UNIT 12 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 12　INNOVATION Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 内容索引 语篇研读　细梳理 1 语篇助解　释疑难 2 课时测评 5 语基自查　固根基 3 语基讲练　提能力 4 语篇研读　细梳理 返回 Step One：Pre-reading Look at the pictures and answer the following questions. What do you think are the most important inventions or discoveries of the 20th century? Why? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (The answers may vary. ) Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ．Read for the main idea What’s the main idea of the text? A．The development in exploring the space. B．The medical discoveries of the 20th century. C．The most famous pioneers of the 20th century. D．The most important discoveries of the 20th century. √ Ⅱ．Match the main idea with each part Part 1(Para. 1) 　　　 A．Significance of thesebreakthroughs. Part 2(Paras. 2～6) B．The introduction to amazing discoveries. Part 3(Para. 7) C．Examples of a few pioneers. Ⅲ．Read for the structure energy　 Theory　 Alexander　 save　 accuracy　 communicate　 Ⅳ. Read for details 1．What’s the main idea of the first paragraph? A．People have made amazing discoveries in medicine，communications and transport. B．It is hard to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century. C．Scientists have found how to split the atom. D．It is possible to choose a few pioneers of the 20th century. √ 2．How did Einstein think of the equation “E＝mc2”？ A．When he was working. B．His assistant helped him. C．His dream inspired him. D．When he was rocking his one year old baby，he was inspired. 3．After Alexander Fleming double-checked，he realised that _______. A．penicillin was in fact the natural form of the blue mould B．penicillin was useless to help to save the lives of people C．he made the greatest breakthrough of the century D．penicillin could be used to kill bacteria √ √ 4．What’s the original purpose of designing the first computer? A．To do some difficult experiments. B．To improve the accuracy of the missiles. C．To help people make mathematics calculations. D．To replace the missiles becoming a new weapon. 5．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Education. B．History. C．Science. D．Entertainment. √ √ Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ．难句解构 1． 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。　 2．       尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ _________________________ 经过反复检查，他发现器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。　 Ⅱ．佳句仿写 1．教材佳句　Fleming remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery. “Nature made penicillin，” he said, “I just found it. ” (语言描写) 学后仿写　看到我困惑的表情，他解释说，“我要提醒我要小心。” On seeing my confused look, he explained，“________________________ _________” I will remind me to be cautious.　 2．教材佳句　Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place. (虚拟语气) 学后仿写　没有较强的团队精神，我们就不会高效地完成我们的任务。 Without a strong teamwork spirit，we ____________________________ very efficiently. wouldn’t complete our tasks　 Ⅲ．品质升华 1．What do you think of the innovation？Do you think the innovation is very important？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Innovation is the soul of a nation’s progress and the inexhaustible driving force for a country’s prosperity. The rich achievements of human civilization in modern times are mainly attributable to scientific discoveries，technological innovation and continuous progress in engineering technology，as well as to the advanced productive forces formed through the application of science and technology in production practice. It benefits from the great liberation of people’s ideas.　 2．Which discovery or invention mentioned in the passage has been the most important so far？Why？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 返回 The World Wide Web. Because it enables computers all over the world to communicate with each other. Nowadays，life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable.　 语篇助解　释疑难 返回 ①scientific/ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学(上) 的 ②not to mention更不必说；且不说 ③range from… to… 在……范围内变化 ④microscope /ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp/n. 显微镜 ⑤donate/dəʊˈneɪt/vi. & vt. 捐献(器官)，献(血) ；捐赠，捐献 donation/dəʊˈneɪʃ(ə) n/n. 捐赠物，捐赠 原文呈现 名师圈点 SCIENTIFIC① BREAKTHROUGHS If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century，you would have a real problem on your hands. [1] In just 100 years，the world has changed completely. Amazing discoveries were made in medicine，communications and transport，not to mention② our knowledge of the world and space. Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes④ to③ staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated⑤ ones. [1]此处If引导虚拟条件状语从句，意为“如果”。 ⑥with the introduction of… 随着……的引入 ⑦correspond/ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd/vi. 通信 correspondence/kɒrəˈspɒndəns/n. 信件，信函；通信 ⑧instant/ˈɪnstənt/adj. 立刻的，马上的 ⑨launch/lɔːntʃ/vt. 发射；发动，发起，开始从事 ⑩satellite/ˈsætəlaɪt/n. 人造卫星；卫星 ⑪orbit/ˈɔːbɪt/n. 轨道 vi. & vt. 沿轨道运行 ⑫split/splɪt/vi. & vt. 分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分) ⑬particle/ˈpɑːtɪkəl/n. 粒子，质点 原文呈现 名师圈点 Communications changed with the introduction of⑥ mobile phones，and the way we correspond⑦ went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant⑧ messages. We started flying around the world，launching⑨ satellites⑩ into orbit⑪ and，at the same time，scientists figured out how to split⑫ the atom，previously thought to be the smallest particle⑬ of matter in the universe[2]. [2]此处含有“疑问词＋to do sth”的结构，在句中作宾语；动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰the atom。 ⑭single out挑出；挑选 原文呈现 名师圈点 Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery，it is possible to single out⑭ a few pioneers of the 20th century. Here are some of them. ⑮premier /ˈpremiə/adj. 最好的；最重要的 ⑯outspoken /aʊtˈspəʊkən/adj. 坦率的，直言不讳的 ⑰subsequently /ˈsʌbsəkwəntli/adv. 后来，随后 ⑱relativity /ˌreləˈtɪvəti/n. 相对性 ⑲constant /ˈkɒnstənt/adj. 恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的n. 常量，恒量 原文呈现 名师圈点 One of the 20th century’s premier⑮ scientists was Albert Einstein. In the summer of 1905，this outspoken⑯ young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when[3] he was suddenly inspired. Subsequently⑰，“E＝mc2” was born. It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy[4]. Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity⑱” that not even time，mass or length are constant⑲—they change according to our experience of them. [3]此处be doing sth when… 是固定句式，意为“正在做某事，这时(突然) ……”。 [4]此处how引导宾语从句，作showed的宾语。 ⑳finding/ˈfaɪndɪŋ/n. 研究的结果；发现 ㉑biologist/baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/n. 生物学家 ㉒double-checked vt. 将……仔细检查，复核 ㉓mould/məʊld/n. 霉，霉菌 ㉔penicillin/ˌpenɪˈsɪlɪn/n. 青霉素，盘尼西林 ㉕perceive/pəˈsiːv/vt. 察觉，注意到，发觉 ㉖mass-produced adj. 大量生产的，大批生产的 ㉗million/ˈmɪljən/num. 百万 ㉘humble/ˈhʌmbəl/adj. 谦虚的，谦卑的 ㉙outcome/ˈaʊtkʌm/n. 结果，后果 原文呈现 名师圈点 In 1928，another important finding⑳ was made by biologist㉑ Alexander Fleming. Before he went on holiday，Fleming left a dish of bacteria in his laboratory. When he came back，he noticed something strange. He double-checked㉒ and saw a blue mould㉓ in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed[5]. This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin㉔，which Fleming perceived㉕ could be used to kill bacteria[6]. A few years later，penicillin was being mass-produced㉖ and helping to save the lives of millions㉗. Fleming remained humble㉘ about the amazing outcome㉙ of his discovery. “Nature made penicillin，”he said，“I just found it. ” [5]around which引导定语从句，修饰先行词 dish。 [6]which引导非限制性定语从句。which指代penicillin，作从句的主语。 ㉚navy/ˈneɪvi/n. 海军 ㉛accuracy/ˈækjərəsi/n. 准确性；精准度；正确，准确 ㉜missile/ˈmɪsaɪl/n. 导弹，飞弹 ㉝turn to求助于 ㉞physicist/fɪzɪsɪst/n. 物理学家 ㉟deal with处理；涉及；做生意 ㊱joint/dʒɔɪnt/adj. 联合的，共同的，共有的 ㊲nothing like一点儿也不像 ㊳tube/tjuːb/n. 圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管 ㊴circuit/ˈsɜːkɪt/n. 电路，线路；环形道路 ㊵go out送出；熄灭；过时 原文呈现 名师圈点 During World War Ⅱ，when Fleming’s discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navy㉚ was looking for ways of improving the accuracy㉛ of their missiles㉜. The navy turned to㉝ Eckert，an engineer，and Mauchly，a physicist㉞，to deal with㉟ the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint㊱ effort. Although they only finished after the war in 1946，it did not matter. This huge machine was the world’s first computer，but it was nothing like㊲ our computers today. It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30,000 kilograms. With 18,000 tubes㊳，thousands of circuits㊴ and 6,000 switches，it used so much energy that when it was turned on，the lights in the local town went out㊵！[7] [7]so… that… “如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。该结果状语从句中又包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句。 ㊶efficiently /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/adv. 有效率地，高效能地 ㊷propose /prəˈpəʊz/vt. 提出(某观点、方法等) ㊸unimaginable /ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnəbl/adj. 不可思议的；难以想象的 原文呈现 名师圈点 With the development of computers，people expected to get more things done[8]efficiently㊶. During the Cold War，a “huge network” of computers was proposed㊷ by two American scientists. With computers talking to one another[9]，it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other. By the end of the 1960s，some mini-networks were established，but only a few computers could connect to them. In 1990，Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web，which enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other. Nowadays，life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable㊸. [8]get more things done为“get sth done”结构，意为“使某事被做”。 [9]此处为with复合结构，其中动词-ing形式短语作补语，补充说明computers的内容。 ㊹be dedicated to doing致力于做 ㊺quality /ˈkwɒləti/n. 质量；品质，特质 quantity/ˈkwɒntəti/n. 数量 ㊻in the chain of在……链中 原文呈现 名师圈点 These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to㊹ improving the quality㊺ of human life on Earth. Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”，with all the different countries linked in the chain of㊻ common interests. There is no doubt about[10] it. Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned[11]，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place. [10]There is no doubt about/that… “毫无疑问……” [11]“whether lucky or planned”是一个省略句，补全为whether it was lucky or it was planned。 译文参考 科学突破 如果必须在20世纪重大发现中选出最重要的一项，这可不是件容易的事。在仅仅100年中，世界就完全变样了。医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，到施行手术，用捐赠的器官做器官移植。移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。 尽管不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的，但是挑选出20世纪的几位先驱还是可能的。例如以下几位： 20世纪最杰出的科学家，爱因斯坦是其中之一。1905年夏天，这个坦率的年轻人给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时，这时他突然受到启发。于是，“E＝mc2”诞生了。它证明了一小块物质可以产生巨大的能量。爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的，它们根据我们对它们的感知而变化。 1928年，另一项重要的发现由生物学家亚历山大·弗莱明发现的。在去度假之前，弗莱明在实验室里放了一个培养细菌的器皿。回来时，他注意到器皿里有点儿奇怪。经过反复检查，他发现器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。数年后，青霉素开始大量生产，帮助挽救了数百万人的生命。弗莱明对他这一惊人的发现态度谦虚，他说：“是大自然制造了青霉素，我只是发现了它。” 第二次世界大战期间，正当弗莱明的发现首次用来帮助治愈人们时，美国海军正在寻找提高导弹精度的方法。海军求助于工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利来处理这个问题，两人共同努力制造一台机器来完成这项工作。尽管他们直到1946年战争结束后才完成，但这并不重要。这台巨大的机器是世界上第一台计算机，但是与今天的计算机完全不同。它长100英尺，高10英尺，重30 000多公斤。它有18 000个显像管，数千条电路和6 000个开关，耗电量异常巨大，以致于当它启动的时候，当地所有的灯都熄灭了！ 随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。计算机能互换信息，可使政府领导人相互沟通。到20世纪60年代末，一些小型网络已经被建立起来了，但只有少数计算机可以接入。1990年，蒂姆·博纳·李发明了万维网，使世界各地的计算机能够相互通信。如今，对大多数人来说，没有互联网的生活是难以想象的。 这些20世纪的先驱都致力于改善地球上人类的生活质量。不同国家在共同利益链中相互联系，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。毫无疑问，如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。 返回 语基自查　固根基 返回 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．an outspoken leader 一个_____________领导 2．perceive a change in his behaviour _________他举止有些改变 3．a joint account _______账户 4．a nuclear physicist 核___________ 5．the main findings 主要___________ 6．an evolutionary biologist 一位进化___________ 　　直言不讳的　 注意到　 联合　 　物理学家　 　　研究结果　 　　　　生物学家　 ◎核心单词——练通 1．_________ an attack 发起攻击 2．________ neatly into two groups 恰巧分成两类 3．remain _________ 保持谦虚 4．the final __________ 最终结果 launch　 split　 humble　 outcome　 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．___________ adj. 科学(上)的 →science n．科学；学科；理科 →scientist n．科学家 2．_________ vi. & vt. 捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献 →donation n．赠送，捐赠物；捐赠 →donor n．捐赠者；捐赠机构；献血者 3．____________ vi. 通信 →correspondence n．通信；信件；相关 scientific　 donate　 correspond　 4．_________ adj. 立刻的，马上的 →instantly adv. 立即地；马上地；即刻地 conj. 一……就…… 5．______________ adv. 后来，随后 →subsequent adj. 随后的 6．___________ n．相对性 →relate vt. 叙述；使有联系 →relative adj. 相对的；有关系的；相关联的 n．亲戚；同类事物 →relation n．关系；联系；交往；亲属 →relationship n．关系 instant　 subsequently　 relativity　 7．_________ adj. 恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的 n．常量，恒量 →constantly adv. 不断地；时常地 8．__________ n．准确性；精准度；正确，准确 →accurate adj. 精确的 →accurately adv. 精确地，准确地 9．___________ adv. 有效率地，高效能地 →efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的 →efficiency n．效率；效能；功效 10．_________ vt. 提出(某观点、方法等) →proposal n．提议，建议；求婚 constant　 accuracy　 efficiently　 propose　 规律方法 1．规律：动词去e后＋al变成名词 propose vt. 提出(某观点、方法等) ＋al→proposal n．提议，建议；求婚 例如：arrival n．到达；抵达 revival n．复兴，再生 survival n．生存，幸存approval n．批准；同意，赞成 2．规律：形容词去te后＋cy变成名词 accurate adj. 准确的，正确的＋cy→accuracy n．准确性；精准度；正确，准确 例如：delicacy n．娇嫩，脆弱 privacy n．隐私 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．挑出；挑选　　 ____________ 2．随着……的引进 ________________________ 3．处理；涉及；做生意 __________ 4．打开；依靠；以……为主题 _________ 5．奉献；从事于；献身于 _______________ single out　 with the introduction of…　 deal with　 turn on　 be dedicated to　 第二组　英译汉 6．figure out _______________ 7．not to mention ___________________ 8．range from… to… ___________________ 9．turn to _______________________________________ 10．nothing like _______________________________ 算出；弄明白　 更不用说，且不说　 在……范围内变化　 转向；变成； 求助于；致力于；开始行动　 没有什么能比得上；一点也不像　 ◎典型句式——默背 1．句型公式　be doing… when… 正在做……，这时(突然) …… 教材原句　In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man ___________ ________________________(正在摇着他一岁大的孩子，这时) he was suddenly inspired. 2．句型公式　“介词＋which”引导的定语从句 教材原句　He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish _________ _________________________________(霉菌周围的细菌已经被消灭了). was rocking his one-year-old baby when　 around which the bacteria had been destroyed　 3．句型公式　含蓄条件句 教材原句　_____________________________________________________ ___________(如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破)，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place. Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology　 返回 语基讲练　提能力 返回 1　donate vi. & vt. 捐献(器官)，献(血) ；捐赠，捐献 (教材原句) Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones. 医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，到施行手术，用捐赠的器官做器官移植。 (1) donate sth to sb 向某人捐献某物 (2) donation n． 捐赠；捐赠物；赠送 give/make a donation to… 向……捐赠 (3) donor n． 捐赠者；捐赠机构；献血者 (4) donated adj. 捐赠的 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 单句语法填空/应用文写作之活动介绍 ①The ________ refused to tell his name after ___________ a large sum of money. (donate) ②We can make a donation _____ the foundation and help the children in remote villages out of trouble. ③为了帮助学生更好地学习中文，我们学校决定向你们的中文课捐赠一些书。 To assist the students in learning Chinese better，our school has decided to ___________________________________. donor　 donating　 to　 donate some books to your Chinese class　 2　correspond vi. 通信 (教材原句) Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones，and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. 移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。 (1) correspond with sb　　 和某人通信 correspond to/with sth 与某物相一致 (2) correspondence n． 相似；信件；通信联系 in correspondence with 与……一致；与……有通信联系 单句语法填空/应用文写作之建议信 ①What she just said isn’t in _______________(correspond) with the views of the majority. ②When corresponding _______ your foreign friends, you should give them your detailed address. ③其次，你必须言行一致，那么，你会发现和你的同学交朋友很容易。 Furthermore，what you say must __________________________ and then you can find it easy to make friends with your classmates. correspondence　 with　 correspond with what you do　 3　instant adj. 立刻的，马上的 (教材原句) Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones，and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. 移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。 (1) in an instant　 立即，瞬间 the instant 一……就……，用作连词相当于immediately， directly，the minute，the moment，as soon as (2) instantly adv. 立即地 conj. 一……就…… 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The beauty of this camera is that the photo is ready __________(instant). ②_____ an instant，he took off his coat and jumped into the water. ③他一进房间，我就知道他没有成功，因为他双手掩面，摇了摇头。 →____________________________，I knew that he had not been successful, because he buried his face into his hands and shook his head. (instant) →I knew that he had not been successful ___________________________，because he buried his face into his hands and shook his head. (instantly) instantly　 In　 The instant he entered the room　 instantly he entered the room　 4　propose vt. 提出(某观点、方法等) (教材原句) During the Cold War，a “huge network” of computers was proposed by two American scientists. 冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。 (1) propose doing/to do sth 建议做某事 propose that sb (should) do sth 建议/提议某人做某事 It is proposed that… 有人建议/提议…… (2) proposal n． 提议，建议 make a proposal 提出建议 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①We would be grateful if you could give approval to our ___________ (propose). ②His proposal that the system ___________________(change) was rejected，because it was unreasonable. ③我们建议跳出固有的思维模式来解决这一严峻的问题。 →___________________________________ by thinking outside the box. (propose doing) →____________________________________________ to solve the harsh problem. (propose that) proposal　 (should) be changed　 We propose solving the harsh problem　 We propose that we (should) think outside the box　 Ⅱ. 典型句式讲透 句型公式：含蓄虚拟条件句 (教材原句) Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place. 如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。 (1) 本句为without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句。 (2) 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中没有条件句，其内容暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫作含蓄条件句。常见的介词短语有without… “没有……”；but for… “要不是……”；常用连词有or/otherwise“否则/要不然”等。 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①Without my English teacher’s encouragement and assistance, I ___________ ______(give) up studying English. ②They set off for the destination too late; otherwise they wouldn’t _________ _______(stick) in the storm. ③But for the timely help of the PLA man that day, you ___________________ _______________(kill) in the car crash. ④如果没有你的帮助，我不能解决这个问题。 I ______________________________ without your help. 返回 would have given　 have been stuck　 would/could/might have been killed　 couldn’t have solved the problem　 课时测评 返回 维度一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当的形式(每小题1分，共10分) 1．If you look at the paper under a _____________(显微镜) you will see the fibers. 2．He’s a ___________(生物学家) who did not work on the project but knows about such devices. 3．Students must __________(注意到) for themselves the relationship between success and effort. 4．To increase levels of community service, some schools have ___________ (发起) compulsory volunteer programs. 语境基础练 microscope　 biologist　 perceive　 launched　 5．They travel at speeds up to 17,500 mph, fast enough for a relatively small piece of orbital debris to damage a __________(卫星) or a spacecraft. 6．China has launched three astronauts into ________(轨道) to begin occupation of the country’s new space station. 7．The __________(研究的结果) suggests important differences in how native and non-native plants respond to climate change. 8．Asking for help is about tapping valuable resources to get the best ________ (结果) the most quickly with the fewest resources expended. 9．They hoped with their j______ efforts they could create a more friendly and harmonious neighbourhood. 10．Each year, more than two m_______ people visit the memorial in memory of those victims and pray for world peace. satellite　 orbit　 finding　 outcome　 oint　 illion　 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共7分) 1．We need to be more __________(science) about this problem. 2．If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to turn _____ me for help. 3．Services could be operated more _________(efficient) and economically. 4．_____________(subsequent), new guidelines were issued to all employees. 5．Einstein’s theory of ____________(relative) won him universal esteem. 6．Every bank pays close attention to the speed and ___________(accurate) of its staff. 7．Some participants were required to spend the money on themselves, while others were required to give to make a __________(donate) to charity. scientific　 to　 efficiently　 Subsequently　 relativity　 accuracy　 donation　 维度三　完成句子/同义句转换(每小题4分，共12分) 1．它涵盖了从学习日常汉语到中国传统文化的各种活动。(range from… to… ) It covers a variety of activities，which _______________________________ ________________________. 2．如果没有你的帮助，我就不会赢得英语演讲比赛。(含蓄虚拟条件句) _________________，I would not have won the English Speech Contest. 3．I hope I never live to see the day when computers finally replace teachers. →I hope I never live to see the day ________________________________ ________. (“介词＋which”引导定语从句) range from learning daily Chinese to traditional Chinese culture　 Without your help　 on which computers finally replace teachers　 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century，you would have a real problem on your hands. It is possible 1．_____ _______(single) out a few pioneers of the 20th century. One of the 20th century’s premier scientists 2．______(be) Albert Einstein. In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man was rocking 3．______(he) one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired. “E＝mc2” was born. Alexander Fleming saw a blue mould in the dish around 4．________ the bacteria had been destroyed. This to 　 was　 his　 which　 single　 blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin. During the Second World War，the US Navy was looking for ways of 5．____________(improve) the accuracy of their missiles. The navy turned to Eckert，an 6．___________ (engine)，and Mauchly，a physicist，to deal with the problem and produce 7．_____ machine which was the world’s first computer to do the job. In 1990，Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web，which enabled 8．___________(computer) all over the world to communicate with each other. Nowadays，life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable. 9．__________ the breakthroughs of these pioneers，the world as we know it today would have been a 10．____________(complete) different place. improving　 engineer　 a　 computers　 Without　 completely　 素能提升练 Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A Museum VR Creates New Ways for Visitors to Explore The National Museum of Natural History，Paris Since 2018，visitors to the National Museum of Natural History have been able to enjoy a fascinating VR experience. De Realite Virtuelle was the first permanent museum room in the country dedicated to VR technology. Once they enter the room，guests enjoy a specially designed programme：Journey into the Heart of Evolution. Here they will discover the links between species and can zoom in on different creatures to learn more. The Renwick Gallery，Washington，DC Using a free app，visitors to this museum can use their own device to view the whole views of the gallery，alongside video interviews with the curator (馆长) and some of the artists. Thanks to VR technology，the works by nine leading artists are available to experience in a new way even though the physical exhibition at the museum has ended. Peterson Automotive Museum，Los Angeles Peterson Automotive Museum worked with Microsoft HoloLens to create a new VR exhibition. Visitors were able to interact with a classic American sports car，the Ford GT40．The HoloLens allows visitors to see the car up close. Visitors were further drawn into the experience by the addition of surround sound. While learning about the history of the cars，they could also hear the roar of the engines. The Victoria and Albert Museum，London Fans of the Lewis Carroll classic will be able to “travel down the rabbit hole” into a virtual space. People can join a “trip” into Wonderland without having to leave the sofa. The opening of the Alice exhibition has been postponed until March. But the museum said an at-home，virtual reality event，ahead of the opening，will transport “visitors into the world of Wonderland”． 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个使用VR技术的博物馆。 1．For visitors who are interested in biology，which museum can they choose? A．The Renwick Gallery. B．The National Museum of Natural History. C．Peterson Automotive Museum. D．The Victoria and Albert Museum. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Once they enter the room，guests enjoy a specially designed programme：Journey into the Heart of Evolution. Here they will discover the links between species and can zoom in on different creatures to learn more. ”可知，在The National Museum of Natural History可以了解物种之间的关系，由此可知，喜欢生物的游客可以前往这个博物馆。故选B项。 √ 2．What can we know from the passage? A．Visitors to the Renwick Gallery can have face-to-face interviews with the artists. B．Fans of the Lewis Carroll classic can travel down the rabbit hole into a real space. C．Both the Renwick Gallery and Peterson Automotive Museum are in America. D．Peterson Automotive Museum enables visitors to drive the car for themselves. √ 细节理解题。根据The Renwick Gallery，Washington，DC和Peterson Automotive Museum，Los Angeles可知，这两个博物馆分别在华盛顿特区和洛杉矶，二者都在美国。故选C项。 3．Where is this text most probably taken from? A．A lecture. B．A news report. C．A film review. D．A science magazine. 文章出处题。根据文章大标题Museum VR Creates New Ways for Visitors to Explore可知，本文介绍的是新科技VR的运用，这跟科学相关，因此本文可能出自一本科学杂志。故选D项。 √ B (2024·浙江阶段练习) New York University (NYU) surgeons have performed the world’s first transplant of an entire human eye, an extraordinary addition to a face transplant, although it’s far too soon to know if the man will ever see through his new left eye. An accident had destroyed most of Aaron James’ face and one eye. His right eye still works. But the surgeons hoped replacing the missing one would produce better cosmetic (整容的) results for his new face. The NYU team is doing just that. James is recovering well from the dual (双重的) transplant last May and the donated eye looks remarkably healthy. Today, transplants of the cornea (眼角膜) are common to treat certain types of vision loss. But transplanting the whole eye—the eyeball, its blood supply, and the critical optic nerve (视神经) that must connect it to the brain—is considered a moonshot in the search to cure blindness. Whatever will happen next, James’ surgery offers scientists a window into how the human eye tries to heal. “We’re not claiming that we are going to restore sight，” said Dr. Eduardo Rodriguez, who led the transplant. “But there’s no doubt that we are one step closer. ” Some specialists had feared the eye would quickly become dry and wrinkled. However, when Rodriguez opened James’ left eyelid, the donated eye was fat and full of liquid. Doctors see good blood flow and no sign of rejection. Now researchers have begun analyzing scans of James’ brain that detected some puzzling signals from that all-important but injured optic nerve. Dr. Jeffrey Goldberg, who has long studied how to make eye transplants a reality, called the surgery exciting. “It’s an amazing confirmation of animal experiments that have kept transplanted eyes alive，” he said. “The difficulty now is how to regrow the optic nerve, although animal studies are making progress. ” He praised the NYU team’s “boldness” in even aiming for optic nerve repair and hopes the transplant will promote more research. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约大学的医生完成世界首例眼部移植手术的科学案例。 4．What can be learnt from the first two paragraphs? A．James is fully content with the surgery result. B．The surgery to replace James’ missing eye is underway. C．James can see through his transplanted eye pretty soon. D．The surgeons have transplanted the face and an eye to James. √ 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New York University(NYU) surgeons have performed the world’s first transplant of an entire human eye, an extraordinary addition to a face transplant, although it’s far too soon to know if the man will ever see through his new left eye. ”及第二段“An accident had destroyed most of Aaron James’ face and one eye. His right eye still works. But the surgeons hoped replacing the missing one would produce better cosmetic(整容的) results for his new face. The NYU team is doing just that. James is recovering well from the dual(双重的) transplant last May and the donated eye looks remarkably healthy. ”可推知，James的眼睛和脸部受伤，外科医生已经为他移植了脸部和眼睛。故选D。 5．What does the underlined word “moonshot” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．A task impossible to complete. B．A fantasy existing in the virtual world. C．A project extremely tough to accomplish. D．A mission probable to be complete without effort. √ 词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“Today, transplants of the cornea(眼角膜) are common to treat certain types of vision loss. But transplanting the whole eye—the eyeball, its blood supply, and the critical optic nerve(视神经) that must connect it to the brain”及后文“in the search to cure blindness”可知，虽然眼角膜移植术是成熟的，但是移植一整只眼睛及附属神经和血流供应等还是比较难以完成的，But引出转折，由此可知，画线词moonshot可能意为“一项极其难以完成的工程”。故选C。 6．What challenge are the researchers facing now? A．How to obtain better cosmetic results. B．How to make further progress in animal studies. C．How to stop the transplanted eye from being infected. D．How to grow the optic nerve of the transplanted eye again. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“‘The difficulty now is how to regrow the optic nerve, although animal studies are making progress. ’He praised the NYU team’s ‘boldness’ in even aiming for optic nerve repair and hopes the transplant will promote more research. ”可知，研究者进行眼球移植现在面对的挑战是移植眼的视神经如何再长出来。故选D。 √ 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．James Received Transplanted Eye Perfectly B．NYU Doctors Performed World’s First Eye Transplant C．Various Methods to Treat Different Types of Vision Loss D．Advances Made in Eye Transplant and Optic Nerve Repair 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据文章第一段“New York University (NYU) surgeons have performed the world’s first transplant of an entire human eye, an extraordinary addition to a face transplant, although it’s far too soon to know if the man will ever see through his new left eye. ”可知，本文介绍了纽约大学的医生完成世界首例眼部移植手术的事迹，由此可知，B选项“纽约大学医生完成世界首例眼部移植手术”最适合作文章标题。故选B。 √ Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·湖南岳阳开学考试) People are always living with technology nowadays. Here comes a smart home, which is controlled by the touch of a button. 　1　 This acts like a remote control to activate household systems and monitor inside temperatures. If done successfully, a smart home system will be integrated so seamlessly that a household will appear to run itself. Home automation is designed to introduce efficiency to a home. 　2　 An efficient smart home uses sensors to prevent over watering of outdoor gardens and control room temperatures, all of which can reduce expenses. In addition to cost savings, home automation often provides a sense of security to homeowners. Families with children or elderly adults in the home may be reassured by some safeguards in smart home security, like fire alarms that alert the appropriate agencies in the event of a problem. Lighting activation runs on timers, which can be a life saver if an oven is left on when someone leaves the home. 　3　. Home automation is not just for safety, however. 　4　 With a centralized control unit, a person does not have to leave the couch to turn down the blinds or even order groceries, which can be automated. 　5　 Such a home becomes dependent on technology for routine tasks. If something goes wrong with the central automation unit, it is not just one appliance at risk as malfunctions can disrupt systems that are vital to running a home. As a result, for all people, a home can become a place of technical faults that repeatedly require repair. A．A smart home doesn’t apply to all family members. B．It achieves this by saving homeowners time and money. C．There are some drawbacks with an automated home system. D．It can also provide convenience for people living in the home. E．Home automation depends on furniture and home temperatures. F．Through home automation, an entire house can be connected via a smart controller. G．Besides protecting people, it also offers security for expensive items inside a residence. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了智能家居的工作方式以及好处。 People are always living with technology nowadays. Here comes a smart home, which is controlled by the touch of a button. _______________________ ___________________________________________________ This acts like a remote control to activate household systems and monitor inside temperatures. If done successfully, a smart home system will be integrated so seamlessly that a household will appear to run itself. F．Through home automa-tion, an entire house can be connected via a smart controller. 根据上文“People are always living with technology nowadays. Here comes a smart home, which is controlled by the touch of a button. ”以及下文“This acts like a remote control to activate household systems and monitor inside temperatures. If done successfully, a smart home system will be integrated so seamlessly that a household will appear to run itself. ”可知，下文提到了一个智能家居系统将被无缝集成，由此可知，此处是在说明家庭自动化将房子连接起来的方式。故F选项“通过家庭自动化，整个房子可以通过智能控制器连接起来。”符合语境，故选F。 Home automation is designed to introduce efficiency to a home. ____________________________________________________ An efficient smart home uses sensors to prevent over watering of outdoor gardens and control room temperatures, all of which can reduce expenses. In addition to cost savings, home automation often provides a sense of security to homeowners. B．It achieves this by saving homeowners time and money. 根据上文“Home automation is designed to introduce efficiency to a home. ”以及下文“An efficient smart home uses sensors to prevent over watering of outdoor gardens and control room temperatures, all of which can reduce expenses. In addition to cost savings, home automation often provides a sense of security to homeowners. ”可知，下文提到了节省成本，由此可知，此处引出下文，说明家庭自动化可以省钱，故B选项“它通过节省房主的时间和金钱来实现这一点。”符合语境，故选B。 Families with children or elderly adults in the home may be reassured by some safeguards in smart home security, like fire alarms that alert the appropriate agencies in the event of a problem. Lighting activation runs on timers, which can be a life saver if an oven is left on when someone leaves the home. _________________________________________________________ ________________________ G．Besides protecting people, it also offers security for expensive items inside a residence. 根据上文“Families with children or elderly adults in the home may be reassured by some safeguards in smart home security, like fire alarms that alert the appropriate agencies in the event of a problem. Lighting activation runs on timers, which can be a life saver if an oven is left on when someone leaves the home. ”可知，本段的主旨是家庭自动化可以保护人们的安全，空处承接上文，说明家庭自动化也可以保护其他方面。故G选项“除了保护人们，它还为住宅内的贵重物品提供安全保护。”符合语境，故选G。 Home automation is not just for safety, however. ____________________ _____________________________________ With a centralized control unit, a person does not have to leave the couch to turn down the blinds or even order groceries, which can be automated. D．It can also provide convenience for people living in the home. 根据上文“Home automation is not just for safety, however. ”以及下文“With a centralized control unit, a person does not have to leave the couch to turn down the blinds or even order groceries, which can be automated. ”可知，空处承接上文，继续说明家庭自动化的其他好处，并结合下文的例子可知，家庭自动化为人们提供了方便。故D选项“它也可以为生活在家里的人提供方便。”符合语境，故选D。 _____________________________________________________ Such a home becomes dependent on technology for routine tasks. If something goes wrong with the central automation unit, it is not just one appliance at risk as malfunctions can disrupt systems that are vital to running a home. As a result, for all people, a home can become a place of technical faults that repeatedly require repair. C．There are some drawbacks with an automated home system.　 根据下文“Such a home becomes dependent on technology for routine tasks. If something goes wrong with the central automation unit, it is not just one appliance at risk as malfunctions can disrupt systems that are vital to running a home. As a result, for all people, a home can become a place of technical faults that repeatedly require repair. ”可知，本段提到智能家居可能存在故障，让家成为一个不断出现技术故障、需要修理的地方，即智能家居存在缺点。故C选项“自动化家庭系统有一些缺点。”符合语境，故选C。 Ⅲ．语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·河北邯郸高二上期末) Nemo’s Garden is the world’s first underwater farm. Now，tomatoes，strawberries and some other plants are growing inside its round pods (舱) under the sea，just off the coast of Noli，Italy. Ocean Reef Group 1．_________(start) the underwater garden project in 2012，2．_________(find) new ways to farm that could help the planet in the future. The group’s six plastic pods 3．____________(fill) with air，but their bottoms are open to the sea. Through evaporation (蒸发)，fresh water collects on the insides of the pods，and then goes back down to help plants in the pods grow. started　 to find　 are filled　 Because the pods aren’t very deep under water，the plants still get enough 4．_________(nature) light from the sun. There is also little need 5．______ pesticides as insects can’t get into the pods to harm the plants. However，6．__________(train) divers are needed to swim down and take care of the plants. Ocean Reef Group’s Luca Gamberini told 7．___ magazine that the plants taste different too. “They taste even 8．__________(strong)，” he said. For now，Nemo’s Garden is 9．_______(most) used as a laboratory 10．_______ ______ tries different ways to grow different kinds of plants under the sea. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一个水下农场尼莫花园，并介绍了其工作原理以及发展前景。 natural　 for　 trained　 a　 stronger　 mostly　 which/　 that　 1．答案：started 考查动词的时态。空处为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in 2012”可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填started。 2．答案：to find 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，表目的，用动词不定式形式，故填to find。 3．答案：are filled 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语动词，根据下文“but their bottoms are open to the sea”可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为复数，和动词fill之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are filled。 4．答案：natural 考查词性转换。根据空后的light可知，空处应用形容词，修饰其后名词。故填natural。 5．答案：for 考查介词。固定搭配need for，意为“对……的需求”。故填for。 6．答案：trained 考查词性转换。修饰名词divers，用形容词trained，意为“训练有素的”。故填trained。 7．答案：a 考查冠词。此处泛指“一家杂志”，用不定冠词，magazine的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 8．答案：stronger 考查形容词的比较级。根据上文内容可知，这些植物的味道也不一样，再根据空前的even可知，空处用形容词的比较级。故填stronger。 9．答案：mostly 考查词性转换。此处修饰动词used，作状语，用副词形式。故填mostly。 10．答案：which/that 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a laboratory，指物，空处在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$