warming is 2 to Arctic life. Many animals search for their food on the ice. If they can’t do this anymore, they will die of hunger. 3 so many animals are dying, they have to change their way of life. For example. polar bears 4 sea ice to find their food. When the sea ice melts (融化), they won’t be able to 5 the hunger and are forced onto land. Scientists say the number of polar bears will drop by two-thirds to less than 10,000 by 2050. As the days get warmer, there’s 6 rain than snow in the Arctic. This hurts different kinds of animals. Many of them die because they can’t reach the food under the ice. 7 the World Wildlife Fund, the number of reindeer has dropped by 56 percent over the last 20 years. Such losses have also influenced people 8 depend on reindeer for a living. In Europe and Russia, some people raise thousands of reindeer. But as these animals are 9 , their traditional ways of living may have to be changed in the future. As we know, environmental problem is so serious that everyone should pay attention to 10 . It needs our efforts to carry out every rule about environmental protection. It’s time to get started and move on. 1．A．fog B．ice C．rain D．light 2．A．harmful B．similar C．positive D．narrow 3．A．Until B．Before C．Though D．Since 4．A．depend on B．hide under C．search for D．take up 5．A．sweep B．feel C．stand D．suffer 6．A．less B．more C．fewer D．heavier 7．A．Thanks to B．Because of C．Instead of D．According to 8．A．whom B．which C．who D．whose 9．A．disappearing B．surviving C．moving D．living 10．A．them B．it C．this D．those （2025·安徽芜湖·模拟预测）Last month, my community started a waste-sorting (垃圾分类) program. At first, I felt it was 1 because I saw rubbish piling up (堆积) near the bins. People often mixed recyclable and wet waste, making the area smelly. One Saturday, our neighbor Mrs Li called a meeting. “This program needs everyone’s 2 ,” she said. “Who wants to be a volunteer?” My hand went up 3 before I realized it. The next weekend, I put on a green vest (背心) and stood by the bins. My job was to 4 people to separate waste. For example, recyclable materials should be put into blue bins while kitchen waste should be thrown into the green ones. An old man threw a plastic bottle into the wrong bin. I said politely, “Grandpa, this bottle should go into the 5 bin.” He smiled and corrected his mistake. However, not everyone was 6 . A woman shouted, “I’m in a hurry! Stop wasting my time!” I felt down but kept calm. “Madam, proper sorting helps protect the environment. Let me 7 you,” I said. Finally, she agreed to try. Weeks later, something amazing happened. The community became cleaner, and even kids started 8 their parents to sort rubbish correctly. Our efforts were reported in the local newspaper! I learned that small actions can 9 big changes. Now every time I walk through the clean community, I feel very 10 . I can’t wait to do more to make our environment better. 1．A．useless B．simple C．perfect D．dangerous 2．A．money B．effort C．silence D．space 3．A．quickly B．properly C．hopelessly D．nervously 4．A．order B．warn C．teach D．promise 5．A．blue B．red C．green D．yellow 6．A．patient B．honest C．serious D．brave 7．A．punish B．help C．follow D．control 8．A．allowing B．disagreeing C．forcing D．reminding 9．A．cancel B．create C．describe D．forget 10．A．sleepy B．afraid C．glad D．sad （2025·安徽合肥·一模）Who do you think are the heroes in our lives? Maybe doctors, policemen, firemen and so on. 1 them, I think the people who clean up our rubbish are also great heroes. Thanks to them, our planet is not 2 covered with rubbish. My name is Thomas Dambo. I’m a “rubbish artist” and work with these heroes. My 3 is to create beauty out of rubbish. By doing this, I want to show people that rubbish is not all 4 and smelly. We can recycle and use it to 5 something beautiful and valuable. About two months ago, I started a project called “The Future Forest.” More than 700 students, 100 volunteers and many landfill (废物填埋) workers joined the 6 . Together we collected three tons of 7 waste. Then, we turned it into a colorful plastic forest in Mexico City. This 500-square-meter forest is 8 of thousands of plastic flowers, trees and animals. Children can come to my workshop to make new plants and animals for the forest on their own. In this way, the forest will keep 9 . “The Future Forest” is now on exhibition. People can 10 it for the next few months. There are many possibilities hidden in the rubbish. Let’s learn to recycle it better and build a brighter future for the world! 1．A．Without B．Besides C．Above D．Under 2．A．proudly B．actively C．completely D．specially 3．A．reply B．award C．job D．prize 4．A．tiny B．cheap C．fresh D．ugly 5．A．create B．touch C．greet D．master 6．A．drama B．project C．journey D．survey 7．A．plastic B．glass C．cloth D．paper 8．A．sure B．aware C．full D．short 9．A．falling B．growing C．disappearing D．leaving 10．A．invent B．doubt C．guard D．visit 二、阅读理解 （2025·河北邯郸·一模）Did you know that one-third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry? It takes about 3072 hours to produce a single grain (单粒) of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it. In October, students from Beijing No.8 Middle School visited an exhibition center that showed how to recycle kitchen waste. They saw how kitchen waste, such as fruit peels and leftovers, could be turned into something useful. “First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush (压碎) it. After that, they take out the solid (固体的) part and break it down before turning it into a soil conditioner (土壤调理剂),” 13-year-old Lu Zichen said. He added that this conditioner can help improve the quality of the soil. The students also learned how to make liquid fertilizer (液体肥料) from kitchen waste. This fertilizer helps plants grow. Qi Yiming, 13, even tried making it himself. “It’s quite simple. First, you place the kitchen waste into a container. Then you add microbial agents (微生物菌剂), and let it sit for a few days to get the fertilizer,” Qi explained. “I am so glad to use the chemical knowledge I learned to make liquid fertilizer myself. It is beneficial in daily life. It is a wonderful experience.” Yu Qian, a teacher from the school and the organizer of the activity, talked about the importance of hands-on learning. “I hope students not only focus on the textbook but also go outside to put their knowledge into practice. It makes learning more interesting and useful,” she said. 1．How does the writer begin the text? A．By using a saying. B．By telling a story. C．By sending a message. D． By asking a question. 2．What is the soil conditioner used for? A．To break the solid part down. B．To crush the kitchen waste. C．To improve the quality of the soil. D．To collect the kitchen waste. 3．What does paragraph 3 tell us? A．How to learn chemistry well. B．How to collect kitchen waste. C．How to make liquid fertilizer. D．How to grow plants better. 4．Which word is close to the underlined word “beneficial”? A．Thankful. B．Helpful. C．Useless. D．Hopeless. 5．Which can be a proper title for the text? A．Ways to Recycle Kitchen Waste. B．The Serious Problem of Food Waste. C．A Visit to the Exhibition Center. D．The Importance of Protecting the Environment. （2025·安徽合肥·一模）Nagchu City, in northern Xizang, is very important for Asia’s water resources. It is where big rivers like the Yangtze River, Nujiang River, and Lancang River begin. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where Nagchu is, is called the “water tower of Asia” because its glaciers (冰川) provide water for many main rivers in South and Southeast Asia. To protect this area, the local government and people are working together. They have set up a system to check and care for the environment. In Nagchu, efforts are being made to reduce human influences on the glaciers by limiting (限制) tourism and climbing in some places. The government is working to make water cleaner and control soil loss. It is trying to increase snowfall artificially (人工地) to help the glaciers grow. Restoring grasslands around the glaciers is another important step in keeping the environment healthy. The local government also plays a key role in the protection. Researchers like Xu Qiangqiang work hard to study and protect the glaciers. They use the latest technology to check the glaciers and manage the environment. Xu pointed out that the methods used by the Chinese government to protect this place are worth sharing with the world. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The City of Nagchu. B．Asia’s water resources. C．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. D．South and Southeast Asia. 2．Which method is mentioned to help glaciers grow? A．Building towers on rivers. B．Creating artificial snowfall. C．Planting trees around glaciers. D．Stopping all human activities nearby. 3．What is Xu Qiangqiang’s work? A．Encouraging tourism in Nagchu. B．Using technology to study glaciers. C．Reducing water pollution in Southeast Asia. D．Teaching local people about soil loss control. 4．Which of the following might Xu agree with? A．The methods we used are not suitable in other places. B．The technology in other countries is not properly used. C．Chinese government has the World’s smartest methods. D．The world can learn from the way of protecting the place. （2025·安徽合肥·一模）At 13, Sophia Martinez has become the youngest winner of the National Environmental Youth Award. Her project “Eco-Warrior App” joins technology with environmental protection, helping users track (追踪) their environmental effect through fun daily challenges. Sophia’s journey began during her 3rd grade field trip to a polluted river. “Seeing plastic waste blocking the water made me angry,” she looked back. By age 9, she started programming simple environmental games using free online resources. Her recent app, developed with recycled smartphones, has been used by 50 schools nationwide. What makes Sophia’s work special is her focus on community activities. “Tech alone can’t save the planet. We need to change hearts first,” she said. The app’s group challenges have reduced school dining hall waste by 30% in pilot areas. Her science teacher, Mr. Thompson, praises Sophia’s hard work. “She failed 17 times while designing the waste-tracking tool. Each failure became a learning step.” Parents are happy with how the app turns eco-actions into family activities. “Now my kids remind me to bring bags that can be used again,” shared one mother. Looking ahead, Sophia plans to start a “Green Mentor” program that connects students with scientists who study the environment. “Every child should protect their future,” she stated. With a recent money support from the Environmental Protection Organization, her team plans to add more languages to the app to benefit non-English speaking communities. 1．What first made Sophia care about environmental problems? A．A talk with her parents. B．A book about nature. C．A science class experiment. D．A visit to a polluted river. 2．What does Mr. Thompson’s words show about Sophia? A．She works best with scientists. B．She enjoys making games. C．She needs more help from teachers. D．She learns from her mistakes. 3．Which of the following best describes Sophia? A．Strict and serious. B．Funny and outgoing. C．Creative and responsible. D．Shy but hardworking. （24-25九年级下·浙江·阶段练习）The WWF has published the first worldwide guide to save the world’s forests. The WWF is an international charity that works to protect nature. Its Forest Pathways (路径) Report explains the condition of the world’s forests and what governments can do to better protect them. The report centers around the promises made at COP26—a meeting about climate change held in the UK in 2021. At COP26, more than 140 countries, covering about 90% of the world’s forests, promised to stop cutting down trees by 2030. However, the WWF says that this may not be achieved. In 2022, 66,000 square kilometres of forest around the world were lost. About two-thirds was from rainforests. This is influencing wildlife. The number of animals that depend on forests is falling. However, the report also shows some success stories in protecting nature. For example, the Khata Conservation (保护) Area in Nepal has grown, providing a home for tigers and other animals. At the same time, in the UK, the Wild Ingleborough project, a partnership between the WWF and the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, is bringing 15 square kilometres of land in the Yorkshire Dales back to its natural state, with forests. Mary Gagen, the person who wrote the report, says, “There are places where countries are dealing with cutting down trees, and we know what needs to be done to help them grow.” The report includes a list of suggestions for world governments, providing plans to save forests. This includes making rules against cutting down trees stronger, as well as recognizing the rights of local people who live in the forests. There are also some clear ideas for the UK Government, such as introducing environmental rules for food that is bought and sold in the UK, so that none of it hurts forests. 1．What is the Forest Pathways Report about? A．It shares stories of local people that live in forests. B．It tells new ways to plant more trees around the world. C．It explains the reason for climate change around the world. D．It shows how forests are and what governments can do to protect them. 2．What does the underlined words “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The Forest Pathways Report. B．The number of countries at COP26. C．The promise to stop cutting down trees by 2030. D．The meeting about climate change held in the UK in 2021. 3．Why does the writer mention the Khata Conservation Area in Nepal in Paragraph 4? A．To give an example of a place where nature is being protected. B．To compare the size of Khata Conservation Area to other areas. C．To show how the Khata Conservation Area has grown in recent years. D．To describe the types of animals living in the Khata Conservation Area. 4．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．A Meeting on the Climate Change B．New Plans to Save the World Forest C．Successful Stories of Stopping Tree Cutting D．How Forests Are Changing Around the World （2025·安徽滁州·一模）Robotic dogs are helping carry waste at Mount Taishan in Tai’an, Shandong Province. This plan connects new technology with environmental protection to solve waste problems at this popular natural wonder. Mount Taishan welcomes millions of visitors each year and the visitors produce tons of waste. It is difficult to clean up the waste. After exploring different methods, the staff (员工) found robot helpers were a good choice. The robotic dog has four legs and a shelf that can carry 30 to 40 kilograms of waste. Some tests were done at different parts of the mountain earlier. The robotic dogs were tested on their climbing abilities, how long they could work, and how they dealt with emergencies (紧急情况) on the mountain. Results showed that the robotic dogs could climb from the foot to the top within two hours. They could work for four to six hours with a full charge (电量) and perform well on most parts of the mountain, which meant they could help with waste transportation and might take the place of cleaners. Tourists show a great interest in the robotic dogs.” I took a photo with one robotic dog and found it amazing. I hope in the future they might even carry people up the mountain,” a tourist said. 1．Why are the robotic dogs used at Mount Taishan? A．To help with waste management. B．To test new climbing technology. C．To replace human guides. D．To attract more tourists. 2．Which of the following can show the robotic dog in the text? A． B． C． D． 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The robotic dog’s future. B．The robotic dog’s design. C．The robotic dog’s price. D．The robotic dog’s ability. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To present waste problems. B．To ask people to protect the environment. C．To tell people to do more climbing. D．To introduce a new robot. （2025·安徽亳州·一模）How has global warming changed your life? Maybe you feel hotter summers. But for reindeer herders (驯鹿牧民), the effects are much more serious. Reindeer herders live in the Arctic areas from Russia to Sweden. They depend on their knowledge of snow, ice, weather, and animal behavior to survive terrible winters. However, the warming Arctic is changing these natural signs. In 2014, during the winter migration (迁徙) in North Russia, heavy rain formed a thick layer of ice over the lichen (青苔), which is usually covered by soft snow. The reindeer couldn’t eat the lichen and went hungry, leading to the deaths of tens of thousands of them. Global warming not only threatens the herders’ way of life but also their culture. “We are Arctic people, and our culture is written in snow. But climate change means there will be less and less snow,” said Henrik Blind, a Sami herder from Sweden. In his language, there are over 300 words for snow. With less snow, their cultural is at risk. Though there are challenges, herders are working with scientists to fight climate change. Herders’ knowledge of snow helps scientists, while information from satellites helps herders. In 2023, the US built a center to bring together traditional knowledge and science. “We must stop overusing our planet. We need to listen to local people who know how to live peacefully with nature,” Blind said. 1．What happened to the reindeer during the 2014 winter migration in North Russia? A．They got lost during the migration. B．They couldn’t eat lichen because of thick ice. C．They were attacked by other animals. D．They moved to Sweden for food. 2．What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．The reindeer. B．The herders. C．The scientists. D．The lichen. 3．How are herders and scientists working together to fight climate change? A．Scientists teach herders to use satellites. B．Scientists and herders stop heavy rainfall. C．Herders help scientists follow reindeer migration. D．Herders share knowledge and scientists give satellite help. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Reindeer herders face serious challenges because of global warming. B．Scientists are helping herders save the reindeer population. C．Arctic people are losing their culture because of less snow. D．The US built a center to protect traditional Arctic knowledge. （24-25九年级下·安徽安庆·阶段练习）Next time you open your fridge, have a close look at what’s in it. What do you see? Vegetables, fruits, meat or some milk? What else can you see? There may be some kinds of plastic packaging to protect your delicious food well. From food to water bottles, plastic containers and wrappers (容器和包装纸) are everywhere. However, plastic pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems in the world and packaging is the largest source of plastic waste. It’s true that plastic pollution harms the environment and results in lots of animal deaths each year. And plastic pollution can be bad for people’s health, as well as the environment. This happens when the material gives off harmful chemicals (化学物质) that have been added to it. Many countries have already brought in, or are planning to bring in bans (禁令) on single use plastics. This shows that it’s possible to live without them. While in some situations, for example, plastic packaging may be the best choice for wrapping food. It is stronger than glass or paper and also lighter than many other packing materials. So instead of not using plastic at all, we need to use it only when necessary. Lots of packaging can be recycled or reused. Instead of throwing it directly, perhaps we need to find better ways to reuse it. 1．Plastic pollution can be bad for ________. A．People’s health and countries. B．People’s health and the environment. C．Only people’s health. D．People’s health and food. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Plastics can be strong and light to use. B．People no longer use plastic. C．Bans on single use plastics have been carried out. D．It’s impossible to recycle plastic packaging. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Plastic. B．Packaging. C．Glass. D．Paper. 三、补全对话 （2025·安徽淮南·一模）根据对话内容，从文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两个为多余选项。 A: Hi, Lucy. Did you watch the TV program about environmental protection last night? B: 1 It was really eye-opening. We should do something to protect our land. A: Yes, it was shocking. 2 B: I think we should start by reducing the use of plastic. A: That’s a good idea. 3 B: We can use reusable bags instead of plastic ones, and avoid buying products with too much packaging (包装). A: Great suggestions! 4 B: We can also avoid food waste and save water. Every small action counts. A: You’re right. 5 Let’s do our part to protect the environment. B: I agree. Many hands make light work! A．Yes, I did. B．What else can we do? C．What can we do to help? D．I don’t think it’s a big deal. E．How can we reduce the use of plastic? F．I think it’s too late to make a difference. G．We should also encourage others to join us. （2025·青海西宁·二模）七选五，补对话。 A: Hi, Tom. 1 B: I’m reading a book about the future. A: Sounds cool. 2 B: Well, cities will be more crowded and polluted. There will be fewer trees and the environment will be in great danger. A: 3 Will we have to move to other planets? B: Maybe. But I want to live on the earth. A: Me, too. 4 B: We can use less water and plant more trees. Everyone should play a part in saving the earth. A: 5 A．What are you reading? B．What are you doing? C．That sounds bad. D．What will the future be like? E．What can we do? F．That’s too bad. G．I agree. 四、书面表达 1．（24-25九年级下·安徽安庆·阶段练习）保护环境，就是守护我们赖以生存的家园，让蓝天白云、碧水青山成为永恒的风景。请你以How to Protect the Environment in Our City为题，写一篇书面表达。 要点：1. 描述你所在城市的环境现状，例如空气污染、水污染、噪音污染等。 2. 分析造成这些环境问题的原因，例如：汽车尾气（car exhaust）、工厂排放、乱扔垃圾等。 3. 提出至少四条切实可行的解决方案，例如：乘坐公共交通工具、减少使用塑料袋、进行垃圾分类、参与植树活动等。 4. 呼吁大家共同努力，保护城市环境。 （作文请包含上述要点，不少于100词，文章开头已给，不计入总词数） Nowadays the environment in our city is not so good. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（2025·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）“以爱为笔，绘就地球生机”。4月22日是世界地球日，作为中学生的我们也应为保护地球贡献自己的力量，请你根据下面的表格写一篇关于保护环境爱护地球的文章。 症状 土地沙化、河流污染、全球气温升高…… 原因 砍伐树木、工厂排放废水废气…… 应对措施 多植树、阻止工厂乱排废气废水…… 要求： 1. 词数80词左右； 2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3. 文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（2025·辽宁铁岭·一模）随着环境问题日益严重，保护地球已成为每个人的责任。作为中学生，我们也能为环保贡献力量。请以“Small Actions, Big Changes”为题，写一篇80—100词左右的英语短文。 内容包括： (1)简述身边的环境问题(如垃圾、空气污染等)； (2)提出至少三个日常环保建议(如节约用水、垃圾分类等)； (3)呼吁大家共同行动。 要求： (1)包括提示中所有的写作要点； (2)条理清楚，行文连贯，可适当发挥； (3)短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名等信息； (4)题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Small Actions, Big Changes The earth is the only home for everyone on it. It’s crying for our help now. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点11 环境保护 2025年环境保护聚焦“精准治污”与“绿色增长”双轮驱动，从新污染物攻坚到碳中和实践，中国正以系统性思维构建生态治理新格局。 一、新污染物治理：从源头防控到精准施策 2025年，生态环境部将新污染物治理列为污染防治攻坚战的核心任务之一，重点聚焦石化、涂料、纺织印染等六大高污染行业。政策明确要求： 1. 源头管控：禁止审批不符合新污染物排放标准的建设项目，强化有毒有害化学物质生产、使用的全过程监管。 2. 标准体系完善：针对重点管控新污染物清单、有毒有害污染物名录，加快制定环境质量标准和监测方法，推动新污染物纳入排污许可证管理。 3. 区域协同：例如北京、河北等地开展土壤污染源头防控行动，河南推进“一泓清水入黄河”工程，提升国考断面水质优良比例。 二、蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战：攻坚行动升级 各地以“精准治污、科学治污、依法治污”为方针，持续推进三大保卫战： 1. 蓝天保卫战： 北京实施“0.1微克”行动，建设1000座电动汽车超充站，动态消除重污染天气。 河北加强PM2.5与臭氧协同控制，巩固“退后十”成果，确保县级以上饮用水源水质100%达标。 2. 碧水保卫战： 天津建成16个幸福河湖，福建厦门推广光伏发电与生态修复结合的绿色能源模式。 3. 净土保卫战： 上海、成都等地推进“无废城市”建设，强化工业固废资源化利用，内蒙古试点矿区生态修复与清淤一体化治理。 三、绿色低碳转型：从产业升级到全民行动 1. 产业绿色化： 比亚迪郑州工厂每50秒下线一台新能源汽车，带动郑州汽车年产量突破百万辆，体现产业与生态协同发展。 山西推动钢铁、煤电等行业低碳化改造，要求能效标杆产能占比超30%。 2. 碳足迹管理： 生态环境部发布《产品碳足迹核算标准编制工作指引》，推动碳足迹数据在碳定价、绿色采购中的应用。 3. 全民参与： 河北培育绿色工厂100家，内蒙古推广林草碳汇交易，形成“政府引导+市场驱动”的低碳生态。 四、环保技术创新：装备升级与智能化突破 工业和信息化部联合生态环境部启动2025年环保技术装备推荐工作，聚焦三大方向： 1. 减污降碳协同技术：如工业废气处理中同步回收二氧化碳的技术装备，推动“双效合一”治理。 2. 智能化监测设备：结合AI、物联网技术实现污染物实时动态调控，例如北京推动生态环境监测网络数智化转型。 3. 新污染物治理技术：针对抗生素、微塑料等，开发“监测-溯源-治理”全流程解决方案，福建厦门试点生态修复与光伏发电结合模式。 五、生态保护与修复：系统性工程加速 1. 重大生态工程： 河北推进塞罕坝林场“二次创业”，山西建设太行山国家公园，内蒙古实施“三北”工程和黄河“几字弯”攻坚，完成营造林260万亩。 2. 生物多样性保护： 辽宁强化辽河、渤海综合治理，云南加强高原湖泊生态修复，打造“山水林田湖草沙”一体化保护样板。 一、完形填空 （2025·山东潍坊·一模）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “The Arctic (北极) is dying,” researchers returning from the Arctic have predicted. Scientists from 20 countries, including China, have been trying to collect information about climate change in the past few years. They predicted there would be no more 1 in the Arctic during summer in the near future. Global warming is 2 to Arctic life. Many animals search for their food on the ice. If they can’t do this anymore, they will die of hunger. 3 so many animals are dying, they have to change their way of life. For example. polar bears 4 sea ice to find their food. When the sea ice melts (融化), they won’t be able to 5 the hunger and are forced onto land. Scientists say the number of polar bears will drop by two-thirds to less than 10,000 by 2050. As the days get warmer, there’s 6 rain than snow in the Arctic. This hurts different kinds of animals. Many of them die because they can’t reach the food under the ice. 7 the World Wildlife Fund, the number of reindeer has dropped by 56 percent over the last 20 years. Such losses have also influenced people 8 depend on reindeer for a living. In Europe and Russia, some people raise thousands of reindeer. But as these animals are 9 , their traditional ways of living may have to be changed in the future. As we know, environmental problem is so serious that everyone should pay attention to 10 . It needs our efforts to carry out every rule about environmental protection. It’s time to get started and move on. 1．A．fog B．ice C．rain D．light 2．A．harmful B．similar C．positive D．narrow 3．A．Until B．Before C．Though D．Since 4．A．depend on B．hide under C．search for D．take up 5．A．sweep B．feel C．stand D．suffer 6．A．less B．more C．fewer D．heavier 7．A．Thanks to B．Because of C．Instead of D．According to 8．A．whom B．which C．who D．whose 9．A．disappearing B．surviving C．moving D．living 10．A．them B．it C．this D．those 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文主要讨论了全球变暖对北极生态系统的严重影响，特别是对动物和人类生活方式的威胁。 1．句意：他们预测，在不久的将来，北极夏季将不再有冰。 fog雾；ice冰；rain雨；light光。根据“The Arctic is dying”可知，北极由于气候变化导致夏季将不再有冰。故选B。 2．句意：全球变暖对北极生物有害。 harmful有害的；similar相似的；positive积极的；narrow狭窄的。根据“Many animals search for their food on the ice. If they can’t do this anymore, they will die of hunger.”可知，全球变暖对北极生物有害。故选A。 3．句意：由于许多动物正在死亡，它们不得不改变生活方式。 Until直到；Before在之前；Though尽管；Since由于。根据“so many animals are dying, they have to change their way of life.”可知，许多动物因为没有食物死亡，所以它们不得不改变生活方式。故选D。 4．句意：例如，北极熊依赖海冰觅食。 depend on依赖；hide under藏在下面；search for寻找；take up占据。根据“polar bears… sea ice to find their food”可知，它们依赖海冰觅食。故选A。 5．句意：当海冰融化时，它们将无法忍受饥饿，被迫上岸。 sweep清扫；feel感觉；stand忍受；suffer遭受。根据“ the hunger and are forced onto land”可知，是它们无法忍受饥饿。故选C。 6．句意：随着天气变暖，北极的降雨量多于降雪量。 less更少；more更多；fewer更少；heavier更重。根据“As the days get warmer”可知，全球变暖导致降雨增加，北极的降雨量多于降雪量。故选B。 7．句意：根据世界野生动物基金会的数据，驯鹿数量在过去20年下降了56%。 Thanks to多亏；Because of因为；Instead of代替；According to根据。根据“the World Wildlife Fund”可知，是根据世界野生动物基金会，是数据的来源。故选D。 8．句意：这些损失也影响了依赖驯鹿为生的人们。 whom谁；which哪个；who谁；whose谁的。根据“people… depend on reindeer for a living”可知，是依赖驯鹿为生的人们，为定语从句，应使用“who”指代人。故选C。 9．句意：但随着这些动物消失，他们的传统生活方式在将来可能不得不改变。 disappearing消失；surviving生存；moving移动；living生活。根据“the number of reindeer has dropped by 56 percent over the last 20 years”可知，动物数量下降，正在慢慢消失。故选A。 10．句意：众所周知，环境问题如此严重，每个人都应该关注它。 them它们；it它；this这个；those那些。根据“environmental problem is so serious”可知，是关注环境问题，此处应使用“it”指代环境问题。故选B。 （2025·安徽芜湖·模拟预测）Last month, my community started a waste-sorting (垃圾分类) program. At first, I felt it was 1 because I saw rubbish piling up (堆积) near the bins. People often mixed recyclable and wet waste, making the area smelly. One Saturday, our neighbor Mrs Li called a meeting. “This program needs everyone’s 2 ,” she said. “Who wants to be a volunteer?” My hand went up 3 before I realized it. The next weekend, I put on a green vest (背心) and stood by the bins. My job was to 4 people to separate waste. For example, recyclable materials should be put into blue bins while kitchen waste should be thrown into the green ones. An old man threw a plastic bottle into the wrong bin. I said politely, “Grandpa, this bottle should go into the 5 bin.” He smiled and corrected his mistake. However, not everyone was 6 . A woman shouted, “I’m in a hurry! Stop wasting my time!” I felt down but kept calm. “Madam, proper sorting helps protect the environment. Let me 7 you,” I said. Finally, she agreed to try. Weeks later, something amazing happened. The community became cleaner, and even kids started 8 their parents to sort rubbish correctly. Our efforts were reported in the local newspaper! I learned that small actions can 9 big changes. Now every time I walk through the clean community, I feel very 10 . I can’t wait to do more to make our environment better. 1．A．useless B．simple C．perfect D．dangerous 2．A．money B．effort C．silence D．space 3．A．quickly B．properly C．hopelessly D．nervously 4．A．order B．warn C．teach D．promise 5．A．blue B．red C．green D．yellow 6．A．patient B．honest C．serious D．brave 7．A．punish B．help C．follow D．control 8．A．allowing B．disagreeing C．forcing D．reminding 9．A．cancel B．create C．describe D．forget 10．A．sleepy B．afraid C．glad D．sad 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者所在社区开展垃圾分类项目，作者从一开始觉得项目无用，到后来成为志愿者参与其中，引导居民正确分类垃圾，最终社区环境改善，作者也从中体会到小行动能带来大改变。 1．句意：一开始，我觉得它无用，因为我看到垃圾桶附近垃圾堆积如山。 useless无用的；simple简单的；perfect完美的；dangerous危险的。根据“because I saw rubbish piling up near the bins. People often mixed recyclable and wet waste, making the area smelly”可知，作者觉得项目无用，故选A。 2．句意：“这个项目需要每个人的努力，”她说。“谁想成为志愿者？” money钱；effort努力；silence沉默；space空间。根据“This program needs everyone’s...”和“Who wants to be a volunteer?”可知，项目需要大家的努力，故选B。 3．句意：我的手在我意识到之前快速地举了起来。 quickly快速地；properly适当地、正确地；hopelessly绝望地；nervously紧张地。根据“The next weekend, I put on a green vest and stood by the bins”和“My hand went up ... before I realized it.”并结合备选项可知应是快速举手成为志愿者，故选A。 4．句意：我的工作是教人们进行垃圾分类。 order命令；warn警告；teach教；promise承诺。根据“For example, recyclable materials should be put into blue bins while kitchen waste should be thrown into the green ones.”可知作者的工作是教人们垃圾分类，故选C。 5．句意：我礼貌地说：“爷爷，这个瓶子应该放进蓝色垃圾桶。” blue蓝色的；red红色的；green绿色的；yellow黄色的。根据“recyclable materials should be put into blue bins”可知塑料瓶是可回收物，应放蓝色垃圾桶，故选A。 6．句意：然而，不是每个人都有耐心。 patient耐心的；honest诚实的；serious严肃的、认真的；brave勇敢的。根据“A woman shouted, ‘I’m in a hurry! Stop wasting my time!’”可知，这位女士没耐心，故选A。 7．句意：“女士，正确分类有助于保护环境。让我帮助你。”我说。 punish惩罚；help帮助；follow跟随；control控制。根据“Finally, she agreed to try.”可知并结合备选项可知作者要帮助女士，故选B。 8．句意：社区变得更干净了，甚至孩子们也开始提醒他们的父母正确分类垃圾。 allowing允许；disagreeing不同意；forcing强迫；reminding提醒。根据“the community became cleaner, and even kids started ... their parents to sort rubbish correctly”并结合备选项可知应是孩子们提醒父母，故选D。 9．句意：我了解到小行动可以带来大改变。 cancel取消；create引起，创造；describe描述；forget忘记。根据“I learned that small actions can...big changes”和“The community became cleaner”并结合备选项可知应是小行动能带来大改变，故选B。 10．句意：现在每次我走过干净的社区，我都非常开心。 sleepy困倦的；afraid害怕的；glad开心的；sad悲伤的。根据“Now every time I walk through the clean community, I feel very ... ”和“I can’t wait to do more to make our environment better.”可知社区干净了作者开心，故选C。 （2025·安徽合肥·一模）Who do you think are the heroes in our lives? Maybe doctors, policemen, firemen and so on. 1 them, I think the people who clean up our rubbish are also great heroes. Thanks to them, our planet is not 2 covered with rubbish. My name is Thomas Dambo. I’m a “rubbish artist” and work with these heroes. My 3 is to create beauty out of rubbish. By doing this, I want to show people that rubbish is not all 4 and smelly. We can recycle and use it to 5 something beautiful and valuable. About two months ago, I started a project called “The Future Forest.” More than 700 students, 100 volunteers and many landfill (废物填埋) workers joined the 6 . Together we collected three tons of 7 waste. Then, we turned it into a colorful plastic forest in Mexico City. This 500-square-meter forest is 8 of thousands of plastic flowers, trees and animals. Children can come to my workshop to make new plants and animals for the forest on their own. In this way, the forest will keep 9 . “The Future Forest” is now on exhibition. People can 10 it for the next few months. There are many possibilities hidden in the rubbish. Let’s learn to recycle it better and build a brighter future for the world! 1．A．Without B．Besides C．Above D．Under 2．A．proudly B．actively C．completely D．specially 3．A．reply B．award C．job D．prize 4．A．tiny B．cheap C．fresh D．ugly 5．A．create B．touch C．greet D．master 6．A．drama B．project C．journey D．survey 7．A．plastic B．glass C．cloth D．paper 8．A．sure B．aware C．full D．short 9．A．falling B．growing C．disappearing D．leaving 10．A．invent B．doubt C．guard D．visit 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文介绍“垃圾艺术家”Thomas Dambo通过回收垃圾创作艺术品的项目，倡导环保理念。 1．句意：除了他们，我认为清理垃圾的人也是伟大的英雄。 Without没有；Besides 除了……还；Above在……之上；Under 在……之下。根据上文“Maybe doctors, policemen, firemen and so on”及空后的“I think the people who clean up our rubbish are also great heroes”可知，此处指除了医生、警察等，还有清洁工。故选B。 2．句意：多亏了他们，我们的星球才没有完全被垃圾覆盖。 proudly骄傲地；actively 积极地；completely 完全地；specially特别地。根据“Thanks to them, our planet is not… covered with rubbish.”的语境可知，此处指多亏了清洁工，我们的星球才没有完全被垃圾覆盖。故选C。 3．句意：我的工作是从垃圾中创造美。 reply回复；award奖项；job工作；prize奖品。根据上文“rubbish artist” 以及空后的“to create beauty out of rubbish”可知，此处介绍工作内容。故选C。 4．句意：通过这样做，我想向人们展示垃圾并不都是丑陋和难闻的。 tiny微小的；cheap便宜的；fresh 新鲜的；ugly丑陋的。根据空后的“and smelly”可知，此处为负面形容词。故选D。 5．句意：我们可以回收利用它来创造美丽而有价值的东西。 create创造；touch触摸；greet 问候；master掌握。根据上文“create beauty out of rubbish”可知，此处指创造美丽而有价值的东西。故选A。 6．句意：700多名学生、100名志愿者和许多垃圾填埋场工作人员加入了该项目。 drama 戏剧；project项目；journey旅程；survey调查。根据上文“I started a project called ‘The Future Forest.’”可知，此处指参加这个项目。故选B。 7．句意：我们一起收集了三吨塑料垃圾。 plastic塑料；glass玻璃；cloth布料；paper纸张。根据下文“Then, we turned it into a colorful plastic forest in Mexico City.”可知，此处指收集塑料垃圾。故选A。 8．句意：这片500平方米的森林里到处都是成千上万的塑料花、树和动物。 sure确信的；aware意识到；full满的；short短的。be full of“充满”，是固定搭配。故选C。 9．句意：这样，森林就会继续生长。 falling掉落；growing生长；disappearing 消失；leaving离开。根据上文“Children can come to my workshop to make new plants and animals for the forest on their own.”可知，儿童可制作新动植物，森林应是会扩展。故选B。 10．句意：人们可以在接下来的几个月里参观它。 invent发明；doubt怀疑；guard守卫；visit参观。根据上文“‘The Future Forest’ is now on exhibition”可知，该项目仍在参展，应是还可以参观。故选D。 二、阅读理解 （2025·河北邯郸·一模）Did you know that one-third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry? It takes about 3072 hours to produce a single grain (单粒) of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it. In October, students from Beijing No.8 Middle School visited an exhibition center that showed how to recycle kitchen waste. They saw how kitchen waste, such as fruit peels and leftovers, could be turned into something useful. “First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush (压碎) it. After that, they take out the solid (固体的) part and break it down before turning it into a soil conditioner (土壤调理剂),” 13-year-old Lu Zichen said. He added that this conditioner can help improve the quality of the soil. The students also learned how to make liquid fertilizer (液体肥料) from kitchen waste. This fertilizer helps plants grow. Qi Yiming, 13, even tried making it himself. “It’s quite simple. First, you place the kitchen waste into a container. Then you add microbial agents (微生物菌剂), and let it sit for a few days to get the fertilizer,” Qi explained. “I am so glad to use the chemical knowledge I learned to make liquid fertilizer myself. It is beneficial in daily life. It is a wonderful experience.” Yu Qian, a teacher from the school and the organizer of the activity, talked about the importance of hands-on learning. “I hope students not only focus on the textbook but also go outside to put their knowledge into practice. It makes learning more interesting and useful,” she said. 1．How does the writer begin the text? A．By using a saying. B．By telling a story. C．By sending a message. D． By asking a question. 2．What is the soil conditioner used for? A．To break the solid part down. B．To crush the kitchen waste. C．To improve the quality of the soil. D．To collect the kitchen waste. 3．What does paragraph 3 tell us? A．How to learn chemistry well. B．How to collect kitchen waste. C．How to make liquid fertilizer. D．How to grow plants better. 4．Which word is close to the underlined word “beneficial”? A．Thankful. B．Helpful. C．Useless. D．Hopeless. 5．Which can be a proper title for the text? A．Ways to Recycle Kitchen Waste. B．The Serious Problem of Food Waste. C．A Visit to the Exhibition Center. D．The Importance of Protecting the Environment. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过北京八中学生参观厨余垃圾回收展览的经历，揭示了全球食物浪费与饥饿问题的矛盾，并展示了如何将厨余垃圾转化为土壤调理剂和液体肥料的过程，强调了实践学习对知识应用和环保意识培养的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章“Did you know that one-third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry?”可知，作者以提问的方式开篇。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“He added that this conditioner can help improve the quality of the soil.”可知，土壤调理剂用于改善土壤质量。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章“The students also learned how to make liquid fertilizer from kitchen waste.”及后续步骤描述可知，第三段主要讲述制作液体肥料的方法。故选C。 4．词义猜测题。根据“I am so glad to use the chemical knowledge I learned to make liquid fertilizer myself. It is beneficial in daily life.”可知，是指用学到的化学知识自己制作液体肥料。这在日常生活中是有益的。因此“beneficial”与“helpful”同义。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕厨余垃圾回收利用的方法展开，如制作土壤调理剂和液体肥料。故选A。 （2025·安徽合肥·一模）Nagchu City, in northern Xizang, is very important for Asia’s water resources. It is where big rivers like the Yangtze River, Nujiang River, and Lancang River begin. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where Nagchu is, is called the “water tower of Asia” because its glaciers (冰川) provide water for many main rivers in South and Southeast Asia. To protect this area, the local government and people are working together. They have set up a system to check and care for the environment. In Nagchu, efforts are being made to reduce human influences on the glaciers by limiting (限制) tourism and climbing in some places. The government is working to make water cleaner and control soil loss. It is trying to increase snowfall artificially (人工地) to help the glaciers grow. Restoring grasslands around the glaciers is another important step in keeping the environment healthy. The local government also plays a key role in the protection. Researchers like Xu Qiangqiang work hard to study and protect the glaciers. They use the latest technology to check the glaciers and manage the environment. Xu pointed out that the methods used by the Chinese government to protect this place are worth sharing with the world. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The City of Nagchu. B．Asia’s water resources. C．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. D．South and Southeast Asia. 2．Which method is mentioned to help glaciers grow? A．Building towers on rivers. B．Creating artificial snowfall. C．Planting trees around glaciers. D．Stopping all human activities nearby. 3．What is Xu Qiangqiang’s work? A．Encouraging tourism in Nagchu. B．Using technology to study glaciers. C．Reducing water pollution in Southeast Asia. D．Teaching local people about soil loss control. 4．Which of the following might Xu agree with? A．The methods we used are not suitable in other places. B．The technology in other countries is not properly used. C．Chinese government has the World’s smartest methods. D．The world can learn from the way of protecting the place. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了西藏那曲市作为亚洲水塔的重要性，以及当地政府和人民为保护冰川和水资源所采取的措施，包括限制旅游、人工增雪、恢复草原等，并强调这些方法值得全球借鉴。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Nagchu City, in northern Xizang, is very important for Asia’s water resources.”可知，那曲市是长江、怒江、澜沧江等大河的发源地。划线词“it”指代的是前面的“Nagchu City”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“ It is trying to increase snowfall artificially (人工地) to help the glaciers grow.”可知，政府正尝试通过人工增雪帮助冰川增长。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Researchers like Xu Qiangqiang work hard to study and protect the glaciers. They use the latest technology to check the glaciers and manage the environment.”可知，研究人员致力于研究保护冰川，运用最新技术监测冰川，由此可知，他的工作是利用技术研究冰川。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Xu pointed out that the methods used by the Chinese government to protect this place are worth sharing with the world.”可知，他认为全球可借鉴这些保护措施。故选D。 （2025·安徽合肥·一模）At 13, Sophia Martinez has become the youngest winner of the National Environmental Youth Award. Her project “Eco-Warrior App” joins technology with environmental protection, helping users track (追踪) their environmental effect through fun daily challenges. Sophia’s journey began during her 3rd grade field trip to a polluted river. “Seeing plastic waste blocking the water made me angry,” she looked back. By age 9, she started programming simple environmental games using free online resources. Her recent app, developed with recycled smartphones, has been used by 50 schools nationwide. What makes Sophia’s work special is her focus on community activities. “Tech alone can’t save the planet. We need to change hearts first,” she said. The app’s group challenges have reduced school dining hall waste by 30% in pilot areas. Her science teacher, Mr. Thompson, praises Sophia’s hard work. “She failed 17 times while designing the waste-tracking tool. Each failure became a learning step.” Parents are happy with how the app turns eco-actions into family activities. “Now my kids remind me to bring bags that can be used again,” shared one mother. Looking ahead, Sophia plans to start a “Green Mentor” program that connects students with scientists who study the environment. “Every child should protect their future,” she stated. With a recent money support from the Environmental Protection Organization, her team plans to add more languages to the app to benefit non-English speaking communities. 1．What first made Sophia care about environmental problems? A．A talk with her parents. B．A book about nature. C．A science class experiment. D．A visit to a polluted river. 2．What does Mr. Thompson’s words show about Sophia? A．She works best with scientists. B．She enjoys making games. C．She needs more help from teachers. D．She learns from her mistakes. 3．Which of the following best describes Sophia? A．Strict and serious. B．Funny and outgoing. C．Creative and responsible. D．Shy but hardworking. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了13岁的索菲亚・马丁内斯成为国家环境青年奖最年轻的获奖者，她开发了“生态勇士应用程序”，将科技与环保结合。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“Sophia’s journey began during her 3rd grade field trip to a polluted river. ‘Seeing plastic waste blocking the water made me angry,’ she looked back.”可知，看到被污染的河流，河水中塑料垃圾堵塞的场景让索菲亚生气，这使她开始关注环境问题，所以是参观被污染的河流让她首次关注环境问题。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文中“Her science teacher, Mr. Thompson, praises Sophia’s hard work. ‘She failed 17 times while designing the waste-tracking tool. Each failure became a learning step.’ 可知，汤普森老师提到索菲亚在设计废物追踪工具时失败了17次，但每次失败都成为她学习的一步，由此可推断出索菲亚能从错误中学习。故选D。 3．观点态度题。通读全文可知，索菲亚开发了将科技与环保结合的应用程序，这体现了她的创造性；她还计划启动“绿色导师”项目，认为每个孩子都应该保护自己的未来，这显示出她的责任感。所以“有创造力且有责任感”最能描述她。故选C。 （24-25九年级下·浙江·阶段练习）The WWF has published the first worldwide guide to save the world’s forests. The WWF is an international charity that works to protect nature. Its Forest Pathways (路径) Report explains the condition of the world’s forests and what governments can do to better protect them. The report centers around the promises made at COP26—a meeting about climate change held in the UK in 2021. At COP26, more than 140 countries, covering about 90% of the world’s forests, promised to stop cutting down trees by 2030. However, the WWF says that this may not be achieved. In 2022, 66,000 square kilometres of forest around the world were lost. About two-thirds was from rainforests. This is influencing wildlife. The number of animals that depend on forests is falling. However, the report also shows some success stories in protecting nature. For example, the Khata Conservation (保护) Area in Nepal has grown, providing a home for tigers and other animals. At the same time, in the UK, the Wild Ingleborough project, a partnership between the WWF and the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, is bringing 15 square kilometres of land in the Yorkshire Dales back to its natural state, with forests. Mary Gagen, the person who wrote the report, says, “There are places where countries are dealing with cutting down trees, and we know what needs to be done to help them grow.” The report includes a list of suggestions for world governments, providing plans to save forests. This includes making rules against cutting down trees stronger, as well as recognizing the rights of local people who live in the forests. There are also some clear ideas for the UK Government, such as introducing environmental rules for food that is bought and sold in the UK, so that none of it hurts forests. 1．What is the Forest Pathways Report about? A．It shares stories of local people that live in forests. B．It tells new ways to plant more trees around the world. C．It explains the reason for climate change around the world. D．It shows how forests are and what governments can do to protect them. 2．What does the underlined words “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The Forest Pathways Report. B．The number of countries at COP26. C．The promise to stop cutting down trees by 2030. D．The meeting about climate change held in the UK in 2021. 3．Why does the writer mention the Khata Conservation Area in Nepal in Paragraph 4? A．To give an example of a place where nature is being protected. B．To compare the size of Khata Conservation Area to other areas. C．To show how the Khata Conservation Area has grown in recent years. D．To describe the types of animals living in the Khata Conservation Area. 4．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．A Meeting on the Climate Change B．New Plans to Save the World Forest C．Successful Stories of Stopping Tree Cutting D．How Forests Are Changing Around the World 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界自然基金会发布的《森林路径报告》，包括全球森林现状、COP26承诺的执行情况、森林破坏的影响以及成功保护案例，并提出政府行动建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“Its Forest Pathways (路径) Report explains the condition of the world’s forests and what governments can do to better protect them.”可知，报告内容聚焦森林现状与政府行动。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“At COP26, more than 140 countries, covering about 90% of the world’s forests, promised to stop cutting down trees by 2030.”可知，COP26上多国承诺到2030年停止砍伐树木，但WWF认为“这一目标”可能无法实现。由此推断，“this”指代前文提到的“2030年停止砍伐”的承诺。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“However, the report also shows some success stories in protecting nature. For example, the Khata Conservation (保护) Area in Nepal has grown, providing a home for tigers and other animals. ”可知，报告展示了成功案例，如尼泊尔Khata保护区扩大。由此推断，作者引用该案例是为了说明自然保护的成功实践。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。全文围绕WWF报告展开，核心内容包括森林现状分析、COP26承诺的挑战、保护案例及政府行动建议。选项B“拯救全球森林的新计划”与之相符，故选B。 （2025·安徽滁州·一模）Robotic dogs are helping carry waste at Mount Taishan in Tai’an, Shandong Province. This plan connects new technology with environmental protection to solve waste problems at this popular natural wonder. Mount Taishan welcomes millions of visitors each year and the visitors produce tons of waste. It is difficult to clean up the waste. After exploring different methods, the staff (员工) found robot helpers were a good choice. The robotic dog has four legs and a shelf that can carry 30 to 40 kilograms of waste. Some tests were done at different parts of the mountain earlier. The robotic dogs were tested on their climbing abilities, how long they could work, and how they dealt with emergencies (紧急情况) on the mountain. Results showed that the robotic dogs could climb from the foot to the top within two hours. They could work for four to six hours with a full charge (电量) and perform well on most parts of the mountain, which meant they could help with waste transportation and might take the place of cleaners. Tourists show a great interest in the robotic dogs.” I took a photo with one robotic dog and found it amazing. I hope in the future they might even carry people up the mountain,” a tourist said. 1．Why are the robotic dogs used at Mount Taishan? A．To help with waste management. B．To test new climbing technology. C．To replace human guides. D．To attract more tourists. 2．Which of the following can show the robotic dog in the text? A． B． C． D． 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The robotic dog’s future. B．The robotic dog’s design. C．The robotic dog’s price. D．The robotic dog’s ability. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To present waste problems. B．To ask people to protect the environment. C．To tell people to do more climbing. D．To introduce a new robot. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了山东省泰安市泰山景区引入机器狗帮助清理垃圾的情况，包括机器狗的设计、测试结果以及游客对其的兴趣。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Robotic dogs are helping carry waste at Mount Taishan in Tai’an, Shandong Province. This plan connects new technology with environmental protection to solve waste problems at this popular natural wonder.”可知，机器狗在泰山被用来帮助处理垃圾问题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The robotic dog has four legs and a shelf that can carry 30 to 40 kilograms of waste.”可知，机器狗有四条腿和一个能承载30到40公斤垃圾的架子。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Results showed that the robotic dogs could climb from the foot to the top within two hours. They could work for four to six hours with a full charge (电量) and perform well on most parts of the mountain, which meant they could help with waste transportation and might take the place of cleaners.”可知，本段主要讲述了机器狗的爬坡能力、工作时间和在山上的表现等能力方面的内容。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章整体内容，特别是第一段和后续对机器狗的介绍，可知本文的主要目的是介绍一种新型的机器人——机器狗，以及它在泰山景区帮助清理垃圾的应用。故选D。 （2025·安徽亳州·一模）How has global warming changed your life? Maybe you feel hotter summers. But for reindeer herders (驯鹿牧民), the effects are much more serious. Reindeer herders live in the Arctic areas from Russia to Sweden. They depend on their knowledge of snow, ice, weather, and animal behavior to survive terrible winters. However, the warming Arctic is changing these natural signs. In 2014, during the winter migration (迁徙) in North Russia, heavy rain formed a thick layer of ice over the lichen (青苔), which is usually covered by soft snow. The reindeer couldn’t eat the lichen and went hungry, leading to the deaths of tens of thousands of them. Global warming not only threatens the herders’ way of life but also their culture. “We are Arctic people, and our culture is written in snow. But climate change means there will be less and less snow,” said Henrik Blind, a Sami herder from Sweden. In his language, there are over 300 words for snow. With less snow, their cultural is at risk. Though there are challenges, herders are working with scientists to fight climate change. Herders’ knowledge of snow helps scientists, while information from satellites helps herders. In 2023, the US built a center to bring together traditional knowledge and science. “We must stop overusing our planet. We need to listen to local people who know how to live peacefully with nature,” Blind said. 1．What happened to the reindeer during the 2014 winter migration in North Russia? A．They got lost during the migration. B．They couldn’t eat lichen because of thick ice. C．They were attacked by other animals. D．They moved to Sweden for food. 2．What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．The reindeer. B．The herders. C．The scientists. D．The lichen. 3．How are herders and scientists working together to fight climate change? A．Scientists teach herders to use satellites. B．Scientists and herders stop heavy rainfall. C．Herders help scientists follow reindeer migration. D．Herders share knowledge and scientists give satellite help. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Reindeer herders face serious challenges because of global warming. B．Scientists are helping herders save the reindeer population. C．Arctic people are losing their culture because of less snow. D．The US built a center to protect traditional Arctic knowledge. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述全球变暖对北极驯鹿牧民生活的严重影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“In 2014, during the winter migration (迁徙) in North Russia, heavy rain formed a thick layer of ice over the lichen (青苔), which is usually covered by soft snow. The reindeer couldn’t eat the lichen and went hungry, leading to the deaths of tens of thousands of them.”可知，2014年冬季迁徙期间，大雨在青苔上形成厚冰层，驯鹿无法进食，导致大规模死亡。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The reindeer couldn’t eat the lichen and went hungry, leading to the deaths of tens of thousands of them.”可知，“them”指代前一句的主语“reindeer”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Though there are challenges, herders are working with scientists to fight climate change. Herders’ knowledge of snow helps scientists, while information from satellites helps herders.”可知，牧民的传统知识与科学家的卫星数据结合，共同应对气候变化。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“How has global warming changed your life? Maybe you feel hotter summers. But for reindeer herders (驯鹿牧民), the effects are much more serious.”及通读全文可知，全文围绕全球变暖对驯鹿牧民的影响展开，包括生存威胁和文化危机，最终提及合作应对。故选A。 （24-25九年级下·安徽安庆·阶段练习）Next time you open your fridge, have a close look at what’s in it. What do you see? Vegetables, fruits, meat or some milk? What else can you see? There may be some kinds of plastic packaging to protect your delicious food well. From food to water bottles, plastic containers and wrappers (容器和包装纸) are everywhere. However, plastic pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems in the world and packaging is the largest source of plastic waste. It’s true that plastic pollution harms the environment and results in lots of animal deaths each year. And plastic pollution can be bad for people’s health, as well as the environment. This happens when the material gives off harmful chemicals (化学物质) that have been added to it. Many countries have already brought in, or are planning to bring in bans (禁令) on single use plastics. This shows that it’s possible to live without them. While in some situations, for example, plastic packaging may be the best choice for wrapping food. It is stronger than glass or paper and also lighter than many other packing materials. So instead of not using plastic at all, we need to use it only when necessary. Lots of packaging can be recycled or reused. Instead of throwing it directly, perhaps we need to find better ways to reuse it. 1．Plastic pollution can be bad for ________. A．People’s health and countries. B．People’s health and the environment. C．Only people’s health. D．People’s health and food. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Plastics can be strong and light to use. B．People no longer use plastic. C．Bans on single use plastics have been carried out. D．It’s impossible to recycle plastic packaging. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Plastic. B．Packaging. C．Glass. D．Paper. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了塑料污染的危害以及一些国家采取的措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“And plastic pollution can be bad for people’s health, as well as the environment.”可知，塑料污染对人类健康和环境都有害。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“While in some situations, for example, plastic packaging may be the best choice for wrapping food. It is stronger than glass or paper and also lighter than many other packing materials.”可知，塑料在某些情况下是包装食物的最佳选择，因为它比玻璃或纸更坚固，也比许多其他包装材料更轻。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“While in some situations, for example, plastic packaging may be the best choice for wrapping food. It is stronger than glass or paper and also lighter than many other packing materials. So instead of not using plastic at all, we need to use it only when necessary.”可知，在某些情况下，例如，塑料包装可能是包装食品的最佳选择，它比玻璃或纸更坚固，也比许多其他包装材料更轻，因此，我们需要仅在必要时使用塑料，而不是完全不使用塑料；可推测出“it”指代的是“plastic”。故选A。 三、补全对话 （2025·安徽淮南·一模）根据对话内容，从文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两个为多余选项。 A: Hi, Lucy. Did you watch the TV program about environmental protection last night? B: 1 It was really eye-opening. We should do something to protect our land. A: Yes, it was shocking. 2 B: I think we should start by reducing the use of plastic. A: That’s a good idea. 3 B: We can use reusable bags instead of plastic ones, and avoid buying products with too much packaging (包装). A: Great suggestions! 4 B: We can also avoid food waste and save water. Every small action counts. A: You’re right. 5 Let’s do our part to protect the environment. B: I agree. Many hands make light work! A．Yes, I did. B．What else can we do? C．What can we do to help? D．I don’t think it’s a big deal. E．How can we reduce the use of plastic? F．I think it’s too late to make a difference. G．We should also encourage others to join us. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．E 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文是一段关于环境保护的对话。 1．根据“Hi, Lucy. Did you watch the TV program about environmental protection last night?”和“It was really eye-opening. We should do something to protect our land.”可知，此句是一般疑问句，问的是是否看了电视节目。选项A“是的，我看了。”符合语境，故选A。 2．根据“Yes, it was shocking.”和“I think we should start by reducing the use of plastic.”可知，此句是在讨论如何采取行动。选项C“我们能做些什么来帮助？”符合语境，故选C。 3．根据“That’s a good idea.”和“We can use reusable bags instead of plastic ones, and avoid buying products with too much packaging.”可知，此句是在讨论如何减少塑料使用。选项E“我们如何减少塑料的使用？”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据“Great suggestions!”和“We can also avoid food waste and save water. Every small action counts.”可知，此句是在讨论其他可以采取的行动。选项B“我们还能做些什么？”符合语境，故选B。 5．根据“You’re right.”和“Let’s do our part to protect the environment.”可知，此句是在讨论如何鼓励他人参与。选项G“我们也应该鼓励其他人加入我们。”符合语境，故选G。 （2025·青海西宁·二模）七选五，补对话。 A: Hi, Tom. 1 B: I’m reading a book about the future. A: Sounds cool. 2 B: Well, cities will be more crowded and polluted. There will be fewer trees and the environment will be in great danger. A: 3 Will we have to move to other planets? B: Maybe. But I want to live on the earth. A: Me, too. 4 B: We can use less water and plant more trees. Everyone should play a part in saving the earth. A: 5 A．What are you reading? B．What are you doing? C．That sounds bad. D．What will the future be like? E．What can we do? F．That’s too bad. G．I agree. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．G 【导语】本文主要讲述了关于未来环境的讨论。 1．根据答语“I’m reading a book about the future.”可知，A是在询问B正在做什么事情。B选项“你在做什么？”符合语境，故选B。 2．根据“Well, cities will be more crowded and polluted. There will be fewer trees and the environment will be in great danger.”可知，这是对未来情况的描述。D选项“未来将会是什么样的？”符合语境，故选D。 3．上文B描述了未来城市拥挤、污染严重、树木减少、环境危险等不好的情况，C选项“那听起来很糟糕。”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据“We can use less water and plant more trees. Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.”可知，这是在回答能够采取的行动。E选项“我们能做什么？”符合语境，故选E。 5．根据“We can use less water and plant more trees. Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.”可知，A表示认同B的观点，G选项“我同意”符合语境，故选G。 四、书面表达 1．（24-25九年级下·安徽安庆·阶段练习）保护环境，就是守护我们赖以生存的家园，让蓝天白云、碧水青山成为永恒的风景。请你以How to Protect the Environment in Our City为题，写一篇书面表达。 要点：1. 描述你所在城市的环境现状，例如空气污染、水污染、噪音污染等。 2. 分析造成这些环境问题的原因，例如：汽车尾气（car exhaust）、工厂排放、乱扔垃圾等。 3. 提出至少四条切实可行的解决方案，例如：乘坐公共交通工具、减少使用塑料袋、进行垃圾分类、参与植树活动等。 4. 呼吁大家共同努力，保护城市环境。 （作文请包含上述要点，不少于100词，文章开头已给，不计入总词数） Nowadays the environment in our city is not so good. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： Nowadays the environment in our city is not so good. The air is often polluted with smog, especially during rush hours, due to the large number of cars on the road. Water pollution is also a serious problem, as many factories discharge untreated waste into rivers. Additionally, noise pollution from construction sites and traffic has become increasingly disturbing. There are several reasons for these environmental issues. Firstly, car exhaust is a major contributor to air pollution. Secondly, factories often prioritize profits over environmental protection, leading to harmful emissions. Lastly, many people still litter carelessly, which not only affects the cleanliness of the city but also harms wildlife. To address these problems, we can take the following actions. First, we should use public transportation more often to reduce car emissions. Second, we can reduce the use of plastic bags by bringing reusable bags when shopping. Third, we should practice waste sorting to make recycling more efficient. Finally, participating in tree-planting activities can help improve air quality and beautify our city. Protecting the environment is everyone’s responsibility. Let’s work together to make our city a cleaner and healthier place to live. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：一般现在时； ③提示：内容要点已给出，考生应按要求进行写作，不可遗漏任何信息提示，适当添加细节，使行文连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步，描述城市环境现状，包括空气污染、水污染和噪音污染； 第二步，分析造成这些问题的原因，如汽车尾气、工厂排放和乱扔垃圾； 第三步，提出四条切实可行的解决方案，如使用公共交通、减少塑料袋使用、垃圾分类和植树； 第四步，呼吁大家共同努力保护环境。 [亮点词汇] ①rush hours高峰时段 ②due to因为 ③the large number of 大量的 ④not only...but also...不仅……而且…… ⑤practice waste sorting实行废物分类 [高分句型] ①Water pollution is also a serious problem, as many factories discharge untreated waste into rivers（as引导的原因状语从句） ②Lastly, many people still litter carelessly, which not only affects the cleanliness of the city but also harms wildlife.（which引导的定语从句） 2．（2025·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）“以爱为笔，绘就地球生机”。4月22日是世界地球日，作为中学生的我们也应为保护地球贡献自己的力量，请你根据下面的表格写一篇关于保护环境爱护地球的文章。 症状 土地沙化、河流污染、全球气温升高…… 原因 砍伐树木、工厂排放废水废气…… 应对措施 多植树、阻止工厂乱排废气废水…… 要求： 1. 词数80词左右； 2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3. 文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 As we all know, our environment is getting worse and worse. There are many reasons for it. People cut down too many trees and throw rubbish here and there. Factories let out their waste water into the rivers. This has caused some serious problems. For example, the land is sandy; the river is polluted; even the temperature of the Earth is rising. Also, there are too many cars in the street. The air is polluted and less clean than before. What shall we do to save it? My suggestions are as follows. To begin with, we should plant more trees, put the rubbish into dustbins and stop factories pouring waste into the air or rivers. What’s more, when we go out, we can use sharing bikes or take buses instead of taking cars. As students, we must start small things. At school we can use both sides of paper. At home we also can use used water to water flowers. They can save energy and be good for our Earth. We have only one Earth, and we should do everything to protect it, or we’ll regret. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态主要为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，注意不要遗漏“表格提示”中每一项内容，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，说明环境污染的原因； 第二步，介绍环境污染导致的一些后果； 第三步，最后给出相应的应对措施。 [亮点词汇] ①As we all know众所周知 ②let out释放（水、空气等） ③To begin with首先 ④What’s more更重要的是 ⑤instead of而不是 [高分句型] ①Also, there are too many cars in the street.（there be句型） ②What’s more, when we go out, we can use sharing bikes or take buses instead of taking cars.（时间状语从句） 3．（2025·辽宁铁岭·一模）随着环境问题日益严重，保护地球已成为每个人的责任。作为中学生，我们也能为环保贡献力量。请以“Small Actions, Big Changes”为题，写一篇80—100词左右的英语短文。 内容包括： (1)简述身边的环境问题(如垃圾、空气污染等)； (2)提出至少三个日常环保建议(如节约用水、垃圾分类等)； (3)呼吁大家共同行动。 要求： (1)包括提示中所有的写作要点； (2)条理清楚，行文连贯，可适当发挥； (3)短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名等信息； (4)题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Small Actions, Big Changes The earth is the only home for everyone on it. It’s crying for our help now. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Small Actions, Big Changes The earth is the only home for everyone on it. It’s crying for our help now. Nowadays, we can see rubbish everywhere, and the air is badly polluted. These environmental problems are threatening our lives. As middle school students, we can do many things to protect the environment. First, we should save water by turning off the tap in time. Second, we can sort the waste properly to recycle more things. Third, we’d better choose public transportation, like buses and subways, instead of cars. Let’s take these small actions right now. With everyone’s efforts, we can make a big change and create a better world. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：简述身边的环境问题，提出日常环保建议，并呼吁大家共同行动。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开头指出地球是我们唯一的家园，目前正面临环境问题，需要我们的帮助，引出话题； 第二步，中间具体阐述中学生可以采取的环保行动，如及时关水龙头节约用水、正确垃圾分类、选择公共交通出行等； 第三步，结尾呼吁大家立刻行动起来，强调通过每个人的努力能带来大改变，创造美好世界。 [亮点词汇] ①threatening有威胁性的 ②sort分类 ③public transportation公共交通 [高分句型] ①These environmental problems are threatening our lives.（使用现在进行时） ②With everyone’s efforts, we can make a big change and create a better world.（运用“with+名词所有格+名词”的结构） 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$