高考英语解题技巧（阅读理解）-【万向思维·高考快递】高考英语真题解题技巧（实例剖析）

专题 阅读理解 考点类型 细节理解题 推理判断题 词义猜测题（含代词指代题） 考点类型 观点态度题 主旨大意题 文章出处题 解题技巧 ①细节理解题 特殊疑问词形式 直接信总题 填空题形式 考法特征 点式细节题 间接信息题 according to设题形式 数字计算题 细节 考点 关键词定位法 理解题 解读 同义转换法 正误判断题 细节例证法 解题技巧 网式细节题 归纳判断题 扫读解题法 整合计算法 解题技巧1关键词定位法 关键词定位法是指通过题干中的关键词（组），一般为名词（词组）、动词（词组）等，快速查找到与之 相关的段落或句子。注意标题、小标题、首段和尾段，这些部分通常包含关键信息。 真题链接(2024·新课标I卷) 真题解码 AGE.SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy 根据题千中的关健信息the lower Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. ge limit可查找到“AGE,SKILLS, Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form.Volunteers under WHAT TO BRING”部分的 the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. "Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome..”。由此可知，该团队需 We'll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes that can get dirty.Bring 要年龄在10岁及以上的志愿着， layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. 所以这个团队的最小年龄限制是 Bring a personal water bottle,sunscreen,and lunch 10岁。故选B。 No experience necessary.Training and tools will be provided.Fulfills (满足)community service requirements. 22.What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A.5. B.10 C.15 D.18. 量1 真题解码 英语 解题技巧2同义转换法 该类题的特点在于，试题的题干或选项中的关键词通常为能够替换文中的关键信息的同义词、，近义 词甚至反义词。考生应根据题意，快速在文中查找关键信息，然后根据同义词、近义词、反义词或同根词 等线索，选择与原文关键信息相接近的选项。 解题技巧3细节例证法 细节例证法侧重于识别文章中用来支撑论点或观点的具体例子。例子通常不会孤立出现，它们前后 往往有对例证主题的总结性说明或论点。这些语句往往是正确选项的来源。另外，注意区分事实性例证 和假设性例证，事实性例证更可能直接指向正确答案。 真题链接(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Turning soil,.pulling weeds,nd 真题僻码 harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.And at first it is,.says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher24.本题可用可义转换法。根据 started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-income 题千中的关键信息Abby Jaramillo schools.The program aims to help students develop science skills,可查找到第一段第二句“And at environmental awareness,and healthy lifestyles. first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,who Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green with another teacher started Urban space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery Sprouts,a school garden program at stores.“The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large four low-income schools.”。由此 bottles of soft drinks,”she says.“They come to us thinking vegetables are可知，Abby Jaramillo和另一位老 awful,.dirt is awful,insects are awful..”Though some are initially scared师一起发起了名为Urban Sprouts of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try 的学校菜园项目，D项中的 something new. initiator意为“发起人”，和原文中 24.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? 的started司义，故选D。 A.She used to be a health worker. 25.本题可用细节例证法。根据 B.She grew up in a low-income family. 第二段第三句“They come to us C.She owns a fast food restaurant. thinking vegetables are awful,dirt D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. is awful,.insects are awful.”这个 25.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? 具体的细节可知，学生在项目刚 A.The kids'parents distrusted her. 开始时，认为蔬菜、泥士和昆虫都 B.Students had little time for her classes. 是可怕的。由此可知，一些孩子 C.Some kids disliked garden work. 不喜欢干菜园里的活儿是 D.There was no space for school gardens. Jaramillo在项目开始时面临的难 题之一。故选C。 解题技巧4扫读解题法 扫读解题法是指通过扫读（包括跳读或者略读等快速阅读的方法）获取解题信息，从而提升解题效 率。此种方法被经常用于应用文解题。 2 专题 阅读理解 真题链接(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 真题解码 Walk 1-The Natural World 根据题干中的the shortest time快 Date and Time:Saturday,Ist October,at 09:00 速扫读全文内容，浏览四项徒步 Start Point:Seratoes Bridge 活动的Date and Time部分的信 Walk Duration:6 hours Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking 息。根据四项徒步活动的时间信 息可知，Photographic Walk in Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 09:00 Kilbrannish Forest的徒步时间是 Start Point:Deerpark Car Park 1.5小时，而其他三项徒步活动 Walk Duration:5 hours 的时间分别是6小时、5小时和 Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars 3小时。故选D。 Date and Time:Saturday,Ist October,at 18:30 Start Point:The Town Hall Walk Duration:3 hours Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 11:45 Start Point:Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration:1.5 hours 21.Which walk takes the shortest time? A.The Natural World. B.Introduction to Hillwalking. C.Moonlight Under the Stars. D.Photographie Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 解题技巧5整合计算法 首先，阅读题干，标出关键词。其次，速读全文，在进行相关信息查找的同时标记计算所需内容。最 后，根据题干要求进行整合计算。注意计算内容应与题干相匹配。 真题链接(2023·新课标I卷) 真题解码 Prices 根据题千中的a bike with hand Hand Brake, Foot Brake, brake and three gears for two days Three Gears No Gears 可查找到表格中“Hand Brake, 1 hour 17.50 15.00 Three Gears"1 day (24 hours) 3 hours 111.00 17.50 及Each additional day处的信息。 1 day (24 hours) 114.75 9.75 由此可知，如果要租一辆带手动 Each additional day 18.00 16.00 刹车和三个挡位的自行车一天须 付114.75，此后每天需要加 22.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three 8.00。通过计算可知，需要支付 gears for two days? (114.75+18.00=)122.75。故 A.115.75. B.119.50. C.122.75. D.29.50. 选C。 豆3A 真题解码 英 2推理判断题 常规推理判断 写作目的推断 梳理整合法 考点解读 隐含意义推断法 读者对象推断 例证分析法 解题技巧 推理判断题 写作手法推断 日的意图推断法 infer,imply,suggest 情节走向法 考法特征 learn from.learn that purpose,aim at,target reader 解题技巧]梳理整合法 此法要求考生根据文章的主要内容和结构进行判断。读完文章后，考生要对原文内容进行梳理，整 合重要信息，提炼出体现设题特点的内容，然后对照选项进行选择。 真题链接(2023·新课标I卷) 真题解码 After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain 第一步：根据第一段中的“He plants trap harmful bacteria()?Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-decided to build what he would causing chemicals？With the right combination of animals and plants,he later call an eco-machine.”可知， figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did..He decided to John决定制造一台“生态机"。 build what he would later call an eco-machine. 第二步：根据第二段中的“to The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥).First,.he constructed a series of clear fiberglass some sludge(污泥).”可知，John anks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and制造生态机的目的是净化水质。 streams and brought back some plants and animals..He placed them in the第三步：第二段最后提到John在 tanks and waited.Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to水箱中放入污泥，而第三段中 one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks,John amazed at the results all that was added the sludge. left was pure water指出，试验成 He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco- 功，即污水变干净了。梳理整合 machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had上面的分析可知，John把污泥放 all been digested,and all that was left was pure water. 进水箱里是为了测试“生态机”的 25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? 效果。故选D。 A.To feed the animals.B.To build an ecosystem. C.To protect the plants.D.To test the eco-machine. 解题技巧2隐含意义推断法 如果题干指明了某句或某段，考生可据此直接在文章中找到相关信息点：如果题干中出现©mh© passag©或没有规定范围时，也应先找到相关信息点。然后，在准确理解文中已知部分的基础上，结合背景知 识和生活常识以及文章的主旨，考生可以进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。最后，在比较各选项 后考生就能确定答案。 4 专题 阅读理解 真题链接(2023·全国乙卷)One time my friends and I drove three 真题解码 hours to Devil's Lake,Wisconsin,to climb the purple quartz(石英)》 rock around the lake.After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a 根据题千中的rom the author's bunch of rocks,we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.The trip with friends to Devil's Lake position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the 查找到“However,we did not mark background.We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the the route(路线)so we ended up spare time until sunset.However,we did not mark the route(so we almost missing the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以 ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.Once we found the place,it 我们几乎完全错过了日落。)”一 was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.Still, 句。由此可推知，作者与朋友到 looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots though they达拍援地点的时间比预期的要 could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and晚。故选Co managed my time wisely. 26.What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake? A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D.They had problems with their equipment. 解题技巧3例证分析法 考生可以通过分析文章中的具体例子的方法，理解它们是如何支持作者的论点或文章的主题的。 真题链接(2023·全国甲卷)Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on 真题解码 a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context(背景)of one thing they can help us do better..The end result is a根据文中的“The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates,see like Thoreau,listen rad in which we learn to wonder like Schopenhauer,and have no regrets like Nietzsche.This,more than a like Socrates,see like Thoreau, book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use listen like Schopenhauer,and have no philosophy to improve a life. regrets like Nietzsche.”可知，作者 29.Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? 认为，阅读这本书可以让读者学 A.To compare Weiner with them. 会用哲学改善生活，并像Socrates B.To give examples of great works. C.To praise their writing skills. 那样思考，像Thoreau那样观察， D.To help readers understand Weiner's book. 像Schopenhauer那样倾听，像 Nietzsche那样没有遗憾。由此可 推知，作者通过列举这几位伟大的 哲学家来帮助读者更好地理解 Weiner的这本书。故选D。 量5且 真题解码 英语 解题技巧4目的意图推断法 要推断写作目的，考生需要综合考虑文章的内容、文体、语言风格等多个方面，注意开头和结尾以及 体现写作目的的标志性表达等。 真题链接(2022·北京卷)“What would the world be if there were no 真题解码 hunger?"It's a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer,she wrote later,because imagining 本段开头提出“如果没有饥俄，这个 something that isn't part of real life-一and leaming how to make it real-一is世界会怎样”的问题，并指出， a rare skill,.It is taught to artists and engineers,but much less often to Crystal教投的学生难以回答此问 scientists..Crystal set out to change that,and helped to create a global题。后面接着讲到，基于此，Crystal movement.The result-an approach known as systems thinking-is now 帮助发起了一项全球运动。结果， seen as essential in meeting global challenges. 一种被称为“系统思维”的方法现 28.The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph I to 在正被视为应对全球挑战的关键。 A.illustrate an argument 由此可推断，文章开头提出问题是 B.highlight an opinion 为了引出文章的话题一“系统思 C.introduce the topie 维”的方法正被视为应对全球挑战 D.predict the ending 的关健。故选C。 解题技巧5情节走向法 预测推断类试题一般是预测接下来的内容或者事情的结局。做此类题时，考生需要把握全文线索， 尤其最后一段的主题，后续的主要内容应与文章最后一段形成语义连贯。 真题链接(2023·全国乙卷)According to a new study from market 真题解码 analysts,1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.Almost one third say they now use a 根据本段的最后一句“With an wider variety of ingredients than they used to,and just under 1 in increasing number of male chefs on TV,it's no longer 'uncool'for 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about boys to like cooking.(随着电视上 expanding their cookery knowledge and skills and young people are 越来越多男性厨师的出现，男孩 getting more interested in cooking.The UK's obsession with food 子喜欢烹任不再是一件‘不酷’的 is reflected through television scheduling.Cookery shows and 事了。)”可知，接下来，作者可能 documentaries about food are broadeast more often than before.With an 会继续介绍电视节目中的男性厨 inereasing number of male chefs on TV,it's no longer "uncool"for boys 师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。 故选B。 to like cooking. 31.What might the author continue talking about? A.The art of cooking in other countries. B.Male chefs on TV programmes. C.Table manners in the UK. D.Studies of big eaters. 6冒 专题 阅读理解 3 词义猜测题 构词法 释义法 考点 单词、短语、句子释义猜测题 逻辑关系法 解读 代词指代题 解题 义 语境推断法 技巧 猜测题 例证法 猜测释义类用词：mean,explain, 考法 stand for,replace等 生活常识法 特征 指代类用词：refer to等 解题技巧1构词法 英语单词可以通过添加词缀，合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。做题时考生可以根据前 缀、后缀、合成等构词知识来“解剖”单词，进而推测出词义。 真题链接(2023·新课标I卷)Part one concludes by introducing my 真题解码 suggested method for adopting this philosophy:the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty 本题可用构词法解题。“解制”该 days.At the end of the thirty days,you will then add back a small number 词：declutter=de-(除掉：去掉： of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive 取消)+clutter(杂物；杂乱)。由 benefits to the things you value. 此可推知，画线词意为“清理”，与 29.What does the underlined word "declutter"in paragraph 3 mean? dear-up含义相近。故选A。 A.Clear-up. B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over. 解题技巧2释义法 在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对关键词或专业术语进行解释。做题时，考生可根据 画线词后表示解释说明的内容猜测词义，如同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号等，以及标志性词， similarly,aso,that is to say,in other words,namely,or other.,say等后面的内容。 真题链接(2022·全国乙卷)That includes huge savings in maintenance 真题解码 costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on 根据画线词下一句可知，据计算， maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to 仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿 inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That ean be dangerous work that 欧元用于维护，包括经常在夜间 could be avoided with drones assisting the crews'efforts. 派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基 29.What does "maintenance"underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? 础设施，故推测maintenance是 A.Personnel safety. “维护，保养”的意思，C项中的 B.Assistance from drones nspection and repair与画线词下 C.Inspection and repair. 一句中的inspect and repair对应。 D.Construction of infrastructure. 故选C。 量7 真题解码 英语 解题技巧3逻辑关系法 此法要求考生关注画线单词或短语前后句子之间的逻辑关系，并根据这种逻辑关系推测单词或短语 的意思。注意上下文中的表示因果关系的词（组）because,so,hus,herefore,as a result of,so that,.so/ such.that..等，表示转折关系的词but,however,although,yet等，表示对比的词（组）while,on the other hand,rather than,on the contrary等。 真题链接(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)In this“book of books,”artworks are 真题解码 selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children leaming to read at根据lbut这一表转折意义的连词 home or at school,.with the book as a focus for relations between the可知，画线部分所在分句应与前 generations.Adults are portrayed(描绘）alone in many settings and一分句存在意思上的转折。本句 poses-一absorbed in a volume,deep in thought or lost in a moment of句意：这些场景可能在几百年前 leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,but 就已经画好了，但它们记录的时 they record moments we can all relate to. 刻是我们都能感同身受的。画线 30.What do the underlined words "relate to"in paragraph 2 mean? 部分意为“理解：感同身受”。故 A.Understand. B.Paint. 选A。 C.Seize D.Transform. 解题技巧4语境推断法 语篇中的词汇不是孤立出现的，而是和上下文中的其他词、句乃至整个篇章在意义上、结构上和逻辑 上存在着联系。因此，考生可以利用情境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义或句意。 真题链接(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)We joumalists live in a new age of 真避解码 storytelling,with many new multimedia tools.Many young people don't even realize it's new.For them,it's just nommal. 画线部分上一段提到，作者是记 This hit home for me as I was sitting with my2-year-old grandson on者，生活在一个讲故事的新时 a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday..I had brought a children's book to代一一个有许多新多媒体工具 read.It had simple words and colorful pictures-一a perfect match for的时代。许多年轻人甚至没有意 his age. 识到这是新时代，因为对他们来 24.What do the underlined words“hit home for me”mean in说这是正常的。由后文as I was paragraph 2? sitting with my 2-year-old grandson A.Provided shelter for me. on a sofa over the Spring Festival B.Became very clear to me. holiday可知，在春节假期期间，作 C.Took the pressure off me. 者和两岁的孙子一起读书的这件 D.Worked quite well on me. 事情，让作者清楚地认识到了这 一点。因此，画线部分的意思是 “对我变得很清楚”。故选B。 8冒 专题— 阅读理解 解题技巧5例证法 为了说明或证实，文章中经常会用例子来说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助猜测生词含义。 因此，解答此类题时，考生可以关注要猜测的词（组）前后表示“举例”的词（组），如such as,ike,for example,for instance等。 真题链接(2020·北京卷）Certain forms of Al are indeed becoming 真题解码 ubiquitous.For example,algorithms (carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets,self-driving cars are appearing on city 画线词后出现了表示“举例”的短 streets,and our smartphones are translating from one language into 语For example,说明后面的内容 another.These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we是对该词的举例说明。根据后面 humans are.But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the"For example,algorithms systems have been designed.That is something that some AI developers)carry out...our smartphones are are now eager to change. translating from one language into 42.What does the underlined word“ubiquitous”in Paragraph 1 probably another."可知，在我们的金融市 mean? 场上有大量的交易都是通过算法 A.Enormous in quantity. 实现的：自动驾驶汽车正出现在 B.Changeable daily. 城市街道上，我们的智能手机正 C.Stable in quality. 在从一种语言翻译成另一种语 D.Present everywhere. 言。由此可知，人工智能在我们 生活中无处不在。所以画线词与 D项“Present everywhere(在任何 地方存在).”意思接近。故选D。 解题技巧6生活常识法 在做有些猜测词义、句意的题时，考生在文中如果找不到标志性表达或线索，那么也可以借助生活经 验和常识推测词义或句意。 真题链接(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)As they grew more mobile,we let them 真题解码 move freely around the house during the day,but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room,otherwise they'd get up to mischief. 恨据常识和生活经验可知，如果 We'd come down in the moming to find they'd tumed the room upside 不把老虎们关在房间里，它们洗 down,and left it looking like a zoo. 会把房间弄得乱七八槽。所以画 25.What do the underlined words "get up to mischief"mean in paragraph 3? 线部分的意思是“表现不好，制造 A.Behave badly. B.Lose their way. 麻烦”。故选A。 C.Sleep soundly. D.Miss their mom. 量9A 真题解码 语 4主旨大意题 标题归纳题 首尾段/句归纳法 考点解读 文章大意题 主题句定位法 解题技巧主旨大意题 段落大意题 结构分析法 考法特征一topic,mainly about,best title等 解题技巧1首尾段/句归纳法 通常文章的首段/句和尾段/句包含主旨大意。通过仔细阅读和理解这两段/句，考生可以提炼出文 章/段落的中心思想。 真题链接(2022·全国甲卷)Sometime in the early1960s,a significant 真题解码 thing happened in Sydney,Australia.The city discovered its harbor. Then,one after another,Sydney discovered lots of things that were just 根锯本段的前两句“Sometime in the sort of there-broad parks,superb beaches,and a culturally diverse early 1960s,a significant thing population.But it is the harbor that makes the city. happened in Sydney,Australia.The 32.What is the first paragraph mainly about? city discovered its harbor.”以及最 A.Sydney's striking architecture. 后一句“But it is the harbor that B.The cultural diversity of Sydney. makes the city.”可知，正是海港造 C.The key to Sydney's development. 就了悉尼。因此本段主要讲述的 D.Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s. 是海港是悉尼发展的关键。故 选Co 解题技巧2主题句定位法 找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。文章的主题句通常暗含文章的话题，它是文章的核 心。因此，“主题句定位法”是一种确定文章主旨大意的行之有效的方法。 真题链接(2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica,she 真题解码 found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(longing to say hello.These gentle,lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick- 通读全文可知，第一段的最后一句 started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. "These gentle,lovely gatekeepers Ever since her childhood,Ginni,now 71,has had a deep love for welcomed her and kick-started what travel.Throughout her career()as a professional dancer,she toured was to be a trip Ginni would never in the UK.but always longed to explore further..When she retired from forget."是文章的主题句。由此可 dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,she decided it was time to 知，这次南极洲之旅是Ginni永远 take the plunge. 不会忘记的一段旅行。故选B。 The realization that this is a precious land,to be respected by humans,was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 31.What is the text mainly about? A.A childhood dream. B.An unforgettable experience. 三10