Unit 12 Period Two Lesson 1(学案)-【成才之路】2024-2025学年高中新课程英语选择性必修第四册同步学习指导(北师大版2019)

2025-05-26
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河北万卷文化有限公司
进店逛逛

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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语北师大版选择性必修第四册
年级 高二
章节 Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs
类型 学案
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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文件大小 2.11 MB
发布时间 2025-05-26
更新时间 2025-05-26
作者 河北万卷文化有限公司
品牌系列 成才之路·高中新教材同步学习指导
审核时间 2025-04-16
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来源 学科网

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沿着而下。上文说胡安爬上楼梯,取了东 西,所以此处指下楼梯。故选D项。 13. C   句意:同上题。stay逗留;return回来; flee逃走;cry哭。根据“Their home was al most in ruins.”可知,一家人从一楼拿了几件 东西逃了出来。故选C项。 14. D  句意:对这位坚定的母亲来说,耳聋并不 是障碍。famous 出名的;skillful 技术娴熟 的;ordinary普通的;determined坚定的。根 据上文“You just cant imagine what a brave mother is like.”可知,对这位坚定的母亲来 说,耳聋并不是障碍。故选D项。 15. B  句意:这家人安全到达了避难所,这让每 个人都感到欣慰。darkness黑暗;shelter避 难所;ruins废墟;stairs楼梯。根据“which comforted everyone”可知,这家人安全到达了 避难所。故选B项。 Ⅲ.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲 述了科比去世后,他的球迷举行各种活动来 纪念他。4月1日有人更新了他的社交媒 体,向球迷宣布了关于他的体育传奇小说 The Wizenard Series:Season One。很多球迷 希望可以通过这本书延续科比的传奇,但有 人也认为让科比成为传奇的是他的精神。 1. activities  考查名词的数。activity“活动”是 可数名词,根据various判断此处用复数形式。 故填activities。 2. on  考查介词。根据April 1判断此处应填介 词on,on April 1“在四月1日”。故填on。 3. the   考查冠词。此处考查固定表达around the globe“全世界”。故填the。 4. is based  考查时态和语态。分析句子可知, 此处是定语从句的谓语动词,主语who代指 先行词“coach Rolabi”,是第三人称单数,且和 base之间是被动关系,根据上文的revolves判 断此处为一般现在时。故填is based。 5. teaching  考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知, 此处应用非谓语动词和while一起构成时间 状语,逻辑主语the book和teach之间是主动 关系,应用现在分词。故填teaching。 6. personal  考查形容词。分析句子可知,此处 应用形容词修饰名词词组“basketball experi ences”。故填personal。 7. directly  考查副词。分析句子可知,此处应 用副词修饰动词come。故填directly。 8. will continue  考查时态。分析句子可知,此 处是宾语从句的谓语动词,结合语境可知 continue发生在将来,且主句是现在进行时, 故用一般将来时。故填will continue。 9. however / nevertheless   考查副词。句意:然 而,对于其他很多人来说,让科比成为传奇人 物的是他的精神。根据句意可知,上下文是 转折关系。故填however / nevertheless。 10. Known  考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知, 此处应用非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语Bry ant和know之间是被动关系,应用被动语 态。故填Known。 Period Two  Lesson 1 课前自主预习 Ⅰ. 1. E  2. D  3. C  4. A  5. B Ⅱ. 1. efficiently  2. subsequently  3. constantly 4. physicist  5. donation Ⅲ. 1. was watching TV when I suddenly  2. There is no doubt that  3. so much energy to his job that   4. less important than   5. make you comfortable Ⅳ. 1.定语  2.主语补足语  3.宾语补足语  4.主语  5.表语  6. 表语 课文语篇研读 一、1—5 CBCAC 二、1—5 FFTFT 三、1. completely  2. were made  3. ranged 4. diseases  5. donated  6. with  7. and 8. flying  9. how  10. the 课堂新知讲练 词汇拓讲 1.(1)donation  (2)donations  (3)donating (4)donate clothes  (5)at donation centres 2.(1)subsequent  (2)subsequently (3)subsequent to  (4)Subsequently  (5)in a subsequent report  (6)subsequent to (7)subsequent to 3.(1)instantly  (2)instantly  (3)in an instant (4)an instant success 4.(1)efficiency  (2)efficiently  (3)                                                                      efficiently —249— (4)efficiently and economically (5)more efficiently 句式解读 1.(1)—(3)BCB  (4)my English teacher (5)a friend of my brothers   (6)people 2.(1)an organised trip  (2)The injured workers (3)the fallen leaves   (4)The problem discussed  (5)nothing changed 突破语法 1—3 CAB  4. something important 5. anything interesting  6. nothing dangerous 随堂知能小练 一、1. scientific  2. donate  3. instant 4. subsequently   5. constant   6. perceive   7. accuracy 二、1. scientist  2. donation  3. instantly 4. constantly  5. accurate 三、1. not to mention  2. figure out  3. be nothing like  4. Only a few  5. come up with 6. single out 练案[14] 基础练 Ⅰ. 1. satellites  2. Subsequently  3. Scientific 4. premier  5. constant  6. navy  7. microscope  8. biologist Ⅱ. 1. outcomes  2. Subsequent  3. constantly  4. orbits  5. scientifically  6. donation  7. findings  8. perceiving Ⅲ. 1. nothing like  2. single out  3. will come up with  4. figure out  5. participate in 提升练 Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍影响 食量的几个因素。 1. D  推理判断题。根据第一段“People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home. People dining in a party of four eat 75 percent more.”和另外一个人一起吃会 比在家多吃35%;四个人一起吃会多吃75%, 可知过度饮食的一个原因是和很多人一起 吃,故选D项。 2. A  推理判断题。根据第三段“Thats perhaps also why eating organic (有机的)food might turn you into an annoying guy. Your brain may use anything that makes you feel good about your own morality to excuse your immoral behav iour.”可推断出,一个令人讨厌的人是一个为 自己吃过量找借口的人。故选A项。 3. C  细节理解题。根据最后一段“People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.”可知,低 血糖的人更有可能不专注以及无法控制他们 不开心的情绪,因而更有可能做出错误的判 断。故选C项。 4. B  主旨大意题。文章第一段便可看出本文大 意“Modern humans have a hard time controlling their desire to eat. Often you eat not because you are hungry,but because you are affected by man y other things.”现代人很难控制他们的食欲。 通常他们吃不是因为他们饿了,而是受到很多 因素的影响。下文介绍影响人们过度饮食的 因素,故“什么影响吃?”作为本文的标题最合 适。故选B项。 Ⅱ.【语篇解读】绿色是自然界中一种重要的颜 色。它是树叶和青草的颜色。这也是大多 数生长中的植物的颜色。有时,绿色的意思 是年轻的,新鲜和成长。有时,它也描述了 一些尚未完成的或不成熟的植物。 1. F  空前句意:绿色是自然界重要的颜色。它 是草和树叶的颜色。这里F(它也是大部分植 物的颜色。)符合上下文。故选F项。 2. C  空后句意:一个有绿色拇指的人似乎会魔 法,可以使植物生长得又快又好。这里C(有 能力使植物生长好的人被说成有绿色拇指, 即“园艺技能”。)符合句意。故选C项。 3. E  空前句意:多年前,人们把新品种的水稻 和其他谷物的发展称作绿色革命。空后句 意:绿色革命是有园艺技能的农业科学家们 努力的结果。这里E(新的品种产量更大。) 符合句意。故选E项。 4. B  空后句意:绿眼怪物并不是来自外星球的 可怕生物。它是大约四百年前英国作家莎士 比亚在他的话剧《奥赛罗》中所用的表达。这 里B(                                                                       绿色也被使用来描述那些有强烈嫉妒心 —250— # # # # - . / 0 # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 = 8 : > ? < 对应学生用书学案P 一、单词拼写 1. Great crises often call forth         (有天赋 的)leaders. 2. Fear for the safety or         (幸福)of yourself and others you care about,e. g. your parents or your brothers and sisters. 3. His death has left a void(空白;空虚)in the         (娱乐)world that can never be filled. 4. Experts say drip irrigation(滴流灌溉)is an         (创新)whose importance is growing, as climate change and rising population strain water supplies in many parts of the world. 5. What we have gained in convenience from         (节省劳力的)devices over the past half century,we have paid for in terms of a sharp decline in physical activity. 6. As their boss,what can you do to ensure that they are as         (富有成效的)as possible? 二、单句语法填空 1. He is a confident and         (gift) Australian photographer. 2. Their latest         (productive)is aimed at the mass market. 3. The Dove Foundation aims to promote wholesome family         (entertain). 4. The “New York Tribune (纽约论坛报)” namelessly attributed the         (innovate)of the hamburger to the stand on the street. 三、完成句子 1. He                         rare eloquence. 他天生具有罕见的口才。 2. The ability of a species to compete and             a gradually changing environment is not the only ability that is essential for survival. 一个物种竞争和适应逐渐变化的环境的能力 并不是生存所必需的唯一能力。 3. Nowadays,some people                 mobile phones for even one hour,becoming slaves of mobile phones. 如今,有些人甚至离开手机一小时都不行,成 了手机的奴隶。 4. If you wish, all the imported XDE files                             a single UML project. 如果您愿意,所有导入的XDE文件都可以被 置于一个单独的UML项目中。 请同学们认真完成练案[13                                             ] Period Two  Lesson 1 3 4 5 6 0 7 对应学生用书学案P Ⅰ.猜词意 A.坦率的;直言不讳的 B.谦虚的;谦卑的 C.觉察;注意到;发觉 D.科学(上)的 E.立刻的;马上的 1. Contrary to expectations, the film was an instant success. (    ) 2. Scientific research is widely claimed to be the source of the high standard of living in the U. S. (    ) 3. Students must perceive           for themselves the "") ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , # # relationship between success and effort. (    ) 4. Someone who is outspoken gives their opinions about things openly and honestly,even if they are likely to shock or offend people. (    ) 5. A humble person is not proud and does not believe that they are better than other people. (    ) Ⅱ.猜单词拼写 1. efficient adj.高效的;有效的→           adv.有效率地;高效能地 2. subsequent adj.后来的;随后的→           adv.后来;随后 3. constant adj.恒久不变的;持续不断的;经常 发生的→           adv.总是,经常地,不 断地 (参考:large→largely) 4. physics n.物理→           n.物理学家 (参考:art→artist) 5. donate v.捐献;捐赠→           n.捐赠; 捐献 (参考:invite→invitation) Ⅲ.完成句子 1. I                                   heard a strange sound. 我正在看电视突然听到一个奇怪的声音。 2.                 she is an excellent student. 毫无疑问,她是一名优秀的学生。 3. He devoted                           he had no time to accompany his children. 他投入了如此多的精力于工作,以至于没有 时间陪伴孩子们。 4. This meeting is                         that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。 5. Theyll                               on the plane. 他们会使你在飞机上舒舒服服。 Ⅳ.预备语法(形容词) 写出下面各句中黑体字部分所充当的成分 1. She is a good student,and she works hard. (    ) 2. He spent seven days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry. (    ) 3. We found the film quite instructive. (    ) 4. The poor are taken good care of in the hospital. (    ) 5. The bike Tom bought yesterday is very expensive. (    ) 6. You should keep calm in case of emergency. (                                                    ) 3 # @ A B C 对应学生用书学案P 一、阅读理解 1. When was “theory of relativity”born?        A. In 1903.           B. In 1904. C. In 1905. D. In 1906. 2. What was Eckert?        A. A biologist. B. An engineer. C. A professor. D. A physicist. 3. Where was penicillin found in 1929?        A. On the floor. B. On the table. C. In the dish. D. In the lab. 4. When was the worlds first computer finished?         A. In 1946. B. In 1948. C. In 1950. D. In 1960. 5. Who invented the World Wide Web in 1990?         A. Albert Einstein. B. Alexander Fleming.                   C. Tim BernersLee. n D. Eckert. ""* # # # # - . / 0 # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 二、判断正误 1. The atom is the smallest particle of matter in the universe. (    ) 2. In the summer of 1904,“E = mc2”was born. (    ) 3. Penicillin was found in 1929. (    ) 4. Mauchly was an engineer during the World War II. (    ) 5. By the end of the 1960s,some mininetworks were established. (    ) 三、课文语法填空 If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century,you would have a real problem on your hands. In just 100 years,the world has changed 1.       (complete). Amazing discoveries 2.       (make ) in medicine, communications and transport,not to mention our knowledge of the world and space. Medical advances 3.       (range)from discovering the causes of 4.       (disease)under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with 5.       (donate)ones. Communications changed 6.       the introduction of mobile phones,7.       the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. We started 8.       (fly)around the world,launching satellites into orbit and,at the same time,scientists figured out 9.       to split the atom,previously thought to be 10.                                 smallest particle of matter in the universe. 3 8 9 : ; < 对应学生用书学案P ◇词汇拓讲 1. donate vt. &vi.捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠, 捐献 (P52 ) Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones. 【翻译】医学上的进步范围很广,从利用显微 镜揭示病因,到施行手术,用捐赠的器官做器 官移植。 【语言提升          】 donate blood义务献血;捐血 donation n.捐款;捐赠;捐赠物 donation account捐赠账户 He used to donate a large sum of money to the famous university every year. 他过去每年都向那所著名的大学捐献大笔 的钱。 Many people offered to donate blood for the badly burnt worker. 很多人自愿为那个严重烧伤的工人献血。 Employees make regular donations to charities. 员工们定期向慈善机构捐赠物品。 【针对练习】 单句语法填空 (1)Organ         (donate)to strangers is considered an unselfish act. (2)The work of the charity is funded by voluntary         (donate). (3)It is so selfless of my teacher to help those in poverty by         (donate)money. 完成句子 (4)You need to know that every time you                   ,books or toys to a charity shop,you are helping people. 你要知道,每次你将衣服、书籍或者玩具 捐赠到慈善店里时,你都是在帮助别人。 (5)Since the war broke out,the phones                                                               have been ringing " ! ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , # # off the hook. 自从战争爆发以来,捐款中心的电话一 直响个不停。 2. subsequently adv.后来,随后 (P52)Subsequently,“E = mc2”was born. 【翻译】随后,“E = mc2”诞生了。 【语言提升              】 subsequent adj.随后的 subsequential adj.后来的;并发的 subsequence n.随后;接着 subsequent to继……之后 He said he was a doctor,but it subsequently emerged that he was an impostor. 他说他是位医生,但后来却发现他是个骗子。 Although he subsequently became a successful businessman, his criminal past caught up with him. 虽然他后来成了一位成功的商人,但他的犯 罪前科却让他尝到了恶果。 Three of them were killed in the subsequent encounter with the police. 他们中有三个人在后来与警察的冲突中被 杀死。 【针对练习】 单句语法填空 (1)These will be used in             (subsequence)steps. (2)Overthe past 10 years,news organisations have had to cut down on staff and             (subsequent) their coverage of foreign stories. 完成句子 (3)On the day                 his visit, she disappeared. 在他访问的第二天,她失踪了。 (4)        ,new guidelines were issued to all employees. 随后,新的准则发给了所有雇员。 (5)Developments on this issue will be dealt with                           . 这个问题的发展将在以后的报道中予以 说明。 (6)There have been further developments                 our meeting. 在我们的会议之后又有新发展。 (7)The day                 the typhoon, the weather became nice. 继台风过后的第二天,天气就变好了。 3. instant adj.立刻的,马上的 (P52 )Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones,and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. 【翻译】随着手机的引入,通信方式改变了, 我们联系的方式从写信变为了发送电子邮件 和即时信息。 【语言提升                            】 instant也可以用作名词,意为“瞬间;刹那; 时刻”。 in an instant立刻;马上;瞬间 instantaneous adj.瞬间的;即时的;猝发的 instantly adv.立即地;马上地;即刻地 conj.一……就…… instantaneously  adv.即刻;突如其来地 instant food速溶食品 At that instant the museum was plunged into total darkness. 在那一刻,博物馆陷入一片黑暗。 Death was not instantaneous because none of the bullets hit the heart. 因为没有一颗子弹射中心脏,所以没有即刻 死亡。 In the movies guns kill people instantly,but its not like that in real life. 电影中,枪能使人在瞬间毙命,而实际情况并 非如此                                                                        。 "#" # # # # - . / 0 # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The boys forgot all their fears,all their miseries in an instant. 孩子们在一瞬间忘记了他们所有的恐惧、所 有的痛苦。 Modern science and technology has not developed capably enough to make instant food as nutrient as normal food. 现代科技还没有达到能够让速溶食品像一般 食品那么有营养的水平。 【针对练习】 单句语法填空 (1)You can make your stomach look flatter         (instant) by improving your posture. (2)She recognised the animal             (instant)and was frightened. 完成句子 (3)Ill be back                     . 我马上就回来。 (4)Contrary to expectations,the film was                         . 与预期的相反,这部电影一上映就获得 了成功。 4. efficiently adv.有效率地,高效能地 (P53)With the development of computers, people expected to get more things done efficiently. 【翻译】随着计算机的发展,人们期望高效地 做更多的事情。 【语言提升          】 efficient adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的 efficiency n.效率;效能;功效 efficiently and effectively  有效能 I work very efficiently and I am decisive,and accurate in my judgement. 我工作高效、决策果断而且判断准确。 The creation of an efficient and sustainable transport system is critical. 一个高效且可持续发展的交通系统的创建是 非常重要的。 This lets your organisation manage resources more efficiently and effectively. 这使得您的组织可以更高效能管理资源。 【易混辨析              】 effective意为“有效的,能产生预期效果 的”,强调某物或者某事达到预期的期望 efficient表示“效率高的,效能高的”,强调 完成一件事情省时省力,效率很高 She deals with all the correspondence promptly and efficiently. 她迅速有效地处理全部来往信件。 Services need to be more effectively organised than they are at present. 服务的管理需要比现在更加有效。 We can arrange time efficiently and know how long a single task will take. 我们可以有效地安排时间,并知道每项任务 需要多长时间。 【针对练习】 单句语法填空 (1)I was impressed by the         (efficient)with which she handled the crisis. (2)Which fuel burns most           (efficient)? (3)That means that I have to work more           (efficient). 完成句子 (4)Services could be operated more                         . 可以更有效、更经济地提供服务。 (5)The plan is designed to motivate employees to work                                 . 这个计划旨在促使员工更加卓有成效地 工作                                                                        。 " # ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , # # ◇句式解读 1. (P53)The navy turned to Eckert, an engineer,and Mauchly,a physicist,to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint effort. 【翻译】美国海军向一位工程师Eckert和一 位物理学家Mauchly请求帮助,联合处理这 个问题,生产做这个工作的机器。 【句式剖析】 句中的“an engineer”和“a physicist”分别是 Eckert和Mauchly的同位语。 【句式提升】 (1)一个名词(或其他形式)对另一个名词 或代词进行解释或补充说明,这个名词(或 其他形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定 的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。 ①由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位 组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句 法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。 Mr. Smith,our new teacher, is very kind to us. our new teacher是主语Mr. Smith的同位语, 指同一人。 ②同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗 点隔开;同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释 时可用逗点隔开。 He told me that his brother John was a world famous doctor. (brother和John都是单一的词作同位语,与 其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。) ③同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外, 还可以表示部分意义。 He is interested in sports, especially ball games. (2)同位语类型 ①单词作同位语 We both come from Hunan. You three take these seats. ②短语作同位语 ▲使用不定式作同位语。 He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason,to bring computers to people and make them “peopleliterate”. ▲有时可用形容词作同位语,作用接近定 语,但放在所同位名词的后面,且有逗号把 它们分开。 People,old and young,took to the streets to watch the parade. ③从句作同位语 ▲同位语从句:在某些名词后面,可以跟 that或连接代词(副词)引起的从句作同位 语,说明其内容。 ▲同位语从句的先行词有:idea,fact,news, hope,belief,thought,doubt,promise,truth, agreement,decision等。 I have no idea that you were here. The news that our team has won the match is true. 注意:有时这种同位语不紧跟在它说明的名 词后面。 The order soon came that all the soldiers should go to the front. [区别]同位语从句和定语从句 从意义上讲,前者对名词加以补充说明,而 后者对名词进行修饰和限定。 从结构上讲,前者由连接词引导,后者由关 系代词引导。 从内涵上讲,前者所说明的名词与从句没有 逻辑关系,后者所限定的名词是从句逻辑上 的主语、宾语、表语等。 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略,而引导定 语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词,而 定语从句所修饰、限定的名词则没有限制。 试比较                                                                        : "#$ # # # # - . / 0 # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The news that he was married is not true.(同 位语从句;that在从句中不作任何成分,和 从句没有逻辑关系) The news that you told me yesterday is true. (定语从句;that在句中作宾语,可以省略) 【针对练习】 单项选择 (1)Some researchers believe that there is no doubt         a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which        B. that C. what D. whether (2)A warm thought suddenly came to me         I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which (3)Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class         he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B. that C. where D. because 完成句子 (4)Yesterday I talked to                           ,Mr. James. 昨天我与英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。 (5)Yesterday I met Tom,   . 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。 (6)We Chinese         are brave and hardworking. 我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 2. (P53)Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”,with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests. 【翻译】人类在这个星球上的生活已经被转 变成了“地球村”,所有不同的国家都因共同 利益而紧紧联系在一起。 【句式剖析】 过去分词短语“linked in the chain of common interests”在句子中作定语,修饰前面的名词 短语“different countries”。 【句式提升】 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,兼有动 词、副词和形容词的特征,可以在句中作定 语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。 (1)过去分词短语,作定语修饰名词时,一般 放在名词后面,作后置定语。与前面的名词 之间,构成被动关系,或表示完成。 The piano used at the concert is made in France. 在音乐会上用的这架钢琴是在法国制造的。 (2)单个过去分词作定语:可放在名词前面, 有时候也可以放后面。 an honoured guest一位受尊敬的客人 All the broken windows have been repaired. 所有坏了的窗户都已经修好了。 (3)过去分词作定语与所修饰词之间存在两 种意义关系:一是及物动词表示被动意义 (或已完成的被动动作);二是不及物动词表 示完成意义。 ①表示被动和完成 the broken glass打碎了的杯子 ②只表示完成不表示被动 fallen leaves落叶 【针对练习】 完成句子 (1)Last Monday our class went on                                 to a forest to study the wildlife. 上星期一,我们班进行了一次有组织的 旅行,到森林里去研究野生动植物。 (2)                                are now being taken good care of in the hospital.                                                                        受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的 " % ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , # # 照料。 (3)They are cleaning                                 in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。 (4)                                at yesterdays meeting is very important. 昨天会上讨论的问题很重要。 (5)There has been                             since I left Harbin two years ago. 自从我两年前离开后,哈尔滨一直没有 什么变化           。 !D E @ F 对应学生用书学案P □观察领悟 【例句观察】 1. The meal is very delicious. 这顿饭很可口。 2. She is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。 3. This can make life difficult. 这让生活很困难。 【我的领悟】 在以上每个句子中都含有形容词,且在句 子中担任一定的句子成分。在句1中,delicious 作          ;在句2中,beautiful作          ;在句3中,difficult作        。 Keys:表语;定语;宾语补足语 □形容词 一、定义 形容词是说明人或事物的属性、状态或特 征的词,在句子中主要作名词的装饰语。形容 词通常置于其修饰的名词之前,并且多数形容 词具有比较等级。 二、分类 1.描述形容词 表示名词的性质、颜色、大小和状态等的形 容词。 He bought some new books. 他买了一些新书。 These books are new. 这些书是新的。 She wrote the letter with blue ink. 她用蓝墨水写了那封信。 The ink is blue. 这些墨水是蓝色的。 2.物质形容词 由物质名词充当或物质名词转换而成的形 容词。 This glass dish looks very fragile. 这个玻璃盘子看起来很容易碎。 3.数量形容词 (1)不定数量形容词:不定代词之后接名词 时即成为不定数量形容词。 We got there without any trouble. 我们顺利到达那里。 Well see some friends tomorrow. 我们明天将去看一些朋友。 (2)数词 A square has four corners. 正方形有4个角。 Please accent the first syllable. 请重读第一个音节。 (3)倍数词 The river is half a mile across. 江面宽半英里。 They bought a double bed. 他们买了一张双人床。 4.专有形容词 由专有名词转换而成的形容词,如地名、                                                        国 "#& # # # # - . / 0 # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 名等。 He is a Chinese ambassador. 他是中国的大使。 5.物主形容词 包括人称代词的所有格(形容词性物主代 词)和名词的所有格。 My room is just above. 我的房间就在楼上。 Acquaint him with your plans. 把你的计划告诉他。 6.指示形容词 指示代词this,that,these,those之后接名词或 one / ones,成为指示形容词。 This book of Joe is very amusing. 乔的这本书非常有趣。 I dislike man of that type. 我不喜欢那一类型的人。 7.疑问形容词 疑问代词which,whose,what之后接名词或代 词,成为疑问形容词。 Whose bike is it? 这是谁的自行车? What books have you read on this subject? 你读过哪些关于这方面的书? 8.关系形容词 关系代词which,whose,what之后接名词,成 为关系形容词。 The men whose names were called left the room. 那些被叫到名字的人离开了房间。 Did you give her what money you had? 你把你所有的钱都给了她吗? 三、作用 形容词在句中可作定语、表语、状语、主语 补足语和宾语补足语等。 1.作定语 形容词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词前 面,称为前置定语,被修饰的名词可称为主 体词。 The company is in a difficult situation. 这家公司正处于困难的境地。 She is a good student,and she works hard. 她是一个好学生,她努力学习。 2.作表语 同名词一样,形容词也可以用在系动词后面 作表语,修饰主语或说明主语的情况。 This bike is expensive. 这辆自行车很贵。 I am sorry. Im busy now. 对不起,我现在忙。 3.作主语补足语 说明主语所处的状态或其原因。 He spent seven days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry. 他又冷又饿,在风雪中过了7天。 4.作宾语补足语 We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室整洁。 We found the film quite instructive. 我们发现那部电影很有教育意义。 5.与定冠词the连用作主语或宾语 这有一定的限制,主要是指“定冠词+某些形 容词”,表示一类人或事物,这种形容词已名 词化。 (1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类 人,与谓语动词的复数形式连用。如the poor,the dead,the living,the rich,the blind, the hungry等。 The poor are losing hope. 穷人们正在丧失希望。 (2)某些形容词加上定冠词(the true,the false,the beautiful等)可以表示抽象事物,                                                                        与 " ' ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , # # 谓语动词的单数形式连用。 The good is what people like. 人们总是喜欢美好的东西。 (3)有关国家和民族的形容词前面加上定冠 词(the British,the English,the Chinese等)指 这个民族的整体,与谓语动词的复数形式 连用。 The English have a wonderful sense of humour. 英国人很有幽默感。 四、在句中的位置 1.形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。 如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名 词时,则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切 程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如 果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少 的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在 后面。 2.形容词在名词后面的几种情形: (1)修饰不定代词something,anything, everything,nothing等; (2)后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容 词必须置于名词之后; (3)少数形容词,如enough和possible,既可 置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰 的名词之后; (4)有些形容词,置于名词之前与之后,含义 不尽相同。 the writer present出席的作者 the present writer现在的作者 3.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修 饰名词时须放在名词之后。 This is a book easy to read. 这是一本容易读的书。 4.用and或or连接起来的两个形容词作定语 时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面,起进 一步解释的作用。 Everybody,man and woman,the old and the young,should attend the meeting. 每一个人,男女老少,都应该参加会议。 You can take any box away,big or small. 这些箱子,不管大小,你都可以拿走。 五、排序 在英语学习中,好多时候是多个形容词修 饰一个名词,这些形容词之间的先后顺序如何 记忆有如下方法:OPSHACOM: 1. OP—opinion 评述性词。如beautiful, wonderful,expensive,terrible,horrible,lovely, silly,ugly等。 2. SH—size &shape表示大小、形状的词。如 long,short,round,square等。 3. A—age表示新旧的词。如new,old等。 4. C—colour 表示颜色的词。如red,black, purple,brown,yellow等。 5. O—origin表示产地的词。如Italian,Spanish, Canadian,Australian,Japanese等。 6. M—material表示材料的词。如leather,glass, rubber,metal,silk,plastic等。 按此顺序,“一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮 夹克”的英语表示为:a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket。 口诀法:“美小圆旧黄,法国木书房”。 注:“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词; “小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类”形容词; “圆”代表“形状类”形容词;“旧”代表“新旧、 年龄类”形容词;“黄”代表“颜色类”形容词; “法国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类”形容 词;“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类”形容词; “书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类”形容词; “房”代表“中心名词”。 再看下面几个例子                                                                        : "#( # # # # - . / 0 # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 two beautiful new green silk evening dress 两件又新又漂亮的绿色丝绸女士晚礼服 that hungry,tired,sleepy little match girl 那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩 an old large brick dining hall 一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅 口诀法:“限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新 老;颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。” 其中,“限定词”包括:冠词、物主代词、指 示代词或数词,它位于各类形容词前。它本身 分为三位,即:前、中、后。前位限定词有all, half,both,分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指 示代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序 数词,但序数词位于基数词前。如:both my hands,all half his income等。“描绘性”形容词 如:beautiful,bad,cold,great等。“大长高”表示 大小、长短、高低等一些词。表示“形状”的形 容词如:round,square等。“国籍”指一个国家 或地区的词。表示“材料”的形容词如:wooden, woolen,stone,silk等。表示“作用类别”的形容 词如:medical,college,writing,police等。 熟记规则:大小形状和新老,颜色国籍出 (处)材料。多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺 序是固定的,其顺序为:①冠词、指示代词、不 定代词、物主代词+②序数词+基数词+③一 般性描绘形容词+④大小、长短、形状+年龄、 新旧+⑥颜色+⑦国籍、出处+⑧材料+⑨用 途、类别+⑩最终修饰的名词或动名词。如: a beautiful little red flower 一朵美丽的小花 those four oldlooking grey wooden houses 那四栋很旧的灰色木屋 a big round red wooden Chinese table 一张中式木制红色的大圆桌 六、其他 1.以ly结尾的形容词  大部分形容词加ly可 构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely, likely,lively,ugly,brotherly仍为形容词。 Her singing was lovely. He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2.有些以ly结尾的词如daily,weekly,monthly, yearly,early既为形容词,也为副词。 The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 3.以a开头的形容词只能作表语或补足语,不 能作定语。这类形容词有alike, alive, alone,afraid,ashamed,able,awake等。 The twins are very much alike. 这对双胞胎非常像。 The little boy was left alone. 这小男孩被独自留下了。 The little girl has fallen asleep. 这小女孩已经睡着了。 □追踪练习 一、单项选择 1. Tony is going camping with         boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 2. One day they crossed the         bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old 3.—How was your recent visit to Qingdao? —It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the         days at the seaside.                                                                        A. few last sunny " ) ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , # # B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 二、完成句子 4. I have                 to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。 5. Is there                 in the film? 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗? 6. There is                 here. 这儿一点都不危险          。 = 8 : > ? < 对应学生用书学案P 一、单词拼写 1. Some         (科学)discoveries have been used to create weapons of destruction. 2. This has led companies and individuals to         (捐赠)money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. 3. I demand an             (立刻的) explanation. 4. The play was         (随后)made into the 1983 film “Bullshot”. 5. His         (持续不断的)criticism ate away at(侵蚀;消耗)her selfconfidence. 6. Most blind people,even if they dont have any sight,are still able to         (察觉)light. 7. Every bank pays close attention to the speed and         (准确性)of its tellers. 二、单句语法填空 1. I admired him as a true           (scientific)and hard worker. 2. The amount of the           (donate)took us completely by surprise. 3. By means of modern technology we are able to communicate with each other         (instant). 4. The direction of the wind is           (constant)changing. 5. Werequire grammar and spelling to be           (accuracy). 三、完成句子 1. No matter what you do or where you live,the quality of your attitude determines the quality of your relationships—                            just about everything else in your life. 不论你的职业是什么,也不论你居住在哪,你 的主观态度决定了你的人际关系的好坏—— 更不用提你生命中的其他的事了。 2. Theyre trying to                 the politics of this whole situation. 他们正试图弄明白整个形势的利害关系。 3. Three hundred million dollars will                         enough. 3亿美元根本不够。 4.                         people spoke in support of the proposal. 只有几个人表示支持这一提议。 5. You would take things as they came. All you had to do was think a little harder and                     a new solution. 既来之,则安之。你必须多动脑子,想出个 新的解决方法来。 6. It is hard to                 one piece of the whole as being “hardest”. 很难将整体中的一部分挑出来作为“最困难 的”。 请同学们认真完成练案[14                                                         ] "#*

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Unit 12 Period Two Lesson 1(学案)-【成才之路】2024-2025学年高中新课程英语选择性必修第四册同步学习指导(北师大版2019)
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Unit 12 Period Two Lesson 1(学案)-【成才之路】2024-2025学年高中新课程英语选择性必修第四册同步学习指导(北师大版2019)
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Unit 12 Period Two Lesson 1(学案)-【成才之路】2024-2025学年高中新课程英语选择性必修第四册同步学习指导(北师大版2019)
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Unit 12 Period Two Lesson 1(学案)-【成才之路】2024-2025学年高中新课程英语选择性必修第四册同步学习指导(北师大版2019)
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