Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World Grammar and usage 动词-ed形式导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第三册

Book3 Unit 4 Grammar and usage 动词­ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 I. 课前预习——观察例句 写出下列句中动词­ed形式的作用(定语，状语，宾语补足语) 1) We should drink boiled water. 前置定语 2) A water and soil conservation project set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass. 后置定语 3) Seen from the moon, the earth, with water covering about 70% of its surface, appears to be a blue ball. 时间状语 4) Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare to sleep alone in her room.原因状语 5) Given another chance, he will do it better. 条件状语 6) The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.伴随状语 7) We need to get the machine repaired at once as we want to use it in our experiment tomorrow.宾语补足语 8) With all the work done, we went to play basketball. 宾语补足语 II. 归纳用法 一、作定语 及物动词的­ed形式通常表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的­ed形式仅仅表示完成。 1．前置定语：单个的动词的­ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。 He is a respected teacher in our school.在我们学校他是一位受尊敬的老师。 2．后置定语：动词的­ed形式短语作定语通常要置于被修饰的名词之后。 This is a letter written in blue ink.这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。 [名师点津]　动词的­ed形式及其短语作定语时，一般均可以转换为一个定语从句。 The experience gained(＝which/that has been gained)will be of great value to us. The suggestion sent to the committee(＝which/that had been sent to the committee)was adopted. [即学即练1]　单句语法填空 1　 Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend)with his students. 2　 The book, written (write)by Lu Xun，is popular with many Chinese people. 3　 Do you remember the problems discussed(discuss)at the last meeting? 二、作状语 动词­ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。动词­ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等，有时可带有连词。 1．作时间状语。 When offered help, one often says“Thank you”or“It's kind of you”． 当被提供帮助时，人们常说“谢谢你”或“你真好”。 2．作原因状语。 Praised in class, Anne felt happy.在课堂上受到了表扬，安妮感到高兴。 3．作条件状语。 If taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects. 如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。 4．作伴随状语。 The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. 老师进了实验室，后面跟着一些学生。 [名师点津]　动词­ed形式作时间、原因和条件状语时均可以转换成相应的状语从句。 [即学即练2]　单句语法填空 ①Raised (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long，hard road to become a football star. ②Approached(approach)in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired. ③The lady returned home, followed(follow)by Holmes. 三、作宾语补足语 作宾补的多是及物动词的­ed形式，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。 1．以下两类动词后可接动词的­ed形式作宾补： (1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice，think等。 ①I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 ②He found his purse lost.他发现他的钱包丢了。 (2)表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get等。 ③I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。 ④He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。 2．动词的­ed形式作宾补表示的意义。 (1)表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如例句②，lost表示的动作显然先于谓语动词found。 (2)表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句③及④中cut my hair和pull out his tooth是动宾关系。 [名师点津]　 1.使役动词have接动词的­ed形式作宾补，还有两种情况： (1)动词的­ed形式所表示的动作由他人完成。 He had his money stolen.他的钱被偷了。(被别人偷去了) (2)动词的­ed形式表示句子主语的经历。 He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。(句子主语的经历) 2．在with/without复合结构中也可用动词的­ed形式作宾补。 With the final exam papers collected, the classroom suddenly became quiet. 收齐期末试卷之后，教师突然安静下来。 [即学即练3]　完成句子 ①无论多累，我必须把这份工作干完。However tired I am，I must get the work finished． ②她依然不能用英语表达出自己的意思。She still couldn't make herself understood in English. ③她突然感觉自己的肩膀被轻拍了一下，然后惊讶地转过身去。She suddenly felt her shoulder tapped lightly and turned around in surprise. ④科学家站在实验室里，所有实验数据都已仔细记录在笔记本中。The scientist stood in the lab, with all the experimental data carefully recorded in his notebook. 4、 独立主格结构 （一）基本概念 独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）是由"名词/代词 + 非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语"构成的特殊结构，在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等情况。其特点是： 1. 逻辑主语与主句主语不一致 2. 用逗号与主句隔开 3. 不使用连词连接 （二）常见结构形式 类型 结构公式 例句（高考真题改编） 名词+现在分词 n. + doing Time permitting, we'll visit the museum. 名词+过去分词 n. + done The test finished, students left the room. 名词+不定式 n. + to do The teacher to give a lecture, we prepared notebooks. 名词+形容词/副词 n. + adj./adv. He stood there, face pale. （三）核心考点 1. 正确判断主句与独立主格的逻辑关系（因果/时间/条件/伴随） 2. 准确使用非谓语动词形式（doing表主动/进行，done表被动/完成） 3. 区分独立主格与分词作状语（关键看主语是否一致） （四）典型错误警示 1. 误用谓语动词：× Hands trembled, he opened the letter. √ Hands trembling 2. 逻辑主语混乱：× The sun setting, we felt the temperature drops. √ (The sun setting... dropped) [即学即练4] 1. The bell ringing (ring), the students rushed out of the classroom. 2. His homework finished (finish), Tom went out to play basketball. 3. The old man sat in the chair, eyes closed (close). 4. Weather permitting ( permit), the sports meet will be held tomorrow. 5. The lecture ending (end), the audience burst into applause. 6. Mother cooking in the kitchen, the aroma drifted into the living room, making my brother's stomach growl. 7. All the lights having gone out (go out), the students lit candles, the flame dancing (dance) on their textbooks. III. 巩固练习 （1） 单句语法填空 1. The report ______ (publish) yesterday revealed the latest climate change data. （答案：published | 考点：过去分词作后置定语） 2. ______ (warn) about the approaching sandstorm, most people chose to stay at home. （答案：Having been warned | 考点：完成被动式表原因） 3. With his phone ______ (steal) on the subway, Jack had to borrow a stranger’s device to call the police. （答案：stolen | 考点：with复合结构表被动状态） 4. The ancient temple, ______ (build) in the 15th century, attracts thousands of tourists annually. （答案：built | 考点：过去分词作插入语） 5. ______ (exhaust) by the 12-hour flight, the passengers staggered off the plane. （答案：Exhausted | 考点：过去分词作原因状语） 6. The problem ______ (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is crucial to our project. （答案：to be discussed | 考点：不定式被动表将来） 7. ______ (expose) to sunlight for too long, the painting’s colors had faded significantly. （答案：Having been exposed | 考点：完成被动式表时间先后） 8. The audience remained silent, deeply ______ (move) by the pianist’s performance. （答案：moved | 考点：过去分词作伴随状语） 9. The instructions ______ (write) in French confused the non-native speakers. （答案：written | 考点：过去分词作后置定语） 10. The children watched the colorful kites _________ (release) into the sky during the festival. （答案：released | 考点：过去分词作感官动词的宾补，表被动过程） 11. The children played happily in the garden, their hands ______ (cover) with mud. （答案：covered | 考点：独立主格结构表状态） 12. ______ (acknowledge) as a global issue, climate change requires immediate action. （答案：Acknowledged | 考点：过去分词作条件状语） 13. The new policy, ______ (design) to reduce carbon emissions, will take effect next month. （答案：designed | 考点：过去分词作非限制性定语） 14. ______ (trap) in the elevator for two hours, the residents were finally rescued by firefighters. （答案：Having been trapped | 考点：完成被动式表经历） 15. The novel ______ (adapt) into a film last year won three international awards. （答案：adapted | 考点：过去分词作后置定语） （二）非谓语综合练习 1. I walked out into my front yard, ________ (hope) that some fresh air would lift my mood. 2. I felt even worse when I saw Grammar __________ (smile) at me. 3. Ever since ________ (move) from the city to the country a decade ago, ________ (take) a stroll (散步) around the five acres I called home always gave me a feeling of peace and serenity. 4. Just then, a pickup truck turned off the main road and came zooming down my long, __________ (wind) driveway. 5. I saw that the only way _________ (get) over a challenge is ________ (have) the determination to do so. 6. ________ (locate) in the eastern coastal area of China is Jiangsu Province, which is well-renowned for its education. 7. Unless___________(invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. 8. About 17 percent of rainforest ________ (destroy) due to human activities over the past 50 years. 9. Ne Zha 2: Demon Child Conquers the Sea, written and directed by Jiaozi, has earned more than 14.5 billon at the box office, becoming the first Chinese film ________ (achieve) the milestone. 10. We are making efforts to develop students’ ability ________ (solve) problems. 11. DeepSeek is a pioneering AI company founded in July 2023, ________ (devote) to the development of advanced large language models. 12. They arrived at the airport, only ________(inform) that the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm. 13. In 1984, jianzi was recognized officially as a Chinese national sport, and that same year ________ (see) the creation of the Hong Kong-based team, Amateur Union of Shuttlecock. 14. Usually, large components (组成部分) of wooden architecture ________ (piece) together using these structures. 15. The purpose of the event is ___________ (bring) the different tribes (部落) from the Western Highlands Province together. 参考答案： 1. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. hoping 3. smiling 4. moving, taking 5. winding 6. to get, to have 7. Located 8. Invited 9. has been destroyed 10. to achieve 11. to solve 12. devoted 13. to be informed 14. saw 15. are pieced 16. to bring $$ Book 3 Unit 4 Grammar and usage 动词­ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 I. 课前预习——观察例句 写出下列句中动词­ed形式的作用(定语，状语，宾语补足语) 1) We should drink boiled water. 2) A water and soil conservation project set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass. 3) Seen from the moon, the earth, with water covering about 70% of its surface, appears to be a blue ball. 4) Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare to sleep alone in her room. 5) Given another chance, he will do it better. 6) The boy sat at the table buried in his homework. 7) We need to get the machine repaired at once as we want to use it in our experiment tomorrow. 8) With all the work done, we went to play basketball. II. 归纳用法 一、作定语 及物动词的­ed形式通常表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的­ed形式仅仅表示完成。 1．前置定语：单个的动词的­ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。 He is a respected teacher in our school.在我们学校他是一位受尊敬的老师。 2．后置定语：动词的­ed形式短语作定语通常要置于被修饰的名词之后。 This is a letter written in blue ink.这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。 [名师点津]　动词的­ed形式及其短语作定语时，一般均可以转换为一个定语从句。 The experience gained(＝ ) will be of great value to us. The suggestion sent to the committee(＝ ) was adopted. [即学即练1]　单句语法填空 1　 Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students. 2　 The book, (write) by Lu Xun, is popular with many Chinese people. 3　 Do you remember the problems (discuss)at the last meeting? 二、作状语 动词­ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。动词­ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等，有时可带有连词。 1．作时间状语。 When offered help, one often says“Thank you”or“It's kind of you”． 当被提供帮助时，人们常说“谢谢你”或“你真好”。 2．作原因状语。 Praised in class, Anne felt happy.在课堂上受到了表扬，安妮感到高兴。 3．作条件状语。 If taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects. 如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。 4．作伴随状语。 The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. 老师进了实验室，后面跟着一些学生。 [名师点津]　动词­ed形式作时间、原因和条件状语时均可以转换成相应的状语从句。 [即学即练2]单句语法填空 ① (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long，hard road to become a football star. ② (approach) in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired. ③The lady returned home, (follow) by Holmes. 三、作宾语补足语 作宾补的多是及物动词的­ed形式，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。 1．以下两类动词后可接动词的­ed形式作宾补： (1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice，think等。 ①I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 ②He found his purse lost.他发现他的钱包丢了。 (2)表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get等。 ③I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。 ④He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。 2．动词的­ed形式作宾补表示的意义。 (1)表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如例句②，lost表示的动作显然先于谓语动词found。 (2)表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句③及④中cut my hair和pull out his tooth是动宾关系。 [名师点津]　 1.使役动词have接动词的­ed形式作宾补，还有两种情况： (1)动词的­ed形式所表示的动作由他人完成。 He had his money stolen.他的钱被偷了。(被别人偷去了) (2)动词的­ed形式表示句子主语的经历。 He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。(句子主语的经历) 2．在with/without复合结构中也可用动词的­ed形式作宾补。 With the final exam papers collected, the classroom suddenly became quiet. 收齐期末试卷之后，教师突然安静下来。 [即学即练3]　完成句子 ①无论多累，我必须把这份工作干完。However tired I am，I must get ． ②她依然不能用英语表达出自己的意思。She still couldn't make herself in English. ③她突然感觉自己的肩膀被轻拍了一下，然后惊讶地转过身去。She suddenly ____________________ ____________ and turned around in surprise. ④科学家站在实验室里，所有实验数据都已仔细记录在笔记本中。The scientist stood in the lab, ________ _______________________________ in his notebook. 4、 独立主格结构 （一）基本概念 独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）是由"名词/代词 + 非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语"构成的特殊结构，在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等情况。其特点是： 1. 逻辑主语与主句主语不一致 2. 用逗号与主句隔开 3. 不使用连词连接 （二）常见结构形式 类型 结构公式 例句（高考真题改编） 名词+现在分词 n. + doing Time permitting, we'll visit the museum. 名词+过去分词 n. + done The test finished, students left the room. 名词+不定式 n. + to do The teacher to give a lecture, we prepared notebooks. 名词+形容词/副词 n. + adj./adv. He stood there, face pale. （三）核心考点 1. 正确判断主句与独立主格的逻辑关系（因果/时间/条件/伴随） 2. 准确使用非谓语动词形式（doing表主动/进行，done表被动/完成） 3. 区分独立主格与分词作状语（关键看主语是否一致） （四）典型错误警示 1. 误用谓语动词：× Hands trembled, he opened the letter. 改：√ Hands trembling 2. 逻辑主语混乱：× The sun setting, we felt the temperature drops. 改：√ (The sun setting... dropped) [即学即练4] 1. The bell ________ (ring), the students rushed out of the classroom. 2. His homework _________ (finish), Tom went out to play basketball. 3. The old man sat in the chair, eyes _________ (close). 4. Weather__________ ( permit), the sports meet will be held tomorrow. 5. The lecture _________ (end), the audience burst into applause. 6. Mother (cook) in the kitchen, the aroma drifted into the living room, (make) my brother's stomach growl. 7. All the lights (go out), the students lit candles, the flame (dance) on their textbooks. III. 巩固练习 （1） 单句语法填空 1. The report ______ (publish) yesterday revealed the latest climate change data. 2. ______ (warn) about the approaching sandstorm, most people chose to stay at home. 3. With his phone ______ (steal) on the subway, Jack had to borrow a stranger’s device to call the police. 4. The ancient temple, ______ (build) in the 15th century, attracts thousands of tourists annually. 5. ______ (exhaust) by the 12-hour flight, the passengers staggered off the plane. 6. The problem ______ (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is crucial to our project. 7. ______ (expose) to sunlight for too long, the painting’s colors had faded significantly. 8. The audience remained silent, deeply ______ (move) by the pianist’s performance. 9. The instructions ______ (write) in French confused the non-native speakers. 10. The children watched the colorful kites _________ (release) into the sky during the festival. 11. The children played happily in the garden, their hands ______ (cover) with mud. 12. ______ (acknowledge) as a global issue, climate change requires immediate action. 13. The new policy, ______ (design) to reduce carbon emissions, will take effect next month. 14. ______ (trap) in the elevator for two hours, the residents were finally rescued by firefighters. 15. The novel ______ (adapt) into a film last year won three international awards. （二）非谓语综合练习 1. I walked out into my front yard, ________ (hope) that some fresh air would lift my mood. 2. I felt even worse when I saw Grammar __________ (smile) at me. 3. Ever since ________ (move) from the city to the country a decade ago, ________ (take) a stroll (散步) around the five acres I called home always gave me a feeling of peace and serenity. 4. Just then, a pickup truck turned off the main road and came zooming down my long, __________ (wind) driveway. 5. I saw that the only way _________ (get) over a challenge is ________ (have) the determination to do so. 6. ________ (locate) in the eastern coastal area of China is Jiangsu Province, which is well-renowned for its education. 7. Unless___________(invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. 8. About 17 percent of rainforest ________ (destroy) due to human activities over the past 50 years. 9. Ne Zha 2: Demon Child Conquers the Sea, written and directed by Jiaozi, has earned more than 14.5 billon at the box office, becoming the first Chinese film ________ (achieve) the milestone. 10. We are making efforts to develop students’ ability ________ (solve) problems. 11. DeepSeek is a pioneering AI company founded in July 2023, ________ (devote) to the development of advanced large language models. 12. They arrived at the airport, only ________(inform) that the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm. 13. In 1984, jianzi was recognized officially as a Chinese national sport, and that same year ________ (see) the creation of the Hong Kong-based team, Amateur Union of Shuttlecock. 14. Usually, large components (组成部分) of wooden architecture ________ (piece) together using these structures. 15. The purpose of the event is ___________ (bring) the different tribes (部落) from the Western Highlands Province together. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$