高考英语解题技巧（阅读七选五）-【万向思维·高考快递】高考英语真题解题技巧（实例剖析）

三专题二 阅读七选五 考点类型 总分关系 段落主题句 承上启下句 段首设句 例证关系 七选五考法 段中设句 转折关系 总结句 因果关系 段落过渡句 段尾设句· 并列关系 信息补充句 递进关系 解题技巧 代词指代解题法 递进关系解题法 线索法 原词复现解题法 总分关系解题法 同义替换解题法 因果关系解题法 语篇结构解题法 逻辑关系法· 解题技巧 ·结构法 例证关系解题法 段落结构解题法 转折关系解题法 语法特性解题法 并列关系解题法 排除法 标点符号解题法 句式特点解题法 解题技巧1递进关系解题法 递进关系指逻辑关系在意义层面上的由浅入深、由现象到本质，即用递进方式来剖析事理。后面的 分句比前面的分句沿递进方向更进一层。常用的表示递进关系的词语有additionally,besides,even, moreover,also,further,furthermore,what's more,not only...but also... 解题技巧2总分关系解题法 在某个自然段中有一句话是对整段内容的总结，其他几句分别从不同方面展开一这就是“总分”关 系的构段方式。总分关系的构段方式，在形式上可以是“总分”“分总”和“总分总”。常见的表示总结性 的词语有in brief,.in a word,.in conclusion,to sum up,to summarize,to conclude,put simply,in short等。 真题链接(2023·全国乙卷)Indoor plants might look as if they just sit 真题解码 around not doing much,but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.36_,but studies have shown that they can promote people's36.空前一句说明室内植物是有 wellbeing by improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping优点的。根据空后的but并分析 their memory.What's more,indoor plants are easy to look after and are not 选项可知，此处为固定句式“ot only...but(aso).”。空处下文 very expensive. 与空处为递进关系，进一步说明 了室内植物的优点。故选B。 三13且 真题解码 英语 Why are indoor plants good for you? 真题解码 Will Spoelstra,who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens,says, 38.I find during the winter months,plants around the house can 38.根据下文的plants around the really lift your mood.Several studies have backed this up and found that house can really lift your mood indoor plants can improve creativity,focus and memory.There is also "indoor plants can improve research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by creativity,focus and memory”以及 removing harmful gases,such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 知，本段列苹了在室内种植植物 A.All plants are different 的很多具体的好处，所以设空处 B.Not only do they look beautiful 应进行总结：种植室内植物有很 C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors 多好处。C项“在室内种植植物 D.Instead,they grow better inside,where it is warmer 有很多好处”引出下文，与下文构 E.Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best 成“总分”关系，衔接连贯，符合语 F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help 境。故选C。 解题技巧3因果关系解题法 首先，考生要注意设空前后表示因果关系的词语，如表示原因的词语because,since,as等，表示结果 的词语so,therefore,hus,accordingly,consequently,as a result等。如果没有明显的因果词语，考生就需要查 看设空前后的句子，并判断是否存在因果关系。然后，考生可以观察选项中是否有能够合理解释或结果 化设空处前后因果关系的选项。 解题技巧4例证关系解题法 例证关系表示“设空前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子”。例证的形式具有多样性，而其思维 过程基本是“归纳（从例子到观点）”和“推理（从观点到例子）”。常见的表示例证关系的词语有o example,for instance,such as,like,namely,to name a few 解题技巧5转折关系解题法 转折关系表示前后分句陈述的情况相反。要注意的是，转折词语后面的分句往往是说话人要表达的 真正意图。常见的表示转折关系的词语有but,however,yet,though,on the contrary,instead,otherwise等。 真题链接(2022·浙江卷6月).Each year my children would write up 真题解码 their Christmas wish lists.They were polite requests for the latest game or 31.空前一句说明，孩子们长大一些 toy.As the children got older,they would give Santa some hints ( 后会给圣诞老人礼物提示。D项即 on where to buy their presents.31 孩子们“给圣诞老人提示”的结果，上 ..When children write for real audiences and real purposes,they can 下文之间为因果关景。故选D。 33.空前一句说明，当孩子们为真正 learn to choose their words accordingly.33 You write "Dear Santa" 的读者和目的写作时，他们就会相 because you don't know him personally and you want to show him respect. 应地选词：空后一句说明，写“亲爱 的圣诞老人”是因为他们想表达敬意。 ...There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing.It suits the audience 设空前后句之间是“观点一侧子”的 and the purpose and gets the job done.35 This type of writing won't 关系。结合选项，E项与空后一句共 同作为空前一句的例证。故选E。 三14月 专题三 阅读七选五 be rewarded by the school examiner,nor by a future employer or a 真题解码 potential client.The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience. 35.根据空前的There is nothing D.As a result,each year they received something they wanted. wong并结合空后的This type of E.You write "Hi Nanna and Pop"because you are close to them. writing won't be rewarded可知，这 种写作方式没有问题，但却不会得 F.As technology develops,young people are writing more than they ever have. 到奖励。上下文之间为转折关系， G.But if this is the only kind of writing young people do,it will cause 所以空处与上文也应为转折关系。 problems. G项中的Bt表示转折关系，符合 解题技巧6并列关系解题法 语境，故选G。 并列关系指句与句之间处于平等并列的地位，互不相属，只是组合在一起来共同说明一个问题，因此 次序可以改变。常见的表示并列关系的词语有and,neither..nor.,either..or.等。 真题链接(2022·新高考I卷)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled "Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.One reason was: 真题解码 "You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the 上文提到“感谢健身伙伴的五个 m,”while another read:“36_”With a workout partner,.you will 理由”，其中一个是“如果你知道 increase your training effort as there is a subtle()competition. 有人在健身房等你，你确实就会 A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward. 去”。由while another read可知， B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by. 空处应该是另一个理由。由下文 C.You'll work harder if you train with someone else. "With a workout partner,you will D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? increase your training effort..”可 E.How can you write a good "seeking training partner"notice? 知，C项“如果你和其他人一起训 F.Just accept your differences and leam to work with each other. 练，你会更努力。”与上文之间为 G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 并列关系，符合语境。故远C。 解题技巧7代词指代解题法 在英语中，代词出现的频率极高。所以考生在阅读文章和选项时，一定要注意句子中出现的各种代 词，特别是选项中以及空格附近出现的代词，如it,they,this,that,hese,he,either,neither,.both等。考生可 以根据代词的数和其在句子中的位置及作用，判断出其指代的部分，进而达到轻松解题的目的。 真题链接(2023·新课标I卷)You could ask a friend or family member 真题解码 to help add to your list.39 That way,you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that 空前句指出，你可以请朋友或家 shine through.In fact,don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this- 人来补充你的（好事）清单。空后 it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. 句说明，这样做可以增进交流，了解 A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. 各自的优点。由此可推断，空处应 B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. 与“家人或朋友的反应和举动”有 C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. 关。结合选项，C项中的Ty指代 D.It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. 空前句中的：riend or family member。故选C。 三15且 真题解码 英语 解题技巧8原词复现解题法 原词复现其实就是“信息复现”，而复现的可以是原词，也可以是同根词，即具有同样形式和语义的词 语。它们在文中的不同位置对同一事物或同一概念进行多次描述，以确保文章前后相互衔接。这是词汇 衔接中最普遍、最直接，也是最重要的方式之一。 真题链接(2024·新课标I卷)Not all great writers are great spellers.If 真题解码 you want to be published,it's vital to submit a perfect,professionally presented manuscript(原稿)，36 No editor is likely to tolerate a空前一句提到，作家如果想要出版 writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. 作品，提交一份完美的原稿是至关 A.I don't often use this dictionary. 重要的：空后一句提到，编辑不太可 B.It takes no account of the context. 能容忍不重视拼写正确性的作家。 C.But I still don't want to replace them. 由此可知，空处应承上启下，指出对 D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. 完美原稿的要求。F项“那意味着 E.Of course,a dictionary is not only for spelling. 语法正确，没有拼写错误。”符合语 F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. 境，其中的spig与下文的spd山 G.Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 为同根词复现。故选F。 解题技巧9同义替换解题法 有时为了避免重复，使语言表达层次更加丰富，作者会使用同/近义词、上/下义词来替换原词，从而 保持句子间的相互衔接性和语义的连贯性，比如smart与intelligent,nervous与worried,raise与bring up等。 真题链接(202l·全国甲卷)Set a starting time,Maybe you say“go," 真题解码 or tum on a certain song,or whatever.40.And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits.Remember,it's a party! 由空前一句中的“turn on a certain A.Less people than that song,or whatever”"可以推知，空处 B.Hold a clothing swap 可能继续说“播放音乐”的事。D C.If two people are competing 项中的msic是上句中的urg的上 D.Just keep music playing throughout 义词，且该项说明了“可以全程播放 解题技巧10语篇结构解题法 音乐”，符合语境。故选D。 在开始解题前，考生要总体把握文章要点，快速浏览全文，以了解文章的大致内容和主题。考生要注意文章 的结构和层次，检查是否有明确的主题句，同时识别文章结构（语篇结构通常为“总分”或“总分总”结构）。此 外，注意文章的开头或段落的起始部分，找出主题句，以了解全文或段落的主旨。分析文章的展开部分或段落的 后续内容，注意其是如何围绕主题句展开论述，以及提供具体事例、数据的。 真题链接(202I·新高考Ⅱ卷)But if you have to read a great deal for 真题解码 study,you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. 36 根据上文“But if you have to read Before you open the book,make sure that you are comfortable... a great deal for study,you will If you decide that you need to read the whole book,decide how appreciate the benefits of being able much you can read at a time... to read more quickly.(但是，如果你 为了学习必须大量阅读，你就会重 三16 专题三 阅读七选五 ·Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.… 真题解码 A.Stop to have a rest now and then. B.Spend a few minutes looking through the book. 视能够更快地阅读的好处。)”以 C.This depends on the type of book you are reading. 及下文介绍的提高阅读速度的方 D.Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed. 法可知，D项“这里有一些帮助你 E.Make a note of any page which is of special importance. 提高阅读速度的窍门。”承接上 F.You may find yourself having to learn something by heart. 文，总起下文，符合语境。故 G.Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy. 选D。 解题技巧口段落结构解题法 首先，找到段落的主题句，以确定段落的主题。其次，观察空格位于段落的哪个位置（段首、段中或段 尾)，这有助于判断空格处可能需要填入的句子类型。再次，浏览所有选项，寻找与段落主题和结构相符 的句子。重点关注那些与主题句或支撑句内容相关的选项。最后，将选定的选项代入原文中，检查它们 是否与前后文在逻辑上连贯、在内容上相关。注意段落中的逻辑关系、关键词语的复现等。 真题链接(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Paint often and paint from life.There's 真题解码 no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles.Whether you paint still lifes,portraits,or landscapes,paint from life as much as 根据空前的“Paint often and paint possible.37 from life...paint from life as much D.Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. as possible.”可知，本段主要讲的 E.You'll hit roadblocks,and you'll feel discouraged at times. 是初学者要经常画画，并且尽可 能多地去画生活中的元素。分析 F.Evaluate your performance and,if needed,redefine your role. 选项可知，G项中的mns心l G.You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with memory是上文中的paint from life repetition. smud山as possible的结果，且与 本段主题相符。故选G。 解题技巧12语法特性解题法 在七选五试题中有些选项可能会与文章内容相关，但在语法上并不符合上下文逻辑。考生可以通过 排除法将干扰项排除，从而迅速找到正确选项。 真题链接(2022·全国甲卷)Some of these cultural dining etiquette 真题解码 rules may seem random and strange,but they are important in various countries.40 the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign 根据空处下文中的the more cultural practices. comfortable可知，空处也应是“he+ A.The more friends you make in your lifetime 比较级”结构的句子，以构成“h +比较级，he+比较领”结构。结 B.The more time you spend in any given country 合下文句意“你就会开始对它的 C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils 异国文化习俗越得心应手”可知， D.Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant B项“你在任何一个特定的国家 E.It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate 待的时间越长”符合此处的语境。 故选B。 三17且 真题解码 英语 解题技巧13标点符号解题法 对标点符号的使用情况的关注可以辅助考生理解和判断题目内容，进而排除错误选项。题目和选项 中出现的标点符号，如逗号、分号、冒号、破折号、括号等，值得考生重点关注。分析这些标点符号在句子 中的作用，有助于理解它们是如何影响句子的结构和意义的。 真题链接(2021·全国乙卷)38？If you can't take their wine away, 真题解码 you should certainly try to take away their soapbox ()If you're the host,you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just 空后的标点符号是问号，据此可 remove them from the situation. 以判断空处需要填入一个何句， A.How do you know the host 所以应该在A项和F项之间选 B.The first step is to go exploring 择。空后-句中的关键词wine C.If you ask the question "How did you get here?" 和soapbox分别与F项中的 D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers person who has had too much to E.Or turn the conversation into a topie where they have little to say dink和won't stop talking相呼应。 F.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't 故选F。 stop talking 解题技巧14句式特点解题法 利用句式特点排除法解七选五的技巧主要包括：识别句式特点、观察选项句式、利用句式一致性、注 意句式转换和观察句式细节等。 真题链接(2024·浙江卷1月）But are all online courses created equal? 真题解码 How can you be sure that digital leaming is right for you?37 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online 空处上文用了两个履问句对在线 courses. 课程提出疑问，因此空处应继埃 C.Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? 提出疑间。结合下文get their D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. advice about online courses可知， E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human 空处应是在询问怎么做。F项 interaction. “如果你选择在线课程，你能做些 F.If you take an online course,what can you do to ensure the best 什么来确保取得尽可能最好的成 possible grade? 绩？”为疑问句，引出下文，符合语 境。故选F。 三18目