专题03 阅读理解 说明文(二)-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语一模试题分类汇编（新高考通用）

专题03 阅读理解(说明文)(二) 高频话题01 人与自我—食物与饮料 Passage 1 (2025届河北省秦皇岛市昌黎第一中学高三下学期“赢在百日”第一次模拟)Many people enjoy chocolate. However, recent reports have emphasized that chocolate production poses environmental and nutritional concerns. As a result, Swiss experts discovered new methods and recipes to create chocolate that is considered healthier and sustainable. In a study, researchers raised concerns about chocolates’ impacts on health. Additionally, chocolate production can impact land use and increase global warming. Finding sustainable ways to create chocolates will be significant to the environment and offer potential socio-economic benefits to farmers. The latest June report revealed that Swiss scientists have discovered new ways to produce healthier and more sustainable chocolate. The traditional sugar in chocolates is replaced by cocoa pod’s waste plant matter. Sustainable chocolate recipe uses mashed pulp(浆状物) and husk(外皮) of the cocoa pod instead of beans. Unlike the usual chocolate, the researchers noted nutritional improvement. Another aspect of the report is environmental benefits. Conventional methods can damage land and use excessive water. The new method reduces water and land usage by 6%. Additionally, it can potentially reduce emissions by utilizing solar drying methods. For farmers who have struggled against climate change and dry conditions, the study highlights that it has a local economic impact. This can drive a new revenue stream(收入来源) for local farmers, particularly for areas where cocoa is grown. While the chocolate uses a new recipe, the result explains that it is identical to other traditional dark chocolate in terms of taste and texture. Additionally, the report emphasized that there is still a need for a pilot study (试点研究) . According to a report, people who consume these chocolates can notice slight differences in flavor and sweetness. The chocolate industry is considered a $100 billion industry. Although chocolates may taste delicious, they contribute more to pollution and waste. Adopting sustainable chocolates can potentially make a significant impact on the environment amidst growing concerns about climate change and habitat warming. Recent findings showed that 70% of cocoa beans are found in West Africa, and there is an increasing demand for cocoa globally. However, Africa has been at risk of climate effects, causing frequent droughts and high temperatures. As cocoa demand soars(猛增), deforestation can likely become more widespread, which could exacerbate climate change. As a result, offering environment-friendly and sustainable ways to produce chocolates is crucial. 1. What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A. Chocolate production costs too much natural resources. B. Chocolate production has impacts on health and environment. C. Chocolate production can increase income for local farmers. D. Chocolate production has been greatly improved so far. 2. What is the author’s attitude towards the new ways of producing chocolates? A. Satisfied. B. Uncertain. C. Objective. D. Subjective. 3. What can we infer about the new recipe for chocolates? A. It does great harm to the environment. B. It costs too much water. C. It doesn’t taste good enough. D. It is still not so perfect so far. 4. What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in the last paragraph mean? A. Promote. B. Extend. C. Worsen. D. Relieve. Passage 2 (2025届江西省南昌市高三下学期第一次模拟测试英语试题)For thousands of years, people have changed food to please their sense of taste. More than 3, 000years ago Mesoamericans, living in what is Mexico and Central America today, cooked com kernels(玉米粒) in a solution of wood ash or limestone. The process unlocked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn, making it easier to chew. With the invention of canned goods in the 19th century, the industrial-scale transformation of food became possible. According to the UN, the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20% between 1961 and 2021, to 3, 500 kilocalories. In that time, obesity rates have more than tripled; today, nearly one in three people globally is obese or overweight. Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing used to cook up cheap, tasty snacks may itself be harmful. A parțicular target is “ultra-processed foods” (UPFs), heavily processed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles. At the heart of the debate is a question: are UPFs unhealthy because their nutritional content is poor, or does the processing somehow pose risks in itself? At the turn of the 21st century some scientists noticed that people in Brazil were buying less sugar and oil than in the past. Yet rates of obesity were still rising. This unintentionally occurred with the growing popularity of packaged desserts and ready-made meals. By now numerous studies have shown that people who consume diets high in UPFs tend to have more health problems. But a recent analysis by Samuel Dicken and Rachel Batterham at University College London reviewed 37 studies and found that even after adjusting for fat, sugar and salt UPFs were still strongly linked to poor health. That suggests there is more to their harm than just a poor nutrient profile. Where those harms come from is still unclear, however. With so many influential causes that could also explain poor health — such as income and education — observational studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers. Arne Astrup, a Danish researcher, argues that evidently most of the studies that make statistical adjustments to try to isolate(分离) the effects of processing are “not good enough”. 1. Why did Mesoamericans process corn kernels? A. To ensure better consumption. B. To enable easy handling. C. To discover new solutions. D. To facilitate safe storage. 2. What do the data in paragraph 2 show? A. The history of food industry. B. The benefits of preserved food. C. The results of food mass production. D. The development of food processing. 3. What can be inferred about ultra-processed foods? A. Their popularity is in decline. B. Their presence changes Brazilians’ diet. C. Their nutrients can make up for their risks. D. Their processing methods arouse concerns. 4. Why do observational studies fail to determine the effects of UPFs? A. Many factors affect the results. B. The related statistics are inaccurate. C. The studies lack enough evidence. D. The causes of harm remain unknown. Passage 3 (2025届江西省高三下学期2月一模考试英语试题)On the crowded supermarket shelves, food products with carefully designed packaging and labels draw attention. Some 72% of American consumers say that product packaging influences their purchase decisions — a statistic not lost on food manufacturers(生产商). Louis Biscotti, the National Leader for Food & Beverage Services Group at Marcum, writes in Forbes that when the FDA updated its nutrition facts label for packaged foods in 2020, food companies found they could use those labels on their packaging to provide nutritional and other data to boost sales. He adds that 30% of U. S. consumers surveyed are more likely to buy products with sustainable credentials(认证)and that “clean label” characteristics can win over consumers. Labeling can be very helpful when determining certain things about a food item. “USDA Organic”, “free of preservatives” and “raised without antibiotics”, for example, have specific standards, and the product will need to be true to those claims. However, a new report takes a look at the “natural” claims on food packaging and the result is eye-opening. “Food suppliers use the label that claims the food is ‘natural’ at a relatively low cost because regulatory agencies treat the claim as meaning nothing artificial was added and the product was minimally processed,” the authors explain. “Natural” claims like “all natural”, “100% natural” and “made with natural ingredients” are not defined in regulations. “Neither the FDA’s nor USDA’s policy decisions address the health benefits or crop production methods consumers might assign to natural-labeled foods,” write the authors. However, many people think a product labeled “natural” delivers benefits far beyond what it does. At first, it might simply seem upsetting that food manufacturers are capitalizing on consumers’ innocence to boost prices and that consumers aren’t getting what they think they’re getting. But the more serious problem is how this harms food producers who are actually meeting the standards for stricter labels that are actually doing good, like ones around organic practices or animal welfare. Farmers and producers doing the work end up at a competitive disadvantage in the marketplace if consumers treat foods labeled “natural” as alike. 1. How do food companies try to attract consumers according to the text? A. By increasing food nutrition. B. By cutting the number of labels. C. By taking advantage of packaging. D. By selling food products at a discount. 2. What do the underlined words “the product” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. A preservative claimed to be harmless. B. A “clean” label with specific standards. C. A kind of unpopular but healthy food. D. A food item with claims on the label. 3. What does the new report find about the “natural” claims on food packaging? A. They are unrelated to food processing. B. They reveal the good effects of food. C. They don’t guarantee health benefits. D. They involve crop production methods. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Food manufacturers’ novel sales strategies. B. The impact of consumers’ misconceptions. C. The well-accepted standard for stricter labels. D. Victims of unhealthy food in the marketplace. Passage 4 (2025届河南省五市高三下学期第一次联考英语试题)What if everything happens for a reason? Burnt toast theory, a modern view on this classic idea, suggests that every little inconvenience we experience in our day-to-day lives happens for a bigger reason. Imagine you accidentally burn your toast before leaving for work. According to burnt toast theory, this tiny inconvenience can cause a domino effect(多米诺效应). Your morning gets delayed by three to five minutes—just enough time to leave the house later than usual and avoid a potential car accident. Or perhaps you catch a later train, missing an awkward encounter with someone you don’t intend to see. You might even meet someone new whom you wouldn’t have otherwise met, leading to a friendship or romantic connection. When we feel like things are outside our control, that can be scary. The burnt toast theory can help some people let go of their need for control and take negative situations more positively. However, while maintaining a positive mindset can be beneficial, over-optimism can lead to “poisonous positivity”. When we only allow ourselves to focus on positive thoughts, we are denying ourselves the chance to properly deal with challenges and difficult situations to better ourselves, focusing on creating a false positive façade (假象) instead. By constantly avoiding negative experiences, we might ignore their real impact on us and fail to acknowledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel worse about ourselves, and may lead to pushing down negative feelings or experiences, and refusing to acknowledge or deal with them fully. Instead of focusing purely on positive thinking, working towards developing a growth mindset may be more helpful. You don’t always have to look for life’s silver linings, or even the meaning behind a little burnt toast. Sometimes things happen, and they suck. But as long as we take time to acknowledge how these things make us feel, and recognize that we can’t always control everything around us, we can still work towards improving ourselves, and how we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters. 1. What can be inferred from the burnt toast theory? A. Life is a process, not destination. B. Lost in the east, gained in the west. C. Life is full of endless challenges. D. Lost time will never be found again. 2. Which can be an outcome from “poisonous positivity”? A. Loss of chances to grow. B. Failure to acknowledge others. C. Inability to control emotions. D. Decline in physical health. 3. Which can be seen as a growth mindset mentioned in the last paragraph? A. Finding reasons for failure. B. Avoiding pushing others too hard. C. Accepting life and making it better. D. Keeping a positive mindset and working hard. 4. Which is the best possible title for the text? A. Bum Toast Theory: Find a True Self B. Bum Toast Theory: Lead a Positive Life C. Burn Toast Theory: More than Positivity D. Burn Toast Theory: How to Live Actively Passage 5 (2025·山东济南莱芜区·一模)Have you ever visited a bakery(烘焙坊) for a sweet treat? And have you ever wondered what happens to the unsold bread? Lately, this topic has brought a wide discussion on the internet. Bread has a short sell-by date, because it is usually kept at room temperature. “Freshly baked bread can only be kept for 24 hours, while packaged(包装好的) bread lasts 3 days.” said a bakery manager in Jiangxi Province. To solve this problem, some bakeries sell the near-expired(临期的) bread at a lower price. But others would rather throw it way. “If we start furthering discounts, we are afraid that many customers will just wait for the discounted bread”, said a bakery owner, “This will hurt our daytime sales.” Can bakeries reduce the production to cut down on waste? A bakery manager explained, “A shelf full of bread catches the eye. This will make people want to buy more bread.” Most bakeries don’t want to cut back on the bread types, either. “People prefer freshness, so we need to keep introducing new types,” said Lu Liang, a bakery owner in Shanxi Province. What can bakeries do with near-expired bread? According to a baking teacher, bakeries can donate it to people in need. And the expired bread can be sent to recycling companies and turned into food for animals. In addition, some bakeries sell near-expired bread through “blind boxes”. At a bakery in Shanghai, for example, there is a blind box sale from 8 p. m. to 9 p. m. every day. People can get a random type of near-expired bread at a low price. “It's great because it reduces food waste,” said one customer. “And the blind box always gives me some fun!” 1. How does the writer begin the passage? A. By asking questions. B. By stating facts. C. By listing numbers. D. By giving reasons. 2. How long can we keep packaged bread? A. 8 hours. B. 24 hours. C. 3 days. D. 9 days. 3. What might happen if a bakery reduces the kinds of bread types? A. There will be less waste in bakeries. B. Customers will lose interest in buying. C. The bakery will save more money. D. The bakery will draw new customers. 4. How do customers feel with “blind boxes” according to the text? A. Familiar. B. Upset. C. Scared. D. Pleased. 5. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. How to deal with the unsold bread? B. Where to buy more fresh bread? C. Why is it hard to sell packaged bread? D. What is needed to sell bread well? 高频话题02 人与自我—语言与文化与学校生活 Passage 1 (2025届江苏省苏锡常镇高三下学期一模考试英语试题)Nadine Grimm’s A Grammar of Gyeli opens with a moving quote honoring ancestors: “For our ancestors who have left us - may we keep their wisdom.” This sets the tone for her study of the Gyeli language in Ngòló, a small village in southern Cameroon, rich in culture and hidden knowledge. In her prize-winning work, Grimm displays the essence of the Gyeli language, spoken by the Bagyeli people, who are sometimes called “Pygmies.” The grammatical description, which is presented in a form-to-function approach, covers all levels of language, ranging from Gyeli speech sounds to its information structure and complex sentences. Her path to studying African languages began by chance during her Bachelor’s degree in General Linguistics and French. She had an unexpected opportunity to work with a professor in Nigeria, which led to her first African language conference and started her interest in African languages. Grimm’s research includes deep fieldwork, such as recording conversations and joining in everyday activities with the Bagyeli. At first, she used assistants to communicate due to language barriers, but as her understanding grew, she began talking directly with the speakers. This method differs from traditional ones, focusing on real language use rather than simple word-for-word translations. The importance of reference grammars like Grimm’s becomes clear in light of the global problem of disappearing languages. With 50-90% of the world’s languages at risk, documenting languages like Gyeli is essential. “When languages die, we lose entire knowledge systems,” Grimm says. Her work not only records the Gyeli language but also adds to the understanding of endangered Bantu languages in general. It represents one of the most comprehensive descriptions of a northwestern Bantu language. For her efforts, Grimm was awarded the 2023 Bloomfield Book Award from the Linguistic Society of America. A single Bloomfield Book award is made annually to recognize “a volume that makes an outstanding contribution of long-term value to the understanding of language and linguistics.” Grimm’s work was praised for adding audio and video recordings that improve reliability in language research. 1. Why did Grimm write A Grammar of Gyeli? A. To keep a knowledge system. B. To honor her ancestors. C. To record the tone of Gyeli. D. To satisfy her interest in languages. 2. What do we know about the Gyeli language? A. It is endangered. B. It is simple in structure. C. It has to be studied in a form-to-function approach. D. It functions differently from other Bantu languages. 3. Why does the author mention Bantu languages? A. To highlight their importance. B. To illustrate the problem of disappearing languages. C. To emphasize the urgency of protecting them. D. To demonstrate the value of Grimm’s study. 4. What contributed most to the success of Grimm’s research? A. Her work with a professor in Nigeria. B. Her ability in learning a new language. C. Her relationship with the Bagyeli people. D. Her unique and reliable research method. Passage 2 (2025届安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三上学期第一次质量检测英语试题)There’s a name for that feeling you get after spending too long scrolling aimlessly, and Oxford University Press (OUP) has chosen it as its word for the year for 2024. “Brain rot” took the title in a vote in which more than 37, 000 people participated, as well as public commentary and analysis of OUP’s language data. In a statement released Monday, OUP, which publishes the Oxford English Dictionary, defined “brain rot” as the supposed decline in a person‘s mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of over-consumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be shallow or unchallenging. While the use of “brain rot” rose 230% this year, it was actually first introduced more than a century ago. According to OUP, it was first used by author Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden as he criticized society’s tendency to devalue complicated ideas in favour of simple ones. All these years later, it seems brain rot is well and truly established. The term has gained attention over the past year, however, especially as worries grow about the impact of over-consuming low-quality content online. Earlier this year, a behavioral healthcare provider in the United States began offering treatment for brain rot, describing it as a condition of confusion, tiredness, lack of focus, and weakened mental ability. The healthcare company cited endless scrolling and social media addiction as examples of brain rot behavior, which could be prevented by setting limits on screen time or doing a digital cleansing. “ ‘Brain rot’ speaks to one of the perceived dangers of virtual life, and how we are using our free time, ” said Casper Grathwohl, president of Oxford Languages. “I also find it fascinating that the word ‘brain rot’ has been adopted by Gen Z and Gen Alpha. These communities have promoted the expression through social media channels, the very place said to cause ‘brain rot’, ” he added. “It demonstrates a somewhat humorous self-awareness in the younger generations about the harmful impact of the social media that they’ve received. ” 1. What does “brain rot” refer to according to Oxford University Press? A. A headache caused by too much screen time. B. Mental decline from meaningless viewing. C. Low-quality online information. D. Addiction to social media. 2. Why did Thoreau use the term “brain rot” in his writing? A. To warn people about overusing the Internet. B. To encourage readers to watch shallow content. C. To challenge society’s preference for simple ideas. D. To praise mental health advancements of his time. 3. What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A. Brain rot is caused by social media and can be treated. B. Social media causes most mental health issues. C. Screen time has no impact on mental health. D. Brain rot is not a real mental condition. 4. Why does Casper Grathwohl describe the younger generation as humorous? A. Because they openly laugh at the mental state of older generations. B. Because they treat low-quality online content purely as entertainment. C. Because they completely avoid discussing brain rot and see it as a joke. D. Because they admit the harm of social media with self-critical humor. Passage 3 (2025届山东省济南市高三下学期一模英语试题)It’s a classic complaint in relationships, especially romantic ones: “She said she was okay with me forgetting her birthday! Then why is she throwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the two things related? ” The answer is YES. Communication is more than words. It’s how those words are said, the tone, the order, even the choice of a particular word. It’s multi-dimensional, as explored by Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber in Meaning and Relevance. Consider the following example: Peter got angry and Mary left; Mary left and Peter got angry. Though identical in words, their meanings differ completely. The first one may have us thinking: Wow, Peter must get angry often if Mary leaves. The second sentence suggests that Peter wants more from Mary. Same words — a totally different context. Human language is not a code(编码). True codes have a one-to-one relationship with meaning. One sound, one definition. This is what we see with animals. Wilson and Sperber explain that “coded communication works best when emitter(发出者) and receiver share exactly the same code. ” Not so for humans. We communicate more than the definitions of our words would suggest. This is inferential communication, and it means that we understand not only the words spoken, but the context in which they are spoken. . Irony(反语) is a great example of how powerfully we can communicate context with a few simple words. It is more than just stating the opposite. For example, when Mary says, after a boring party, “That was fun”, she is neither saying literally that the party was fun nor saying “ironically” that the party was boring. Rather, she is expressing an emotion. Three words replace paragraphs, showcasing language’s efficiency. Wilson and Sperber concluded that human language developed and became so powerful because of two unique abilities of humans: language and the power to try to interpret mental states of others. We look for context for the words we hear. And we should be very good at absorbing this context to infer meaning. 1. What does the complaint in Paragraph 1 mainly indicate? A. The inconsistence between words and meaning. B. The importance of remembering vital moments. C. The necessity of straightforward communication. D. The unavoidability of argument in a couple's life. 2. What may make human language different from true codes? A. The context included in understanding meanings. B. The definitions made by words in communication. C. The coded communication between emitter and receiver. D. The one-to-one relationship between word and meaning. 3. How does Mary’s statement “That was fun” illustrate about irony? A. It simplifies language to save time. B. It covers the true feelings of people. C. It needs wordy explanations to make sense. D. It uses fewer words for complex meanings. 4. What does the author suggest in communication? A. Focusing on the opposite. B. Taking language literally. C. Reading beyond the words. D. Avoiding using ironic tones. Passage 4 (2025届山东省德州市高三下学期一模英语试题)Some of the world’s 7,000 languages disappear annually and many are endangered for not being spoken widely in formal settings like schools. A quiet fightback is under way in communities that feel their traditions are drowned out by the dominance of the most globally spoken languages. Tochi Precious, a Nigerian, says, “It pains me to see a language dying off, because it’s not just about the language, but about the history and culture associated with it.” It was the community aspect that brought her to join efforts to save Igbo, an endangered African language. Ensuring there’s a substantial record of words and meanings, and how it is written and used is key, according to campaigners like Precious, who aid others in their languages’ protection through the organisation Wikitongues. Amrit Sufi, an Indian speaking Angika, records videos and uploads them to preserve its oral culture via Wikitongues, too. “It’s urgent to document and make it accessible, not just stored in a library,” she says. “Oral culture is disappearing as new generations are more subject to consuming industry-produced music rather than sitting in groups and singing. They’re ashamed to speak it due to a perceived dishonor attached to it, seeing Angika beneath dominant languages.” Wikitongues focuses on helping document languages using collective resources such as dictionaries and alternative-language Wikipedia entries. Wikipedia is favoured by language activists as a way to upload media and build effective and affordable dictionaries. There are moves to use artificial intelligence to document languages by processing texts and feeding them into chatbots. Many activists create books, videos and recordings. Community radio stations also have a long record of providing services in local languages. Despite such preservation, activists then have to persuade people to use a language — a major challenge. “While Igbo is one of Nigeria’s largest languages, parents believe only English is useful for children’s future, insisting that if they don’t speak English, they appear ignorant and don’t belong,” Precious says. “But efforts to save it have worked — the language is flowering again.” 1. How do Precious and Sufi help prevent language loss? A. Through national programs. B. Through word of mouth. C. Through mass music formats. D. Through Internet technology. 2. What may be the reason for the downfall of Angika according to Sufi? A. Decline in population. B. Lack of job-market demands. C. Prejudice against Angika. D. Absence of formal education. 3. What is the toughest thing facing activists about an endangered language? A. Promoting its use. B. Building community cooperation. C. Obtaining financial support. D. Getting advanced recording devices. 4. What is Precious’ attitude towards the Igbo rescue move? A. Skeptical. B. Positive. C. Pessimistic. D. Uncaring. Passage 5 (2025届河南省创新发展联盟高三下学期一模英语试题)Historically, a university’s primary role has been to ensure students’ outstanding performance academically, but higher education can also change lives by supporting their well-being. Despite growing evidence of the importance of students’ well-being and an abundance of best practices, most institutions have yet to prioritize it as much as they do with enrollment(入学), graduation and grades. A new study led by University of Maine researchers provides guidance on how institutions can support and improve students’ well-being, and breaks down the various benefits for learners during and beyond their university career. The study defines well-being as a combined sense of belonging, agency, purpose, identity, citizen engagement and financial stability. Quoting a long-term investigation, researchers identified key student experiences that result in improved well-being later in life: working at a job or internship(实习); conducting a project that takes a semester or longer to complete; extensively participating in extracurricular(课外的) activities; having at least one professor who either personally cares about their students, and encourages them to pursue their goals or makes them excited to learn. “There is a growing recognition of the importance of affective student outcomes such as a sense of belonging and agency, as well as a wealth of evidence showing that student-centered practices can meaningfully support these. We hope that this will encourage other educators to consider how to support well-being in their own learning context,” said Holly White, lead researcher. Researchers identified six guiding principles for improving students’ well-being, among which are Research Learning Experiences (RLEs). According to researchers, RLEs encourage “partner relationships and a sense of belonging, as well as developing agency, purpose and identity through enriching research experiences.” “A unique feature of our RLEs is that they are open to all entering first-year students, no matter what prior experiences students may have had. Our early results on the positive impact of RLEs on students’ overall well-being are very encouraging.” said John Volin, study co-author. “I think it’s really important to recognize that we can support students’ well-being and learning. These two aspects are not contradictory or in a zero-sum situation. It also doesn’t have to be one or the other.” White said. 1. Which may fail to improve students’ well-being according to the text? A. Gaining an internship opportunity. B. Engaging in after-class activities widely. C. Carrying out a long-term project with others. D. Having a professor who is strict about their study. 2. What can we know about RLEs? A. They have been practiced in many universities. B. They are mainly targeted at students lacking in experience. C. They play a positive role in enhancing students’ well-being. D. They are the best method among the guiding principles identified. 3. What do White’s words in the last paragraph suggest? A. Student learning is more important than well-being. B. Universities should take students’ well-being more seriously. C. It is difficult to support students’ well-being in many universities. D. Universities can help with students’ well-being and studies at the same time. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Research on Improving Students’ Well-Being B. Challenges in Supporting Students’ Well-Being C. The Role of Research Learning Experiences in Universities D. The Importance of Students’ Well-Being in Higher Education Passage 6 (2025届河南省新乡市高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷)Anxieties about children and reading are not unusual, but news that fewer than half of those aged 8 -18 admit to actually enjoying it — the lowest level since 2005 — should raise a red flag. The survey, conducted by the National Literacy Trust (NLT) ahead of World Book Day, also revealed a worrying picture of growing inequality. One in 10 of 3, 000 parents and carers interviewed across the UK said they were too stressed to read to their child because of economic pressures, doubling to nearly one in five among those who described themselves as struggling financially. Meanwhile, 20% said they were spending less on books for their children as a result of the cost of living crisis, rising to 36% among those in financial difficulty. This gap was thrown into sharp relief by sales data for the last year, released by market analysts Nielsen Book Scan, which revealed a 15% increase in the overall number of children's books sold compared with 2019, though that number has fallen back by 1.2% in the first month of this year. If poorer families are spending less of the money invested in children's reading, it follows that richer ones must be investing more. The World Book Day survey was not all sadness and worry: it quoted government data showing that reading levels rose slightly in primary schools between 2019 and 2022. But success in getting a child to jump through hoops at 10 or 11 is only a small part of equipping that child to become a happy and willing reader, with all the benefits that reading habits are known to bring. So what is to be done? At a time of financial stress, libraries have a key role to play. A welcome sign that they are doing so came with borrowing figures for last year. For the first time in 14 years, a children’s author — Julia Donaldson, creator of The Gruffalo — topped the lending charts, with five others in the top 10. Libraries are where children of all ages go to choose books for themselves, as opposed to bookshops, where parental budgets, and tastes unavoidably have a noticeable effect. 1. What can we know from the first paragraph? A. Worries about children and reading are unusual. B. Most children aged 8 — 18 find reading interesting. C. There is intelligence inequality among most children. D. Fewer than half of the children aged 8 — 18 enjoy reading. 2. What makes some parents and carers unable to read to their children? A. The shortage of time. B. Economic pressures. C. The inability to read. D. The lack of interest in reading. 3. Why does the author mention Julia Donaldson in the last paragraph? A. To show the popularity of libraries. B. To stress the importance of reading. C. To encourage children to read more. D. To introduce a famous children’s writer. 4. What role do libraries play in promoting reading among children? A. They send free books to children. B. They offer reading activities for children. C. They are the main source of children’s books. D. They provide equality in children’s reading to some extent. Passage 7 (2025届湖南省高考普通高中名校联考高三下学期第一次模拟考试)The video game “Black Myth: Wukong” has been praised as a “masterpiece” by critics and enthusiasts alike, with many boldly predicting that it will be a strong competitor for the famed title of Game of the Year. This game has not only gained great popularity within China but has also captivated international audiences, many of whom may not be familiar with the complexities of the classic Chinese novel “Journey to the West”, from which the game draws its inspiration. Despite this, the game’s complex plot presents certain challenges for players who are not good at the slight differences of the source material. “Black Myth: Wukong” is a proof to the perfect integration of traditional Chinese cultural elements with modern gaming technology. The game beautifully combines Daoist talismans(护身符), Buddhist artifacts, and ancient architectural wonders, creating a visually stunning experience that draws inspiration from iconic landmarks such as the Great Wall and the splendid Mount Huangshan. The Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism has cleverly capitalized on the game’s popularity by releasing a promotional video that highlights real-life locations featured in the game, such as Xiaoxitian and Yuhuang Temple. This has led to a surge of cultural pilgrimages(朝圣) to these historic sites, as fans of the game seek to experience the real-world counterparts of the virtual wonders they have explored. The development team’s dedication to authenticity is evident in their careful research in Shanxi, a region that boasts(自夸) 80 percent of China’s surviving wooden structures from the Yuan Dynasty and earlier periods. This research has led to an almost exact copy of China’s breathtaking landscapes, grand temples, and delicate sculptures inside the game. This remarkable achievement not only serves as a proof to the team’s dedication to authenticity but also stands as a powerful cultural export, allowing players from around the globe to experience the richness of Chinese heritage in an immersive(沉浸式的) and interactive manner. The game’s success is a reflection of the growing influence of Chinese culture in the global gaming industry. “Black Myth: Wukong” is not just a game; it is a cultural phenomenon that bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming, creating an experience that is both educational and entertaining. As the game continues to gain popularity, it is likely to attract even more players who are curious about Chinese mythology and history, further cementing its status as a global cultural icon. 1. “Black Myth: Wukong” appeals internationally mainly because of . A. its simple plot and gameplay B. its complicated plot and cultural elements C. its focus on Western mythology D. its lack of historical accuracy 2. To use the game’s popularity, the Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism . A. released a video game B. created a promotional video C. built new tourist attractions D. published a travel guidebook 3. What is the significance of the development team’s research in Shanxi? A. It led to the creation of a new game engine. B. It was used to develop a virtual reality experience. C. It caused a decline in tourism to Shanxi. D. It resulted in a near 1:1 reproduction of Chinese landscapes. 4. “Black Myth: Wukong” bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming . A. ignoring historical accuracy B. focusing on Western themes C. integrating cultural elements into gameplay D. using outdated graphics Passage 8 (2025届广东省高三下学期一模英语试题)At top universities, there’s a phenomenon known as “Stanford Duck Syndrome(综合征)”. Like ducks, students appear to move gracefully(优雅地). However, beneath the surface, they’re kicking desperately to keep up. Experts from Stanford’s Health Services uncovered this troubling trend: during the day, many Stanford students are seen socializing in cafés, seemingly without any stress or the need to study. However, at night, they start studying, sometimes for the entire night, trying to maintain the image of effortless success. This comes at a high price: tiredness and anxiety are widespread. Furthermore, it leads to a common misconception: true geniuses achieve success with ease, while those working hard are less capable. In an effort to challenge this misconception, researchers designed an experiment. Participants were asked to observe a series of colors carefully while scientists tracked their brain activity throughout the process. The experiment was divided into two parts: one with easily distinguishable colors and the other with colors that were quite similar, requiring more effort to differentiate. As the difficulty of the task increased, there was a noticeable increase in brain activity, particularly in areas linked to memory and abstract reasoning. The study reveals that as tasks require more effort, more areas of the brain become engaged. Growth doesn’t come from talent alone but from the consistent application of effort. Our brain functions like a muscle. Without effort, even our inborn talents will fade over time. This pushes us to reconsider the underlying culture that might lead to this phenomenon. Instead of focusing too much on outcomes or singing high praise for inborn talents, we should emphasize the learning process and continuous improvement. By encouraging a culture that values effort, we can help students realize that intelligence is not fixed but grows through hard work. Such a shift would not only reduce the pressures associated with the “Stanford Duck Syndrome”, but also have a profound impact on personal development and the future of education. 1. What phenomenon does the “Stanford Duck Syndrome” probably describe? A. Prioritizing effort over well-being. B. Relieving stress through social activities. C. Displaying graceful images to attract others. D. Hiding hard work to appear naturally gifted. 2. How does the experiment in paragraph 3 challenge the misconception? A. By showing effort fuels the brain activity. B. By proving focus enhances brain function. C. By linking color recognition to intelligence. D. By associating careful observation with talent. 3. What is the author’s main concern about “Stanford Duck Syndrome”? A. It values the learning process over outcomes. B. It causes stress and false ideas about success. C. It prevents students from recognizing their talents. D. It makes students prioritize socializing over studying. 4. Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Fortune favors those with a clear vision. B. Sweat is the ink that writes a masterpiece. C. Work in silence and let success make the noise. D. Keep moving forward even when no one sees it. Passage 9 (2025届广东省江门市高三下学期一模英语试题)Want to know the current population of India? The internet is your best bet. Need a quick refresher on the phases of the moon? Go ahead, read a story online (or two or three). But if you really need to learn something, you're probably better off with print. Or at least that's what a lot of research now suggests. Researchers find that people tend to read faster on screens. That's fine for checking texts and social media posts. But when screens are small, the extra scrolling needed to read a long article or book may make it harder to retain what you're reading, data now show. That doesn't just depend on the device, however. It also depends on what you assume about the text. Naomi Baron calls this your mindset. She says one way mindset works is in anticipating how easy or hard we expect the reading to be. If we think it will be easy, we might not put in much effort. Much of what we read on screens tends to be text messages and social media posts, which are usually easy to understand. So, “when people read on screens, they read faster,” says Alexander at the University of Maryland. “Their eyes scan the pages and the words faster than if they're reading on a piece of paper.” But when reading fast, we may not absorb all the ideas as well. However, all experts agree on one thing: There's no going back. Digital reading is here to stay. So it pays to make the most of it. It's a good idea to do a little preparation. Baron compares reading to sports or to playing music. “Watch a pianist or an athlete. Before they run the race or play the concert, they get themselves in the zone,” she says. “It's the same thing for reading. Before you read something you really want to focus on, get in the zone. Think about what you'll be reading, and what you want to get from it.” 1. Which is NOT the possible element affecting people's reading on screens? A. Small screens. B. Reader's mindset. C. Simple posts. D. Reading skills. 2. What may all experts agree as for digital reading? A. It's unavoidable. B. It's unhelpful. C. It's unpredictable. D. It's unacceptable. 3. Why does Baron mention the pianist and the athlete? A. To define a term. B. To support an idea. C. To explain a concept. D. To present the background. 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The Rise of Digital Reading. B. The Benefits of Print Reading. C. Balancing Print and Digital Reading. D. Preparing for the Digital Reading Era. Passage 10 (2025届广东省建文外国语学校两学部高考二月第一次模拟考(一模)英语试题)“Can I have that book? I’m still curious,” said a fourth-grade student staring at a bin full of unopened books, magazines, and a couple of unopened, plastic-wrapped art supplies at a public elementary school in Portland, Oregon recently. These unopened items are the result of a student resource waste examination conducted in partnership with the school’s Eco Club, the University of Oregon, and the National Education Association. Some desks have been cleared of materials, some partially used, and others hold untouched, unopened supplies. And while some students have all the materials they need, others remain resource-hungry. Connecting the dots between these two kinds of students is the idea of a “share shelf,” a way to address both student resource needs and material waste in school supply programs during the school year and summer. Share shelves are exactly what they sound like: places to drop off things like packs of pencils, notebooks, or unopened boxes of crayons for other students to pick up free of charge. With encouragement from the Department of Education, a growing number of school supply programs across the country are now offering share shelves. There are numerous benefits — economic, environmental, and educational — for supporting share shelves. Share shelves enable us to use the federal funds we invest in equipping 25 million students each day for their highest and greatest good. When students offer their unopened, unused materials to other students, they expand the impact of our investment in their educational resources. Share shelves also promote the ethics of resource conservation and respect for the impacts of material waste. And unused supplies in storage create clutter and waste resources. Habitual sharing of unused materials can influence organizational habits at home and the behavior patterns students will carry into adulthood. Portland fourth-grade teacher Alex Carter said her students love the school’s share shelves. “What they don’t take, we teachers take back to our classroom or departmental storage rooms to share with students in the afternoons and/or in after-school programs.” 1. Why does the author mention the unopened supplies? A. To highlight the need to improve school supply programs. B. To show the problem of resource waste in schools. C. To stress the importance of providing more supplies. D. To illustrate the lack of organization in classrooms. 2. What can students do at share shelves? A. Get free unopened supplies. B. Sell their unused supplies. C. Exchange supplies with others. D. Throw away their waste supplies. 3 What do we know about share shelves from the text? A. They are opposed by many teachers. B. They are not well supported by schools. C. They have a positive impact on multiple aspects. D. They mainly focus on solving supply waste problems. 4. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A scientific research report. B. A school brochure. C. An educational magazine. D. A food industry newsletter. Passage 11 (2025届河南省驻马店市安阳市部分学校高三下学期3月一模英语试题)Many think that language is what sets humans apart from other animals and that language is a must for us to think. British philosopher Russell even claimed in 1948 that no intelligent thinking can take place without language. However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities(实体), working in separate parts of the brain. In short, they are “far more independent than we imagined”, wrote ZME Science. The study explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches. First, they studied patients suffering from global aphasia(完全失语症), who had lost much of their ability to understand or speak due to damage to the left part of their brain. However, they can still fulfil complex tasks “You can ask people with global aphasia to solve math problems or perform social reasoning tests, and as long as the instructions are non-verbal(非语言的), they can succeed,” Evelina Fedorenko, a US researcher, told ZME Science. The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities. In other words, we generally need language to express our thoughts, but we can still think without words. So, if language isn’t necessary for thinking, then why did humans develop it? Fedorenko said language serves mainly as a tool for communication “Most of the things that you probably learned about the world are learned through language but not through direct experience with the world,” she said. By being able to share complex information through language, humans gained an evolutionary(进化的) advantage. Although language doesn’t give rise to thoughts, past research shows that how we speak can heavily influence how we think. For example, the English sentence “He fired the gun” is usually phrased as “The gun went off” in Japanese. As a result, English speakers are more likely to focus on the person responsible for an accident than Japanese speakers, according to Psychology Today. 1. What does the recent study show about language and thought? A. Language and thought work separately. B. Language is the basis of intelligent thought. C. Language and thought depend on each other. D. Language determines the complexity of thought. 2. What does the underlined word “fulfil” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Complete. C. Assign. D. Manage. 3. What did the brain-imaging study on healthy people mainly focus on? A. The changes in their brains’ language regions. B. Their preferences for different non-verbal tasks. C. Their ability to think while doing non-verbal tasks. D. The impact of non-verbal tasks on their intelligence. 4. What role does Fedorenko think language plays in serving humans? A. It helps humans to generate thoughts. B. It enhances humans’ problem-solving skills. C. It enriches humans’ emotions as it develops. D. It allows humans to exchange and learn information. 高频话题03 人与自然—自然灾害与防范/宇宙探索 Passage 1 (2025届山东省菏泽市高考一模英语试题)Disastrous floods are becoming more and more common around the world. The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall, but as cities expand, and more and more land is under concrete or paving, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage(雨污排水) systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. Could the way that cities are growing be making things worse? Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. Early in 2013, he proposed the concept of “sponge(海绵) cities”, which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge - reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world. Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts(涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks. This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the amount of associated pollutants which used to be washed into the sea. Auckland has taken a natural approach, but a much more high-tech method can be seen in Amsterdam. The Dutch city has installed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside, and then layers beneath which collect and store rainwater. This water can be used by people to water plants or wash toilets. Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize the system’s ability to absorb rainwater. Yu Kongjian describes the sponge city approach as using Tai Chi with nature instead of boxing. Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally. What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding. 1. What may cause the risk of city flooding? A. The city size. B. The city design. C. The city location. D. The city population. 2. Which of the following fail to serve as “sponge”? A. Riverside parks. B. Ponds. C. Blue-green roofs. D. Culverts. 3. What can be inferred about the sponge city approach from the last paragraph? A. It uses boxing with nature. B. It works well without doubt. C. Its further function needs testing. D. It is sufficient for future flooding. 4. What’s the main idea of the text? A. How sponge cities could prevent floods. B. Why the concept of “sponge cities” was proposed. C. Why floods are becoming more and more common. D. How the natural approach combines with high-tech method. Passage 2 (2025届广东省汕头市高三下学期一模英语试题)At a crop breeding(培育) center in Shanghai, researchers have successfully harvested rice that was grown from seeds initially bred on China’s space station, Tiangong. The rice plants have completed a full growth cycle on Earth, maturing after more than 100 days since planting. This space-to-ground experiment began with 6 rice seeds sent into orbit in 2022 on the Wentian spacecraft. Taikonauts onboard Tiangong bred these seeds into 59, which they returned to Earth. Researchers then selected high-quality seeds, growing them under controlled climate conditions and producing around 10,000 new seeds. Zheng Huiqiong, a lead researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Center, shared that the team’s findings suggest space-bred seeds can reproduce effectively on Earth, suggesting potential for future space agriculture. Zheng highlighted that the space-bred rice possesses unique traits, such as a higher sugar content, with sugar levels estimated to be five to six times higher than standard rice. The space-bred rice also showed a slight increase in protein content. “That means space-bred rice tastes sweeter and has more energy,” she added. Space breeding, the method used in this experiment, exposes seeds to space radiation and microgravity, generating gene mutations(基因突变). These mutations are carefully assessed upon the seeds’ return to Earth, sometimes resulting in advantageous traits like shorter growth times, improved disease resistance, and higher output. Zhao Hui, an expert in China Academy of Space Technology, emphasized the safety of space-bred food, explaining that unlike genetically modified crops, space-bred seeds naturally mutate without introducing foreign genes. However, the space-bred rice has fewer leaves, which complicates close planting. Researchers are planning further studies to understand these leaf traits and explore possible genetic changes. The Tiangong rice experiment marked a milestone for crop science, as it was the first time that rice had completed a full life cycle — from seed germination (发芽) to reproduction — in orbit. 1. What can we know about the space-to-ground experiment? A. Seeds grown in orbit promise higher crop quality. B. Seeds bred in space were further grown successfully on Earth. C. New species of seeds grown in space have achieved great success. D. Climate conditions were controlled when seeds were sent into orbit. 2. What does the underlined words “traits” mean in paragraph 3? A. Materials. B. Arrangements. C. Disadvantages. D. Characteristics. 3. What does Zhao Hui stress about the space-bred rice? A. Its security. B. Its artificial process. C. Its nutrition. D. Its major shortcoming. 4. Which of the following is the best title? A. Organic Farming: High-quality Planting in Space B. Space Exploration: A Journey to the Space and Beyond C. New Planting Approach: Replacing the Traditional Farming D. Space-to-ground Cycle: Promising Future Space Agriculture Passage 3 (2025届广东省梅州市高三下学期2月质检测试英语试卷)By the end of this decade, countries and private companies might start mining the Moon. Now is the time to create the rules and regulations that will protect humanity’s shared future in space and ensure the Moon remains a symbol and inspiration for generations to come. This has started a new race to the Moon. Right now, all supplies for space exploration come from Earth, which makes things like water and fuel very expensive. By the time a single litre of water gets to the Moon, it costs more than gold. But if we can turn the water ice on the Moon into hydrogen and oxygen, we can refuel spacecraft there. This could make trips to farther places in space, like Mars, much easier. When we take things from the Moon, dust gets kicked up. Since the Moon has no atmosphere, the dust can go very far. The surface material is “space weathered” and not as bright as the material underneath. If we disturb the dust, some parts of the Moon might look brighter, while others might look duller. Managing the dust will be important for making sure mining is sustainable and doesn’t cause too much disruption. On the moon, you all wish you could find a job with good safety standards, fair pay, and reasonable hours. But you can’t. You are stuck in space. British astrobiologist Charles S. Cockell says this could lead to similar problems on the earth. Powerful people might be able to take advantage of workers who have nowhere else to go. There are some other possible dangers of starting Moon mining without thinking about the risks to workers. Working in low gravity can cause health problems. Lunar miners might have bone and muscle loss, kidney and heart damage, and weak immune systems. Besides, lunar miners will also be alone for a long time and face a lot of psychological stress. The Moon could be a great place for human exploration and a source of resources to help life on Earth and beyond. But we need to learn from history and avoid uncontrolled exploitation(开采). Before we start mining the Moon, we must make strong regulations that focus on fairness, safety, and human rights. 1. What is the main purpose of establishing rules and regulations for lunar mining? A. To ensure that lunar mining is profitable for private companies. B. To prevent any country from claiming ownership of the Moon. C. To facilitate the transportation of supplies from Earth to the Moon. D. To protect the shared future in space and preserve the Moon as a symbol of inspiration. 2. What is a potential benefit of turning water ice on the Moon into hydrogen and oxygen? A. It will rocket the cost of space exploration. B. It will create new jobs for people on Earth. C. It will make the Moon the second Earth. D. It will allow spacecraft to make deeper space travel easier. 3. What environmental challenge is mentioned in the article regarding lunar mining? A. The risk of running out of the Moon’s water ice reserves. B. The possibility of causing sandstorms and earthquakes on the Moon. C. The potential for lunar dust to travel far and change the Moon’s appearance. D. The threat of introducing Earth’s pollution to the Moon by the spaceships. 4. What can be inferred about the potential risks to lunar miners from the article? A. Lunar miners will face significant financial risks due to market fluctuations. B. There is a high risk of accidents due to the unfamiliar lunar environment. C. The lack of safety standards and isolation could cause health and mind issues. D. Miners will have limited access to advanced medical care in case of emergencies. Passage 4 (2025届河南省名校联盟高三第六次联考(一模)英语试题)The sun likes to remind us that Earth is merely one part of a joint system. Despite our connection with the sun, there are still numerous scientific mysteries to uncover about this critical star, particularly its magnetic field(磁场). Now, for the first time, scientists have taken nearly daily measurements of the sun’s coronal(日冕的) magnetic field and this observation offers a more dynamic view of this solar region. The solar magnetic field is the primary driver of solar storms and flares. As society grows increasingly reliant on technology, this space weather generates threats to power networks, communication systems, and in-space technologies like GPS and satellites. “Global mapping of the coronal magnetic field has been a big missing part in the study of the sun,” said Zihao Yang, a postdoctoral fellow from Peking University in China. “This research is helping us fill a crucial gap in our understanding of coronal magnetic fields, which are the source of the energy for storms that can impact Earth.” Scientists have been able to routinely measure the magnetic field on the sun’s surface. Large telescopes like the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST), which is the world’s largest solar telescope, can measure the three-dimensional coronal magnetic fields in depth. It recently demonstrated its ability to make detailed observations of the coronal magnetic field. However, DKIST can’t map the sun all at once. To try to get more overall mapping, the team turned to the Upgraded Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter (UCoMP). UCoMP can block out parts of the sun. It uses a dise called a coronagraph to enable scientists to measure the sun’s atmosphere. UCoMP has a much smaller aperture(光图) compared to DKIST, but it can take a wider view, which makes it possible for scientists to study the entire sun on most days. “We are entering a new age of solar physics research when we can routinely measure the coronal magnetic field,” said Yang. Using DKIST’s and UCoMP’s measurements together offers a more all-sided view of the coronal magnetic field. 1. What is the significance of the new observation of the sun’s coronal magnetic field? A. It reveals the source of the sun’s energy. B. It helps us fully understand the solar system. C. It enables us to predict solar storms accurately. D. It allows further insight into a certain solar region. 2. What does Zihao Yang think of the research? A. It’s well-received. B. It’s risk-free. C. It’s pioneering. D. It’s misleading. 3. What is the main advantage of UCoMP compared to DKIST? A. It provides a wider view of the sun. B. It has a larger aperture for higher-quality images. C. It can measure the sun’s magnetic field in greater depth. D. It can block out the sun’s light for better measurements. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. The importance of solar physics research. B. The comparison between DKIST and UCoMP. C. The sun’s magnetic field and its impact on Earth. D. The new progress in measuring the sun’s coronal magnetic field. Passage 5 (2025届河南省豫西北教研联盟(许洛平)高三一模)Plans are being drawn up for a lunar “Noah’s Ark” to help save endangered species from extinction. The coming biorepository, a storage facility for frozen samples, would house live samples from most animals in the world and serve as a save in case the species disappeared on Earth. It would likely be built at the north or south pole of the moon, where craters(陨石坑) create permanent shadow and a temperature of almost -200℃. Scientists from the Smithsonian, Harvard and other leading US institutions are working on how to obtain samples from at-risk biodiversity on Earth, freeze them and send them to the lunar surface for safekeeping. In a paper published in the journal BioScience, the academics say they have already begun creating a plan for space storage based on the starry goby, a bony fish. Potential difficulties include how the samples can be protected from the severity of space travel as well as the high radiation levels in space. Biorepositories such as the one on Svalbard in Norway are designed to be durable but may still conflict with earthly risks, the scientists warn, and having a shelter on the moon could provide a back-up plan that is uninfluenced to earthbound events. The constantly cold temperatures on the moon are ideal for a biorepository of cryopreserved(冷冻保存的) samples, the scientists say, as it would mean the system could be passive and not need a power supply. “Such a biorepository would safeguard biodiversity and act as a measure against its loss occurring because of natural disasters, climate change, over-population, resource depletion(枯竭), wars, socioeconomic threats and other causes on Earth,” the scientists write. “This is a decades-long programme,” the scientists write. “Protecting Earth’s life must be a top priority in the rush on the moon sites for industries and many types of science.” NASA is also interested in the south pole of the moon for the same permanently shadowed regions because they may also host ice and this could help establish a human possession on the moon. 1. What is the lunar “Noah’s Ark” actually? A. A territory. B. A storehouse. C. A burial field. D. A laboratory. 2. How do the bony fish appear in the project? A. As an emergency food. B. As an endangered species. C. As an easily stored fish. D. As an experimental article. 3. The moon is considered ideal for the project due to ________. A. sustained cold B. a lack of sunlight C. the best security D. lowered radiation 4. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Species on Earth are gradually increasing. B. The threats on the earth are under control. C. Scientists have high hopes for “Noah’s Ark”. D. “Noah’s Ark” is currently running smoothly. 高频话题03 人与自我—健康 Passage 1 (2025届湖南省常德市高三下学期一模英语试题)When Martin Roth began his career as a forest ranger in the 1980s, his job was to care for the forest in a way that would ensure continuity for decades, even centuries. Now, with climate change, it’s more about planning for an uncertain future. “It’s turned into disaster management,” says Roth, for whom the 3,000 acres of forest along the northeastern shore of Lake Constance in Germany act as testing ground for high-tech solutions, earning him the nickname “digital forest ranger” in the German forestry community. After a disastrous storm, the clock starts ticking: damaged trees need to be removed before the arrival of bark beetles(甲虫), which breed in dead trees and can go on to destroy entire forests. While it used to take Roth two and a half hours to cover an acre of forest on foot, drones(无人机) now let him survey the entire 3,000 acres in a matter of days, so he can quickly locate damaged trees, identify and inform the owners of affected plots, and send information to workers on the ground. His most recent project is combining body camera footage with AI. “Usually you mark the trees, they’re cut down, and you have no idea how much timber you’ll end up with-how many cubic meters, what quality, which tree species,” he explains. Now AI, “looking” through his body camera, automatically recognizes the tree species he has marked and estimates the amount of timber it will produce, sending the information to his phone in real time. Roth’s experience in tackling the challenges of modern forestry with technology is increasingly sought after-colleagues reach out for advice, and he lectures on digitalization in forestry at the Rottenburg University of Applied Forest Sciences. But he warns that technology can never replace a walk through the forest: “I should never believe that the digital twin is reality. I always have to do a reality check.” 1. What effect has climate change on Martin Roth’s work? A. It made his job focus on long-lasting forest continuity. B. It reduced the importance of traditional forestry skills. C. It required him to abandon technology-based methods. D. It shifted his role toward managing unexpected disasters. 2. How do drones help Roth after a disastrous storm? A. Kill bark beetles quickly. B. Assess forest damage efficiently. C. Predict the future climate change. D. Replace the work of ground workers. 3. What does Roth imply by mentioning “reality check” in the last paragraph? A. Digital tools must be tested in extreme weather. B. AI’s calculations are often unsafe and unreliable. C. Technology will soon make forest rangers unnecessary. D. Virtual models cannot fully replace on-site inspections. 4. What is the purpose of the text? A. To describe the life story of a German forest ranger. B. To warn about the dangers of climate change to forests. C. To introduce how technology transforms modern forestry. D. To criticize the overuse of drones in environmental protection. Passage 2 (2025届江西省高三3月一模联考英语试题)One discovery explorers a better way to manage mental stress. You’ve probably been advised to “think positive” when facing stressful or painful experiences, but a Swiss study suggests a more specific and beneficial strategy. Researchers instructed half of the participants to simply recall a positive event while the other half thought about a particular occasion when they solved a tough problem or completed a trying task. Both groups were asked to bring to mind an especially bad memory. The group that focused on a specific moment of success found this significantly less distressing than the group that recalled a more generally positive event, suggesting that thinking deeply about examples of your capabilities is a better way to boost your resilience(适应力). Another discovery shows videoconferencing has changed the way we interact. It actually enhances engagement through visual interaction, making meetings more dynamic and productive, but not always for the better. Even though some people tend to prefer in-person interactions, videoconferencing apps will remain in our lives. However, communicating this way sometimes leaves people feeling worn out, and a Stanford University paper has pinpointed some surprising reasons. Videoconferencing shows you close-up views of people’s faces, and everyone appears to be making long direct eye contact with you because they’re looking at their screens. During impersonal interactions, this kind of body language is usually reserved for either intimate(亲密的) relationships or conflict. Although your conscious mind knows it’s just a business meeting or a friendly chat, another part of you may still instinctively find those nonverbal signals uncomfortable. To reduce this source of mental stress, switch to audio-only mode for a while or simply shrink the application’s window so people’s heads don’t appear so large and close. Most videoconferencing software shows your own video feed, and it can be unhealthy to see your own face for such long stretches of time. That’s because seeing your image makes it hard to resist evaluating yourself, which is stressful and often lowers your mood. The fix for this one is simple: Once you make sure you’ve framed properly, hide the self-view window and instead focus on others in the meeting and the topic of discussion. 1. What should you do to address stress according to the first study? A. Thoroughly forget your bad memory. B. Simply recall a generally positive event. C. Think about finishing an extremely easy job. D. Reflect on your specific moments of success. 2. What is the author’s attitude to videoconferencing? A. Objective. B. Supportive. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. 3. Why are switching to audio-only mode and hiding the self-view window advised during videoconferencing? A. To prevent distractions from the meeting topic. B. To focus more on the eye contact and impersonal chat. C. To avoid feeling too close and too unfriendly to others. D. To reduce mental tension and self-evaluation respectively. 4. Which aspect do the two discoveries mainly involve? A. Psychology. B. Business. C. Administration. D. Philosophy. Passage 3 (2025·河南安阳·一模)Most of us use too much laundry detergent(洗涤剂), which can present all kinds of problems. Whatever amount of detergent you use, it must be completely rinsed(漂洗) away. There are so many variables. Generally, for a standard-size washing machine in areas with soft water, use 1 tablespoon of high-efficiency detergent per wash load. If you have hard water, use 2 tablespoons. Then there comes the question, “How do I know if my water is hard or soft?” Call your water company or go to its website to learn about the grains of hardness per liter in your local water supply. If the water quality is a little bit hard and you want precise control, use 1.5 tablespoons of high-efficiency detergent per load. Another important variable is the machine capacity. If it’s a super-size machine, you need to adjust the amount of detergent accordingly. Check the instructions for guidance. Also, you may need to use more or less detergent if you’re running a heavily soiled load or a very small load. Above all, the most important thing to consider when it comes to laundry detergent is whether or not the detergent gets completely rinsed away before that load of laundry is finished. The next time you do a load of wash, take a washcloth out of the dryer when it is finished and put it in a warm dish of water. If the water remains clean, it means you have not used too much detergent. If the water turns even slightly cloudy, it means all the detergent has not been removed and you’re using too much detergent. Finding the exact amount of laundry detergent you need based on the hardness of your water, the size of your washing machine and the size of the laundry load may take experimentation. But once you discover what’s right for you — and you are getting all that detergent out of the clothes, too — you’re going to be pleasantly surprised by the fantastic results. 1. How can one know the hardness of water in his area? A. By counting the grains in the water. B. By checking the water color. C. By communicating with neighbors. D. By consulting the water company. 2. What is the purpose of using a washcloth according to paragraph 6? A. To see whether the dryer works well. B. To show how to determine the load properly. C. To judge whether the laundry detergent is totally rinsed away. D. To prove water hardness influences how much water is used. 3. What conclusion can be drawn about laundry detergent? A. The more, the cleaner. B. More isn’t necessarily better. C. The users have the final say. D. Quality is more important than quantity. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. The Science of Laundry Detergent B. The Impact of Laundry Detergent on the Environment C. How to Figure Out the Right Amount of Laundry Detergent D. What to Take into Consideration When Choosing a Washing Machine Passage 4 (2025·山东菏泽东明区·一模) Why do We Yawn? Do you yawn(打哈欠) ? There are about 20 reasons that scientists think are possible for yawning after research. They do not know exactly why yawning happens, but they do know many facts about yawning. We know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. You take in a lot of air and then push it out. Then you quickly close your mouth. We also know that yawning is contagious. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too. Many people say they yawn because they are bored or tired. That might be true. People do often yawn before they sleep and after they wake up. However, we know that people also yawn when they are excited or nervous. Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a race. Why is that? In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down. Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly. When you yawn, you breathe deeply. You also stretch(强化) the muscles(肌肉) in your face, mouth, and neck. Your eardrums stretch, too. Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things. In some countries, people think yawning is not nice. People put their hands over their mouths to cover a yawn. In other countries, people think yawning is healthy. They think that opening the mouth very big can let good things in. When they breathe out, they think that bad things go out of the body with the air. Scientists do not spend much time studying yawning. That is probably because yawning does not hurt. It is just something we do. 1. What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Able to spread quickly. B. Able to breathe easily. C. Able to change easily. 2. Why do Olympic runners often yawn before a race? A. They are too tired or too bored. B. A yawn can let good things in. C. A yawn can help a warm brain cool down. 3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 5? A. Different ideas about yawning. B. The good of yawning. C. The bad of yawning. 4. What would be the best structure of the passage? A. B. C. 26 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解(说明文)(二) 高频话题01 人与自我—食物与饮料 Passage 1 (2025届河北省秦皇岛市昌黎第一中学高三下学期“赢在百日”第一次模拟)Many people enjoy chocolate. However, recent reports have emphasized that chocolate production poses environmental and nutritional concerns. As a result, Swiss experts discovered new methods and recipes to create chocolate that is considered healthier and sustainable. In a study, researchers raised concerns about chocolates’ impacts on health. Additionally, chocolate production can impact land use and increase global warming. Finding sustainable ways to create chocolates will be significant to the environment and offer potential socio-economic benefits to farmers. The latest June report revealed that Swiss scientists have discovered new ways to produce healthier and more sustainable chocolate. The traditional sugar in chocolates is replaced by cocoa pod’s waste plant matter. Sustainable chocolate recipe uses mashed pulp(浆状物) and husk(外皮) of the cocoa pod instead of beans. Unlike the usual chocolate, the researchers noted nutritional improvement. Another aspect of the report is environmental benefits. Conventional methods can damage land and use excessive water. The new method reduces water and land usage by 6%. Additionally, it can potentially reduce emissions by utilizing solar drying methods. For farmers who have struggled against climate change and dry conditions, the study highlights that it has a local economic impact. This can drive a new revenue stream(收入来源) for local farmers, particularly for areas where cocoa is grown. While the chocolate uses a new recipe, the result explains that it is identical to other traditional dark chocolate in terms of taste and texture. Additionally, the report emphasized that there is still a need for a pilot study (试点研究) . According to a report, people who consume these chocolates can notice slight differences in flavor and sweetness. The chocolate industry is considered a $100 billion industry. Although chocolates may taste delicious, they contribute more to pollution and waste. Adopting sustainable chocolates can potentially make a significant impact on the environment amidst growing concerns about climate change and habitat warming. Recent findings showed that 70% of cocoa beans are found in West Africa, and there is an increasing demand for cocoa globally. However, Africa has been at risk of climate effects, causing frequent droughts and high temperatures. As cocoa demand soars(猛增), deforestation can likely become more widespread, which could exacerbate climate change. As a result, offering environment-friendly and sustainable ways to produce chocolates is crucial. 1. What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A. Chocolate production costs too much natural resources. B. Chocolate production has impacts on health and environment. C. Chocolate production can increase income for local farmers. D. Chocolate production has been greatly improved so far. 2. What is the author’s attitude towards the new ways of producing chocolates? A. Satisfied. B. Uncertain. C. Objective. D. Subjective. 3. What can we infer about the new recipe for chocolates? A. It does great harm to the environment. B. It costs too much water. C. It doesn’t taste good enough. D. It is still not so perfect so far. 4. What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in the last paragraph mean? A. Promote. B. Extend. C. Worsen. D. Relieve. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了巧克力对健康和环境的影响，以及提出了生产巧克力的方法。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, recent reports have emphasized that chocolate production poses environmental and nutritional concerns.( 然而，最近的报告强调，巧克力生产带来了环境和营养问题。)”以及第二段中“In a study, researchers raised concerns about chocolates’ impacts on health. Additionally, chocolate production can impact land use and increase global warming.( 在一项研究中，研究人员提出了巧克力对健康影响的担忧。此外，巧克力生产会影响土地使用，加剧全球变暖。)”可知，巧克力生产对健康和环境都有影响。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The latest June report revealed that Swiss scientists have discovered new ways to produce healthier and more sustainable chocolate.( 6月份的最新报告显示，瑞士科学家发现了生产更健康、更可持续的巧克力的新方法。)”以及第六段中“While the chocolate uses a new recipe, the result explains that it is identical to other traditional dark chocolate in terms of taste and texture. Additionally, the report emphasized that there is still a need for a pilot study (试点研究) . According to a report, people who consume these chocolates can notice slight differences in flavor and sweetness.( 虽然巧克力采用了新配方，但结果表明，它在味道和质地上与其他传统黑巧克力完全相同。此外，该报告强调，仍有必要进行初步研究。根据一份报告，食用这些巧克力的人可以注意到味道和甜度的细微差异。)”可知，作者在文中既提到了巧克力生产存在的问题，也介绍了瑞士科学家发现的新的更健康、更可持续的巧克力生产方法的优点和不足(如还需要试点研究，人们能注意到味道和甜度的细微差异等)，没有明显的褒贬倾向，只是客观地阐述事实，所以作者的态度是客观的。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Additionally, the report emphasized that there is still a need for a pilot study (试点研究) . According to a report, people who consume these chocolates can notice slight differences in flavor and sweetness.( 此外，该报告强调，仍有必要进行初步研究。根据一份报告，食用这些巧克力的人可以注意到味道和甜度的细微差异。)”可知，新的巧克力配方还需要进行试点研究，并且人们能注意到味道和甜度的细微差异，说明到目前为止它还不是很完美。故选D项。 4. 词义猜测题。根据划线单词中“As cocoa demand soars (猛增), deforestation can likely become more widespread…(随着可可需求的飙升，森林砍伐可能会变得更加普遍……)”以及后一句“As a result, offering environment-friendly and sustainable ways to produce chocolates is crucial.( 因此，提供环保和可持续的巧克力生产方式至关重要。)”可知，随着可可需求猛增，森林砍伐可能会更广泛，这会对气候变化产生影响。结合常识，森林砍伐会导致环境恶化，进而使气候变化更严重，所以“exacerbate”意思是“使恶化；加剧”，与 C选项 “Worsen.( 恶化)”意思相近。故选C项。 Passage 2 (2025届江西省南昌市高三下学期第一次模拟测试英语试题)For thousands of years, people have changed food to please their sense of taste. More than 3, 000years ago Mesoamericans, living in what is Mexico and Central America today, cooked com kernels(玉米粒) in a solution of wood ash or limestone. The process unlocked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn, making it easier to chew. With the invention of canned goods in the 19th century, the industrial-scale transformation of food became possible. According to the UN, the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20% between 1961 and 2021, to 3, 500 kilocalories. In that time, obesity rates have more than tripled; today, nearly one in three people globally is obese or overweight. Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing used to cook up cheap, tasty snacks may itself be harmful. A parțicular target is “ultra-processed foods” (UPFs), heavily processed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles. At the heart of the debate is a question: are UPFs unhealthy because their nutritional content is poor, or does the processing somehow pose risks in itself? At the turn of the 21st century some scientists noticed that people in Brazil were buying less sugar and oil than in the past. Yet rates of obesity were still rising. This unintentionally occurred with the growing popularity of packaged desserts and ready-made meals. By now numerous studies have shown that people who consume diets high in UPFs tend to have more health problems. But a recent analysis by Samuel Dicken and Rachel Batterham at University College London reviewed 37 studies and found that even after adjusting for fat, sugar and salt UPFs were still strongly linked to poor health. That suggests there is more to their harm than just a poor nutrient profile. Where those harms come from is still unclear, however. With so many influential causes that could also explain poor health — such as income and education — observational studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers. Arne Astrup, a Danish researcher, argues that evidently most of the studies that make statistical adjustments to try to isolate(分离) the effects of processing are “not good enough”. 1. Why did Mesoamericans process corn kernels? A. To ensure better consumption. B. To enable easy handling. C. To discover new solutions. D. To facilitate safe storage. 2. What do the data in paragraph 2 show? A. The history of food industry. B. The benefits of preserved food. C. The results of food mass production. D. The development of food processing. 3. What can be inferred about ultra-processed foods? A. Their popularity is in decline. B. Their presence changes Brazilians’ diet. C. Their nutrients can make up for their risks. D. Their processing methods arouse concerns. 4. Why do observational studies fail to determine the effects of UPFs? A. Many factors affect the results. B. The related statistics are inaccurate. C. The studies lack enough evidence. D. The causes of harm remain unknown. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数千年来人类不断加工食物以满足口味需求，19 世纪食品工业化后，食物供应增加但肥胖率飙升。如今超加工食品因加工方式引发担忧，虽与健康问题相关，但其危害根源受多种因素干扰仍未明确 。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The process unlocked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn, making it easier to chew.(这个过程释放出营养物质，软化了玉米坚硬的外壳，使其更容易咀嚼。)”可知，中美洲人加工玉米粒是为了让其更易于食用。故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“With the invention of canned goods in the 19th century, the industrial-scale transformation of food became possible. According to the UN, the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20% between 1961 and 2021, to 3,500 kilocalories. In that time, obesity rates have more than tripled; today, nearly one in three people globally is obese or overweight.(19 世纪罐头食品的发明使食品的工业规模转型成为可能。据联合国统计，1961 年至 2021 年间，富裕国家人均每日可获得的食物供应量增加了20% 以上，达到3500千卡。在这段时间里，肥胖率增加了两倍多；如今，全球近三分之一的人肥胖或超重。)”可知，这些数据展示了食品大规模生产带来的结果，包括食物供应增加以及肥胖率上升等情况。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing used to cook up cheap, tasty snacks may itself be harmful. A particular target is ‘ultra - processed foods’(UPFs), heavily processed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles.(现在，人们越来越担心，用于制作廉价美味零食的深加工本身可能有害。一个特别的目标是‘超加工食品’(UPFs)，像冰淇淋或方便面这样的深加工食品。)”可知，超加工食品的加工方式引发了担忧。故选D项。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“With so many influential causes that could also explain poor health — such as income and education — observational studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers.(有这么多有影响力的原因也可以解释健康状况不佳——比如收入和教育——单靠观察性研究无法提供结论性的答案。)”可知，许多因素会影响结果，所以仅仅是观察性研究无法确定超加工食品的影响。故选A项。 Passage 3 (2025届江西省高三下学期2月一模考试英语试题)On the crowded supermarket shelves, food products with carefully designed packaging and labels draw attention. Some 72% of American consumers say that product packaging influences their purchase decisions — a statistic not lost on food manufacturers(生产商). Louis Biscotti, the National Leader for Food & Beverage Services Group at Marcum, writes in Forbes that when the FDA updated its nutrition facts label for packaged foods in 2020, food companies found they could use those labels on their packaging to provide nutritional and other data to boost sales. He adds that 30% of U. S. consumers surveyed are more likely to buy products with sustainable credentials(认证)and that “clean label” characteristics can win over consumers. Labeling can be very helpful when determining certain things about a food item. “USDA Organic”, “free of preservatives” and “raised without antibiotics”, for example, have specific standards, and the product will need to be true to those claims. However, a new report takes a look at the “natural” claims on food packaging and the result is eye-opening. “Food suppliers use the label that claims the food is ‘natural’ at a relatively low cost because regulatory agencies treat the claim as meaning nothing artificial was added and the product was minimally processed,” the authors explain. “Natural” claims like “all natural”, “100% natural” and “made with natural ingredients” are not defined in regulations. “Neither the FDA’s nor USDA’s policy decisions address the health benefits or crop production methods consumers might assign to natural-labeled foods,” write the authors. However, many people think a product labeled “natural” delivers benefits far beyond what it does. At first, it might simply seem upsetting that food manufacturers are capitalizing on consumers’ innocence to boost prices and that consumers aren’t getting what they think they’re getting. But the more serious problem is how this harms food producers who are actually meeting the standards for stricter labels that are actually doing good, like ones around organic practices or animal welfare. Farmers and producers doing the work end up at a competitive disadvantage in the marketplace if consumers treat foods labeled “natural” as alike. 1. How do food companies try to attract consumers according to the text? A. By increasing food nutrition. B. By cutting the number of labels. C. By taking advantage of packaging. D. By selling food products at a discount. 2. What do the underlined words “the product” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. A preservative claimed to be harmless. B. A “clean” label with specific standards. C. A kind of unpopular but healthy food. D. A food item with claims on the label. 3. What does the new report find about the “natural” claims on food packaging? A. They are unrelated to food processing. B. They reveal the good effects of food. C. They don’t guarantee health benefits. D. They involve crop production methods. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Food manufacturers’ novel sales strategies. B. The impact of consumers’ misconceptions. C. The well-accepted standard for stricter labels. D. Victims of unhealthy food in the marketplace. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了消费者在购买食品时往往会注重包装，尤其是标签声明。然而，这也可能导致消费者掉入一种消费陷阱，从而引发不良后果。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Some 72% of American consumers say that product packaging influences their purchase decisions — a statistic not lost on food manufacturers (生产商).(大约72%的美国消费者表示，产品包装会影响他们的购买决定——这一数据并未被食品生产商忽视)”及第二段“… food companies found they could use those labels on their packaging to provide nutritional and other data to boost sales.(……食品公司发现，他们可以在包装上使用这些标签来提供营养信息和其他数据，以促进销售)”可知，食品公司利用包装吸引消费者。故选C。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Labeling can be very helpful when determining certain things about a food item. ‘USDA Organic’, ‘free of preservatives’ and ‘raised without antibiotics’, for example, have specific standards, and the product will need to be true to those claims.(在确定食品的某些情况时，标签会非常有帮助。例如，‘USDA有机’、‘不含防腐剂’和‘无抗生素饲养’等标签都有具体的标准，该产品需要符合这些声明)”可知，the product指的是标签上有声明的食品。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Natural’ claims like ‘all natural’, ‘100% natural’ and ‘made with natural ingredients’ are not defined in regulations.(‘天然’、‘100%天然’和‘采用天然成分制成’等声明在法规中并没有定义)”和“However, many people think a product labeled ‘natural’ delivers benefits far beyond what it does.(然而，许多人认为标有‘天然’的产品所带来的好处远远超出了其实际所带来的好处)”可知，新报告发现食品包装上的“天然”声明不能保证健康益处。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“At first, it might simply seem upsetting that food manufacturers are capitalizing on consumers’ innocence to boost prices and that consumers aren’t getting what they think they’re getting. But the more serious problem is how this harms food producers who are actually meeting the standards for stricter labels that are actually doing good, like ones around organic practices or animal welfare. Farmers and producers doing the work end up at a competitive disadvantage in the marketplace if consumers treat foods labeled “natural” as alike.(起初，食品制造商利用消费者的无知来提高价格，而消费者却没有得到他们认为应得的产品，这可能只是让人感到不安。但更严重的问题是，这种做法如何伤害了那些真正符合更严格标签标准、真正在做好事的食品生产者，比如那些遵循有机种植或动物福利标准的生产者。如果消费者认为标有“天然”的食品都大同小异，那么那些真正付出努力的农民和生产者在市场上就会处于竞争劣势)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是消费者误解“天然”标签的含义，这对真正符合更严格标签标准的食品生产者造成了不利影响。故选B。 Passage 4 (2025届河南省五市高三下学期第一次联考英语试题)What if everything happens for a reason? Burnt toast theory, a modern view on this classic idea, suggests that every little inconvenience we experience in our day-to-day lives happens for a bigger reason. Imagine you accidentally burn your toast before leaving for work. According to burnt toast theory, this tiny inconvenience can cause a domino effect(多米诺效应). Your morning gets delayed by three to five minutes—just enough time to leave the house later than usual and avoid a potential car accident. Or perhaps you catch a later train, missing an awkward encounter with someone you don’t intend to see. You might even meet someone new whom you wouldn’t have otherwise met, leading to a friendship or romantic connection. When we feel like things are outside our control, that can be scary. The burnt toast theory can help some people let go of their need for control and take negative situations more positively. However, while maintaining a positive mindset can be beneficial, over-optimism can lead to “poisonous positivity”. When we only allow ourselves to focus on positive thoughts, we are denying ourselves the chance to properly deal with challenges and difficult situations to better ourselves, focusing on creating a false positive façade (假象) instead. By constantly avoiding negative experiences, we might ignore their real impact on us and fail to acknowledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel worse about ourselves, and may lead to pushing down negative feelings or experiences, and refusing to acknowledge or deal with them fully. Instead of focusing purely on positive thinking, working towards developing a growth mindset may be more helpful. You don’t always have to look for life’s silver linings, or even the meaning behind a little burnt toast. Sometimes things happen, and they suck. But as long as we take time to acknowledge how these things make us feel, and recognize that we can’t always control everything around us, we can still work towards improving ourselves, and how we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters. 1. What can be inferred from the burnt toast theory? A. Life is a process, not destination. B. Lost in the east, gained in the west. C. Life is full of endless challenges. D. Lost time will never be found again. 2. Which can be an outcome from “poisonous positivity”? A. Loss of chances to grow. B. Failure to acknowledge others. C. Inability to control emotions. D. Decline in physical health. 3. Which can be seen as a growth mindset mentioned in the last paragraph? A. Finding reasons for failure. B. Avoiding pushing others too hard. C. Accepting life and making it better. D. Keeping a positive mindset and working hard. 4. Which is the best possible title for the text? A. Bum Toast Theory: Find a True Self B. Bum Toast Theory: Lead a Positive Life C. Burn Toast Theory: More than Positivity D. Burn Toast Theory: How to Live Actively 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了烤焦面包理论及其相关思考，指出相较于单纯积极思考，培养成长型思维模式更有益，要正视事情带来的感受，认识到无法掌控一切，努力提升应对意外挑战的能力。 1. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Imagine you accidentally burn your toast before leaving for work. According to burnt toast theory, this tiny inconvenience can cause a domino effect(多米诺效应). Your morning gets delayed by three to five minutes—just enough time to leave the house later than usual and avoid a potential car accident. Or perhaps you catch a later train, missing an awkward encounter with someone you don’t intend to see. You might even meet someone new whom you wouldn’t have otherwise met, leading to a friendship or romantic connection.(想象一下，在你上班前不小心把面包烤焦了。根据烤焦面包理论，这个小小的不便可能会引发多米诺效应。你的早晨会因此延迟三到五分钟——而这恰好让你比平常晚些出门，从而避开了一场可能发生的车祸。又或者，你会搭乘晚一班的火车，错过与某个你不想见到的人的尴尬碰面。你甚至可能会结识一个原本不会认识的新朋友，进而发展出一段友谊或浪漫的关系。)”可知，根据烤焦面包理论，比如不小心烤焦面包这种看似不好的小事情，可能会引发一系列连锁反应，带来意想不到的好结果，像避开一场潜在的车祸、错过不想见的人或者结识新朋友等。这体现了“失之东隅，收之桑榆”的道理，即虽然在一方面有所损失，却在另一方面有所收获。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“When we only allow ourselves to focus on positive thoughts, we are denying ourselves the chance to properly deal with challenges and difficult situations to better ourselves, focusing on creating a false positive facade(假象)instead. By constantly avoiding negative experiences, we might ignore their real impact on us and fail to acknowledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel worse about ourselves, and may lead to pushing down negative feelings or experiences, and refusing to acknowledge or deal with them fully.(当我们只允许自己关注积极想法时，我们其实是在剥夺自己妥善应对挑战和困境、让自己变得更好的机会，取而代之的是专注于营造一种虚假的积极表象。通过不断地回避负面经历，我们可能会忽视它们对我们产生的真正影响，并且在自己陷入挣扎时也无法察觉。这会让我们对自己感觉更糟糕，还可能导致我们压抑负面情绪或经历，拒绝全面地认识和处理它们。)”可知，当陷入“有毒的积极心态”时，我们只关注积极想法，会剥夺自己妥善应对挑战和困境、让自己变得更好的机会，专注于营造一种虚假的积极表象。由此可知，“有毒的积极心态”可能导致的结果是失去成长的机会。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Instead of focusing purely on positive thinking, working towards developing a growth mindset may be more helpful. You don’t always have to look for life’s silver linings, or even the meaning behind a little burnt toast. Sometimes things happen, and they suck. But as long as we take time to acknowledge how these things make us feel, and recognize that we can’t always control everything around us, we can still work towards improving ourselves, and how we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters.(与其单纯地专注于积极思考，努力培养一种成长型思维模式或许会更有帮助。你并非总是需要去寻找生活中的一线希望，甚至是一片烤焦面包背后的意义。有时候事情就是发生了，而且很糟糕。但只要我们花时间去正视这些事情给我们带来的感受，并且认识到我们无法总是掌控身边的一切，我们仍然能够努力提升自己，改进我们应对生活中意外挑战的方式——而这才是真正重要的。)”可知，培养成长型思维模式不是单纯地专注于积极思考，不必总是去寻找生活中的积极面，当事情糟糕时，我们要正视这些事情带给我们的感受，认识到我们无法控制周围的一切，并且努力提升自己以及处理生活中意外挑战的能力。由此可知，最后一段提到的成长型思维模式的是接受生活并让它变得更好。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇引入烤焦面包理论，即生活中的小不便背后有更大原因，接着阐述该理论能帮助人们以更积极的态度看待负面情况，随后指出过度乐观导致的 “有毒的积极心态” 的危害，强调不能单纯专注于积极思考，最后提出培养成长型思维模式更有益，要正视生活中的各种情况并努力提升应对能力。选项C“Burn Toast Theory: More than Positivity(烤焦面包理论：不仅仅是积极心态)”既包含了烤焦面包理论能带来积极看待事情的一面，又指出了不能仅仅局限于积极心态，还需要应对生活中的各种情况，培养成长型思维，全面地概括了文章的主旨。故选C。 Passage 5 (2025·山东济南莱芜区·一模)Have you ever visited a bakery (烘焙坊) for a sweet treat? And have you ever wondered what happens to the unsold bread? Lately, this topic has brought a wide discussion on the internet. Bread has a short sell-by date, because it is usually kept at room temperature. “Freshly baked bread can only be kept for 24 hours, while packaged(包装好的) bread lasts 3 days.” said a bakery manager in Jiangxi Province. To solve this problem, some bakeries sell the near-expired(临期的) bread at a lower price. But others would rather throw it way. “If we start furthering discounts, we are afraid that many customers will just wait for the discounted bread”, said a bakery owner, “This will hurt our daytime sales.” Can bakeries reduce the production to cut down on waste? A bakery manager explained, “A shelf full of bread catches the eye. This will make people want to buy more bread.” Most bakeries don’t want to cut back on the bread types, either. “People prefer freshness, so we need to keep introducing new types,” said Lu Liang, a bakery owner in Shanxi Province. What can bakeries do with near-expired bread? According to a baking teacher, bakeries can donate it to people in need. And the expired bread can be sent to recycling companies and turned into food for animals. In addition, some bakeries sell near-expired bread through “blind boxes”. At a bakery in Shanghai, for example, there is a blind box sale from 8 p. m. to 9 p. m. every day. People can get a random type of near-expired bread at a low price. “It's great because it reduces food waste,” said one customer. “And the blind box always gives me some fun!” 1. How does the writer begin the passage? A. By asking questions. B. By stating facts. C. By listing numbers. D. By giving reasons. 2. How long can we keep packaged bread? A. 8 hours. B. 24 hours. C. 3 days. D. 9 days. 3. What might happen if a bakery reduces the kinds of bread types? A. There will be less waste in bakeries. B. Customers will lose interest in buying. C. The bakery will save more money. D. The bakery will draw new customers. 4. How do customers feel with “blind boxes” according to the text? A. Familiar. B. Upset. C. Scared. D. Pleased. 5. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. How to deal with the unsold bread? B. Where to buy more fresh bread? C. Why is it hard to sell packaged bread? D. What is needed to sell bread well? 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了烘焙坊如何处理未售出的面包，包括降价销售、捐赠、回收以及通过“盲盒”销售等方式，并探讨了减少面包种类可能带来的影响。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章开头“Have you ever visited a bakery (烘焙坊) for a sweet treat? And have you ever wondered what happens to the unsold bread?”可知，作者通过提问的方式开始这篇文章，引导读者思考未售出面包的处理问题。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Freshly baked bread can only be kept for 24 hours, while packaged (包装好的) bread lasts 3 days.”可知，包装好的面包可以保存3天。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“A shelf full of bread catches the eye. This will make people want to buy more bread.”以及“People prefer freshness, so we need to keep introducing new types”可知，面包店认为满架的面包会吸引顾客购买更多，而且人们喜欢新鲜，所以需要不断推出新品种。因此，如果面包店减少面包种类，可能会导致顾客失去购买兴趣。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘It’s great because it reduces food waste,’ said one customer. ‘And the blind box always gives me some fun!’”可知，顾客认为“盲盒”很好，因为它减少了食物浪费，而且总是能给他们带来一些乐趣。因此，顾客对“盲盒”感到满意。故选D。 5. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了烘焙坊如何处理未售出的面包，包括降价销售、捐赠、回收以及通过“盲盒”销售等方式。因此，最适合的标题是“如何处理未售出的面包？”。故选A。 高频话题02 人与自我—语言与文化与学校生活 Passage 1 (2025届江苏省苏锡常镇高三下学期一模考试英语试题)Nadine Grimm’s A Grammar of Gyeli opens with a moving quote honoring ancestors: “For our ancestors who have left us - may we keep their wisdom.” This sets the tone for her study of the Gyeli language in Ngòló, a small village in southern Cameroon, rich in culture and hidden knowledge. In her prize-winning work, Grimm displays the essence of the Gyeli language, spoken by the Bagyeli people, who are sometimes called “Pygmies.” The grammatical description, which is presented in a form-to-function approach, covers all levels of language, ranging from Gyeli speech sounds to its information structure and complex sentences. Her path to studying African languages began by chance during her Bachelor’s degree in General Linguistics and French. She had an unexpected opportunity to work with a professor in Nigeria, which led to her first African language conference and started her interest in African languages. Grimm’s research includes deep fieldwork, such as recording conversations and joining in everyday activities with the Bagyeli. At first, she used assistants to communicate due to language barriers, but as her understanding grew, she began talking directly with the speakers. This method differs from traditional ones, focusing on real language use rather than simple word-for-word translations. The importance of reference grammars like Grimm’s becomes clear in light of the global problem of disappearing languages. With 50-90% of the world’s languages at risk, documenting languages like Gyeli is essential. “When languages die, we lose entire knowledge systems,” Grimm says. Her work not only records the Gyeli language but also adds to the understanding of endangered Bantu languages in general. It represents one of the most comprehensive descriptions of a northwestern Bantu language. For her efforts, Grimm was awarded the 2023 Bloomfield Book Award from the Linguistic Society of America. A single Bloomfield Book award is made annually to recognize “a volume that makes an outstanding contribution of long-term value to the understanding of language and linguistics.” Grimm’s work was praised for adding audio and video recordings that improve reliability in language research. 1. Why did Grimm write A Grammar of Gyeli? A. To keep a knowledge system. B. To honor her ancestors. C. To record the tone of Gyeli. D. To satisfy her interest in languages. 2. What do we know about the Gyeli language? A. It is endangered. B. It is simple in structure. C. It has to be studied in a form-to-function approach. D. It functions differently from other Bantu languages. 3. Why does the author mention Bantu languages? A. To highlight their importance. B. To illustrate the problem of disappearing languages. C. To emphasize the urgency of protecting them. D. To demonstrate the value of Grimm’s study. 4. What contributed most to the success of Grimm’s research? A. Her work with a professor in Nigeria. B. Her ability in learning a new language. C. Her relationship with the Bagyeli people. D. Her unique and reliable research method. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了Nadine Grimm对Gyeli语言的研究及其重要性。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Nadine Grimm’s A Grammar of Gyeli opens with a moving quote honoring ancestors: “For our ancestors who have left us - may we keep their wisdom.” (Nadine Grimm的A Grammar of Gyeli以一段纪念祖先的感人语录开场：“为了离开我们的祖先——愿我们保留他们的智慧。”)”可知，Grimm写A Grammar of Gyeli是为了保持一个知识体系。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The importance of reference grammars like Grimm’s becomes clear in light of the global problem of disappearing languages. With 50-90% of the world’s languages at risk, documenting languages like Gyeli is essential. (鉴于全球语言消亡这一严峻问题，Grimm等参考语法著作的重要性便显而易见。全球有50%至90%的语言面临消亡风险，因此，记录诸如Gyeli这样的语言至关重要。)”可知，Gyeli语是濒临灭绝的，故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Her work not only records the Gyeli language but also adds to the understanding of endangered Bantu languages in general. It represents one of the most comprehensive descriptions of a northwestern Bantu language. (她的工作不仅记录了Gyeli语，还增进了人们对濒危Bantu语整体的理解。这代表了对西北Bantu语最全面的描述之一。)”可知，作者提到Bantu语是为了证明Grimm的研究的价值。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Grimm’s work was praised for adding audio and video recordings that improve reliability in language research. (Grimm的工作因增加了音频和视频记录而受到赞扬，这些记录提高了语言研究的可靠性。)”可知，她独特而可靠的研究方法促成了她研究的成功。故选D。 Passage 2 (2025届安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三上学期第一次质量检测英语试题)There’s a name for that feeling you get after spending too long scrolling aimlessly, and Oxford University Press (OUP) has chosen it as its word for the year for 2024. “Brain rot” took the title in a vote in which more than 37, 000 people participated, as well as public commentary and analysis of OUP’s language data. In a statement released Monday, OUP, which publishes the Oxford English Dictionary, defined “brain rot” as the supposed decline in a person‘s mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of over-consumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be shallow or unchallenging. While the use of “brain rot” rose 230% this year, it was actually first introduced more than a century ago. According to OUP, it was first used by author Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden as he criticized society’s tendency to devalue complicated ideas in favour of simple ones. All these years later, it seems brain rot is well and truly established. The term has gained attention over the past year, however, especially as worries grow about the impact of over-consuming low-quality content online. Earlier this year, a behavioral healthcare provider in the United States began offering treatment for brain rot, describing it as a condition of confusion, tiredness, lack of focus, and weakened mental ability. The healthcare company cited endless scrolling and social media addiction as examples of brain rot behavior, which could be prevented by setting limits on screen time or doing a digital cleansing. “ ‘Brain rot’ speaks to one of the perceived dangers of virtual life, and how we are using our free time, ” said Casper Grathwohl, president of Oxford Languages. “I also find it fascinating that the word ‘brain rot’ has been adopted by Gen Z and Gen Alpha. These communities have promoted the expression through social media channels, the very place said to cause ‘brain rot’, ” he added. “It demonstrates a somewhat humorous self-awareness in the younger generations about the harmful impact of the social media that they’ve received. ” 1. What does “brain rot” refer to according to Oxford University Press? A. A headache caused by too much screen time. B. Mental decline from meaningless viewing. C. Low-quality online information. D. Addiction to social media. 2. Why did Thoreau use the term “brain rot” in his writing? A. To warn people about overusing the Internet. B. To encourage readers to watch shallow content. C. To challenge society’s preference for simple ideas. D. To praise mental health advancements of his time. 3. What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A. Brain rot is caused by social media and can be treated. B. Social media causes most mental health issues. C. Screen time has no impact on mental health. D. Brain rot is not a real mental condition. 4. Why does Casper Grathwohl describe the younger generation as humorous? A. Because they openly laugh at the mental state of older generations. B. Because they treat low-quality online content purely as entertainment. C. Because they completely avoid discussing brain rot and see it as a joke. D. Because they admit the harm of social media with self-critical humor. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。牛津大学出版社将“脑腐”选为2024年年度词汇。文章介绍了脑腐产生的原因和治疗方式等。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“In a statement released Monday, OUP, which publishes the Oxford English Dictionary, defined “brain rot” as the supposed decline in a person's mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of over-consumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be shallow or unchallenging.(在周一发布的一份声明中，出版《牛津英语词典》的OUP将“脑腐”定义为一个人精神或智力状态的衰退，尤其是被认为是过度消费被认为肤浅或缺乏挑战性的材料(现在尤其是在线内容)的结果。)”可知，根据牛津大学出版社的说法，“脑腐”指的是无意义的观看导致的智力衰退。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“According to OUP, it was first used by author Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden as he criticized society's tendency to devalue complicated ideas in favour of simple ones.(根据OUP的说法，作家亨利·大卫·梭罗在他的著作《瓦尔登湖》中首次使用了这个词，他批评了社会倾向于贬低复杂的想法，而倾向于简单的想法。)”可知，梭罗在他的作品中使用“脑腐”这个词是为了挑战社会对简单思想的偏好。故选C项。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容“Earlier this year, a behavioral healthcare provider in the United States began offering treatment for brain rot, describing it as a condition of confusion, tiredness, lack of focus, and weakened mental ability. The healthcare company cited endless scrolling and social media addiction as examples of brain rot behavior, which could be prevented by setting limits on screen time or doing a digital cleansing.(今年早些时候，美国一家行为保健机构开始为脑腐提供治疗，将其描述为一种混乱、疲劳、注意力不集中和心智能力减弱的状态。这家医疗保健公司将无休止的滚动和社交媒体成瘾作为大脑腐行为的例子，可以通过限制屏幕时间或进行数字净化来预防。)”可知，该段主要是说脑腐是由社交媒体引起的，是可以治疗的。故选A项。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子““I also find it fascinating that the word ‘brain rot’ has been adopted by Gen Z and Gen Alpha. These communities have promoted the expression through social media channels, the very place said to cause ‘brain rot’, ” he added. “It demonstrates a somewhat humorous self-awareness in the younger generations about the harmful impact of the social media that they've received. ”(“我还发现，‘脑腐’这个词被Z世代和Alpha世代所采用，这也很有趣。这些社区通过社交媒体渠道推广这种表达方式，而社交媒体渠道恰恰被认为会导致‘脑腐’。”他补充道。“这表明年轻一代对社交媒体的有害影响有一种有点幽默的自我意识。”)”可知，卡斯珀·格拉斯沃将年轻一代描述为幽默是因为他们以自我批判的幽默承认社交媒体的危害。故选D项。 Passage 3 (2025届山东省济南市高三下学期一模英语试题)It’s a classic complaint in relationships, especially romantic ones: “She said she was okay with me forgetting her birthday! Then why is she throwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the two things related? ” The answer is YES. Communication is more than words. It’s how those words are said, the tone, the order, even the choice of a particular word. It’s multi-dimensional, as explored by Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber in Meaning and Relevance. Consider the following example: Peter got angry and Mary left; Mary left and Peter got angry. Though identical in words, their meanings differ completely. The first one may have us thinking: Wow, Peter must get angry often if Mary leaves. The second sentence suggests that Peter wants more from Mary. Same words — a totally different context. Human language is not a code(编码). True codes have a one-to-one relationship with meaning. One sound, one definition. This is what we see with animals. Wilson and Sperber explain that “coded communication works best when emitter(发出者) and receiver share exactly the same code. ” Not so for humans. We communicate more than the definitions of our words would suggest. This is inferential communication, and it means that we understand not only the words spoken, but the context in which they are spoken. . Irony(反语) is a great example of how powerfully we can communicate context with a few simple words. It is more than just stating the opposite. For example, when Mary says, after a boring party, “That was fun”, she is neither saying literally that the party was fun nor saying “ironically” that the party was boring. Rather, she is expressing an emotion. Three words replace paragraphs, showcasing language’s efficiency. Wilson and Sperber concluded that human language developed and became so powerful because of two unique abilities of humans: language and the power to try to interpret mental states of others. We look for context for the words we hear. And we should be very good at absorbing this context to infer meaning. 1. What does the complaint in Paragraph 1 mainly indicate? A. The inconsistence between words and meaning. B. The importance of remembering vital moments. C. The necessity of straightforward communication. D. The unavoidability of argument in a couple's life. 2. What may make human language different from true codes? A. The context included in understanding meanings. B. The definitions made by words in communication. C. The coded communication between emitter and receiver. D. The one-to-one relationship between word and meaning. 3. How does Mary’s statement “That was fun” illustrate about irony? A. It simplifies language to save time. B. It covers the true feelings of people. C. It needs wordy explanations to make sense. D. It uses fewer words for complex meanings. 4. What does the author suggest in communication? A. Focusing on the opposite. B. Taking language literally. C. Reading beyond the words. D. Avoiding using ironic tones. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C 【知识点】语言与文化 、说明文 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人类语言交流特点及反语在交流中的作用。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“She said she was okay with me forgetting her birthday! Then why is she throwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the two things related?(她说她不介意我忘记她的生日！那她为什么在厨房里摔盘子呢？这两件事有关系吗？)”以及第二段“Communication is more than words. It’s how those words are said, the tone, the order, even the choice of a particular word.(交流不仅仅是言语。还包括这些话是怎么说的，语气，顺序，甚至是某个特定单词的选择)”可推知，第一段的抱怨主要表明了言语和意思之间的不一致。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Human language is not a code (编码). True codes have a one-to-one relationship with meaning. One sound, one definition. This is what we see with animals. Wilson and Sperber explain that “coded communication works best when emitter (发出者) and receiver share exactly the same code. ” Not so for humans. We communicate more than the definitions of our words would suggest. This is inferential communication, and it means that we understand not only the words spoken, but the context in which they are spoken.(人类语言不是一种编码。真正的编码与意义有着一一对应的关系。一种声音，一种定义。这就是我们在动物身上看到的情况。威尔逊和斯珀伯解释说：“当发出者和接收者拥有完全相同的编码时，编码交流效果最佳。”人类则不是这样。我们交流的内容比我们所说的单词的定义要多。这是一种推理交流，这意味着我们不仅理解所说的单词，而且理解它们所使用的语境)”可知，理解意义时所包含的语境使人类语言不同于真正的编码。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Irony (反语) is a great example of how powerfully we can communicate context with a few simple words. It is more than just stating the opposite. For example, when Mary says, after a boring party, “That was fun”, she is neither saying literally that the party was fun nor saying “ironically” that the party was boring. Rather, she is expressing an emotion. Three words replace paragraphs, showcasing language’s efficiency.(反语是一个很好的例子，说明我们如何用几个简单的词来有力地传达语境。它不仅仅是陈述相反的意思。例如，当玛丽在一个无聊的聚会后说“那很有趣”时，她既不是说聚会真的很有趣，也不是“讽刺地”说聚会很无聊。相反，她在表达一种情感。三个字代替了段落，展示了语言的效率)”可知，玛丽的陈述“那很有趣”用更少的词表达了复杂的意思，从而说明了反语的特点。故选 D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wilson and Sperber concluded that human language developed and became so powerful because of two unique abilities of humans: language and the power to try to interpret mental states of others. We look for context for the words we hear. And we should be very good at absorbing this context to infer meaning.(威尔逊和斯珀伯得出结论，人类语言之所以发展并变得如此强大，是因为人类有两种独特的能力：语言能力和试图解读他人心理状态的能力。我们为听到的单词寻找语境。我们应该非常善于吸收这种语境来推断意义)” 可推知，作者认为在交流中应该理解话语背后的意思，也就是不仅仅局限于字面意思。故选C。 Passage 4 (2025届山东省德州市高三下学期一模英语试题)Some of the world’s 7,000 languages disappear annually and many are endangered for not being spoken widely in formal settings like schools. A quiet fightback is under way in communities that feel their traditions are drowned out by the dominance of the most globally spoken languages. Tochi Precious, a Nigerian, says, “It pains me to see a language dying off, because it’s not just about the language, but about the history and culture associated with it.” It was the community aspect that brought her to join efforts to save Igbo, an endangered African language. Ensuring there’s a substantial record of words and meanings, and how it is written and used is key, according to campaigners like Precious, who aid others in their languages’ protection through the organisation Wikitongues. Amrit Sufi, an Indian speaking Angika, records videos and uploads them to preserve its oral culture via Wikitongues, too. “It’s urgent to document and make it accessible, not just stored in a library,” she says. “Oral culture is disappearing as new generations are more subject to consuming industry-produced music rather than sitting in groups and singing. They’re ashamed to speak it due to a perceived dishonor attached to it, seeing Angika beneath dominant languages.” Wikitongues focuses on helping document languages using collective resources such as dictionaries and alternative-language Wikipedia entries. Wikipedia is favoured by language activists as a way to upload media and build effective and affordable dictionaries. There are moves to use artificial intelligence to document languages by processing texts and feeding them into chatbots. Many activists create books, videos and recordings. Community radio stations also have a long record of providing services in local languages. Despite such preservation, activists then have to persuade people to use a language — a major challenge. “While Igbo is one of Nigeria’s largest languages, parents believe only English is useful for children’s future, insisting that if they don’t speak English, they appear ignorant and don’t belong,” Precious says. “But efforts to save it have worked — the language is flowering again.” 1. How do Precious and Sufi help prevent language loss? A. Through national programs. B. Through word of mouth. C. Through mass music formats. D. Through Internet technology. 2. What may be the reason for the downfall of Angika according to Sufi? A. Decline in population. B. Lack of job-market demands. C. Prejudice against Angika. D. Absence of formal education. 3. What is the toughest thing facing activists about an endangered language? A. Promoting its use. B. Building community cooperation. C. Obtaining financial support. D. Getting advanced recording devices. 4. What is Precious’ attitude towards the Igbo rescue move? A. Skeptical. B. Positive. C. Pessimistic. D. Uncaring. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界上每年都有语言消失，为此有人通过互联网技术来防止语言丧失。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Ensuring there’s a substantial record of words and meanings, and how it is written and used is key, according to campaigners like Precious, who aid others in their languages’ protection through the organisation Wikitongues.(像Precious这样的活动人士通过维基语言组织帮助其他人保护他们的语言，他们表示，确保有大量的单词和含义记录，以及如何书写和使用是关键)”以及第三段“Amrit Sufi, an Indian speaking Angika, records videos and uploads them to preserve its oral culture via Wikitongues, too.(Amrit Sufi，一个说Angika语的印度人，也通过维基语言录制视频并上传，以保存其口头文化)”可知，Precious和Sufi通过互联网技术帮助防止语言丧失。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“They’re ashamed to speak it due to a perceived dishonor attached to it, seeing Angika beneath dominant languages.(他们羞于说这句话，因为他们觉得这是一种耻辱，认为安吉卡在主流语言之下)”可知，Sufi认为对安吉卡的偏见导致了安吉卡的衰败。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Despite such preservation, activists then have to persuade people to use a language — a major challenge.(尽管有这样的保护，活动人士还必须说服人们使用一种语言——这是一个重大挑战)”可知，对于濒危语言，活动人士面临的最大难题是促进其使用。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But efforts to save it have worked — the language is flowering again.(但拯救它的努力取得了成效——这种语言再次开花结果)”可知，Precious对伊博人的救援行动持积极态度。故选B。 Passage 5 (2025届河南省创新发展联盟高三下学期一模英语试题)Historically, a university’s primary role has been to ensure students’ outstanding performance academically, but higher education can also change lives by supporting their well-being. Despite growing evidence of the importance of students’ well-being and an abundance of best practices, most institutions have yet to prioritize it as much as they do with enrollment(入学), graduation and grades. A new study led by University of Maine researchers provides guidance on how institutions can support and improve students’ well-being, and breaks down the various benefits for learners during and beyond their university career. The study defines well-being as a combined sense of belonging, agency, purpose, identity, citizen engagement and financial stability. Quoting a long-term investigation, researchers identified key student experiences that result in improved well-being later in life: working at a job or internship(实习); conducting a project that takes a semester or longer to complete; extensively participating in extracurricular(课外的) activities; having at least one professor who either personally cares about their students, and encourages them to pursue their goals or makes them excited to learn. “There is a growing recognition of the importance of affective student outcomes such as a sense of belonging and agency, as well as a wealth of evidence showing that student-centered practices can meaningfully support these. We hope that this will encourage other educators to consider how to support well-being in their own learning context,” said Holly White, lead researcher. Researchers identified six guiding principles for improving students’ well-being, among which are Research Learning Experiences (RLEs). According to researchers, RLEs encourage “partner relationships and a sense of belonging, as well as developing agency, purpose and identity through enriching research experiences.” “A unique feature of our RLEs is that they are open to all entering first-year students, no matter what prior experiences students may have had. Our early results on the positive impact of RLEs on students’ overall well-being are very encouraging.” said John Volin, study co-author. “I think it’s really important to recognize that we can support students’ well-being and learning. These two aspects are not contradictory or in a zero-sum situation. It also doesn’t have to be one or the other.” White said. 1. Which may fail to improve students’ well-being according to the text? A. Gaining an internship opportunity. B. Engaging in after-class activities widely. C. Carrying out a long-term project with others. D. Having a professor who is strict about their study. 2. What can we know about RLEs? A. They have been practiced in many universities. B. They are mainly targeted at students lacking in experience. C. They play a positive role in enhancing students’ well-being. D. They are the best method among the guiding principles identified. 3. What do White’s words in the last paragraph suggest? A. Student learning is more important than well-being. B. Universities should take students’ well-being more seriously. C. It is difficult to support students’ well-being in many universities. D. Universities can help with students’ well-being and studies at the same time. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Research on Improving Students’ Well-Being B. Challenges in Supporting Students’ Well-Being C. The Role of Research Learning Experiences in Universities D. The Importance of Students’ Well-Being in Higher Education 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是研究表明大学可以通过支持大学生的福祉来改变他们的生活。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Quoting a long-term investigation, researchers identified key student experiences that result in improved well-being later in life: working at a job or internship (实习); conducting a project that takes a semester or longer to complete; extensively participating in extracurricular (课外的) activities; having at least one professor who either personally cares about their students, and encourages them to pursue their goals or makes them excited to learn.(研究人员引用了一项长期调查，确定了学生在以后的生活中会改善幸福感的关键经历：工作或实习；进行一个需要一个学期或更长时间才能完成的项目；广泛参加课外活动；至少有一位教授亲自关心他们的学生，鼓励他们追求自己的目标，或者让他们兴奋地学习。)”可知，获得实习机会、广泛参加课外活动以及与其他人一起开展长期项目都会改善幸福感，而有一个对他们学习要求严格的教授可能无法提高学生的幸福感。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“According to researchers, RLEs encourage “partner relationships and a sense of belonging, as well as developing agency, purpose and identity through enriching research experiences.(根据研究人员的说法，RLEs鼓励“伙伴关系和归属感，以及通过丰富研究经验来发展能动性、目标和身份。)”以及“Our early results on the positive impact of RLEs on students’ overall well-being are very encouraging.(我们关于RLEs对学生整体幸福感的积极影响的初步结果非常令人鼓舞。)”可知，RLEs对提高学生的幸福感起着积极的作用。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““I think it’s really important to recognize that we can support students’ well-being and learning. These two aspects are not contradictory or in a zero-sum situation. It also doesn’t have to be one or the other. ” White said.(“我认为认识到我们可以支持学生的健康和学习是非常重要的。这两个方面并不矛盾，也不是零和博弈。它也不一定非得是其中之一。”White说。)”可知，White在最后一段的话表明大学可以同时帮助学生的健康和学习。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。文章第一段“Historically, a university’ s primary role has been to ensure students’ outstanding performance academically, but higher education can also change lives by supporting their well-being.(从历史上看，大学的主要作用是确保学生在学业上取得优异成绩，但高等教育也可以通过支持他们的福祉来改变他们的生活。)”提出话题——高等教育也可以通过支持大学生的福祉来改变他们的生活，文章第二段讲的是支持和改善学生福祉的一项新研究，第三、四段讲的是该研究对幸福的定义及学生在以后的生活中会改善幸福感的关键经历，第五段讲的是该项研究的研究人员确认了包括研究性学习经验(RLEs)在内的提高学生幸福感的六条指导原则，文章最后一段以White的话对全文进行总结，指出支持学生健康和学习两个方面并不矛盾。纵观全文，文章主要在围绕着提高学生幸福感的研究来展开，所以A项Research on Improving Students’ Well-Being(提高学生幸福感的研究)作为文章标题最合适。故选A项。 Passage 6 (2025届河南省新乡市高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷)Anxieties about children and reading are not unusual, but news that fewer than half of those aged 8 -18 admit to actually enjoying it — the lowest level since 2005 — should raise a red flag. The survey, conducted by the National Literacy Trust (NLT) ahead of World Book Day, also revealed a worrying picture of growing inequality. One in 10 of 3, 000 parents and carers interviewed across the UK said they were too stressed to read to their child because of economic pressures, doubling to nearly one in five among those who described themselves as struggling financially. Meanwhile, 20% said they were spending less on books for their children as a result of the cost of living crisis, rising to 36% among those in financial difficulty. This gap was thrown into sharp relief by sales data for the last year, released by market analysts Nielsen Book Scan, which revealed a 15% increase in the overall number of children's books sold compared with 2019, though that number has fallen back by 1.2% in the first month of this year. If poorer families are spending less of the money invested in children's reading, it follows that richer ones must be investing more. The World Book Day survey was not all sadness and worry: it quoted government data showing that reading levels rose slightly in primary schools between 2019 and 2022. But success in getting a child to jump through hoops at 10 or 11 is only a small part of equipping that child to become a happy and willing reader, with all the benefits that reading habits are known to bring. So what is to be done? At a time of financial stress, libraries have a key role to play. A welcome sign that they are doing so came with borrowing figures for last year. For the first time in 14 years, a children’s author — Julia Donaldson, creator of The Gruffalo — topped the lending charts, with five others in the top 10. Libraries are where children of all ages go to choose books for themselves, as opposed to bookshops, where parental budgets, and tastes unavoidably have a noticeable effect. 1. What can we know from the first paragraph? A. Worries about children and reading are unusual. B. Most children aged 8 — 18 find reading interesting. C. There is intelligence inequality among most children. D. Fewer than half of the children aged 8 — 18 enjoy reading. 2. What makes some parents and carers unable to read to their children? A. The shortage of time. B. Economic pressures. C. The inability to read. D. The lack of interest in reading. 3. Why does the author mention Julia Donaldson in the last paragraph? A. To show the popularity of libraries. B. To stress the importance of reading. C. To encourage children to read more. D. To introduce a famous children’s writer. 4. What role do libraries play in promoting reading among children? A. They send free books to children. B. They offer reading activities for children. C. They are the main source of children’s books. D. They provide equality in children’s reading to some extent. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，英国的一项调查研究表明：孩子们阅读的不平等与家庭的收入有关，在资金紧张时，图书馆可以在一定程度上促进儿童阅读的平等。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Anxieties about children and reading are not unusual, but news that fewer than half of those aged 8 -18 admit to actually enjoying it — the lowest level since 2005 — should raise a red flag.(对孩子和阅读的焦虑并不罕见，但有消息称，在8-18岁的年轻人中，只有不到一半的人承认自己真正喜欢阅读，这是2005年以来的最低水平，这应该引起警惕)”可知，在8-18岁的年轻人中只有不到一半的人喜欢阅读，故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One in 10 of 3, 000 parents and carers interviewed across the UK said they were too stressed to read to their child because of economic pressures, doubling to nearly one in five among those who described themselves as struggling financially.(在英国接受采访的3000名父母和照顾者中，十分之一的人表示，由于经济压力，他们压力太大，无法给孩子读书，在那些称自己经济困难的父母中，这一比例翻了一番，达到近五分之一)”可知，经济方面的压力使得父母或者照顾者无法给孩子读书，故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“At a time of financial stress, libraries have a key role to play. A welcome sign that they are doing so came with borrowing figures for last year. For the first time in 14 years, a children’s author — Julia Donaldson, creator of The Gruffalo — topped the lending charts, with five others in the top 10.(在资金紧张时期，图书馆可以发挥关键作用。去年的借书数据显示，他们正在这么做。14年来，儿童作家——The Gruffalo的作者julia Donaldson——首次登上图书借阅榜榜首，另外五人进入前十)”可知，在资金紧张时，图书馆可以在一定程度上促进儿童阅读的平等，且它们正在发挥作用，接着提到14年来儿童作家Julia Donaldson首次登上图书借阅榜榜首，是为了证实上述观点，表明图书馆受到欢迎，故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Libraries are where children of all ages go to choose books for themselves, as opposed to bookshops, where parental budgets, and tastes unavoidably have a noticeable effect.(图书馆是所有年龄段的孩子为自己选择书籍的地方，而不是像书店那样，父母的预算和品味不可避免地会产生明显的影响)”可知，图书馆在某种程度上为孩子们的阅读提供了平等，故选D。 Passage 7 (2025届湖南省高考普通高中名校联考高三下学期第一次模拟考试)The video game “Black Myth: Wukong” has been praised as a “masterpiece” by critics and enthusiasts alike, with many boldly predicting that it will be a strong competitor for the famed title of Game of the Year. This game has not only gained great popularity within China but has also captivated international audiences, many of whom may not be familiar with the complexities of the classic Chinese novel “Journey to the West”, from which the game draws its inspiration. Despite this, the game’s complex plot presents certain challenges for players who are not good at the slight differences of the source material. “Black Myth: Wukong” is a proof to the perfect integration of traditional Chinese cultural elements with modern gaming technology. The game beautifully combines Daoist talismans(护身符), Buddhist artifacts, and ancient architectural wonders, creating a visually stunning experience that draws inspiration from iconic landmarks such as the Great Wall and the splendid Mount Huangshan. The Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism has cleverly capitalized on the game’s popularity by releasing a promotional video that highlights real-life locations featured in the game, such as Xiaoxitian and Yuhuang Temple. This has led to a surge of cultural pilgrimages(朝圣) to these historic sites, as fans of the game seek to experience the real-world counterparts of the virtual wonders they have explored. The development team’s dedication to authenticity is evident in their careful research in Shanxi, a region that boasts(自夸) 80 percent of China’s surviving wooden structures from the Yuan Dynasty and earlier periods. This research has led to an almost exact copy of China’s breathtaking landscapes, grand temples, and delicate sculptures inside the game. This remarkable achievement not only serves as a proof to the team’s dedication to authenticity but also stands as a powerful cultural export, allowing players from around the globe to experience the richness of Chinese heritage in an immersive(沉浸式的) and interactive manner. The game’s success is a reflection of the growing influence of Chinese culture in the global gaming industry. “Black Myth: Wukong” is not just a game; it is a cultural phenomenon that bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming, creating an experience that is both educational and entertaining. As the game continues to gain popularity, it is likely to attract even more players who are curious about Chinese mythology and history, further cementing its status as a global cultural icon. 1. “Black Myth: Wukong” appeals internationally mainly because of . A. its simple plot and gameplay B. its complicated plot and cultural elements C. its focus on Western mythology D. its lack of historical accuracy 2. To use the game’s popularity, the Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism . A. released a video game B. created a promotional video C. built new tourist attractions D. published a travel guidebook 3. What is the significance of the development team’s research in Shanxi? A. It led to the creation of a new game engine. B. It was used to develop a virtual reality experience. C. It caused a decline in tourism to Shanxi. D. It resulted in a near 1:1 reproduction of Chinese landscapes. 4. “Black Myth: Wukong” bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming . A. ignoring historical accuracy B. focusing on Western themes C. integrating cultural elements into gameplay D. using outdated graphics 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是《黑神话：悟空》通过融合传统中国文化与现代游戏技术，吸引国内外玩家并促进文化旅游的发展。 1. 推理判断题。根据首段中的“This game has not only gained great popularity within China but has also captivated international audiences, many of whom may not be familiar with the complexities of the classic Chinese novel “Journey to the West”, from which the game draws its inspiration. (这款游戏不仅在中国国内广受欢迎，还吸引了国际观众的关注，尽管其中许多人可能并不熟悉经典中国小说《西游记》的复杂情节，而这款游戏正是从中汲取灵感的。)”以及第二段中的““Black Myth: Wukong” is a proof to the perfect integration of traditional Chinese cultural elements with modern gaming technology.(《黑神话：悟空》是传统中国文化元素与现代游戏技术完美结合的证明。)”可知，尽管很多人不熟悉中国小说《西游记》的复杂情节，但仍受到国内外的欢迎，且游戏将丰富的文化元素和复杂的故事情节相结合，由此可知，《黑神话：悟空》的国际吸引力主要来自于复杂的情节和文化元素。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism has cleverly capitalized on the game’s popularity by releasing a promotional video that highlights real-life locations featured in the game, such as Xiaoxitian and Yuhuang Temple. This has led to a surge of cultural pilgrimages to these historic sites, as fans of the game seek to experience the real-world counterparts of the virtual wonders they have explored.(山西省文化和旅游厅巧妙地利用了游戏的流行度，发布了一部宣传视频，重点介绍了游戏中出现的真实地点，例如小西天和玉皇庙。这引发了一股文化朝圣潮，游戏玩家纷纷前往这些历史遗址，以亲身体验他们在虚拟世界中探索过的奇迹。)”可知，为了利用游戏的流行度，山西省文化和旅游厅制作了一部宣传视频。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This research has led to an almost exact copy of China’s breathtaking landscapes, grand temples, and delicate sculptures inside the game.(这项研究使得游戏中几乎完全复制了中国令人叹为观止的景观、宏伟的寺庙和精致的雕塑。)”可知，研究的意义在于实现了对中国景观的高精度复制。故选D项。 4. 细节理解题。根据尾段中的““Black Myth: Wukong” is not just a game; it is a cultural phenomenon that bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming, creating an experience that is both educational and entertaining.(《黑神话：悟空》不仅仅是一款游戏；它是一种文化现象，弥合了中国传统文化与现代游戏之间的差距，创造了一种既教育又娱乐的体验。)”可知，开发团队通过将文化元素融入游戏玩法，成功实现了弥合中国传统文化与现代游戏之间的差距。故选C项。 Passage 8 (2025届广东省高三下学期一模英语试题)At top universities, there’s a phenomenon known as “Stanford Duck Syndrome(综合征)”. Like ducks, students appear to move gracefully(优雅地). However, beneath the surface, they’re kicking desperately to keep up. Experts from Stanford’s Health Services uncovered this troubling trend: during the day, many Stanford students are seen socializing in cafés, seemingly without any stress or the need to study. However, at night, they start studying, sometimes for the entire night, trying to maintain the image of effortless success. This comes at a high price: tiredness and anxiety are widespread. Furthermore, it leads to a common misconception: true geniuses achieve success with ease, while those working hard are less capable. In an effort to challenge this misconception, researchers designed an experiment. Participants were asked to observe a series of colors carefully while scientists tracked their brain activity throughout the process. The experiment was divided into two parts: one with easily distinguishable colors and the other with colors that were quite similar, requiring more effort to differentiate. As the difficulty of the task increased, there was a noticeable increase in brain activity, particularly in areas linked to memory and abstract reasoning. The study reveals that as tasks require more effort, more areas of the brain become engaged. Growth doesn’t come from talent alone but from the consistent application of effort. Our brain functions like a muscle. Without effort, even our inborn talents will fade over time. This pushes us to reconsider the underlying culture that might lead to this phenomenon. Instead of focusing too much on outcomes or singing high praise for inborn talents, we should emphasize the learning process and continuous improvement. By encouraging a culture that values effort, we can help students realize that intelligence is not fixed but grows through hard work. Such a shift would not only reduce the pressures associated with the “Stanford Duck Syndrome”, but also have a profound impact on personal development and the future of education. 1. What phenomenon does the “Stanford Duck Syndrome” probably describe? A. Prioritizing effort over well-being. B. Relieving stress through social activities. C. Displaying graceful images to attract others. D. Hiding hard work to appear naturally gifted. 2. How does the experiment in paragraph 3 challenge the misconception? A. By showing effort fuels the brain activity. B. By proving focus enhances brain function. C. By linking color recognition to intelligence. D. By associating careful observation with talent. 3. What is the author’s main concern about “Stanford Duck Syndrome”? A. It values the learning process over outcomes. B. It causes stress and false ideas about success. C. It prevents students from recognizing their talents. D. It makes students prioritize socializing over studying. 4. Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Fortune favors those with a clear vision. B. Sweat is the ink that writes a masterpiece. C. Work in silence and let success make the noise. D. Keep moving forward even when no one sees it. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“斯坦福鸭子综合征”现象及其影响，并强调努力的重要性。 1. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“At top universities, there’s a phenomenon known as “Stanford Duck Syndrome (综合征)”. Like ducks, students appear to move gracefully (优雅地). However, beneath the surface, they’re kicking desperately to keep up. (在顶尖大学中，有一种被称为“斯坦福鸭子综合征”的现象。就像鸭子一样，学生们表面上看起来行动优雅。然而，在水面之下，他们正拼命划水以跟上节奏。)”和第二段中“Experts from Stanford’s Health Services uncovered this troubling trend: during the day, many Stanford students are seen socializing in cafés, seemingly without any stress or the need to study. However, at night, they start studying, sometimes for the entire night, trying to maintain the image of effortless success. (斯坦福大学健康服务的专家揭示了这一令人担忧的趋势：白天，许多斯坦福学生被看到在咖啡馆里社交，似乎没有任何压力或学习的需求。然而，到了晚上，他们开始学习，有时甚至通宵达旦，试图维持那种毫不费力的成功形象。)”可知，“斯坦福鸭子综合征”描述的是学生们表面上看起来轻松优雅，实际上却在背后拼命努力，以维持自己轻松成功的形象。即隐藏努力工作以显得天生聪明。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“As the difficulty of the task increased, there was a noticeable increase in brain activity, particularly in areas linked to memory and abstract reasoning. (随着任务难度的增加，大脑活动明显增加，特别是在与记忆和抽象推理相关的区域。)”和第四段中“The study reveals that as tasks require more effort, more areas of the brain become engaged. (这项研究表明，随着任务需要更多的努力，大脑更多的区域会变得活跃。)”可知，实验通过展示任务难度增加时，大脑活动特别是与记忆和抽象推理相关的区域活动明显增加，来挑战“天才轻松成功，努力者能力不足”的误解，证明了努力会激发大脑活动。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“This comes at a high price: tiredness and anxiety are widespread. Furthermore, it leads to a common misconception: true geniuses achieve success with ease, while those working hard are less capable. (这付出了高昂的代价：疲惫和焦虑普遍存在。此外，这还导致了一个常见的误解：真正的天才能够轻松取得成功，而那些努力的人则能力较差。)”可知，作者对“斯坦福鸭子综合征”的主要担忧是它导致学生产生对成功的错误观念，即认为真正的天才能够轻松取得成功，而努力工作的人则能力较差。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“Growth doesn’t come from talent alone but from the consistent application of effort. Our brain functions like a muscle. Without effort, even our inborn talents will fade over time. (成长不仅仅来自天赋，还来自持续的努力。我们的大脑就像肌肉一样。如果不努力，即使我们天生的才能也会随着时间的推移而消退。)”和“By encouraging a culture that values effort, we can help students realize that intelligence is not fixed but grows through hard work. (通过鼓励一种重视努力的文化，我们可以帮助学生认识到智力不是固定的，而是可以通过努力工作得到发展的。)”可知，作者认为成长不仅来自天赋，还来自持续的努力，大脑就像肌肉一样，如果不努力，即使天生的才能也会随时间消退，鼓励重视努力的文化可以帮助学生意识到智力不是固定的，而是通过努力工作成长的。因此，作者可能会同意“汗水是书写杰作的墨水”这一观点，即努力是取得成功的关键。故选B。 Passage 9 (2025届广东省江门市高三下学期一模英语试题)Want to know the current population of India? The internet is your best bet. Need a quick refresher on the phases of the moon? Go ahead, read a story online (or two or three). But if you really need to learn something, you're probably better off with print. Or at least that's what a lot of research now suggests. Researchers find that people tend to read faster on screens. That's fine for checking texts and social media posts. But when screens are small, the extra scrolling needed to read a long article or book may make it harder to retain what you're reading, data now show. That doesn't just depend on the device, however. It also depends on what you assume about the text. Naomi Baron calls this your mindset. She says one way mindset works is in anticipating how easy or hard we expect the reading to be. If we think it will be easy, we might not put in much effort. Much of what we read on screens tends to be text messages and social media posts, which are usually easy to understand. So, “when people read on screens, they read faster,” says Alexander at the University of Maryland. “Their eyes scan the pages and the words faster than if they're reading on a piece of paper.” But when reading fast, we may not absorb all the ideas as well. However, all experts agree on one thing: There's no going back. Digital reading is here to stay. So it pays to make the most of it. It's a good idea to do a little preparation. Baron compares reading to sports or to playing music. “Watch a pianist or an athlete. Before they run the race or play the concert, they get themselves in the zone,” she says. “It's the same thing for reading. Before you read something you really want to focus on, get in the zone. Think about what you'll be reading, and what you want to get from it.” 1. Which is NOT the possible element affecting people's reading on screens? A. Small screens. B. Reader's mindset. C. Simple posts. D. Reading skills. 2. What may all experts agree as for digital reading? A. It's unavoidable. B. It's unhelpful. C. It's unpredictable. D. It's unacceptable. 3. Why does Baron mention the pianist and the athlete? A. To define a term. B. To support an idea. C. To explain a concept. D. To present the background. 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The Rise of Digital Reading. B. The Benefits of Print Reading. C. Balancing Print and Digital Reading. D. Preparing for the Digital Reading Era. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了了数字阅读与纸质阅读的差异，并指出数字阅读的普及趋势以及如何更好地适应数字阅读时代。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But when screens are small, the extra scrolling needed to read a long article or book may make it harder to retain what you’re reading, data now show. (但当屏幕较小时，阅读长文章或书籍所需的额外滚动可能会让你更难记住所读内容，数据显示。)”可知，小屏幕(选项A)是影响因素。根据第三段“It also depends on what you assume about the text. Naomi Baron calls this your mindset. (这也取决于你对文本的假设。Naomi Baron称之为你的心态。)”可知，读者的心态(选项B)是影响因素。根据第四段“Much of what we read on screens tends to be text messages and social media posts, which are usually easy to understand. (我们在屏幕上阅读的内容大多是短信和社交媒体帖子，这些通常很容易理解。)”可知，简单的帖子(选项C)是影响因素。文章未提及阅读技能(选项D)对屏幕阅读的影响。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“However, all experts agree on one thing: There's no going back. Digital reading is here to stay.(然而，所有专家都同意一件事：数字阅读是不可逆转的。数字阅读将长期存在)”可知，数字阅读是不可避免的。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Baron compares reading to sports or to playing music. “Watch a pianist or an athlete. Before they run the race or play the concert, they get themselves in the zone,” she says. “It's the same thing for reading. Before you read something you really want to focus on, get in the zone.” (Baron将阅读比作运动或演奏音乐。“观察一位钢琴家或运动员。在比赛或演奏音乐会之前，他们会让自己进入状态，”她说。“阅读也是如此。在你阅读你真正想专注的内容之前，先进入状态。”)”可知，Baron提到钢琴家和运动员是为了支持阅读前需要准备的观点。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。文章开篇提到如果只是查看信息可以在网上阅读，但如果真的要学习知识，可能印刷品更好；接着阐述了在屏幕上阅读的特点及影响因素；最后又提到数字阅读已经存在且要充分利用它并做好准备。整体围绕着印刷阅读和数字阅读展开，强调了两者的情况，所以“平衡印刷阅读和数字阅读”作为标题最合适。故选C项。 Passage 10 (2025届广东省建文外国语学校两学部高考二月第一次模拟考(一模)英语试题)“Can I have that book? I’m still curious,” said a fourth-grade student staring at a bin full of unopened books, magazines, and a couple of unopened, plastic-wrapped art supplies at a public elementary school in Portland, Oregon recently. These unopened items are the result of a student resource waste examination conducted in partnership with the school’s Eco Club, the University of Oregon, and the National Education Association. Some desks have been cleared of materials, some partially used, and others hold untouched, unopened supplies. And while some students have all the materials they need, others remain resource-hungry. Connecting the dots between these two kinds of students is the idea of a “share shelf,” a way to address both student resource needs and material waste in school supply programs during the school year and summer. Share shelves are exactly what they sound like: places to drop off things like packs of pencils, notebooks, or unopened boxes of crayons for other students to pick up free of charge. With encouragement from the Department of Education, a growing number of school supply programs across the country are now offering share shelves. There are numerous benefits — economic, environmental, and educational — for supporting share shelves. Share shelves enable us to use the federal funds we invest in equipping 25 million students each day for their highest and greatest good. When students offer their unopened, unused materials to other students, they expand the impact of our investment in their educational resources. Share shelves also promote the ethics of resource conservation and respect for the impacts of material waste. And unused supplies in storage create clutter and waste resources. Habitual sharing of unused materials can influence organizational habits at home and the behavior patterns students will carry into adulthood. Portland fourth-grade teacher Alex Carter said her students love the school’s share shelves. “What they don’t take, we teachers take back to our classroom or departmental storage rooms to share with students in the afternoons and/or in after-school programs.” 1. Why does the author mention the unopened supplies? A. To highlight the need to improve school supply programs. B. To show the problem of resource waste in schools. C. To stress the importance of providing more supplies. D. To illustrate the lack of organization in classrooms. 2. What can students do at share shelves? A. Get free unopened supplies. B. Sell their unused supplies. C. Exchange supplies with others. D. Throw away their waste supplies. 3 What do we know about share shelves from the text? A. They are opposed by many teachers. B. They are not well supported by schools. C. They have a positive impact on multiple aspects. D. They mainly focus on solving supply waste problems. 4. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A scientific research report. B. A school brochure. C. An educational magazine. D. A food industry newsletter. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学校中存在的资源浪费问题，以及通过“共享架”来解决这一问题的方法，强调了共享架的经济、环境和教育益处。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“These unopened items are the result of a student resource waste examination conducted in partnership with the school’s Eco Club, the University of Oregon, and the National Education Association.(这些未打开的物品是与学校的生态俱乐部、俄勒冈大学和国家教育协会合作进行的学生资源浪费检查的结果)”可知，作者提到未开封的用品是为了展示学校中的资源浪费问题。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Share shelves are exactly what they sound like: places to drop off things like packs of pencils, notebooks, or unopened boxes of crayons for other students to pick up free of charge.(共享书架顾名思义就是：放下铅笔、笔记本或未开封的蜡笔等东西，让其他学生免费拿起的地方)”可知，学生可以在共享书架上免费获取未开封的用品。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“There are numerous benefits — economic, environmental, and educational — for supporting share shelves.(支持共享书架有很多好处——经济上的、环境上的和教育上的)”可知，共享书架在经济、环境和教育方面都有积极影响。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Connecting the dots between these two kinds of students is the idea of a “share shelf,” a way to address both student resource needs and material waste in school supply programs during the school year and summer. Share shelves are exactly what they sound like: places to drop off things like packs of pencils, notebooks, or unopened boxes of crayons for other students to pick up free of charge.(将这两类学生联系起来的是‘共享书架’的概念，这是一种解决学生资源需求和学校供应项目在学年和夏季期间的材料浪费的方法。共享书架顾名思义就是：放下铅笔、笔记本或未开封的蜡笔等东西，让其他学生免费拿起的地方)”以及文章介绍了学校中存在的资源浪费问题，以及通过“共享书架”来解决这一问题的方法，强调了共享架的经济、环境和教育益处。可知，这篇文章很可能摘自一本教育杂志。故选C。 Passage 11 (2025届河南省驻马店市安阳市部分学校高三下学期3月一模英语试题)Many think that language is what sets humans apart from other animals and that language is a must for us to think. British philosopher Russell even claimed in 1948 that no intelligent thinking can take place without language. However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities(实体), working in separate parts of the brain. In short, they are “far more independent than we imagined”, wrote ZME Science. The study explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches. First, they studied patients suffering from global aphasia(完全失语症), who had lost much of their ability to understand or speak due to damage to the left part of their brain. However, they can still fulfil complex tasks “You can ask people with global aphasia to solve math problems or perform social reasoning tests, and as long as the instructions are non-verbal(非语言的), they can succeed,” Evelina Fedorenko, a US researcher, told ZME Science. The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities. In other words, we generally need language to express our thoughts, but we can still think without words. So, if language isn’t necessary for thinking, then why did humans develop it? Fedorenko said language serves mainly as a tool for communication “Most of the things that you probably learned about the world are learned through language but not through direct experience with the world,” she said. By being able to share complex information through language, humans gained an evolutionary(进化的) advantage. Although language doesn’t give rise to thoughts, past research shows that how we speak can heavily influence how we think. For example, the English sentence “He fired the gun” is usually phrased as “The gun went off” in Japanese. As a result, English speakers are more likely to focus on the person responsible for an accident than Japanese speakers, according to Psychology Today. 1. What does the recent study show about language and thought? A. Language and thought work separately. B. Language is the basis of intelligent thought. C. Language and thought depend on each other. D. Language determines the complexity of thought. 2. What does the underlined word “fulfil” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Complete. C. Assign. D. Manage. 3. What did the brain-imaging study on healthy people mainly focus on? A. The changes in their brains’ language regions. B. Their preferences for different non-verbal tasks. C. Their ability to think while doing non-verbal tasks. D. The impact of non-verbal tasks on their intelligence. 4. What role does Fedorenko think language plays in serving humans? A. It helps humans to generate thoughts. B. It enhances humans’ problem-solving skills. C. It enriches humans’ emotions as it develops. D. It allows humans to exchange and learn information. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近的研究表明语言和思维是分开工作的，解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“It found that language and thought are two distinct entities (实体), working in separate parts of the brain. In short, they are “far more independent than we imagined”, wrote ZME Science.(研究发现，语言和思维是两个截然不同的实体，分别在大脑的不同部分工作，简而言之，它们“比我们想象的要独立得多”，ZME Science写道)”可知，最近的研究表明语言和思维是分开工作的。故选A。 2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“You can ask people with global aphasia to solve math problems or perform social reasoning tests, and as long as the instructions are non-verbal (非语言的), they can succeed(你可以让患有全局性失语症的人解决数学问题或进行社会推理测试，只要指令是非语言的，他们就能成功)”可知，后文提到可以让全局性失语症的人解决数学问题或进行社会推理测试，说明失去了大部分理解或说话的能力但是仍然能完成任务。故划线词意思是“完成”。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities. In other words, we generally need language to express our thoughts, but we can still think without words. (研究人员还使用脑成像工具来研究健康志愿者在执行非语言任务时的大脑，如解决谜题和计划。结果发现，在这些活动中，大脑的语言区域大多处于不活跃状态。换句话说，我们通常需要语言来表达我们的想法，但我们仍然可以在没有语言的情况下思考)”可知，健康人脑成像研究的重点是他们在做非语言任务时的思考能力。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Fedorenko said language serves mainly as a tool for communication “Most of the things that you probably learned about the world are learned through language but not through direct experience with the world,” she said. By being able to share complex information through language, humans gained an evolutionary (进化的) advantage.(费多连科说，语言主要是作为一种交流的工具。她说：“你可能学到的关于世界的大部分东西都是通过语言学习的，而不是通过对世界的直接体验。”通过语言分享复杂的信息，人类获得了一种进化优势。)”可知，费多连科认为语言允许人们交换和学习信息。故选D。 高频话题03 人与自然—自然灾害与防范/宇宙探索 Passage 1 (2025届山东省菏泽市高考一模英语试题)Disastrous floods are becoming more and more common around the world. The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall, but as cities expand, and more and more land is under concrete or paving, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage(雨污排水) systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. Could the way that cities are growing be making things worse? Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. Early in 2013, he proposed the concept of “sponge(海绵) cities”, which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge - reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world. Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts(涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks. This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the amount of associated pollutants which used to be washed into the sea. Auckland has taken a natural approach, but a much more high-tech method can be seen in Amsterdam. The Dutch city has installed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside, and then layers beneath which collect and store rainwater. This water can be used by people to water plants or wash toilets. Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize the system’s ability to absorb rainwater. Yu Kongjian describes the sponge city approach as using Tai Chi with nature instead of boxing. Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally. What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding. 1. What may cause the risk of city flooding? A. The city size. B. The city design. C. The city location. D. The city population. 2. Which of the following fail to serve as “sponge”? A. Riverside parks. B. Ponds. C. Blue-green roofs. D. Culverts. 3. What can be inferred about the sponge city approach from the last paragraph? A. It uses boxing with nature. B. It works well without doubt. C. Its further function needs testing. D. It is sufficient for future flooding. 4. What’s the main idea of the text? A. How sponge cities could prevent floods. B. Why the concept of “sponge cities” was proposed. C. Why floods are becoming more and more common. D. How the natural approach combines with high-tech method. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 【知识点】自然灾害与防范、说明文 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了全球洪水频发的原因以及如何通过“海绵城市”的设计来减少洪水风险。文章还介绍了自然方法和高科技方法在城市防洪中的应用。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall, but as cities expand, and more and more land is under concrete or paving, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage (雨污排水) systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases.(气候变暖导致降雨量增加，但随着城市扩张，越来越多的土地被混凝土或铺装覆盖，吸收的水量减少，更多的水需要通过排水系统排出。当这些系统不堪重负时，突发洪水的风险增加)”可知，城市设计(如混凝土覆盖和排水系统)是导致洪水风险增加的主要原因。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts (涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks.(新西兰的奥克兰在一项研究中被评为最“海绵”的城市。它用绿色河岸和相连的公园取代了奥克利溪周围的混凝土涵洞)”可知，涵洞(culverts)是混凝土结构，不具备“海绵”功能。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally. What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding.(有人质疑，面对全球降雨量增加，自然方法是否足够。还有待观察的是，扩大规模和与现代技术结合是否能帮助自然方法拯救更多人免受洪水侵袭)”可推知，海绵城市方法的进一步功能需要测试。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第二段“Early in 2013, he proposed the concept of “sponge (海绵) cities”, which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge - reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world.(早在2013年，他就提出了“海绵城市”的概念，即像海绵一样吸水，减少突发洪水的风险。鼓励使用自然解决方案，利用河边公园和池塘来吸收洪水。受此启发的方法已被世界各地的城市采用)”可知，短文重点介绍了“海绵城市”的概念及其在城市防洪中的应用，包括自然方法和高科技方法。故选A。 Passage 2 (2025届广东省汕头市高三下学期一模英语试题)At a crop breeding(培育) center in Shanghai, researchers have successfully harvested rice that was grown from seeds initially bred on China’s space station, Tiangong. The rice plants have completed a full growth cycle on Earth, maturing after more than 100 days since planting. This space-to-ground experiment began with 6 rice seeds sent into orbit in 2022 on the Wentian spacecraft. Taikonauts onboard Tiangong bred these seeds into 59, which they returned to Earth. Researchers then selected high-quality seeds, growing them under controlled climate conditions and producing around 10,000 new seeds. Zheng Huiqiong, a lead researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Center, shared that the team’s findings suggest space-bred seeds can reproduce effectively on Earth, suggesting potential for future space agriculture. Zheng highlighted that the space-bred rice possesses unique traits, such as a higher sugar content, with sugar levels estimated to be five to six times higher than standard rice. The space-bred rice also showed a slight increase in protein content. “That means space-bred rice tastes sweeter and has more energy,” she added. Space breeding, the method used in this experiment, exposes seeds to space radiation and microgravity, generating gene mutations(基因突变). These mutations are carefully assessed upon the seeds’ return to Earth, sometimes resulting in advantageous traits like shorter growth times, improved disease resistance, and higher output. Zhao Hui, an expert in China Academy of Space Technology, emphasized the safety of space-bred food, explaining that unlike genetically modified crops, space-bred seeds naturally mutate without introducing foreign genes. However, the space-bred rice has fewer leaves, which complicates close planting. Researchers are planning further studies to understand these leaf traits and explore possible genetic changes. The Tiangong rice experiment marked a milestone for crop science, as it was the first time that rice had completed a full life cycle — from seed germination (发芽) to reproduction — in orbit. 1. What can we know about the space-to-ground experiment? A. Seeds grown in orbit promise higher crop quality. B. Seeds bred in space were further grown successfully on Earth. C. New species of seeds grown in space have achieved great success. D. Climate conditions were controlled when seeds were sent into orbit. 2. What does the underlined words “traits” mean in paragraph 3? A. Materials. B. Arrangements. C. Disadvantages. D. Characteristics. 3. What does Zhao Hui stress about the space-bred rice? A. Its security. B. Its artificial process. C. Its nutrition. D. Its major shortcoming. 4. Which of the following is the best title? A. Organic Farming: High-quality Planting in Space B. Space Exploration: A Journey to the Space and Beyond C. New Planting Approach: Replacing the Traditional Farming D. Space-to-ground Cycle: Promising Future Space Agriculture 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 【知识点】说明文、植物、航空航天 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太空到地面的水稻种植实验，该实验对未来太空农业有重要意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“This space-to-ground experiment began with 6 rice seeds sent into orbit in 2022 on the Wentian spacecraft. Taikonauts onboard Tiangong bred these seeds into 59, which they returned to Earth. Researchers then selected high-quality seeds, growing them under controlled climate conditions and producing around 10,000 new seeds.(这项空对地实验始于2022年由“问天号”飞船将6颗水稻种子送入轨道。天宫号上的宇航员将这些种子培育成59颗，并将它们送回了地球。然后，研究人员挑选出高质量的种子，在可控的气候条件下种植，生产出大约1万颗新种子)” 可知，在太空培育的种子回到地球后被进一步种植，故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“such as a higher sugar content, with sugar levels estimated to be five to six times higher than standard rice(比如含糖量较高，其含糖量估计是标准大米的5到6倍)”可知，“traits” 指太空培育水稻的独特特点，如高糖含量、蛋白质含量增加等。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Zhao Hui, an expert in China Academy of Space Technology, emphasized the safety of space-bred food, explaining that unlike genetically modified crops, space-bred seeds naturally mutate without introducing foreign genes.(中国空间技术研究院专家赵辉强调了太空培育食品的安全性，他解释说，与转基因作物不同，太空培育的种子在不引入外源基因的情况下会自然变异)”可知，赵辉强调的是太空培育水稻的安全性，故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“At a crop breeding(培育) center in Shanghai, researchers have successfully harvested rice that was grown from seeds initially bred on China’s space station, Tiangong.(在上海的一个作物育种中心，研究人员成功收获了由中国空间站天宫号培育的种子培育而成的水稻)”可知，文章主要讲述了太空到地面的水稻种植实验，该实验对未来太空农业有重要意义。由此可知，D选项 “天地循环：有前景的未来太空农业”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 3 (2025届广东省梅州市高三下学期2月质检测试英语试卷)By the end of this decade, countries and private companies might start mining the Moon. Now is the time to create the rules and regulations that will protect humanity’s shared future in space and ensure the Moon remains a symbol and inspiration for generations to come. This has started a new race to the Moon. Right now, all supplies for space exploration come from Earth, which makes things like water and fuel very expensive. By the time a single litre of water gets to the Moon, it costs more than gold. But if we can turn the water ice on the Moon into hydrogen and oxygen, we can refuel spacecraft there. This could make trips to farther places in space, like Mars, much easier. When we take things from the Moon, dust gets kicked up. Since the Moon has no atmosphere, the dust can go very far. The surface material is “space weathered” and not as bright as the material underneath. If we disturb the dust, some parts of the Moon might look brighter, while others might look duller. Managing the dust will be important for making sure mining is sustainable and doesn’t cause too much disruption. On the moon, you all wish you could find a job with good safety standards, fair pay, and reasonable hours. But you can’t. You are stuck in space. British astrobiologist Charles S. Cockell says this could lead to similar problems on the earth. Powerful people might be able to take advantage of workers who have nowhere else to go. There are some other possible dangers of starting Moon mining without thinking about the risks to workers. Working in low gravity can cause health problems. Lunar miners might have bone and muscle loss, kidney and heart damage, and weak immune systems. Besides, lunar miners will also be alone for a long time and face a lot of psychological stress. The Moon could be a great place for human exploration and a source of resources to help life on Earth and beyond. But we need to learn from history and avoid uncontrolled exploitation(开采). Before we start mining the Moon, we must make strong regulations that focus on fairness, safety, and human rights. 1. What is the main purpose of establishing rules and regulations for lunar mining? A. To ensure that lunar mining is profitable for private companies. B. To prevent any country from claiming ownership of the Moon. C. To facilitate the transportation of supplies from Earth to the Moon. D. To protect the shared future in space and preserve the Moon as a symbol of inspiration. 2. What is a potential benefit of turning water ice on the Moon into hydrogen and oxygen? A. It will rocket the cost of space exploration. B. It will create new jobs for people on Earth. C. It will make the Moon the second Earth. D. It will allow spacecraft to make deeper space travel easier. 3. What environmental challenge is mentioned in the article regarding lunar mining? A. The risk of running out of the Moon’s water ice reserves. B. The possibility of causing sandstorms and earthquakes on the Moon. C. The potential for lunar dust to travel far and change the Moon’s appearance. D. The threat of introducing Earth’s pollution to the Moon by the spaceships. 4. What can be inferred about the potential risks to lunar miners from the article? A. Lunar miners will face significant financial risks due to market fluctuations. B. There is a high risk of accidents due to the unfamiliar lunar environment. C. The lack of safety standards and isolation could cause health and mind issues. D. Miners will have limited access to advanced medical care in case of emergencies. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. C 【知识点】科普知识 、说明文、航空航天 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了了月球采矿的相关情况，包括其带来的好处、面临的环境挑战以及对矿工的潜在风险等，强调在开始月球采矿之前需要制定强有力的规则和规定，以保障公平、安全和人权。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now is the time to create the rules and regulations that will protect humanity’s shared future in space and ensure the Moon remains a symbol and inspiration for generations to come.( 在是制定规章制度的时候了，这些规章制度将保护人类在太空中的共同未来，并确保月球仍然是后代的象征和灵感。)”可知，制定月球采矿规则和规定的主要目的是保护人类在太空的共同未来，并确保月球仍然是激励后代的象征。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But if we can turn the water ice on the Moon into hydrogen and oxygen, we can refuel spacecraft there. This could make trips to farther places in space, like Mars, much easier.( 但如果我们能把月球上的水冰变成氢和氧，我们就能给月球上的航天器加油了。这将使前往太空中更远的地方，如火星，变得更加容易。)”可知，将月球上的水冰转化为氢和氧的潜在好处是可以让航天器在那里加油，从而使前往更远的太空地方(如火星)的旅行变得更容易，即让航天器进行更深入的太空旅行变得更容易。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“When we take things from the Moon, dust gets kicked up. Since the Moon has no atmosphere, the dust can go very far. The surface material is “space weathered” and not as bright as the material underneath. If we disturb the dust, some parts of the Moon might look brighter, while others might look duller.( 当我们从月球上取东西时，灰尘会被踢起。由于月球没有大气层，尘埃可以飞得很远。表面材料是“太空风化”的，不像下面的材料那么明亮。如果我们扰乱了尘埃，月球的某些部分可能看起来更亮，而其他部分可能看起来更暗。)”可知，关于月球采矿提到的环境挑战是月球上的尘埃可能会传播得很远，并改变月球的外观。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第四段“On the moon, you all wish you could find a job with good safety standards, fair pay, and reasonable hours. But you can’t. You are stuck in space.( 在月球上，你们都希望能找到一份安全标准高、报酬公平、工作时间合理的工作。但是你不能。你被困在太空中。)”以及第五段在“Working in low gravity can cause health problems. Lunar miners might have bone and muscle loss, kidney and heart damage, and weak immune systems. Besides, lunar miners will also be alone for a long time and face a lot of psychological stress.( 在低重力下工作可能会导致健康问题。月球矿工可能有骨质和肌肉损失，肾脏和心脏损伤，免疫系统较弱。此外，月球矿工也将长期独自一人，面临很大的心理压力。)”可推知，月球矿工面临的潜在风险是缺乏安全标准以及长期的孤立状态可能会导致健康和心理问题。故选C项。 Passage 4 (2025届河南省名校联盟高三第六次联考(一模)英语试题)The sun likes to remind us that Earth is merely one part of a joint system. Despite our connection with the sun, there are still numerous scientific mysteries to uncover about this critical star, particularly its magnetic field(磁场). Now, for the first time, scientists have taken nearly daily measurements of the sun’s coronal(日冕的) magnetic field and this observation offers a more dynamic view of this solar region. The solar magnetic field is the primary driver of solar storms and flares. As society grows increasingly reliant on technology, this space weather generates threats to power networks, communication systems, and in-space technologies like GPS and satellites. “Global mapping of the coronal magnetic field has been a big missing part in the study of the sun,” said Zihao Yang, a postdoctoral fellow from Peking University in China. “This research is helping us fill a crucial gap in our understanding of coronal magnetic fields, which are the source of the energy for storms that can impact Earth.” Scientists have been able to routinely measure the magnetic field on the sun’s surface. Large telescopes like the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST), which is the world’s largest solar telescope, can measure the three-dimensional coronal magnetic fields in depth. It recently demonstrated its ability to make detailed observations of the coronal magnetic field. However, DKIST can’t map the sun all at once. To try to get more overall mapping, the team turned to the Upgraded Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter (UCoMP). UCoMP can block out parts of the sun. It uses a dise called a coronagraph to enable scientists to measure the sun’s atmosphere. UCoMP has a much smaller aperture(光图) compared to DKIST, but it can take a wider view, which makes it possible for scientists to study the entire sun on most days. “We are entering a new age of solar physics research when we can routinely measure the coronal magnetic field,” said Yang. Using DKIST’s and UCoMP’s measurements together offers a more all-sided view of the coronal magnetic field. 1. What is the significance of the new observation of the sun’s coronal magnetic field? A. It reveals the source of the sun’s energy. B. It helps us fully understand the solar system. C. It enables us to predict solar storms accurately. D. It allows further insight into a certain solar region. 2. What does Zihao Yang think of the research? A. It’s well-received. B. It’s risk-free. C. It’s pioneering. D. It’s misleading. 3. What is the main advantage of UCoMP compared to DKIST? A. It provides a wider view of the sun. B. It has a larger aperture for higher-quality images. C. It can measure the sun’s magnetic field in greater depth. D. It can block out the sun’s light for better measurements. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. The importance of solar physics research. B. The comparison between DKIST and UCoMP. C. The sun’s magnetic field and its impact on Earth. D. The new progress in measuring the sun’s coronal magnetic field. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家首次对太阳日冕磁场进行近乎每日的测量，还说明了相关仪器及此次测量取得的新进展。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now, for the first time, scientists have taken nearly daily measurements of the sun’s coronal (日冕的) magnetic field and this observation offers a more dynamic view of this solar region. (现在，科学家们首次对太阳的日冕磁场进行了近乎每日的测量，这一观测为这个太阳区域提供了更动态的视角)”可知，对太阳日冕磁场的新观测能让我们进一步深入了解某个太阳区域。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Global mapping of the coronal magnetic field has been a big missing part in the study of the sun,’ said Zihao Yang, a postdoctoral fellow from Peking University in China. ‘This research is helping us fill a crucial gap in our understanding of coronal magnetic fields, which are the source of the energy for storms that can impact Earth.’ (北京大学的博士后Zihao Yang说：“日冕磁场的全球测绘一直是太阳研究中一个很大的缺失部分。这项研究正在帮助我们填补对日冕磁场理解的关键空白，日冕磁场是可能影响地球的风暴能量的来源。”)”可知，Zihao Yang认为，这项研究填补对日冕磁场理解的关键空白，是具有开创性的研究。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“UCoMP has a much smaller aperture (光图) compared to DKIST, but it can take a wider view, which makes it possible for scientists to study the entire sun on most days. (与DKIST相比，UCoMP的光圈要小得多，但它可以提供更广阔的视野，这使得科学家们在大多数日子里都能研究整个太阳)”可知，与DKIST相比，UCoMP的主要优势是它能提供更广阔的太阳视野。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Now, for the first time, scientists have taken nearly daily measurements of the sun’s coronal (日冕的) magnetic field and this observation offers a more dynamic view of this solar region. (现在，科学家们首次对太阳的日冕磁场进行了近乎每日的测量，这一观测为这个太阳区域提供了更动态的视角)”以及最后一段中“Using DKIST’s and UCoMP’s measurements together offers a more all sided view of the coronal magnetic field. (结合DKIST和UCoMP的测量结果，可以更全面地了解日冕磁场)”可知，本文主要介绍了在测量太阳日冕磁场方面取得的新进展。故选D项。 Passage 5 (2025届河南省豫西北教研联盟(许洛平)高三一模)Plans are being drawn up for a lunar “Noah’s Ark” to help save endangered species from extinction. The coming biorepository, a storage facility for frozen samples, would house live samples from most animals in the world and serve as a save in case the species disappeared on Earth. It would likely be built at the north or south pole of the moon, where craters(陨石坑) create permanent shadow and a temperature of almost -200℃. Scientists from the Smithsonian, Harvard and other leading US institutions are working on how to obtain samples from at-risk biodiversity on Earth, freeze them and send them to the lunar surface for safekeeping. In a paper published in the journal BioScience, the academics say they have already begun creating a plan for space storage based on the starry goby, a bony fish. Potential difficulties include how the samples can be protected from the severity of space travel as well as the high radiation levels in space. Biorepositories such as the one on Svalbard in Norway are designed to be durable but may still conflict with earthly risks, the scientists warn, and having a shelter on the moon could provide a back-up plan that is uninfluenced to earthbound events. The constantly cold temperatures on the moon are ideal for a biorepository of cryopreserved(冷冻保存的) samples, the scientists say, as it would mean the system could be passive and not need a power supply. “Such a biorepository would safeguard biodiversity and act as a measure against its loss occurring because of natural disasters, climate change, over-population, resource depletion(枯竭), wars, socioeconomic threats and other causes on Earth,” the scientists write. “This is a decades-long programme,” the scientists write. “Protecting Earth’s life must be a top priority in the rush on the moon sites for industries and many types of science.” NASA is also interested in the south pole of the moon for the same permanently shadowed regions because they may also host ice and this could help establish a human possession on the moon. 1. What is the lunar “Noah’s Ark” actually? A. A territory. B. A storehouse. C. A burial field. D. A laboratory. 2. How do the bony fish appear in the project? A. As an emergency food. B. As an endangered species. C. As an easily stored fish. D. As an experimental article. 3. The moon is considered ideal for the project due to ________. A. sustained cold B. a lack of sunlight C. the best security D. lowered radiation 4. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Species on Earth are gradually increasing. B. The threats on the earth are under control. C. Scientists have high hopes for “Noah’s Ark”. D. “Noah’s Ark” is currently running smoothly. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了月球上的“诺亚方舟”计划。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Plans are being drawn up for a lunar “Noah’s Ark” to help save endangered species from extinction. The coming biorepository, a storage facility for frozen samples, would house live samples from most animals in the world and serve as a save in case the species disappeared on Earth.(为了拯救濒临灭绝的物种，月球上的“诺亚方舟”计划正在起草中。未来的生物库，一个冷冻样本的储存设施，将容纳世界上大多数动物的活样本，并将作为防止物种在地球上消失的保险库。)”可知，月球上的“诺亚方舟”实际上是一个储存设施。故选B项。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists from the Smithsonian, Harvard and other leading US institutions are working on how to obtain samples from at-risk biodiversity on Earth, freeze them and send them to the lunar sur$