专题02 阅读理解(说明文)(一)-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语一模试题分类汇编（新高考通用）

专题02 阅读理解(说明文)(一) 高频话题01 人与自我—个人保健/医疗 Passage 1 (2025安徽省示范高中皖北协作区高三下学期一模)Researchers have developed a machine learning algorithm(算法) to accurately detect heart murmurs(杂音) in dogs, one of the main indicators of heart disease. The research team, led by the University of Cambridge, adapted an algorithm. originally designed for humans and found it could automatically detect and grade heart murmurs in dogs, based on audio recordings from digital stethoscopes(听诊器). “Heart disease in humans is a huge health issue, but in dogs it’s an even bigger problem,” said Dr Andrew McDonald from Cambridge’s Department of Engineering. “Roughly one in every thirty dogs seen by a vet has a heart murmur, although the incidence is higher in small breed dogs and older dogs. Most smaller dog breeds will have heart disease when they get older, but obviously dogs can’t communicate in the same way that humans can, so it’s up to primary care vets to detect heart disease early enough so it can be treated.” The researchers started with a database of heart sounds from about 1,000 human patients and developed the machine learning algorithm. They then adapted it so it could be used with heart sounds from dogs. The researchers gathered data from almost 800 dogs that were undergoing routine heart examination. All dogs received a full physical examination and heart scan to grade any heart murmurs and identify heart disease. Their heart sounds were recorded using an electronic stethoscope. The researchers adjusted the algorithm so it could both detect and grade heart murmurs based on the audio recordings, and tell the difference between murmurs associated with mild disease and those reflecting advanced heart disease that required further treatment. “So many people talk about AL as a threat to jobs, but for me, I see it as a tool that will make me a better doctor,” said. co-author. Professor Jose Novo Matos. “We don’t have enough time or veterinary(兽医的) specialists to screen every dog with a murmur. But tools like these could help vets and owners, so we can quickly identify those dogs that are most in need of treatment.” 1. What is the function of the machine learning algorithm? A. To record sounds of dogs. B. To treat heart disease in dogs. C. To identify and rate heart murmurs in dogs. D. To train vets to recognize heart murmurs in dogs. 2. Why is heart disease in dogs considered a bigger problem than that in humans? A. Dogs can’t express their symptoms like humans. B. Vets are less skilled in detecting heart disease. C. Dogs have a higher incidence of heart disease. D. Heart disease in dogs is harder to treat. 3. What can be inferred about the researchers’ approach to developing the algorithm? A. Adapting the algorithm for dogs was unplanned. B. Dog data was prioritized over human data to r accuracy. C. The algorithm is less accurate for dogs than for humans. D. The development of the algorithm was based on human data. 4. What is Jose Novo Matos attitude to the use of AI in veterinary medicine? A. Skeptical. B. Negative. C. Positive. D. Neutral. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员开发的一种机器学习算法，该算法能够准确检测狗的心脏杂音，这是心脏病的主要指标之一。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Researchers have developed a machine learning algorithm (算法) to accurately detect heart murmurs (杂音) in dogs, one of the main indicators of heart disease.(研究人员开发出了一种机器学习算法，能够准确检测出狗的心脏杂音，而心脏杂音是心脏病的主要指标之一。)”以及第三段“The researchers adjusted the algorithm so it could both detect and grade heart murmurs based on the audio recordings, and tell the difference between murmurs associated with mild disease and those reflecting advanced heart disease that required further treatment.(研究人员对算法进行了调整，使其既能根据音频记录检测并对心脏杂音进行分级，又能区分与轻微疾病相关的杂音和那些反映出需要进一步治疗的晚期心脏病的杂音。)”可知，该算法可以自动检测狗的心脏杂音并对其进行分级，还能区分不同程度的心脏杂音。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段““Roughly one in every thirty dogs seen by a vet has a heart murmur, although the incidence is higher in small breed dogs and older dogs. Most smaller dog breeds will have heart disease when they get older, but obviously dogs can’t communicate in the same way that humans can, so it’s up to primary care vets to detect heart disease early enough so it can be treated.”(“在兽医接诊的狗中，大约每三十只里就有一只存在心脏杂音，不过在小型犬种和老年犬中，心脏杂音的发生率更高。大多数小型犬种在年老时都会患上心脏病，但很明显，狗无法像人类那样进行交流，所以这就需要初级保健兽医尽早发现心脏病，以便能够对其进行治疗。”)”可知，狗不能像人类那样交流，无法表达自己的症状，这使得发现狗的心脏病变得困难，需要兽医尽早发现，所以心脏病在狗身上被认为是更严重的问题。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The researchers started with a database of heart sounds from about 1,000 human patients and developed the machine learning algorithm.(研究人员从一个包含约1000名人类患者心脏声音的数据库入手，开发了这种机器学习算法。)”可知，研究人员是从大约1000名人类患者的心脏声音数据库开始，进而开发了这种机器学习算法，所以算法的开发是基于人类数据的。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““So many people talk about AL as a threat to jobs, but for me, I see it as a tool that will make me a better doctor, ” said.co-author. Professor Jose Novo Matos. “We don’t have enough time or veterinary (兽医的) specialists to screen every dog with a murmur. But tools like these could help vets and owners, so we can quickly identify those dogs that are most in need of treatment.”(论文的合著者Jose Novo Matos教授说：“很多人都认为人工智能是对工作的一种威胁，但对我来说，我把它看作是一种能让我成为更优秀医生的工具。” “我们没有足够的时间，也没有足够的兽医专家来对每一只存在心脏杂音的狗进行筛查。但像这样的工具可以帮助兽医和宠物主人，这样我们就能快速确定哪些狗最需要治疗。”)”可知，Jose Novo Matos对人工智能在兽医领域的应用持积极的态度。故选C。 Passage 2 (2025河北省部分重点高中高三下学期调研考试)While Ozempic causes “significant lean mass loss”, it burns calories with no apparent side effects. Scientists claim they have discovered a new drug that promotes weight loss similar to Ozempic, but without much loss of muscle. The 47 scientists behind the study hope the new drug candidate, which is referred to as NK2R, could eventually become an option for people who haven’t had success with other weight loss treatment. “Many slimming pills can cause an unpleasant vomiting (呕吐) response. However, our drug had no such side effect,” Zach Gerhart-Hines — co-author on the study — told BBC. “Compared to Ozempic, it causes little muscle loss.” So how does it work? The research claims NK2R affects the body in two main ways: firstly, by targeting your brain and reducing appetite. Secondly, the drug increases calorie burning in the muscles and body fat. NK2R, the scientists say, acts on a different neural circuit in the brain than Ozempic. Ozempic boosts calorie burning by mimicking (模仿) a hormone called GLP-1, which reduces hunger and appetite, while NK2R drug works differently. It targets a molecule (分子) found naturally in the body’s cells, known also as NK2R. Scientists say activating NK2R through the drug can influence blood sugar and body weight. When the research team administered the drug to overweight mice, it resulted in weight loss and a decrease in food intake. But some health experts have reservations about the impact this treatment will have on humans. “The study is currently a theory based on animals. Will it work in practice?” Dr. Adam Collins — Associate Professor of Nutrition at the University of Surrey — explained to BBC. Researchers aim to begin clinical trials of NK2R on humans within the next two years. 1. What can be learned from paragraph 2? A. NK2R will take the place of Ozempic. B. Ozempic usually leads patients to vomit. C. NK2R may be popular among customers. D. NK2R causes no muscle loss compared to Ozempic. 2. How does the author explain how NK2R functions? A. By quoting authorities. B. By listing numbers. C. By making comparisons. D. By giving examples. 3. What is Dr. Adam Collins’s attitude towards NK2R? A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Concerned. D. Indifferent. 4. Why does the author write the text? A. To advertise for NK2R. B. To introduce a new diet pill. C. To stress the importance of health. D. To inform readers of NK2R’s function. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型减肥药物NK2R的作用机制及其与现有药物Ozempic的对比，并提到了科学家和专家对该药物的看法。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The 47 scientists behind the study hope the new drug candidate, which is referred to as NK2R, could eventually become an option for people who haven’t had success with other weight loss treatment. “Many slimming pills can cause an unpleasant vomiting(呕吐) response. However, our drug had no such side effect,” Zach Gerhart-Hines—co-author on the study—told BBC. “Compared to Ozempic, it causes little muscle loss.”.(参与这项研究的47位科学家希望这种被称为NK2R的新药最终能成为那些在其他减肥治疗中没有成功的人的一种选择。“许多减肥药会引起不愉快的呕吐反应。然而，我们的药物没有这样的副作用”该研究的合著者扎克·格哈特-海恩斯告诉BBC。“与Ozempic相比，它几乎不会造成肌肉损失。”)”可知，NK2R没有呕吐之类的副作用且几乎不会造成肌肉损失，由此推知，它可能会受到消费者的欢迎。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“NK2R, the scientists say, acts on a different neural circuit in the brain than Ozempic. Ozempic boosts calorie burning by mimicking (模仿) a hormone called GLP-1, which reduces hunger and appetite, while NK2R drug works differently. It targets a molecule (分子) found naturally in the body’s cells, known also as NK2R. (科学家们说，NK2R作用于大脑中与Ozempic不同的神经回路。Ozempic通过模仿一种叫做GLP-1的激素来促进卡路里燃烧，这种激素可以减少饥饿感和食欲，而NK2R药物的作用不同。它的目标是一种天然存在于人体细胞中的分子，也被称为NK2R)”可知，作者通过对比NK2R和Ozempic的作用机制来解释NK2R的功能。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But some health experts have reservations about the impact this treatment will have on humans. “The study is currently a theory based on animals. Will it work in practice?” Dr. Adam Collins — Associate Professor of Nutrition at the University of Surrey — explained to BBC.(但一些健康专家对该治疗对人类的影响持保留态度。“目前的研究是基于动物的理论。它在实践中会有效吗？”萨里大学营养学副教授Adam Collins博士向BBC解释道)”可知，Dr. Adam Collins对NK2R持怀疑态度。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists claim they have discovered a new drug that promotes weight loss similar to Ozempic, but without much loss of muscle.(科学家声称，他们发现了一种类似于Ozempic的新药，可以促进减肥，但不会减少太多肌肉)”以及第二段“The 47 scientists behind the study hope the new drug candidate, which is referred to as NK2R, could eventually become an option for people who haven’t had success with other weight loss treatment.(参与这项研究的47位科学家希望这种被称为NK2R的新药最终能成为那些在其他减肥治疗中没有成功的人的一种选择)”可知，主要介绍了一种新型减肥药物NK2R的作用机制及其与现有药物Ozempic的对比。所以短文的目的是介绍一种新的减肥药。故选B。 Passage 3 (2025河北省沧州市五县联考高三下学期一模)When you see someone take that first sip of freshly made milk tea, their face looks like pure joy. Today, millions of people enjoy this experience. Across the world, customers flock to their favorite spots to meet with friends and savor sips of these tasty drinks. In the early 2000s, though, milk tea was just coming on the scene. The few brands that had successfully established themselves in the industry were dearly concerned: Would milk tea just be another fashion food? Sure, people are enjoying it today, but would they still be in a year, or five years? And with so much new excitement for this product, would people be able to distinguish milk tea companies? These are the questions that Serenitea, a Manila-based milk-tea company, faced in 2014. While successfully opening 60 stores, they found themselves in a strategic fog, which led them to research into the deep, unexplored psychology of milk tea. Like Airbnb, Serenitea partnered with an agency, CIA Bootleg Manila (CBM), that specializes in drilling down to the deep consumer “why”. The agency conducted a series of intensive, psychological-based techniques in its market research. Specifically, they probed the consumer’s deeper, emotional connections to milk tea, including their earliest childhood memories of milk and tea. What they found was that milk tea was a complex topic. Their research revealed that milk tea produces three consistent psychological responses. People connected to milk through the concept of nurturing (滋养); they fondly remembered their childhood and being cared for by their mothers. Next, consumers connected tea to its healing properties. Respondents would recall receiving tea when they had stomachache or seeing their parents drinking herbal tea for health reasons. Lastly, they associated milk tea itself with teenage fun: a guilty pleasure of their youth. They had uncovered the three psychological cornerstones(基石) of the milk tea experience: nurturing, healing, and teenage fun. This set of insights was crucial. By integrating them into the core of their brand strategy, they struck out an entirely new path. 1. Which is closest in meaning to “probed ” in paragraph 4? A. Applied. B. Related. C. Demonstrated. D. Investigated. 2. What can we learn from the passage? A. Serenata planned to distinguish itself from competitors. B. Serenitea outperformed its opponents in research field. C. Serenitea suffered a temporary strategic failure in 2014. D. Serenitea partnered with a leading psychological agency. 3. What can Serenitea do with the findings from their research? A. Offer as many new flavors as possible. B. Create a youthful and playful brand image. C. Redesign stores by adding romantic elements. D. Conduct intensive market research with CBM. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. A New Path to Business Success B. Three Cornerstones of Milk Tea C. Sharing the Pure Joy of Milk Tea D. Revealing Milk Tea Psychology 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了奶茶背后心理学原理的发现和揭示过程。 1. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“While successfully opening 60 stores, they found themselves in a strategic fog, which led them to research into the deep, unexplored psychology of milk tea.(在成功开设60家门店的同时，他们发现自己陷入了战略迷雾，这促使他们开始研究奶茶的深层次、未被探索的心理)”可知，他们要调查research into。结合第五段“What they found was that milk tea was a complex topic.(他们发现，奶茶是一个复杂的话题)”可知，他们调查出了结果。故划线词后文“the consumer’s deeper, emotional connections to milk tea, including their earliest childhood memories of milk and tea”指出了他们研究调查的细分领域。故划线词意思是“调查”。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“And with so much new excitement for this product, would people be able to distinguish milk tea companies?(有了这么多新的兴奋点，人们能区分出奶茶公司吗？)”以及第三段“These are the questions that Serenitea, a Manila-based milk-tea company, faced in 2014.(这些都是马尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea在2014年面临的问题)”可知，Serenata计划将自己与竞争对手区分开来。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Next, consumers connected tea to its healing properties. Respondents would recall receiving tea when they had stomachache or seeing their parents drinking herbal tea for health reasons. Lastly, they associated milk tea itself with teenage fun: a guilty pleasure of their youth.(其次，消费者将茶与它的治疗特性联系起来。受访者会回忆起当他们胃痛或看到他们的父母为了健康原因喝凉茶时收到的茶。最后，他们将奶茶本身与青少年的乐趣联系在一起：他们年轻时的一种罪恶的快乐)”以及最后一段“They had uncovered the three psychological cornerstones (基石) of the milk tea experience: nurturing, healing, and teenage fun.(他们发现了奶茶体验的三个心理基石：养育、治疗和青少年乐趣)”可知，Serenitea可以用他们的研究结果打造年轻俏皮的品牌形象。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“These are the questions that Serenitea, a Manila-based milk-tea company, faced in 2014. While successfully opening 60 stores, they found themselves in a strategic fog, which led them to research into the deep, unexplored psychology of milk tea.(这些都是马尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea在2014年面临的问题。在成功开设60家门店的同时，他们发现自己陷入了战略迷雾，这促使他们开始研究奶茶的深层次、未被探索的心理)”以及文章主要说明了奶茶背后心理学原理的发现和揭示过程，按照时间顺序展开，从出现问题到寻求解决，最终找到答案。故D选项“揭示奶茶心理”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 4 (2025河北省邢台市名校协作高三下学期一模)The industrial solvent(溶剂) trichloroethylene (TCE) was once an ingredient in the process of removing caffeine from coffee. However, it was banned by the food industry in the 1970s. Despite that, it is still a necessary element in some household products, such as cleaning wipes, tool cleaners, paint removers, carpet cleaners and spot removers. In the United Kingdom, dry cleaners stopped using it in the mid-1950s, but according to Public Health England, it still plays a necessary part in metal cleaning. A global study in 2021 found TCE increased the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease, a progressive disorder that affects the nervous system and the parts of the body controlled by the nerves. It is said that the harmful chemical was fueling rising numbers of cases of Parkinson’s disease across the world. About one million people in the US currently suffer from the condition. Doctors diagnose (诊断) 60,000 Americans each year. Brian Grant, who played for 12 years in the NBA, was diagnosed at the age of 36. The study authors say he was exposed to TCE when he was just three years old. He lived with his father, a US Marine at Camp Lejeune where TCE has been found polluting the military base. Amy Lindberg was similarly exposed there while serving as a US Navy captain. She was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease 40 years later. The study also details others whose condition was the result of living close to a polluted site or working with the chemical directly. The US alone is home to thousands of polluted sites. Researchers say the country needs to speed up cleaning and controlling efforts. They argue that TCE should be further limited in use and be replaced by other chemicals as soon as possible. Besides, TCE levels in groundwater, drinking water, soil, and outdoor and indoor air require closer monitoring, and the information needs to be shared with those who live and work near polluted sites. 1. What makes TCE a necessary element in household products? A. Its environment-friendly property. B. Its easy availability in daily life. C. Its outstanding cleaning ability. D. Its power of ensuring product safety. 2. What did the global study in 2021 show? A. The young tended to develop Parkinson’s disease. B. TCE and Parkinson’s disease were closely related. C. Parkinson’s disease was caused by complex factors. D. Parkinson’s disease proved more deadly than before. 3. What can be known about Brian Grant and Amy Lindberg mentioned in paragraph 4? A. They fell sick shortly after joining the US Navy. B. They worked with the chemical of TCE directly. C. They suffered because of their exposure to TCE. D. They were diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease early. 4. Which of the following shows the researchers’ opinion? A. TCE levels in the air are impossible to monitor. B. Measures of handling TCE should be stricter. C. The use of chemicals requires more freedom. D. Efforts to replace TCE have proven very simple. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，一种常用于清洁产品的化学物质TCE会增加人们患帕金森病的风险。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Despite that, it is still a necessary element in some household products, such as cleaning wipes, tool cleaners, paint removers, carpet cleaners and spot removers. In the United Kingdom, dry cleaners stopped using it in the mid-1950s, but according to Public Health England, it still plays a necessary part in metal cleaning. (尽管如此，它仍然是一些家用产品中的必要元素，如清洁湿巾、工具清洁剂、除漆剂、地毯清洁剂和除斑剂。在英国，干洗店在20世纪50年代中期停止使用它，但据英国公共卫生部称，它在金属清洁中仍然起着必要的作用。)”可知，TCE有不错的清洁能力，因此它成为家用产品中必不可少的元素。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“A global study in 2021 found TCE increased the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease, a progressive disorder that affects the nervous system and the parts of the body controlled by the nerves. It is said that the harmful chemical was fueling rising numbers of cases of Parkinson’s disease across the world. (2021年的一项全球研究发现，TCE增加了患帕金森病的风险，帕金森病是一种影响神经系统和神经控制的身体部位的进行性疾病。据说，这种有害化学物质正在助长世界各地帕金森病病例的增加。)”可知，2021年的一项全球性研究发现，TCE会增加人们患帕金森病的风险，换言之，TCE和帕金森病密切相关。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Brian Grant, who played for 12 years in the NBA, was diagnosed at the age of 36. The study authors say he was exposed to TCE when he was just three years old. He lived with his father, a US Marine at Camp Lejeune where TCE has been found polluting the military base. Amy Lindberg was similarly exposed there while serving as a US Navy captain. She was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease 40 years later. (布莱恩·格兰特在NBA打了12年球，36岁时被诊断出患有此病。该研究的作者说，他三岁时就接触过TCE。他与父亲住在勒琼营地，父亲是一名美国海军陆战队员，在那里发现TCE污染了军事基地。艾米·林德伯格在担任美国海军上尉期间也同样暴露在那里。40年后，她被诊断出患有帕金森病。)”可知，第四段提到的这两个人都因为曾经接触TCE而被诊断患有帕金森病。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchers say the country needs to speed up cleaning and controlling efforts. They argue that TCE should be further limited in use and be replaced by other chemicals as soon as possible. Besides, TCE levels in groundwater, drinking water, soil, and outdoor and indoor air require closer monitoring, and the information needs to be shared with those who live and work near polluted sites. (研究人员表示，该国需要加快清洁和控制工作。他们认为，应进一步限制TCE的使用，并尽快用其他化学品取代。此外，地下水、饮用水、土壤以及室外和室内空气中的TCE水平需要更密切的监测，这些信息需要与在污染场地附近生活和工作的人共享。)”可知，研究人员们建议采取多种措施摆脱使用TCE和检测生活中的TCE含量。由此可推断，研究人员们会赞同“处理TCE的措施应该更严格。”这一观点。故选B。 Passage 5 (2025江苏省南通、泰州、镇江等市高三上学期第一次调研测试)Today’s digital media deliver rapid messages — such as phone notifications and text overlays on videos — to our brains at an impressive speed, far faster than spoken words reach us. But can we process these texts as quickly as we can determine the makeup of the visuals that are also a part of our screen life? The scientists began their research by considering current scientific explanations of how we understand language, which center on word-by-word sentence processing models. They concluded these don’t effectively account for how quickly our brains can process entire sentences seen at a glance, as opposed to word by word like in speech. The scientists used a technique called magnetoencephalography, which uses magnetic (磁的) fields to track electrical activity in the brain. While being scanned, volunteers were presented with a three-word sentence structure that flashed onto a screen for 300milliseconds, followed by a second set of words that was either identical or differed by one word. The participants were asked to assess whether the second sentence was the same as the first or had been changed. The scans revealed that the left temporal cortex of the brain, which is an important part of the brain’s ability to understand language, showed higher levels of activity for three-word sentences than random word lists. The activity appeared in just 125 milliseconds. The fastest brain activity was observed when phrases like “nurses clean wounds” were presented, in comparison to noun lists such as “hearts lungs livers”. A similar rapid response was noted when sentences with a subject, verb and object were altered so that they contained an agreement error — for example “nurses cleans wounds” — or became implausible (难以置信的), for example “wounds clean nurses”. But the effect disappeared when the sentences were given less typical structures, for example “wounds nurses clean” or “wounds cleans nurses”. While the authors note they focused on English, adding that rapid at-a-glance comprehension may rely on other features in different languages, they say the study offers new insights. “The earliest stage of at-a-glance comprehension appears to be more structure than meaning driven,” they write. 1. What did the new research focus on? A. The impact of constant flood of short messages. B. Human brain’s comprehension of screen visuals. C. The essence of word-by-word sentence processing. D. Human brain’s at-a-glance sentence comprehension. 2. What task did researchers set for volunteers of the experiment? A. Indicating whether the sentences match. B. Correcting mistakes in the flashed sentences. C. Interpreting the meanings of unstructured sentences. D. Combining unrelated words to form meaningful sentences. 3. Which of the following was associated with the quickest brain response? A. Lists of nouns. B. Three-word sentences. C. Unstructured words. D. Less typical structures. 4. What does the last paragraph talk about concerning the research? A. Its implication. B. Its practical application. C. Expectations for follow-up studies. D. Scientists with new perspectives. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于人类大脑对句子的一瞥理解，介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究的影响。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The scientists began their research by considering current scientific explanations of how we understand language, which center on word-by-word sentence processing models. They concluded these don’t effectively account for how quickly our brains can process entire sentences seen at a glance, as opposed to word by word like in speech.(科学家们首先考虑了目前关于我们如何理解语言的科学解释，这些解释以逐字的句子处理模型为中心。他们得出的结论是，这些并不能有效地解释我们的大脑能多快地处理一眼看到的整个句子，而不是像讲话那样一个词一个词地处理)”可知，这项新研究的重点是人类大脑对句子的一瞥理解。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The participants were asked to assess whether the second sentence was the same as the first or had been changed.(参与者被要求评估第二句话是否与第一句相同，还是被改变了)”可知，研究人员安排实验志愿者指出句子是否匹配。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The scans revealed that the left temporal cortex of the brain, which is an important part of the brain’s ability to understand language, showed higher levels of activity for three-word sentences than random word lists. The activity appeared in just 125 milliseconds. The fastest brain activity was observed when phrases like “nurses clean wounds” were presented, in comparison to noun lists such as “hearts lungs livers”.(扫描显示，大脑的左颞叶皮层是大脑理解语言能力的重要组成部分，在三个单词的句子中比随机单词列表显示出更高的活动水平。这种活动仅在125毫秒内出现。与“心脏、肺、肝脏”等名词列表相比，当出现“护士清理伤口”等短语时，大脑活动最快)”可知，与最快的大脑反应有关是三个单词的句子。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“While the authors note they focused on English, adding that rapid at-a-glance comprehension may rely on other features in different languages, they say the study offers new insights. “The earliest stage of at-a-glance comprehension appears to be more structure than meaning driven,” they write.(虽然作者指出，他们的研究重点是英语，并补充说，快速的一瞥理解可能依赖于不同语言的其他特征，但他们表示，这项研究提供了新的见解。他们写道：“一瞥理解的最早阶段似乎更多的是结构而不是意义驱动。”)”可知，这项研究提供了新的见解，最后一段讲了研究可能的影响。故选A。 Passage 6 (2025江苏省苏锡常镇高三下学期一模)Intensity exercises often get praised for their role in preventing illnesses like high blood pressure, heart disease, and Type 2 diabetes-not to mention their mental health benefits. But there’s a common mistake: the more intense the exercise, the better the benefits. A recent research shows that low-to-moderate(低到中等的) intensity exercise,such as Zone 2 training,maybe just as-or even more-effective for improving health and endurance(持久力). Exercise intensity is often broken down into five separate heart rate zones, each representing a different percentage of your maximum heart rate. Zone 2, which falls between 60 to 70 percent of a person’s maximum heart rate, is “your all-day pace”. Theoretically, it’s at such a low intensity that you can keep going and going. This kind of exercise offers a unique advantage：it's just below the lactate threshold(乳酸阈值) the point where lactate-an essential energy source-builds up in the blood faster than it can be removed. As exercise intensity increases beyond Zone 2, the body’s energy demands shift to favor a lactate-producing system over a lactate-consuming one. At these higher intensities, carbohydrate(碳水化合物) use increases as a rapid fuel source while fat burning slows down. Zone 2 exercises can provide a competitive advantage for endurance athletes, as fat is more readily available as an energy source than sugars. “If you are able to use fat as an energy source when you are exercising, you are going to reduce your reliance on sugar stores,” says Holmer,an exercise scientist. It also improves endurance by increasing the body’s ability to use a more efficient way for longer periods of exercise. For people just starting a fitness routine, Zone 2 training has some additional benefits,the major one being that it is sustainable. Zone 2 training can be done at a moderate pace, leaving a person feeling better the next day and ready to go again. In contrast, over-reliance on high-intensity training can lead to quicker burnout and longer recovery times. “Exercise doesn’t have to hurt,” Holmer says. 1. How can we describe “your all-day pace” in paragraph 2? A. Sustainable. B. Difficult. C. Unchanged. D. Unrealistic. 2. Which of the following happens when Zone 2 training is done? A. The burning of fat slows down. B. The use of carbohydrate is enhanced. C. Lactate is removed faster than it is built up. D. The lactate-producing system is favored. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. How Zone 2 training benefits endurance. B. Whether Zone 2 training is good to athletes. C. What is used as energy sources for Zone 2 exercises. D. Why a more efficient way is used for Zone 2 exercises. 4. What does Holmer suggest starters do by saying “Exercise doesn’t have to hurt”? A. Stop doing too much Zone 2 training. B. Stop doing high-intensity training. C. Do training at a moderate pace. D. Do less exercise to avoid hurting themselves. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了低到中等强度的运动(如Zone 2训练)对健康和耐力的益处，尤其是其在预防疾病、提高身体效率方面的优势。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Zone 2, which falls between 60 to 70 percent of a person’s maximum heart rate, is “ your all-day pace.” Theoretically, it’s at such a low intensity that you can keep going and going.(Zone 2训练处于一个人最大心率的60%到70%之间，是“你全天的节奏”。理论上，它的强度很低，你可以持续进行)”可知，“your all-day pace”指的是可持续的运动节奏。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“This kind of exercise offers a unique advantage：it’s just below the lactate threshold the point where lactate-an essential energy source-builds up in the blood faster than it can be removed.(这种运动有一个独特的优势：它刚好低于乳酸阈值，乳酸是一种必需的能量来源，在血液中积累的速度比去除的速度要快)”可知，Zone 2训练时，乳酸的清除速度比积累速度快。故选C。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Zone 2 exercises can provide  a competitive advantage for endurance athletes, as fat is more readily  available as an energy source than sugars. “If you are able to use fat  as an energy source when you are exercising, you are going to reduce  your reliance on sugar stores,” says Holmer,an exercise scientist. It  also improves endurance by increasing the body’s ability to use a more  efficient way for longer periods of exercise.(Zone 2可以为耐力运动员提供竞争优势，因为脂肪比糖更容易作为能量来源。运动科学家霍尔默说：“如果你在锻炼时能够将脂肪作为能量来源，你就会减少对糖储存的依赖。”它还通过增加身体使用更有效的方式进行长时间运动的能力来提高耐力)”可知，本段主要讲述Zone 2训练如何增强耐力。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For people just starting a fitness routine, Zone 2 training has some additional benefits,the major one being that it is sustainable. Zone 2 training can be done at a moderate pace, leaving a person feeling better the next day and ready to go again. In contrast, over-reliance on high-intensity training can lead to quicker burnout and longer recovery times.“Exercise doesn’t have to hurt,“ Holmer says.对于刚开始健身的人来说，Zone 2训练有一些额外的好处，主要的是它是可持续的。Zone 2训练可以以适度的速度进行，让一个人在第二天感觉更好，并准备好再次进行。相反，过度依赖高强度训练会导致更快的疲劳和更长的恢复时间。“运动并不一定会造成伤害，”霍尔默说)”可知，Holmer建议初学者以适度的速度进行训练。选故选C。 Passage 7 (2025届湖北省部分高中协作体高三年级三月联考一模)One major issue in contemporary medical science is the use of humans in clinical trials of medical products. These trials occur frequently to determine the best way to manage diseases. People are invited randomly and paid to take part in trials of an experimental drug, or new surgical procedure, in a number of countries at the one time. For example, up to a quarter of patients in some fields like breast cancer may be engaged. Other projects, one of which is to determine whether new scanning techniques can detect Alzheimer’s disease, are under way. They may be given the drug or a placebo(安慰剂), or the best existing treatment, and results compared. The trials may be ”blind” with the patient not knowing which group they are in or they may be a “double-blind” with the doctors not knowing either. Actually, so many people offer themselves willingly. Patients take the views that at least they will get special attention from the doctor if they participate and they may get access to new drugs before they become available in chemists’ shops. In some countries people are paid to participate, especially in poorer countries where they may be told little of what is actually happening. Yet there are significant risks too. One US study estimated that one in 30 people suffered side effects from such trials, and one in 10, 000 dies. Doctors say that the risk is not so great during the trial itself, where patients are closely monitored, but comes when the drug is released on the market place. For example, in 2004 a US company recalled an arthritis drug, when it was found that after 18 months of use, the risk of heart attack and stroke increased. People who support testing claim the risks to the individual are small compared with the benefits. Even if the individual has adverse outcomes and their condition worsens, that is valuable information for the drug company. While the drug companies usually pay for the hospital trials, government has set up medical committees to handle the issue. 1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. The purpose of medical trial. B. The procedure of medical trial. C. The groups of medical trial. D. The result of medical trial. 2. Why does the author mention the example in the fourth paragraph? A. To tell us a lot of patients die from the medical trials. B. To show the risk of heart attack and stroke has increased. C. To introduce the risks of the medical trials are not so great. D. To explain the risks of some drugs appear when they are sold. 3. What does the underlined word “adverse“ in the last paragraph mean? A. negative B. effective C. subjective D. impressive 4. What would the author most probably discuss next? A. How the government prevents clinical trials. B. How the government gathers the information. C. How the medical committees pay for the hospital trials. D. How the medical committees solve the problem. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述当代医学科学的一个主要问题是在医疗产品的临床试验中使用人体，并且主要介绍了医学试验的程序，意义和风险。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“People are invited randomly and paid to take part in trials of an experimental drug, or new surgical procedure, in a number of countries at the one time. (人们被随机邀请并支付报酬，同时在多个国家参加实验性药物或新外科手术的试验。)”以及下文的例子可知第二段主要讲述医学试验的程序。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Doctors say that the risk is not so great during the trial itself, where patients are closely monitored, but comes when the drug is released on the market place. For example, in 2004 a US company recalled an arthritis drug, when it was found that after 18 months of use, the risk of heart attack and stroke increased. (医生们说，在试验期间，患者受到密切监测，风险并不大，但当药物投放市场时，风险就会出现。例如，2004年，一家美国公司召回了一种关节炎药物，因为它被发现在使用18个月后，心脏病发作和中风的风险增加了。)”可知作者在第四段提到这个例子实在解释一些药物在出售时出现的风险。故选D。 3. 词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“People who support testing claim the risks to the individual are small compared with the benefits. (支持测试的人声称，与好处相比，测试对个人的风险很小。)”可推测下文意思是“即使患者有不良后果，病情恶化，这对制药公司来说也是有价值的信息。”由此可猜测单词adverse意为“负面的”，故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While the drug companies usually pay for the hospital trials, government has set up medical committees to handle the issue. (虽然通常由制药公司支付医院试验费用，但政府已经成立了医疗委员会来处理这一问题。)”可推断下文最有可能讨论医疗委员会如何解决这个问题。故选D。 Passage 8 (2025湖北省部分高中协作体高三年级三月联考一模)In 2006, documents were published by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They suggested that cloned animals and cloned animal products would be allowed into the American food supply. The FDA has stated that cloned animal products are safe for consumption, and has performed many studies to support this view. In fact, products from cloned animals have already been eaten by some Americans without ill effects. The FDA analyzed the structure(结构)and content of cloned animal products and compared it with that of traditionally reproduced animals, and discovered no statistical difference between the two. Consumers raised serious concerns about cloned animals. The first is the question of whether or not cloned tissue and animal products are truly safe. The second is that many clones are also genetically modified(转基因的)animals, which the FDA has said are unsafe for human consumption. The third is that consumers want to be able to choose what they put into their bodies. The first concern about cloned animals is almost unnecessary due to the price of producing a clone. Making a clone needs hard work and is very costly. These clones live spoiled lives because they are very valuable, despite biologists' warning that cloned animals decrease diversity. The second concern, about genetic modification of cloned animals, is more problematic. It may be very difficult to separate genetically modified animals from normal ones. The purpose of genetically modified cloned animals is unclear, and the FDA hasn't allowed their products onto the market, due to health concerns, but the risk of genetic pollution of healthy animals still exists. Finally, the matter of choice is a large one. Many animal rights activists are worried about clone rights because cloned or not, the animals still have lives. Other consumers are simply trying to eat healthy foods, and have doubts about the cloned animals. If the FDA does not make labeling (贴标签)laws, people may not be able to make informed choices about their food. 1. Why did the FDA allow cloned animal products for consumption? A. They appeal to consumers very much. B. They differ from traditional animal products. C. They taste better than normal animal products. D. They have been proved safe in several aspects. 2. What do we know about producing clones of animals? A. It takes much more efforts and money. B. It provides some new medical benefits. C. It needs less time than raising animals. D. It helps increase the diversity of animals. 3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Cloned animals should be forbidden to enter market. B. Cloned animals should have the same rights as humans. C. Laws should be made to protect people's right to choose food. D. Animal rights activists are strongly against cloned animal products. 4. What's the text mainly about? A. Doubts about cloned animals rights. B. Discussions about how to clone animals. C. Concerns about animal cloning technology. D. Worries about cloned animal consumption. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了食用克隆动物的三个忧虑。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“The FDA has stated that cloned animal products are safe for consumption, and has performed many studies to support this view.”FDA已经声明克隆动物产品是安全的，并进行了许多研究来支持这一观点，可知，FDA认为克隆动物产品在很多方面被证明是安全的，所以允许食用克隆动物产品。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。由第四段的第二句“Making a clone needs hard work and is very costly.”克隆动物需要艰苦的工作并且非常昂贵，可知，克隆动物花费了很多的努力和金钱。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。由最后一段内容，尤其是“If the FDA does not make labeling (贴标签)laws, people may not be able to make informed choices about their food.”如果FDA不使用贴标签的法律,人们可能无法对他们的食物做出明智的选择。可以推断出，应该制定法律来保护人们选择食物的权利。故选C项。 4. 主旨大意题。这篇文章是总分结构，开头提出FDA建议允许克隆动物和克隆动物产品进入美国的食品供应。第三段提出了食用克隆动物的三个顾虑，第一，克隆组织和动物产品是否真正安全的问题；第二，许多克隆动物也是转基因动物，FDA表示是人类食用不安全；第三，消费者希望能够选择吃什么。第四、五、六段分别仔细论述了这三个忧虑。可以推断出这篇文章主要探讨了食用克隆动物的担心。故选D项。 【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是总分结构，该类文章的中心一般就在文章开头，即可找到文章中心。这篇文章是总分结构，开头提出FDA建议允许克隆动物和克隆动物产品进入美国的食品供应。第三段提出了食用克隆动物的三个顾虑，第一，克隆组织和动物产品是否真正安全的问题；第二，许多克隆动物也是转基因动物，FDA 表示是人类食用不安全；第三，消费者希望能够选择吃什么。第四、五、六段分别仔细论述了这三个忧虑。可以推断出这篇文章主要探讨了食用克隆动物的担心。故小题4选D项。 Passage 9 (2025·山东济南莱芜区·一模)Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems. They share feelings with the chatbot and receive warm advice. This practice, known as “AI therapy(疗愈),” is becoming popular online. But can robots really replace human therapists? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental health care in 2024 did not get it because it was too expensive or there weren't enough doctors, according to Huntington Psychological Services. Daniel Lowd, an associate professor at the University of Oregon, believes AI could help fill this gap. “If people can find some support and ideas by talking to ChatGPT or chatbot, then I think that's wonderful,” Lowd told Newsweek. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, agreed with Lowd, saying that AI meets people’ s basic needs for emotional support to a point. However, AI has its limits(限制). Human therapists understand feelings deeply through face-to-face talks and create suitable treatment plans— something robots can't fully copy. Dr. LiuYang, a Beijing-based psychologist(心理学家), notes “An AI might recognize keywords like ‘divorce’ or ‘layoff’, but it cannot find out small emotional shifts in tone or body language”. This point becomes important when dealing with a series of situations, where misunderstandings could be dangerous. Another problem is safety. AI might act like a therapist without proper training or rules. It cannot match the level of responsibility that human therapists have. Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK. Data privacy appears as another large concern (担忧). Users usually share personal details on AI platforms, yet few companies clearly state how this information is stored or used. In 2024, a major Chinese mental health app faced criticism when users found their chats were being analyzed for advertising algorithms (算法). As AI becomes part of daily life, finding a balance between its benefits and risks is important. While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs. 1. What makes people turn to “AI therapy”? A. AI therapy is warmer. B. AI tools are free. C. People feel much pressure. D. DeepSeek is popular. 2. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Mental health care. B. The AI tool. C. The medical standard. D. The government control. 3. What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A. AI therapy is nicer and cheaper than human therapists. B. AI robots will soon replace human therapists in hospitals. C. AI can perfectly copy human therapists’ skills and methods. D. AI has limits in understanding deep emotions and safety risks. 4. Why does the writer mention the Wysa app? A. To give an example of safe AI under rules. B. To prove robots can deal with emergencies. C. To show AI is cheaper than human doctors. D. To explain why China needs more therapists. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. AI therapy will completely replace human therapists. B. AI is useful for basic support but not for serious cases. C. AI can create specialized treatment plans for people. D. Government control is really unnecessary for AI apps. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了AI疗法在心理健康领域的应用，包括其现状、作用、局限性以及面临的问题和解决办法。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems.”可知，人们因压力大而转向AI疗愈。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。第二段中“it”指代前文“mental health care”(心理健康服务)，因费用高或医生不足导致未能获得服务。故选A。 3. 主旨大意题。根据“AI has its limits”，后文详细说明AI无法理解深层情感(如语气、肢体语言)及安全风险，故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据“Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK.”可知。提到Wysa应用遵循严格医疗标准，是为了举例说明“严格政府监管是安全AI疗愈的关键”，故选A。 5. 推理判断题。根据“While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs.”可知，AI提供快速帮助，但严重情感需求仍需人类，可推断AI适用于基础支持，但无法替代人类处理复杂情况，故选B。 Passage 10 (2025江西省萍乡市高三下学期一模英语试题)Mastering the science and art of performing surgery takes years of study and practice for a human. Robots, as it turns out, can learn to do surgical tasks much faster. A new study presented at the 8th Annual Conference on Robot Learning in Germany introduced the world to a medical robot that employs artificial intelligence (AI) to learn to perform surgical tasks as well as a human. The research team from Johns Hopkins and Stanford University used a da Vinci Surgical System in the study, which is designed to perform surgical tasks while being remotely controlled by a human surgeon. The robot allows the surgeon to work with greater control and precision. Using a type of AI training called imitation learning, in which an AI learns a new task by observing and coping human actions, the da Vinci robot was able to learn the very complex set of actions needed to carry out a surgical task. Presenting the robot with a dataset that it hadn’t trained on, the researchers found that it was able to perform the virtual simulation(模拟)successfully. This meant that the robot was capable of generalizing, rather than just memorizing, and would be able to manage the unexpected situations that tend to occur in a real-life operating room. “It’s magical to have this model where all we do is feed it camera input, and it can predict the robotic movements needed for surgery,” said Dr. Axel Krieger, assistant professor in mechanical engineering at Johns Hopkins and senior author of the study. “We believe this marks a significant step forward in medical robotics.” Previously, programmers had to go through the painstaking task of hand-coding (手动编码) a robot to get it to perform the action it was being tasked with. Now, it can be trained to learn a new task in a matter of days. Though the idea of a robot surgeon may seem scary to some people, the truth is that some surgeons have been using robots in the operating room for some time now, and it has only improved the medical field. 1. What can be learned about the da Vinci robot in paragraph 2? A. Its self-taught ability. B. Its design style. C. Its high working speed. D. Its great strategy. 2. Why did the researchers present the robot with an unfamiliar dataset? A. To avoid the unexpected. B. To test its performance. C. To control the simulation. D. To overcome its weaknesses. 3. What does Dr. Axel Krieger most probably describe the da Vinci robot as? A. A lost art. B. A desperate attempt. C. A misguided trend. D. A major breakthrough. 4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Applications in the medical field need updating. B. A human surgeon should rely on medical robots. C. The days of automated surgery may arrive some day. D. Automated systems make medical care available worldwide. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款能够利用人工智能技术学习执行手术任务的医疗机器人。该机器人的出现标志着医疗机器人领域取得了重大进展，使得机器人学习新任务变得更加高效，同时也已经改善了医疗领域。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Using a type of AI training called imitation learning, in which an AI learns a new task by observing and coping human actions, the da Vinci robot was able to learn the very complex set of actions needed to carry out a surgical task. (通过使用一种称为模仿学习的AI训练，在这种训练中，AI通过观察和模仿人类动作来学习新任务，达芬奇机器人能够学习执行手术任务所需的一系列非常复杂的动作。)“可知，关于达芬奇机器人在第二段中可以了解到的是它的自学能力。故选A。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Presenting the robot with a dataset that it hadn’t trained on, the researchers found that it was able to perform the virtual simulation (模拟) successfully. This meant that the robot was capable of generalizing, rather than just memorizing, and would be able to manage the unexpected situations that tend to occur in a real-life operating room. (研究人员向机器人提供了一个它未经过训练的数据集，结果发现它能够成功地执行虚拟模拟。这意味着机器人能够进行概括，而不仅仅是记忆，并且能够处理在现实生活中手术室中往往会出现的意外情况。)”可知，研究人员给机器人提供了一个不熟悉的数据集是为了测试它的性能。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的““It’s magical to have this model where all we do is feed it camera input, and it can predict the robotic movements needed for surgery,” said Dr. Axel Krieger, assistant professor in mechanical engineering at Johns Hopkins and senior author of the study. “We believe this marks a significant step forward in medical robotics.” (“有这个模型真是太神奇了，我们所要做的就是给它提供摄像头输入，它就能预测出手术所需的机器人动作，”约翰斯·霍普金斯大学机械工程助理教授、该研究的高级作者阿克塞尔·克里格博士说。“我们相信，这标志着医疗机器人领域取得了重大进展。”)”可知，阿克塞尔·克里格博士最有可能将达芬奇机器人描述为一项重大突破。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Though the idea of a robot surgeon may seem scary to some people, the truth is that some surgeons have been using robots in the operating room for some time now, and it has only improved the medical field. (尽管机器人外科医生的想法可能对一些人来说很可怕，但事实是，一些外科医生已经在手术室里使用机器人有一段时间了，而这只是改善了医疗领域。)”以及结合上文内容可知，一些外科医生已经在手术室里使用机器人有一段时间了，用于其来改善医疗领域。由此作者在最后一段暗示了自动化手术的时代可能有一天会到来。故选C。 Passage 11 (2025湖北省部分高中协作体高三下学期三月联考一模)One major issue in contemporary medical science is the use of humans in clinical trials of medical products. These trials occur frequently to determine the best way to manage diseases. People are invited randomly and paid to take part in trials of an experimental drug, or new surgical procedure, in a number of countries at the one time. For example, up to a quarter of patients in some fields like breast cancer may be engaged. Other projects, one of which is to determine whether new scanning techniques can detect Alzheimer’s disease, are under way. They may be given the drug or a placebo (安慰剂), or the best existing treatment, and results compared. The trials may be ”blind” with the patient not knowing which group they are in or they may be a “double-blind” with the doctors not knowing either. Actually, so many people offer themselves willingly. Patients take the views that at least they will get special attention from the doctor if they participate and they may get access to new drugs before they become available in chemists’ shops. In some countries people are paid to participate, especially in poorer countries where they may be told little of what is actually happening. Yet there are significant risks too. One US study estimated that one in 30 people suffered side effects from such trials, and one in 10, 000 dies. Doctors say that the risk is not so great during the trial itself, where patients are closely monitored, but comes when the drug is released on the market place. For example, in 2004 a US company recalled an arthritis drug, when it was found that after 18 months of use, the risk of heart attack and stroke increased. People who support testing claim the risks to the individual are small compared with the benefits. Even if the individual has adverse outcomes and their condition worsens, that is valuable information for the drug company. While the drug companies usually pay for the hospital trials, government has set up medical committees to handle the issue. 1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. The purpose of medical trial. B. The procedure of medical trial. C. The groups of medical trial. D. The result of medical trial. 2. Why does the author mention the example in the fourth paragraph? A. To tell us a lot of patients die from the medical trials. B. To show the risk of heart attack and stroke has increased. C. To introduce the risks of the medical trials are not so great. D. To explain the risks of some drugs appear when they are sold. 3. What does the underlined word “adverse“ in the last paragraph mean? A. negative B. effective C. subjective D. impressive 4. What would the author most probably discuss next? A. How the government prevents clinical trials. B. How the government gathers the information. C. How the medical committees pay for the hospital trials. D. How the medical committees solve the problem. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述当代医学科学的一个主要问题是在医疗产品的临床试验中使用人体，并且主要介绍了医学试验的程序，意义和风险。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“People are invited randomly and paid to take part in trials of an experimental drug, or new surgical procedure, in a number of countries at the one time. (人们被随机邀请并支付报酬，同时在多个国家参加实验性药物或新外科手术的试验。)”以及下文的例子可知第二段主要讲述医学试验的程序。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Doctors say that the risk is not so great during the trial itself, where patients are closely monitored, but comes when the drug is released on the market place. For example, in 2004 a US company recalled an arthritis drug, when it was found that after 18 months of use, the risk of heart attack and stroke increased. (医生们说，在试验期间，患者受到密切监测，风险并不大，但当药物投放市场时，风险就会出现。例如，2004年，一家美国公司召回了一种关节炎药物，因为它被发现在使用18个月后，心脏病发作和中风的风险增加了。)”可知作者在第四段提到这个例子实在解释一些药物在出售时出现的风险。故选D。 3. 词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“People who support testing claim the risks to the individual are small compared with the benefits. (支持测试的人声称，与好处相比，测试对个人的风险很小。)”可推测下文意思是“即使患者有不良后果，病情恶化，这对制药公司来说也是有价值的信息。”由此可猜测单词adverse意为“负面的”，故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While the drug companies usually pay for the hospital trials, government has set up medical committees to handle the issue. (虽然通常由制药公司支付医院试验费用，但政府已经成立了医疗委员会来处理这一问题。)”可推断下文最有可能讨论医疗委员会如何解决这个问题。故选D。 高频话题02 人与社会—科学技术 Passage 1 (2025安徽省“江南十校”高三下学期一模)In Portugal, near the town of Alqueva, lies Europe’s largest artificial lake, home to an innovative floating solar-power plant developed by EDP, a leading renewable energy company. Despite initial skepticism about the high costs and potential issues of floating solar technology, this project represents the sector’s maturation and readiness for expansion. In this first phase of the project at Alqueva, engineers have stationed some 12,000 PV modules(光伏组件) on floating platforms made from partially recycled plastic and locally sourced soft wood. These are connected to an energy-storage system combining batteries and are integrated with the hydroelectric dam’s power station. Floating solar projects do face plenty of challenges. The kit has to be water-, wave-, wind- and storm-resistant, which adds complexity and cost. The fish in lakes attract plenty of birds, whose droppings can block the sun. To deal with this, engineers for the project at Alqueva have developed remote-controlled cleaning robots and are working on autonomous ones. Yet floating solar projects also enjoy several advantages. When located at existing hydroelectric dams they do not require any additional land and can be connected to the grid(电网) without the multi-year wait common for solar projects. The cooling effect of being on water boosts the efficiency of the modules, with studies suggesting gains of between 5% and 15%over land-based PV, while the shade they produce slows the water loss of the lake. EDP views floating solar as a cornerstone of its renewable energy strategy. The initial 5megawatt s (MW, 兆瓦) capacity at Alqueva may seem modest, but it’s just the beginning. The company is planning a second phase, which will see an additional 70MW capacity by 2025. According to Wood Mackenzie, a leading consultancy, floating solar technology could deliver up to 60,000MW of renewable energy globally by 2031. “This may pale in comparison to the 1,600,000MW of solar capacity installed as of last year. But every bit counts,” he added. 1. Which of the following best describes the EDP project? A. It went unquestioned. B. It can be costly but eco-friendly. C. It has already expanded. D. It is separated from the power station. 2. What can be learned about floating solar projects? A. Engineers have developed auto cleaning robots. B. Floating solar projects demand less time for grid access. C. Land-based PV modules are more productive than floating ones. D. The PV modules decrease the water level of the lake. 3. What might EDP agree with according to the last paragraph? A. The project at Alqueva is an instant success. B. By 2025 the project at Alqueva will provide 70MW capacity. C. The project will generate the majority of global renewable power. D. The floating solar technology has a promising future. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Floating Solar Ready to Shine B. Solar Power or Hydro Power C. The Dawn of Renewable Energy D. A Glimpse into Global Floating Solar Farms 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了葡萄牙阿尔克瓦镇附近的欧洲最大人工湖中的一个创新型浮动太阳能发电厂项目，该项目由领先的可再生能源公司EDP开发。文章阐述了该项目面临的挑战、具备的优势以及公司对其未来的规划和前景展望。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Despite initial skepticism about the high costs and potential issues of floating solar technology, this project represents the sector’s maturation and readiness for expansion. ( 尽管最初对浮动太阳能技术的高成本和潜在问题持怀疑态度，但该项目代表了该行业的成熟和扩张准备。)”以及第二段中“engineers have stationed some 12,000 PV modules (光伏组件) on floating platforms made from partially recycled plastic and locally sourced soft wood. (工程师们在浮动平台上安装了大约12,000个光伏模块，这些平台由部分回收塑料和当地采购的软木材制成。)”可知，该项目成本较高，但是使用了部分回收塑料和当地的软木，是环保的。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“When located at existing hydroelectric dams they do not require any additional land and can be connected to the grid (电网) without the multi-year wait common for solar projects. (当它们位于现有的水电大坝上时，不需要任何额外的土地，并且可以连接到电网，而不需要像太阳能项目那样等待多年。)”可知，浮动太阳能项目不需要额外的土地，并且可以更快地接入电网，不需要像普通太阳能项目那样等待多年。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“EDP views floating solar as a cornerstone of its renewable energy strategy. The initial 5megawatt s (MW, 兆瓦) capacity at Alqueva may seem modest, but it’s just the beginning. The company is planning a second phase, which will see an additional 70MW capacity by 2025. According to Wood Mackenzie, a leading consultancy, floating solar technology could deliver up to 60,000MW of renewable energy globally by 2031. (EDP将浮动太阳能视为其可再生能源战略的基石。Alqueva最初的5兆瓦容量可能看起来不大，但这只是一个开始。该公司正在计划第二阶段，到2025年将增加70兆瓦的产能。据领先的咨询公司伍德·麦肯齐称，到2031年，浮动太阳能技术将为全球提供高达6万兆瓦的可再生能源。)”可知，EDP 公司将浮动太阳能视为其可再生能源战略的基石，虽然目前规模较小，但有进一步的规划，并且咨询公司也认为到 2031 年浮动太阳能技术有很大的发展潜力，所以EDP公司会认为浮动太阳能技术有光明的未来。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“In Portugal, near the town of Alqueva, lies Europe’s largest artificial lake, home to an innovative floating solar-power plant developed by EDP, a leading renewable energy company. Despite initial skepticism about the high costs and potential issues of floating solar technology, this project represents the sector’s maturation and readiness for expansion. ( 在葡萄牙的阿尔基瓦镇附近，坐落着欧洲最大的人工湖，一个由领先的可再生能源公司EDP开发的创新型浮动太阳能发电厂就在这里。尽管最初对浮动太阳能技术的高成本和潜在问题持怀疑态度，但该项目代表了该行业的成熟和扩张准备。)”可知，文章主要介绍了 EDP公司开发的浮动太阳能发电厂项目，包括其面临的挑战、优势以及未来的发展规划，强调了浮动太阳能技术的发展前景。A选项“Floating Solar Ready to Shine”(浮动太阳能即将大放异彩)，既提到了浮动太阳能，又体现了其未来的发展前景，符合文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 (2025河北省部分重点高中高三下学期调研考试)As the planet warms up and oceans rise, extreme weather events are becoming the norm. Getting notified in time to prepare for a disastrous hurricane or heat wave could be the disparity between life and death. AI can help. Two studies published in the journal Nature described the benefit of two AI models that could improve weather forecasting. The first AI-based system is called Pangu-Weather, which was developed by the Huawei Cloud team. It was capable of predicting global weather a week in advance. A majority of countries use numerical(数值)weather prediction models. These models use math formulas to create computer models of the atmosphere and oceans for predicting future weather with data from them. What makes Pangu-Weather different is that the Pangu-Weather model is deeply trained with the help of 39-year global weather data, preparing it to forecast temperature, pressure, and wind speed. When compared to the numerical weather prediction method, Pangu-Weather was 10,000 times faster and no less accurate. Pangu-Weather also contains a 3D model, unlike past AI forecasting systems, that allows it to record atmospheric states at different pressure levels to further increase its accuracy. Pangu-Weather can predict weather patterns 5—7 days in advance. However, it can’t forecast precipitation (降水). As precipitation prediction is vital for extreme weather forecasting, a second Nature model, NowcastNet, fills this gap. It can accurately predict rainfall 6 hours ahead, helping meteorologists(气象学家)study weather patterns in real-time more effectively. NowcastNet focuses on detailed, realistic descriptions of extreme rainfall patterns in local regions. It uses radar observations from the US and China, as well as deep learning methods, to predict precipitation rates over a 1.6-million-square-mile region of the eastern and central US up to 3 hours in advance. 62 meteorologists from China tested NowcastNet and ranked it first, out of four other leading weather forecasting methods, in reliably predicting heavy rain, which it did 71 percent of the time. While generative AI models have good prospects in weather forecasting, experts point out that replacing existing systems has many challenges. However, in 5 — 10 years, these models may surprise us. 1. What does the underlined word “disparity” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Difference. B. Decision. C. Settlement. D. Struggle. 2. What is the advantage of Pangu-Weather compared with the numerical weather prediction method? A. It can predict precipitation more accurately. B. It can provide a 3D view of the weather. C. It is much faster and equally accurate. D. It can record more detailed atmospheric states. 3. What can we learn about NowcastNet from the text? A. It is mainly used to predict global weather patterns. B. It was developed by 62 meteorologists from China. C. It uses radar observations and deep learning to predict precipitation in the US. D. It ranks first among all weather forecasting methods in predicting heavy rain. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The impacts of climate change on extreme weather events. B. The challenges in using generative AI in weather forecasting. C. The explanation of the traditional numerical weather-prediction method. D. The introduction of two AI-based weather-forecasting models and their features. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两款能够提高天气预报准确性的AI模型：Pangu-Weather和NowcastNet。 1. 词义猜测题。根据第一段“As the planet warms up and oceans rise, extreme weather events are becoming the norm. Getting notified in time to prepare for a disastrous hurricane or heat wave could be the disparity between life and death.(随着地球变暖，海平面上升，极端天气事件正成为常态。及时得到通知，为灾难性的飓风或热浪做好准备，可能是生与死的_____。)”可推知，此处是指提前为灾难性的飓风或热浪做好准备，可能是生与死的差别。划线词与A选项“Difference(差别)”为同义词。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“When compared to the numerical weather prediction method, Pangu-Weather was 10,000 times faster and no less accurate.(与数值天气预报方法相比，Pangu-Weather的速度要快1万倍，而且同样准确。)”可知，Pangu-Weather预报与数值天气预报方法相比，它的优势是更快且同样准确。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“NowcastNet focuses on detailed, realistic descriptions of extreme rainfall patterns in local regions. It uses radar observations from the US and China, as well as deep learning methods, to predict precipitation rates over a 1.6-million-square-mile region of the eastern and central US up to 3 hours in advance.(NowcastNet专注于对当地极端降雨模式的详细、逼真的描述。它利用来自美国和中国的雷达观测以及深度学习方法来预测美国东部和中部160万平方公里地区的降水量，可以提前3小时进行预测。)”可知，NowcastNet利用雷达观测和深度学习来预测美国的降水量。故选C项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“AI can help. Two studies published in the journal Nature described the benefit of two AI models that could improve weather forecasting.(人工智能可以提供帮助。发表在《自然》杂志上的两项研究描述了两种可以改善天气预报的人工智能模型的益处。)”可知，本文主要介绍了两种基于人工智能的天气预报模型及其特点。D选项“The introduction of two AI-based weather-forecasting models and their features.(介绍两种人工智能天气预报模式及其特点。)”概括文章主要内容，符合题意。故选D项。 Passage 3 (2025·河南郑州·一模)Artificial intelligence (AI) might be the biggest winner of the Nobel Prize in 2024. US scientist John Hopfield and British-Canadian Geoffrey Hinton won the 2024 Nobel Prize in physics for discoveries and inventions in machine learning that paved the way for the AI rapid growth, according to Reuters. In 1982, Hopfield created a network that helps computers store and recall patterns, similar to how our brains remember things. A year later, Hinton developed the Boltzmann machine, which allows computers to learn independently to recognize patterns in data, such as identifying specific objects in images. As for the Nobel Prize in chemistry, US scientists David Baker and John Jumper, along with British computer scientist Demis Hassabis, won the prize. Half the prize was awarded to Baker “for computational protein design” while the other half was shared by Jumper and Hassabis for their development of the AI model AlphaFold2. Scientists struggled for decades to predict how proteins fold into their 3D shapes that determine their function. However, AlphaFold2, developed by AI research laboratory DeepMind, can accurately predict the 3D structures of nearly all known proteins, showing great potential in the field of drug development. “AI can be a powerful tool for solving problems that involve obtaining outputs from inputs, showing its great potential in scientific research, ” Professor Yang Maojun from Tsinghua University told Science and Technology Daily. In his view, AI applications are not limited to fields like biology, chemistry or physics. Their range mainly depends on how well problems from the real world can be abstracted into a form that AI can learn and process, and whether there is sufficient real-world data to train and build deep learning networks. AI's importance in scientific research is increasingly evident. Yang believes that scientists should actively accept this trend while remaining aware of AI's limitations. Hinton expressed a similar concern at the Nobel press conference. “We also have to worry about a number of possible bad consequences, particularly the threat of these things getting out of control, ” he said. “Humans carry the responsibility for using this new technology in a safe and ethical (合乎道德的) way, for the greatest benefit of humankind,” said Ellen Moons, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics. 1. What was John Hopfield’s contribution to the 2024 Nobel Prize in physics? A. Inventing a new learning machine. B. Designing a new type of data processor. C. Creating an AI model for image analysis. D. Developing a network for pattern storage. 2. Why is AlphaFold2 important in the field of drug development? A. It can forecast protein folding patterns. B. It can produce new proteins for drug use. C. It can identify proteins related to diseases. D. It can analyze the genetic orders of proteins. 3. What may determine the potential of AI applications according to Yang Maojun? A. The accuracy of AI training data. B. The effectiveness of machine learning. C. The availability of enough real-world data. D. The level of real-world problem settlement. 4. What can be the best title of the passage? A. AI also has its weak points. B. AI should benefit humankind. C. AI steals the show at the Nobel Prize. D. AI may run out of control in the future. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述人工智能可能是今年诺贝尔奖的最大赢家。美国科学John Hopfield和英裔加拿大人Geoffrey Hinton获得了诺贝尔奖物理学奖，他们的发明为人工智能的快速发展铺平了道路。诺贝尔化学奖也有与人工智能相关的贡献。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 1982, Hopfield created a network that helps computers store and recall patterns, similar to how our brains remember things. (1982年，Hopfield创建了一个网络，帮助计算机存储和回忆模式，类似于我们的大脑记忆事物的方式)”可知，John Hopfield对2024年诺贝尔物理学奖的贡献是发明了一种存储模式的网络，故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Scientists struggled for decades to predict how proteins fold into their 3D shapes that determine their function. However, AlphaFold2, developed by AI research laboratory DeepMind, can accurately predict the 3D structures of nearly all known proteins, showing great potential in the field of drug development. (几十年来，科学家们一直在努力预测蛋白质如何折叠成决定其功能的3D形状。然而，人工智能研究实验室DeepMind开发的AlphaFold2可以准确预测几乎所有已知蛋白质的3D结构，在药物开发领域显示出巨大的潜力)”可知，AlphaFold2可以预测蛋白质的折叠模式，因此在药物开发领域非常重要，故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“In his view, AI applications are not limited to fields like biology, chemistry or physics. Their range mainly depends on how well problems from the real world can be abstracted into a form that AI can learn and process, and whether there is sufficient real-world data to train and build deep learning networks. (在他看来，人工智能的应用并不局限于生物、化学或物理等领域。它们的范围主要取决于现实世界中的问题能在多大程度上抽象成人工智能可以学习和处理的形式，以及是否有足够的现实世界数据来训练和构建深度学习网络)”可知，杨茂君认为足够的现实世界数据的可用性决定了人工智能应用的潜力，故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI) might be the biggest winner of the Nobel Prize in2024. (人工智能可能是2024年诺贝尔奖的最大赢家)”可知，文章主要在围绕着AI在2024年诺贝尔奖中不但实现了零的突破，而且所占的比重很大来展开，所以C项“AI steals the show at the Nobel Prize (人工智能在诺贝尔奖上抢尽风头)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。 Passage 4 (2025河南省信阳市高三第一次教学质量检测(一模))In recent years, some researchers have been exploring the possibility of so-called “automated valet parking”, a function that would allow a car to drive itself from the entrance of a parking to a free parking spot. While this autonomous driving application gathered great research interest, its reliable realization has so far proved challenging. Researchers at Mach Drive in Shanghai recently developed OCEAN, an Openspace Collision-freE trAjectory plaNner for the autonomous parking of vehicles. This planner was found to significantly improve the ability of cars to safely reach a parking spot, without colliding(碰撞) with objects on the way. It was designed to overcome the two primary shortcomings of approaches presented in previous studies tackling autonomous parking. The first of these is the inability to accurately predict collisions, while the second involves poor performance in real-time tests. The OCEAN planner builds on a previously introduced approach called Hybrd Optimization-based Collision Avoidance (H-OBCA), dealing with its primary limitations. Its improved design ultimately improves its ability to avoid collisions, along with its stability and speed in real time. “To avoid collisions, we have redesigned a simpler mathematical model and found a method to deal with the problem, making the solution process faster and more efficient,” Wang, Lu and their colleagues wrote in their paper. They tested their planner on hundreds of simulated(模拟的) scenes and conducted real-world experiments in public parking areas. Their results were highly promising, as OCEAN was found to outperform a variety of methods for autonomous parking applications. “Results show that the proposed method has better system performance compared with other standards,” Wang, Lu and his colleagues explained in their paper. “Our method makes it possible to deploy(部署) large-scale parking planner on low computing power platforms that require real-time performance.” The planner developed by this team of researchers could be improved and tested in additional real-world trials. In the future, it could be deployed by car-making firms, contributing to the introduction of automated vehicle parking technologies. 1. What is the main function of OCEAN? A. To help the car find a free parking spot faster. B. To drive the car from the entrance to the exit of a parking lot. C. To enhance the car’s ability to arrive at a parking spot safely. D. To predict the number of the free parking spots in a parking lot. 2. Two primary shortcomings of previous approaches to autonomous parking are _________. A. high cost and complex operation. B. limited application range and high energy consumption. C. inability to accurately predict collisions and poor real-time performance. D. difficulty in adapting to different parking lot layouts and long calculation time. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the OCEAN planner? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. 4. What can be the best title for this passage? A. The Development of Autonomous Parking Technologies B. Mach Drive: A Leading Company in Autonomous Driving C. OCEAN: A Promising Planner for Autonomous Parking D. Challenges in Real-World Autonomous Parking Experiments 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为OCEAN(Openspace Collision-freE trAjectory plaNner)的规划器，用于车辆的自主泊车。 1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This planner was found to significantly improve the ability of cars to safely reach a parking spot, without colliding (碰撞) with objects on the way.(该规划器被发现可以显著提高汽车安全到达停车位的能力，而不会与途中的物体碰撞)”可知，OCEAN的主要功能是提高汽车安全到达停车位的能力。故选C。 2.细节理解题，根据第二段中的“It was designed to overcome the two primary shortcomings of approaches presented in previous studies tackling autonomous parking. The first of these is the inability to accurately predict collisions, while the second involves poor performance in real-time tests.(它旨在克服先前研究中提出的解决自动停车问题的方法的两个主要缺点。第一个缺点是无法准确预测碰撞，第二个缺点是实时测试中的性能不佳)”可知，先前研究提出的方法中的两个主要缺点是：无法准确预测碰撞和实时测试中的性能不佳。故选C。 3.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Their results were highly promising, as OCEAN was found to outperform a variety of methods for autonomous parking applications.(他们的结果非常有希望，因为OCEAN被发现在自动停车应用中优于各种方法)”和最后一段“The planner developed by this team of researchers could be improved and tested in additional real-world trials. In the future, it could be deployed by car-making firms, contributing to the introduction of automated vehicle parking technologies.(这个研究小组开发的规划器可以在更多的现实世界试验中得到改进和测试。未来，汽车制造公司可以部署它，为自动停车技术的引入做出贡献)”可知，作者在讲述OCEAN测试的结果时，用“highly promising(非常有希望)”来形容，并认为这个规划器可以在现实世界试验中进行更多的改进和测试，未来汽车制造公司可以部署该规划器，促进自动停车技术的使用。由此推知，作者对OCEAN持有非常积极的态度。故选A。 4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Researchers at Mach Drive in Shanghai recently developed OCEAN, an Openspace Collision-freE trAjectory plaNner for the autonomous parking of vehicles.(上海迈驰智行公司的研究人员最近开发了OCEAN，这是一种用于自动泊车的开放空间无碰撞轨迹规划器)”可知，本文主要介绍了OCEAN这款用于自动停车的规划器。由此推知，C项“OCEAN：一种用于自动停车的有前景的规划器”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 5 (2025江西省鹰潭市高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试题)It’s no secret that concussions(脑震荡) are a common issue in sports. About 3.8 million concussions from sports-related injuries occur annually in the U.S alone, and it’s estimated that as many as 5 to 8 percent of all athletes in the country suffer a concussion in any given sports season. While there have been many advancements in protective equipment in sports to try and prevent such injuries, the best way to avoid the long-term effects of brain trauma is often simply identifying and treating them early. Luckily, a team from Michigan State University developed a wearable patch that produces electrical energy when physically touched or pressure is applied for immediate recognition of concussions during high-impact sports. Researchers developed the device, which is, about the size of a band-aid that can be worn on the back of an athlete’s neck and sense when a concussion has occurred, More specifically, the device uses an electrical signal that can catch sudden neck movements, to warn its wearer and nearby medical teams to treat the injury immediately. “Whenever there is movement of the neck, there is pressure either in the form of contraction or tension,” Nelson Sepúlveda, a professor of electrical engineering, said. “Those movements are picked up by the patch and translated to an electrical signal used to estimate the speed of neck movement, both then applied to concussion predictions.” To test the patch, the team attached the patch to a dummy (假人), dropped it from two feet in the air, and found that the device was 90 percent accurate in sensing a potential concussion event across different patch sensor devices. The researchers now hope to continue to tweak their patch so that it could eventually send the information wirelessly to a receiver that can store and create a database with all the pressure experienced by the athlete’s head. and establish a concussion prediction model. That can help its wearer detect concussions earlier or even predict when they might occur-and prevent them entirely. “The end goal is to have wearable, wireless patches that can provide real-time information about the head and neck movement of the athlete,” Sepúlveda said. 1. What problem is stressed in paragraph 1? A. The lasting impacts of sports injuries. B. The lack of protective sports equipment. C. The difficulty of checking brain injuries. D. The high number of sports-related concussions. 2. What key feature allows the patch to function? A. Its strong adaptability to the human body. B. Its reliable prediction of neck movements. C. Its wireless connectivity with medical staff. D. Its ability to make signals upon catching pressure. 3. What does the underlined word “tweak” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Improve. B. Test. C. Finish. D. Introduce. 4. What will be the researchers’ next plans for the patch? A. Adding timely medical treatment. B. Creating a database of athlete performance. C. Building data for injury tracking and prediction. D. Improving the comfort of the patch for wearers. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密歇根州立大学的一个团队开发出一种可穿戴的贴片，用于在高冲击性运动中即时识别脑震荡，还介绍了其工作原理、测试情况以及研究人员的下一步计划等内容。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“About 3.8 million concussions from sports - related injuries occur annually in the U.S alone, and it’s estimated that as many as 5 to 8 percent of all athletes in the country suffer a concussion in any given sports season.(仅在美国，每年就有大约380万起与运动相关的脑震荡，据估计，在任何一个运动季，该国多达5%到8%的运动员都会遭受脑震荡)”可知，第一段强调的问题是与运动相关的脑震荡数量之多。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Luckily, a team from Michigan State University developed a wearable patch that produces electrical energy when physically touched or pressure is applied for immediate recognition of concussions during high-impact sports.(幸运的是，密歇根州立大学的一个团队开发了一种可穿戴的贴片，当受到物理触摸或压力时会产生电能，以便在高冲击性运动中即时识别脑震荡)”可知，这种贴片的关键特性是在受到压力时能产生信号从而发挥作用。故选D项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The researchers now hope to continue to tweak their patch so that it could eventually send the information wirelessly to a receiver that can store and create a database with all the pressure experienced by the athlete’s head, and establish a concussion prediction model.(研究人员现在希望继续tweak他们的贴片，以便它最终能够将信息无线发送到一个接收器，该接收器可以存储并创建一个包含运动员头部所承受的所有压力的数据库，并建立一个脑震荡预测模型)”可知，研究人员想要对贴片做进一步的改进工作，使其能够达成后续的功能，可推理出tweak的意思是“改进”。故选A项。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers now hope to continue to tweak their patch so that it could eventually send the information wirelessly to a receiver that can store and create a database with all the pressure experienced by the athlete’s head, and establish a concussion prediction model.(研究人员现在希望继续改进他们的贴片，以便它最终能够将信息无线发送到一个接收器，该接收器可以存储并创建一个包含运动员头部所承受的所有压力的数据库，并建立一个脑震荡预测模型)”可知，研究人员对贴片的下一步计划是建立用于损伤跟踪和预测的数据。故选C项。 Passage 6 (2025届江西省高三3月一模联考)A new kind of fuel made from the power of the sun, which could revolutionize motoring, has been invented by scientists. The solar-powered technology changes carbon dioxide and water into liquid fuel that can be directly dropped into a vehicle’s engine. The researchers from the University of Cambridge controlled and used the power of photosynthesis(光合作用) to transform CO2, water and sunlight into multi-carbon fuels — ethanol and propanol(乙醇和丙醇) — in a single step. These fuels have a high energy density and can be easily stored or transported, according to scientists whose work was published in Nature Energy. “Shining sunlight on the artificial leaves and getting liquid fuel from carbon dioxide and water is an amazing bit of chemistry,” said Dr Rahaman, the new study’s first author. “Normally, when you try to change CO2 into another chemical product, you almost always get CO or syngas, but here, we’ve been able to produce a practical liquid fuel just using the power of the sun.” They managed this by developing a specific catalyst(催化剂), optimized to allow the artificial leaves to produce more complex chemicals. Unlike fossil fuel, these solar fuels produce net zero carbon emissions, and unlike most bioethanol, they do not take any agricultural land away from food production. “While the technology is only in the laboratory phase, the ‘artificial leaves’ are an important step in the transition away from a fossil fuel-based economy,” the researchers said. Bioethanol is often regarded as a cleaner alternative to gas since it’s made from plants instead of fossil fuel. The United States is the world’s largest bioethanol producer. Almost 45% of all corn grown in the USA is used for ethanol production. Currently, the artificial leaves and the specific catalyst are proof of concept devices and demonstrate only limited performance. The researchers are now working to optimize the light absorbers so that they can better absorb sunlight and optimize the catalyst so it can transform more sunlight into fuel. Further work will also be needed so the device can be mass-produced and make large volumes of fuel. 1. What is a potential advantage of the new fuels? A. Accelerating photosynthesis. B. Storing ethanol and propanol. C. Promoting the use of renewable energy. D. Increasing the speed of current vehicles. 2. What did Dr Rahaman mainly want to show in paragraph 3? A. The components of the artificial leaves. B. The difficulty of changing CO2 into CO. C. The innovation of the transformation process. D. The factors of producing a practical liquid fuel. 3. What did the researchers say about the new fuels? A. They are less economical than fossil fuel. B. They mark a significant shift from fossil fuel. C. They are merely appropriate for laboratory use. D. They require more agricultural land than bioethanol. 4. What does the last paragraph tell us about the artificial leaf technology? A. Its ability to thoroughly replace fossil fuel. B. Its improving efficiency and production capacity. C. Its present widespread application and performance. D. Its immediate impact on the mass-producing artificial leaves. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 【语篇导读】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发明了一种利用太阳能将二氧化碳和水转化为液体燃料的新技术，并讨论了其优势、创新性及未来发展。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The solar-powered technology changes carbon dioxide and water into liquid fuel that can be directly dropped into a vehicle’s engine.(这种太阳能技术将二氧化碳和水转化为液体燃料，可以直接注入汽车的发动机)”可知，这种燃料是通过太阳能技术将二氧化碳和水进行转化而来的，因此其潜在优势是促进可再生能源的使用。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段““Shining sunlight on the artificial leaves and getting liquid fuel from carbon dioxide and water is an amazing bit of chemistry,” said Dr Rahaman, the new study’s first author. “Normally, when you try to change CO2 into another chemical product, you almost always get CO or syngas, but here, we’ve been able to produce a practical liquid fuel just using the power of the sun.”(这项新研究的第一作者Dr Rahaman说：“将阳光照射在人造叶子上，从二氧化碳和水中获取液体燃料，这是一门令人惊叹的化学。”他说：“通常情况下，当你试图将二氧化碳转化为另一种化学产品时，你几乎总是得到一氧化碳或合成气，但在这里，我们已经能够利用太阳的力量生产出一种实用的液体燃料”。)”可知，Dr Rahaman主要展示转换过程的创新，通常情况只能得到一氧化碳或合成气，但这次却能够利用太阳的力量生产出一种实用的液体燃料。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段““While the technology is only in the laboratory phase, the ‘artificial leaves’ are an important step in the transition away from a fossil fuel-based economy,” the researchers said.(研究人员说：“虽然这项技术还处于实验室阶段，但‘人造叶子’是向脱离化石燃料经济转型的重要一步。)”可知，研究人员认为这种新能源标志着从化石燃料的重大转变。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Currently, the artificial leaves and the specific catalyst are proof of concept devices and demonstrate only limited performance. The researchers are now working to optimize the light absorbers so that they can better absorb sunlight and optimize the catalyst so it can transform more sunlight into fuel. Further work will also be needed so the device can be mass-produced and make large volumes of fuel.(目前，人工叶子和特定的催化剂只是概念验证装置，只表现出有限的性能。研究人员正在努力优化光吸收器，以便更好地吸收阳光，并优化催化剂，使其能够将更多的阳光转化为燃料。还需要进一步的工作，以便该设备可以大规模生产和制造大量的燃料。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是人工叶技术的提高效率和生产能力。故选B。 高频话题03 人与社会—艺术 Passage 1 (2025·山东枣庄四十一中·一模)“Ne Zha 2” is an exciting animated movie that continues the story of the brave young hero, Ne Zha. In the first movie, Ne Zha was born with special powers, but people were afraid of him because they thought he was a demon. However, NeZha didn’t give up. He fought against evil and proved that he could be a hero with his courage and determination. Ne Zha didn’t give up. He fought against evil and proved that he could be a hero with his courage and determination. In “Ne Zha 2”, Ne Zha faces new challenges and meets new friends. Together, they go on an exciting adventure, solving problems and facing dangers. The movie has beautiful animations with bright colors and lively characters. The action scenes are thrilling, and the story is full of surprises. One of the important messages in the movie is that anyone can be a hero if they believe in themselves. Ne Zha learns to control his powers and make the right choices. He also discovers that true strength comes from the heart. The movie teaches us about friendship, bravery, and never giving up. It is a great movie for both children and adults, and it reminds us that we can all overcome our challenges and become the best version of ourselves. 1. Why were people afraid of Ne Zha in the first movie? A. Because he was too strong. B. Because he looked different. C. Because they thought he was a demon. D. Because he was not friendly. 2. What does Ne Zha learn in “Ne Zha 2”? A. How to give up easily. B. How to control his powers. C. How to avoid challenges. D. How to become a demon. 3. What is one of the important messages in the movie? A. Anyone can be a hero if they believe in themselves. B. Only strong people can be heroes. C. Magic is the most important thing. D. It’s better to be alone. 4. How is the animation in “Ne Zha 2” described? A. Boring and simple. B. Beautiful and lively. C. Dark and scary. D. Weak and uninteresting. 5. What does the movie teach us? A. To be afraid of challenges. B. To believe in ourselves. C. To avoid making friends. D. To focus only on ourselves. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了电影《哪吒2》，电影动画精美, 传达出相信自己就能成为英雄、要重视友谊与勇敢且永不放弃的信息。 1. 细节理解题。根据“In the first movie, Ne Zha was born with special powers, but people were afraid of him because they thought he was a demon.”可知，哪吒天生就有特殊的能力，人们害怕哪吒是因为觉得他是恶魔。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Ne Zha learns to control his powers and make the right choices.”可知，在《哪吒2》中哪吒学会了控制自己的力量。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“One of the important messages in the movie is that anyone can be a hero if they believe in themselves.”可知，只要相信自己，任何人都可以成为英雄。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据“Together, they go on an exciting adventure, solving problems and facing dangers. The movie has beautiful animations with bright colors and lively characters. The action scenes are thrilling, and the story is full of surprises.”可知，电影拥有美丽的动画、鲜艳的色彩和生动的角色。动作场面令人兴奋，故事充满了惊喜。故选B。 5. 推理判断题。根据“One of the important messages in the movie is that anyone can be a hero if they believe in themselves.”可知，这部电影教会了我们要相信自己。故选B。 Passage 2 (2025湖南省高考普通高中名校联考高三下学期第一次模拟)The video game “Black Myth: Wukong” has been praised as a “masterpiece” by critics and enthusiasts alike, with many boldly predicting that it will be a strong competitor for the famed title of Game of the Year. This game has not only gained great popularity within China but has also captivated international audiences, many of whom may not be familiar with the complexities of the classic Chinese novel “Journey to the West”, from which the game draws its inspiration. Despite this, the game’s complex plot presents certain challenges for players who are not good at the slight differences of the source material. “Black Myth: Wukong” is a proof to the perfect integration of traditional Chinese cultural elements with modern gaming technology. The game beautifully combines Daoist talismans(护身符), Buddhist artifacts, and ancient architectural wonders, creating a visually stunning experience that draws inspiration from iconic landmarks such as the Great Wall and the splendid Mount Huangshan. The Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism has cleverly capitalized on the game’s popularity by releasing a promotional video that highlights real-life locations featured in the game, such as Xiaoxitian and Yuhuang Temple. This has led to a surge of cultural pilgrimages(朝圣) to these historic sites, as fans of the game seek to experience the real-world counterparts of the virtual wonders they have explored. The development team’s dedication to authenticity is evident in their careful research in Shanxi, a region that boasts(自夸) 80 percent of China’s surviving wooden structures from the Yuan Dynasty and earlier periods. This research has led to an almost exact copy of China’s breathtaking landscapes, grand temples, and delicate sculptures inside the game. This remarkable achievement not only serves as a proof to the team’s dedication to authenticity but also stands as a powerful cultural export, allowing players from around the globe to experience the richness of Chinese heritage in an immersive(沉浸式的) and interactive manner. The game’s success is a reflection of the growing influence of Chinese culture in the global gaming industry. “Black Myth: Wukong” is not just a game; it is a cultural phenomenon that bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming, creating an experience that is both educational and entertaining. As the game continues to gain popularity, it is likely to attract even more players who are curious about Chinese mythology and history, further cementing its status as a global cultural icon. 1. “Black Myth: Wukong” appeals internationally mainly because of . A. its simple plot and gameplay B. its complicated plot and cultural elements C. its focus on Western mythology D. its lack of historical accuracy 2. To use the game’s popularity, the Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism . A. released a video game B. created a promotional video C. built new tourist attractions D. published a travel guidebook 3. What is the significance of the development team’s research in Shanxi? A. It led to the creation of a new game engine. B. It was used to develop a virtual reality experience. C. It caused a decline in tourism to Shanxi. D. It resulted in a near 1:1 reproduction of Chinese landscapes. 4. “Black Myth: Wukong” bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming . A. ignoring historical accuracy B. focusing on Western themes C. integrating cultural elements into gameplay D. using outdated graphics 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是《黑神话：悟空》通过融合传统中国文化与现代游戏技术，吸引国内外玩家并促进文化旅游的发展。 1. 推理判断题。根据首段中的“This game has not only gained great popularity within China but has also captivated international audiences, many of whom may not be familiar with the complexities of the classic Chinese novel “Journey to the West”, from which the game draws its inspiration. (这款游戏不仅在中国国内广受欢迎，还吸引了国际观众的关注，尽管其中许多人可能并不熟悉经典中国小说《西游记》的复杂情节，而这款游戏正是从中汲取灵感的。)”以及第二段中的““Black Myth: Wukong” is a proof to the perfect integration of traditional Chinese cultural elements with modern gaming technology.(《黑神话：悟空》是传统中国文化元素与现代游戏技术完美结合的证明。)”可知，尽管很多人不熟悉中国小说《西游记》的复杂情节，但仍受到国内外的欢迎，且游戏将丰富的文化元素和复杂的故事情节相结合，由此可知，《黑神话：悟空》的国际吸引力主要来自于复杂的情节和文化元素。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism has cleverly capitalized on the game’s popularity by releasing a promotional video that highlights real-life locations featured in the game, such as Xiaoxitian and Yuhuang Temple. This has led to a surge of cultural pilgrimages to these historic sites, as fans of the game seek to experience the real-world counterparts of the virtual wonders they have explored.(山西省文化和旅游厅巧妙地利用了游戏的流行度，发布了一部宣传视频，重点介绍了游戏中出现的真实地点，例如小西天和玉皇庙。这引发了一股文化朝圣潮，游戏玩家纷纷前往这些历史遗址，以亲身体验他们在虚拟世界中探索过的奇迹。)”可知，为了利用游戏的流行度，山西省文化和旅游厅制作了一部宣传视频。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This research has led to an almost exact copy of China’s breathtaking landscapes, grand temples, and delicate sculptures inside the game.(这项研究使得游戏中几乎完全复制了中国令人叹为观止的景观、宏伟的寺庙和精致的雕塑。)”可知，研究的意义在于实现了对中国景观的高精度复制。故选D项。 4. 细节理解题。根据尾段中的““Black Myth: Wukong” is not just a game; it is a cultural phenomenon that bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming, creating an experience that is both educational and entertaining.(《黑神话：悟空》不仅仅是一款游戏；它是一种文化现象，弥合了中国传统文化与现代游戏之间的差距，创造了一种既教育又娱乐的体验。)”可知，开发团队通过将文化元素融入游戏玩法，成功实现了弥合中国传统文化与现代游戏之间的差距。故选C项。 高频话题04 人与社会—交通运输和旅游观光 Passage 1 (2025江苏省南通、泰州、镇江等市高三上学期第一次调研)In Morten Tyldum’s movie Passengers, characters Jim Preston and Aurora Lane are on a 120-year interstellar journey with 5,000 other people. Their destination: HomesteadⅡ, a new world to start their lives anew. To survive the travel, passengers entered hibernation(冬眠), each one frozen in their own pod. However, something goes wrong and Jim and Aurora wake up 90 years too early. But what if we told you that hibernation for space travel is more likely to happen than the romantic story between Jim and Aurora? Hibernation is a state in which living organisms slow down their metabolic (新陈代谢的) processes while maintaining essential functions. Once inside these pods, astronauts will get drugs to adjust metabolism, reduce core temperature, and cause inactivity. Once back on Earth, they will wake up and gradually readopt their normal functional metabolism. For going to Mars, astronauts would require about 30 kg of food, water, air, and other supplies per day. Thus, hibernation can significantly cut down on their essential needs. Additionally, hibernating astronauts wouldn’t get bored, stressed, or lonely, and less time and space would be needed to help keep them fit or entertained. But this is merely the theory. Space agencies are investigating whether reducing body temperature and later inducing(导致) metabolism is a more practical option, while, most research projects are currently focusing on animals. The question is: how can we evoke hibernation in species that are not normally doing that? And this is why the research on rats, not naturally hibernating animals, is interesting. Research on bears is also important since their body size is more relatable to ours. The concept is not being considered for the forthcoming Mars mission, but for longer missions to farther destinations such as the outer planets, it could be a very useful technology. Hibernation for humans is an ethically controversial concept, and critics may consider it as a mad scientist’s dream. However, without such dreamers, humanity would still be in the Middle Ages. 1. Why does the author mention the movie Passengers? A. To advertise a popular sci-fi space movie. B. To introduce a new approach to long spaceflights. C. To explore the possibility of settling another planet. D. To reveal the potential dangers of long space travels. 2. What happens to hibernating astronauts? A. Their functional metabolism is disturbed. B. They need more time and space for entertainment. C. They lose the balance between basic needs and supplies. D. Their physical and mental needs are reduced to a minimum. 3. What does the underlined word “evoke” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Initiate. B. Justify. C. Define. D. Prioritize. 4. What does the author think of hibernation for humans? A. It may be a risky strategy. B. It is a dream hard to realize. C. It can advance social progress. D. It challenges traditional moral values. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了太空旅行中冬眠的理论及其研究进展。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“However, something goes wrong and Jim and Aurora wake up 90 years too early. But what if we told you that hibernation for space travel is more likely to happen than the romantic story between Jim and Aurora?( 然而，事情出了问题，吉姆和奥罗拉提前90年醒来。但如果我们告诉你，太空旅行的冬眠比吉姆和奥罗拉之间的浪漫故事更有可能发生呢？)”可推知，作者提到电影《太空旅客》是为了引出下文关于太空旅行中冬眠这一话题，介绍一种长途太空飞行的新方法(To introduce a new approach to long spaceflights)。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“For going to Mars, astronauts would require about 30 kg of food, water, air, and other supplies per day. Thus, hibernation can significantly cut down on their essential needs. Additionally, hibernating astronauts wouldn’t get bored, stressed, or lonely, and less time and space would be needed to help keep them fit or entertained.( 为了去火星，宇航员每天需要大约30公斤的食物、水、空气和其他补给。因此，冬眠可以大大减少它们的基本需求。此外，冬眠的宇航员不会感到无聊、压力或孤独，而且需要更少的时间和空间来帮助他们保持健康或娱乐。)”可知，冬眠的宇航员基本需求会显著减少，也不会感到无聊、有压力或孤独，用于保持健康和娱乐的时间和空间也更少，说明他们的身体和心理需求都被降到了最低(Their physical and mental needs are reduced to a minimum)。故选D项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“And this is why the research on rats, not naturally hibernating animals, is interesting. Research on bears is also important since their body size is more relatable to ours.( 这就是为什么对老鼠的研究很有趣，而不是自然冬眠的动物。对熊的研究也很重要，因为它们的体型与我们的体型更接近。)”可知，此处为我们如何让那些通常不冬眠的物种进入冬眠状态？故可猜测划线单词evoke为“唤起，引起”的意思，和A选项Initiate“发起，启动”意思相近。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Hibernation for humans is an ethically controversial concept, and critics may consider it as a mad scientist’s dream. However, without such dreamers, humanity would still be in the Middle Ages.( 人类冬眠在伦理上是一个有争议的概念，批评者可能认为这是疯狂科学家的梦想。然而，如果没有这样的梦想家，人类可能还停留在中世纪。)”可知，作者认为人类冬眠在伦理上有争议，批评者可能认为这是疯狂科学家的梦想，但如果没有这样的梦想家，人类可能还处于中世纪，说明作者认为人类冬眠可以推动社会进步(It can advance social progress)。故选C项。 Passage 2 (2025江苏省南通市如皋市高三下上学期适应性考试(一)When I challenged myself to travel by low-carbon routes during the writing of my book, I experienced the best and worst of our transit network. When public transport works, it really works. I found traveling by train and bike empowering. But even in this time of climate emergency, public transport still remains an unpopular choice. It doesn’t take many strikes, cancellations, missed connections and rising ticket prices to avoid it altogether. When the average British person already spends around £ 3,500 a year on car costs, it’s no wonder we prefer the driver’s seat. Yet, there are many reasons we should be using public transport more, with one being the bonus to the environment they bring. Recent research shows that UK trains have higher carbon savings than previously thought. For my Scottish journey, had I traveled a similar route from London to Edinburgh by car, my journey’s emissions would supposedly have increased 10-fold. E-bike rental schemes have also increased across the UK, and so has cycling in general, but this mode of transport isn’t always planned for. All over the country, dedicated(专用的) bike lanes are way too rare. All of this has revealed to me that while the UK’s transport infrastructure(基础设施) is poor, its potential is significant. We know how effective electrified rail routes can be in decarbonization, but in 2021-22 little more than a mile of such track was upgraded across Britain. Centrally funded investment could change things. The rest of Europe seems to recognize this. If I were in Austria, I could travel across Vienna by public transport for €l a day. In Germany, I could organize a monthly €49 direct debit for all-inclusive regional public transport. Closer to home, Brighton and Hove have the most popular bus network outside London. We must demand a nationalized low-carbon network, A standardized, centrally funded consistently supported ecosystem of public transport across the UK could truly change our carbon game. 1. What does the underlined word “empowering” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. Sparking debate. B. Causing confusion. C. Giving strength or confidence. D. Leading to complaints and protests. 2. What is the problem with implementing e-bike rental schemes? A. High rental fees. B. Potential safety problems. C. Lack of public interest. D. Insufficient infrastructure 3. Why does the author mention Austria and Germany? A. To compare the costs of public transport. B. To predict the challenges of UK’s public transport. C. To contrast with the state of UK’s public transportation. D. To illustrate the popularity of public transport in Europe 4. What can be the best title for the passage? A. Transforming carbon game: The Eco-Boost on Rails. B. Revolutionizing UK Transport: The Green Ride Ahead. C. Empowering Global travelling: A Long March on Land. D. Revolutionizing UK City Life: The Tech Leap on Tracks. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了英国公共交通的现状、问题以及改进的可能性，并呼吁建立国家化的低碳公共交通网络。 1. 词句猜测题。根据上文“When I challenged myself to travel by low-carbon routes during the writing of my book, I experienced the best and worst of our transit network. When public transport works, it really works. (在写书期间，我给自己设定了一个挑战，即通过低碳出行方式旅行，这让我亲身体验了我们交通网络的优与劣。当公共交通运行顺畅时，它的表现真的非常出色。)”可知，作者写书时挑战自己使用低碳出行方式，因此可推测作者认为乘坐火车和自行车旅行是积极正面的经历，划线的“empowering”应表示“给予力量或信心”。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“All over the country, dedicated (专用的) bike lanes are way too rare. (在全国各地，专用的自行车道太少了。)”可知，实施电动自行车租赁计划存在的问题是基础设施不足。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The rest of Europe seems to recognize this. If I were in Austria, I could travel across Vienna by public transport for €1 a day. In Germany, I could organize a monthly €49 direct debit for all-inclusive regional public transport. Closer to home, Brighton and Hove have the most popular bus network outside London. (欧洲其他国家似乎都认识到了这一点。如果我在奥地利，我可以每天花1欧元乘公共交通穿越维也纳。在德国，我可以每月安排49欧元的直接借记，用于全包的区域公共交通。离家更近的地方，布赖顿和霍夫拥有伦敦以外最受欢迎的公交网络。)”可知，作者提到奥地利和德国是为了与英国公共交通的状况形成对比。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论了英国公共交通的现状、问题以及改进的可能性，并呼吁建立国家化的低碳公共交通网络，由此可知，B项“英国交通革命：前方的绿色之旅。”最符合文章主旨。故选B。 Passage 3 (2025·山东聊城·莘县一模)China has a long history. So, there are a lot of cool places with amazing historical stories. In this passage, you will read some amazing sites(地方) in China. The Grand Canal(大运河) is a man-made waterway with a history of more than 2,500 years. It is as long as 3,200 kilometers! It’s the longest man-made canal in the world. It has three parts and the longest part is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which is about 1,794 kilometers long. The Longmen Grottoes are in Luoyang, Henan Province. One of the biggest groups of statues(雕像) is in the Fengxian Temple. They show us what art was like during the Tang Dynasty. In 2000, UNESCO listed the Longmen Grottoes as a UNESCO World Heritage(遗产) site. The Erlitou Site, in Henan Province, was the capital city for the middle and late periods of the Xia Dynasty. Also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it is important for finding out how Chinese civilization(文明) began and how people build ancient capitals. 1. How long is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal? A. About 1,794 kilometers. B. About 2,500 kilometers. C. About 3,200 kilometers. D. About 7,194 kilometers. 2. Which was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2000? A. The Erlitou Site. B. The Grand Canal. C. The Fengxian Temple. D. The Longmen Grottoes. 3. Which sites are both in Henan Province? A. The Grand Canal and The Erlitou Site. B. The Grand Canal and The Fengxian Temple. C. The Longmen Grottoes and The Erlitou Site. D. The Longmen Grottoes and The Grand Canal. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The Grand Canal has four parts in total. B. The Grand Canal is one of the longest man-made canals in the world. C. We can find out how people build ancient capitals in The Erlitou Site. D. The statues in Fengxian Temple show us the art during the Xia Dynasty. 5. Which part of the newspaper might this passage come from? A. Human and self. B. Human and nature. C. Human and society. D. Human and science. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国三个令人惊叹的历史遗址。 1.$$ 专题02 阅读理解(说明文)(一) 高频话题01 人与自我—个人保健/医疗 Passage 1 (2025安徽省示范高中皖北协作区高三下学期一模)Researchers have developed a machine learning algorithm(算法) to accurately detect heart murmurs(杂音) in dogs, one of the main indicators of heart disease. The research team, led by the University of Cambridge, adapted an algorithm. originally designed for humans and found it could automatically detect and grade heart murmurs in dogs, based on audio recordings from digital stethoscopes(听诊器). “Heart disease in humans is a huge health issue, but in dogs it’s an even bigger problem,” said Dr Andrew McDonald from Cambridge’s Department of Engineering. “Roughly one in every thirty dogs seen by a vet has a heart murmur, although the incidence is higher in small breed dogs and older dogs. Most smaller dog breeds will have heart disease when they get older, but obviously dogs can’t communicate in the same way that humans can, so it’s up to primary care vets to detect heart disease early enough so it can be treated.” The researchers started with a database of heart sounds from about 1,000 human patients and developed the machine learning algorithm. They then adapted it so it could be used with heart sounds from dogs. The researchers gathered data from almost 800 dogs that were undergoing routine heart examination. All dogs received a full physical examination and heart scan to grade any heart murmurs and identify heart disease. Their heart sounds were recorded using an electronic stethoscope. The researchers adjusted the algorithm so it could both detect and grade heart murmurs based on the audio recordings, and tell the difference between murmurs associated with mild disease and those reflecting advanced heart disease that required further treatment. “So many people talk about AL as a threat to jobs, but for me, I see it as a tool that will make me a better doctor,” said. co-author. Professor Jose Novo Matos. “We don’t have enough time or veterinary(兽医的) specialists to screen every dog with a murmur. But tools like these could help vets and owners, so we can quickly identify those dogs that are most in need of treatment.” 1. What is the function of the machine learning algorithm? A. To record sounds of dogs. B. To treat heart disease in dogs. C. To identify and rate heart murmurs in dogs. D. To train vets to recognize heart murmurs in dogs. 2. Why is heart disease in dogs considered a bigger problem than that in humans? A. Dogs can’t express their symptoms like humans. B. Vets are less skilled in detecting heart disease. C. Dogs have a higher incidence of heart disease. D. Heart disease in dogs is harder to treat. 3. What can be inferred about the researchers’ approach to developing the algorithm? A. Adapting the algorithm for dogs was unplanned. B. Dog data was prioritized over human data to r accuracy. C. The algorithm is less accurate for dogs than for humans. D. The development of the algorithm was based on human data. 4. What is Jose Novo Matos attitude to the use of AI in veterinary medicine? A. Skeptical. B. Negative. C. Positive. D. Neutral. Passage 2 (2025河北省部分重点高中高三下学期调研考试)While Ozempic causes “significant lean mass loss”, it burns calories with no apparent side effects. Scientists claim they have discovered a new drug that promotes weight loss similar to Ozempic, but without much loss of muscle. The 47 scientists behind the study hope the new drug candidate, which is referred to as NK2R, could eventually become an option for people who haven’t had success with other weight loss treatment. “Many slimming pills can cause an unpleasant vomiting (呕吐) response. However, our drug had no such side effect,” Zach Gerhart-Hines — co-author on the study — told BBC. “Compared to Ozempic, it causes little muscle loss.” So how does it work? The research claims NK2R affects the body in two main ways: firstly, by targeting your brain and reducing appetite. Secondly, the drug increases calorie burning in the muscles and body fat. NK2R, the scientists say, acts on a different neural circuit in the brain than Ozempic. Ozempic boosts calorie burning by mimicking (模仿) a hormone called GLP-1, which reduces hunger and appetite, while NK2R drug works differently. It targets a molecule (分子) found naturally in the body’s cells, known also as NK2R. Scientists say activating NK2R through the drug can influence blood sugar and body weight. When the research team administered the drug to overweight mice, it resulted in weight loss and a decrease in food intake. But some health experts have reservations about the impact this treatment will have on humans. “The study is currently a theory based on animals. Will it work in practice?” Dr. Adam Collins — Associate Professor of Nutrition at the University of Surrey — explained to BBC. Researchers aim to begin clinical trials of NK2R on humans within the next two years. 1. What can be learned from paragraph 2? A. NK2R will take the place of Ozempic. B. Ozempic usually leads patients to vomit. C. NK2R may be popular among customers. D. NK2R causes no muscle loss compared to Ozempic. 2. How does the author explain how NK2R functions? A. By quoting authorities. B. By listing numbers. C. By making comparisons. D. By giving examples. 3. What is Dr. Adam Collins’s attitude towards NK2R? A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Concerned. D. Indifferent. 4. Why does the author write the text? A. To advertise for NK2R. B. To introduce a new diet pill. C. To stress the importance of health. D. To inform readers of NK2R’s function. Passage 3 (2025河北省沧州市五县联考高三下学期一模)When you see someone take that first sip of freshly made milk tea, their face looks like pure joy. Today, millions of people enjoy this experience. Across the world, customers flock to their favorite spots to meet with friends and savor sips of these tasty drinks. In the early 2000s, though, milk tea was just coming on the scene. The few brands that had successfully established themselves in the industry were dearly concerned: Would milk tea just be another fashion food? Sure, people are enjoying it today, but would they still be in a year, or five years? And with so much new excitement for this product, would people be able to distinguish milk tea companies? These are the questions that Serenitea, a Manila-based milk-tea company, faced in 2014. While successfully opening 60 stores, they found themselves in a strategic fog, which led them to research into the deep, unexplored psychology of milk tea. Like Airbnb, Serenitea partnered with an agency, CIA Bootleg Manila (CBM), that specializes in drilling down to the deep consumer “why”. The agency conducted a series of intensive, psychological-based techniques in its market research. Specifically, they probed the consumer’s deeper, emotional connections to milk tea, including their earliest childhood memories of milk and tea. What they found was that milk tea was a complex topic. Their research revealed that milk tea produces three consistent psychological responses. People connected to milk through the concept of nurturing (滋养); they fondly remembered their childhood and being cared for by their mothers. Next, consumers connected tea to its healing properties. Respondents would recall receiving tea when they had stomachache or seeing their parents drinking herbal tea for health reasons. Lastly, they associated milk tea itself with teenage fun: a guilty pleasure of their youth. They had uncovered the three psychological cornerstones(基石) of the milk tea experience: nurturing, healing, and teenage fun. This set of insights was crucial. By integrating them into the core of their brand strategy, they struck out an entirely new path. 1. Which is closest in meaning to “probed ” in paragraph 4? A. Applied. B. Related. C. Demonstrated. D. Investigated. 2. What can we learn from the passage? A. Serenata planned to distinguish itself from competitors. B. Serenitea outperformed its opponents in research field. C. Serenitea suffered a temporary strategic failure in 2014. D. Serenitea partnered with a leading psychological agency. 3. What can Serenitea do with the findings from their research? A. Offer as many new flavors as possible. B. Create a youthful and playful brand image. C. Redesign stores by adding romantic elements. D. Conduct intensive market research with CBM. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. A New Path to Business Success B. Three Cornerstones of Milk Tea C. Sharing the Pure Joy of Milk Tea D. Revealing Milk Tea Psychology Passage 4 (2025河北省邢台市名校协作高三下学期一模)The industrial solvent(溶剂) trichloroethylene (TCE) was once an ingredient in the process of removing caffeine from coffee. However, it was banned by the food industry in the 1970s. Despite that, it is still a necessary element in some household products, such as cleaning wipes, tool cleaners, paint removers, carpet cleaners and spot removers. In the United Kingdom, dry cleaners stopped using it in the mid-1950s, but according to Public Health England, it still plays a necessary part in metal cleaning. A global study in 2021 found TCE increased the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease, a progressive disorder that affects the nervous system and the parts of the body controlled by the nerves. It is said that the harmful chemical was fueling rising numbers of cases of Parkinson’s disease across the world. About one million people in the US currently suffer from the condition. Doctors diagnose (诊断) 60,000 Americans each year. Brian Grant, who played for 12 years in the NBA, was diagnosed at the age of 36. The study authors say he was exposed to TCE when he was just three years old. He lived with his father, a US Marine at Camp Lejeune where TCE has been found polluting the military base. Amy Lindberg was similarly exposed there while serving as a US Navy captain. She was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease 40 years later. The study also details others whose condition was the result of living close to a polluted site or working with the chemical directly. The US alone is home to thousands of polluted sites. Researchers say the country needs to speed up cleaning and controlling efforts. They argue that TCE should be further limited in use and be replaced by other chemicals as soon as possible. Besides, TCE levels in groundwater, drinking water, soil, and outdoor and indoor air require closer monitoring, and the information needs to be shared with those who live and work near polluted sites. 1. What makes TCE a necessary element in household products? A. Its environment-friendly property. B. Its easy availability in daily life. C. Its outstanding cleaning ability. D. Its power of ensuring product safety. 2. What did the global study in 2021 show? A. The young tended to develop Parkinson’s disease. B. TCE and Parkinson’s disease were closely related. C. Parkinson’s disease was caused by complex factors. D. Parkinson’s disease proved more deadly than before. 3. What can be known about Brian Grant and Amy Lindberg mentioned in paragraph 4? A. They fell sick shortly after joining the US Navy. B. They worked with the chemical of TCE directly. C. They suffered because of their exposure to TCE. D. They were diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease early. 4. Which of the following shows the researchers’ opinion? A. TCE levels in the air are impossible to monitor. B. Measures of handling TCE should be stricter. C. The use of chemicals requires more freedom. D. Efforts to replace TCE have proven very simple. Passage 5 (2025江苏省南通、泰州、镇江等市高三上学期第一次调研测试)Today’s digital media deliver rapid messages — such as phone notifications and text overlays on videos — to our brains at an impressive speed, far faster than spoken words reach us. But can we process these texts as quickly as we can determine the makeup of the visuals that are also a part of our screen life? The scientists began their research by considering current scientific explanations of how we understand language, which center on word-by-word sentence processing models. They concluded these don’t effectively account for how quickly our brains can process entire sentences seen at a glance, as opposed to word by word like in speech. The scientists used a technique called magnetoencephalography, which uses magnetic (磁的) fields to track electrical activity in the brain. While being scanned, volunteers were presented with a three-word sentence structure that flashed onto a screen for 300milliseconds, followed by a second set of words that was either identical or differed by one word. The participants were asked to assess whether the second sentence was the same as the first or had been changed. The scans revealed that the left temporal cortex of the brain, which is an important part of the brain’s ability to understand language, showed higher levels of activity for three-word sentences than random word lists. The activity appeared in just 125 milliseconds. The fastest brain activity was observed when phrases like “nurses clean wounds” were presented, in comparison to noun lists such as “hearts lungs livers”. A similar rapid response was noted when sentences with a subject, verb and object were altered so that they contained an agreement error — for example “nurses cleans wounds” — or became implausible (难以置信的), for example “wounds clean nurses”. But the effect disappeared when the sentences were given less typical structures, for example “wounds nurses clean” or “wounds cleans nurses”. While the authors note they focused on English, adding that rapid at-a-glance comprehension may rely on other features in different languages, they say the study offers new insights. “The earliest stage of at-a-glance comprehension appears to be more structure than meaning driven,” they write. 1. What did the new research focus on? A. The impact of constant flood of short messages. B. Human brain’s comprehension of screen visuals. C. The essence of word-by-word sentence processing. D. Human brain’s at-a-glance sentence comprehension. 2. What task did researchers set for volunteers of the experiment? A. Indicating whether the sentences match. B. Correcting mistakes in the flashed sentences. C. Interpreting the meanings of unstructured sentences. D. Combining unrelated words to form meaningful sentences. 3. Which of the following was associated with the quickest brain response? A. Lists of nouns. B. Three-word sentences. C. Unstructured words. D. Less typical structures. 4. What does the last paragraph talk about concerning the research? A. Its implication. B. Its practical application. C. Expectations for follow-up studies. D. Scientists with new perspectives. Passage 6 (2025江苏省苏锡常镇高三下学期一模)Intensity exercises often get praised for their role in preventing illnesses like high blood pressure, heart disease, and Type 2 diabetes-not to mention their mental health benefits. But there’s a common mistake: the more intense the exercise, the better the benefits. A recent research shows that low-to-moderate(低到中等的) intensity exercise,such as Zone 2 training,maybe just as-or even more-effective for improving health and endurance(持久力). Exercise intensity is often broken down into five separate heart rate zones, each representing a different percentage of your maximum heart rate. Zone 2, which falls between 60 to 70 percent of a person’s maximum heart rate, is “your all-day pace”. Theoretically, it’s at such a low intensity that you can keep going and going. This kind of exercise offers a unique advantage：it's just below the lactate threshold(乳酸阈值) the point where lactate-an essential energy source-builds up in the blood faster than it can be removed. As exercise intensity increases beyond Zone 2, the body’s energy demands shift to favor a lactate-producing system over a lactate-consuming one. At these higher intensities, carbohydrate(碳水化合物) use increases as a rapid fuel source while fat burning slows down. Zone 2 exercises can provide a competitive advantage for endurance athletes, as fat is more readily available as an energy source than sugars. “If you are able to use fat as an energy source when you are exercising, you are going to reduce your reliance on sugar stores,” says Holmer,an exercise scientist. It also improves endurance by increasing the body’s ability to use a more efficient way for longer periods of exercise. For people just starting a fitness routine, Zone 2 training has some additional benefits,the major one being that it is sustainable. Zone 2 training can be done at a moderate pace, leaving a person feeling better the next day and ready to go again. In contrast, over-reliance on high-intensity training can lead to quicker burnout and longer recovery times. “Exercise doesn’t have to hurt,” Holmer says. 1. How can we describe “your all-day pace” in paragraph 2? A. Sustainable. B. Difficult. C. Unchanged. D. Unrealistic. 2. Which of the following happens when Zone 2 training is done? A. The burning of fat slows down. B. The use of carbohydrate is enhanced. C. Lactate is removed faster than it is built up. D. The lactate-producing system is favored. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. How Zone 2 training benefits endurance. B. Whether Zone 2 training is good to athletes. C. What is used as energy sources for Zone 2 exercises. D. Why a more efficient way is used for Zone 2 exercises. 4. What does Holmer suggest starters do by saying “Exercise doesn’t have to hurt”? A. Stop doing too much Zone 2 training. B. Stop doing high-intensity training. C. Do training at a moderate pace. D. Do less exercise to avoid hurting themselves. Passage 7 (2025届湖北省部分高中协作体高三年级三月联考一模)One major issue in contemporary medical science is the use of humans in clinical trials of medical products. These trials occur frequently to determine the best way to manage diseases. People are invited randomly and paid to take part in trials of an experimental drug, or new surgical procedure, in a number of countries at the one time. For example, up to a quarter of patients in some fields like breast cancer may be engaged. Other projects, one of which is to determine whether new scanning techniques can detect Alzheimer’s disease, are under way. They may be given the drug or a placebo(安慰剂), or the best existing treatment, and results compared. The trials may be ”blind” with the patient not knowing which group they are in or they may be a “double-blind” with the doctors not knowing either. Actually, so many people offer themselves willingly. Patients take the views that at least they will get special attention from the doctor if they participate and they may get access to new drugs before they become available in chemists’ shops. In some countries people are paid to participate, especially in poorer countries where they may be told little of what is actually happening. Yet there are significant risks too. One US study estimated that one in 30 people suffered side effects from such trials, and one in 10, 000 dies. Doctors say that the risk is not so great during the trial itself, where patients are closely monitored, but comes when the drug is released on the market place. For example, in 2004 a US company recalled an arthritis drug, when it was found that after 18 months of use, the risk of heart attack and stroke increased. People who support testing claim the risks to the individual are small compared with the benefits. Even if the individual has adverse outcomes and their condition worsens, that is valuable information for the drug company. While the drug companies usually pay for the hospital trials, government has set up medical committees to handle the issue. 1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. The purpose of medical trial. B. The procedure of medical trial. C. The groups of medical trial. D. The result of medical trial. 2. Why does the author mention the example in the fourth paragraph? A. To tell us a lot of patients die from the medical trials. B. To show the risk of heart attack and stroke has increased. C. To introduce the risks of the medical trials are not so great. D. To explain the risks of some drugs appear when they are sold. 3. What does the underlined word “adverse“ in the last paragraph mean? A. negative B. effective C. subjective D. impressive 4. What would the author most probably discuss next? A. How the government prevents clinical trials. B. How the government gathers the information. C. How the medical committees pay for the hospital trials. D. How the medical committees solve the problem. Passage 8 (2025湖北省部分高中协作体高三年级三月联考一模)In 2006, documents were published by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They suggested that cloned animals and cloned animal products would be allowed into the American food supply. The FDA has stated that cloned animal products are safe for consumption, and has performed many studies to support this view. In fact, products from cloned animals have already been eaten by some Americans without ill effects. The FDA analyzed the structure(结构)and content of cloned animal products and compared it with that of traditionally reproduced animals, and discovered no statistical difference between the two. Consumers raised serious concerns about cloned animals. The first is the question of whether or not cloned tissue and animal products are truly safe. The second is that many clones are also genetically modified(转基因的)animals, which the FDA has said are unsafe for human consumption. The third is that consumers want to be able to choose what they put into their bodies. The first concern about cloned animals is almost unnecessary due to the price of producing a clone. Making a clone needs hard work and is very costly. These clones live spoiled lives because they are very valuable, despite biologists' warning that cloned animals decrease diversity. The second concern, about genetic modification of cloned animals, is more problematic. It may be very difficult to separate genetically modified animals from normal ones. The purpose of genetically modified cloned animals is unclear, and the FDA hasn't allowed their products onto the market, due to health concerns, but the risk of genetic pollution of healthy animals still exists. Finally, the matter of choice is a large one. Many animal rights activists are worried about clone rights because cloned or not, the animals still have lives. Other consumers are simply trying to eat healthy foods, and have doubts about the cloned animals. If the FDA does not make labeling (贴标签)laws, people may not be able to make informed choices about their food. 1. Why did the FDA allow cloned animal products for consumption? A. They appeal to consumers very much. B. They differ from traditional animal products. C. They taste better than normal animal products. D. They have been proved safe in several aspects. 2. What do we know about producing clones of animals? A. It takes much more efforts and money. B. It provides some new medical benefits. C. It needs less time than raising animals. D. It helps increase the diversity of animals. 3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Cloned animals should be forbidden to enter market. B. Cloned animals should have the same rights as humans. C. Laws should be made to protect people's right to choose food. D. Animal rights activists are strongly against cloned animal products. 4. What's the text mainly about? A. Doubts about cloned animals rights. B. Discussions about how to clone animals. C. Concerns about animal cloning technology. D. Worries about cloned animal consumption. Passage 9 (2025·山东济南莱芜区·一模)Because of busy lifestyles and work stress, more Chinese people are now turning to AI tools like DeepSeek to talk about their problems. They share feelings with the chatbot and receive warm advice. This practice, known as “AI therapy(疗愈),” is becoming popular online. But can robots really replace human therapists? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental health care in 2024 did not get it because it was too expensive or there weren't enough doctors, according to Huntington Psychological Services. Daniel Lowd, an associate professor at the University of Oregon, believes AI could help fill this gap. “If people can find some support and ideas by talking to ChatGPT or chatbot, then I think that's wonderful,” Lowd told Newsweek. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, agreed with Lowd, saying that AI meets people’ s basic needs for emotional support to a point. However, AI has its limits(限制). Human therapists understand feelings deeply through face-to-face talks and create suitable treatment plans— something robots can't fully copy. Dr. LiuYang, a Beijing-based psychologist(心理学家), notes “An AI might recognize keywords like ‘divorce’ or ‘layoff’, but it cannot find out small emotional shifts in tone or body language”. This point becomes important when dealing with a series of situations, where misunderstandings could be dangerous. Another problem is safety. AI might act like a therapist without proper training or rules. It cannot match the level of responsibility that human therapists have. Experts believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict government control. For example, Wysa, an AI mental health app, follows strict medical standards in the UK. Data privacy appears as another large concern (担忧). Users usually share personal details on AI platforms, yet few companies clearly state how this information is stored or used. In 2024, a major Chinese mental health app faced criticism when users found their chats were being analyzed for advertising algorithms (算法). As AI becomes part of daily life, finding a balance between its benefits and risks is important. While AI offers quick help, human connection remains irreplaceable for serious emotional needs. 1. What makes people turn to “AI therapy”? A. AI therapy is warmer. B. AI tools are free. C. People feel much pressure. D. DeepSeek is popular. 2. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Mental health care. B. The AI tool. C. The medical standard. D. The government control. 3. What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A. AI therapy is nicer and cheaper than human therapists. B. AI robots will soon replace human therapists in hospitals. C. AI can perfectly copy human therapists’ skills and methods. D. AI has limits in understanding deep emotions and safety risks. 4. Why does the writer mention the Wysa app? A. To give an example of safe AI under rules. B. To prove robots can deal with emergencies. C. To show AI is cheaper than human doctors. D. To explain why China needs more therapists. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. AI therapy will completely replace human therapists. B. AI is useful for basic support but not for serious cases. C. AI can create specialized treatment plans for people. D. Government control is really unnecessary for AI apps. Passage 10 (2025江西省萍乡市高三下学期一模英语试题)Mastering the science and art of performing surgery takes years of study and practice for a human. Robots, as it turns out, can learn to do surgical tasks much faster. A new study presented at the 8th Annual Conference on Robot Learning in Germany introduced the world to a medical robot that employs artificial intelligence (AI) to learn to perform surgical tasks as well as a human. The research team from Johns Hopkins and Stanford University used a da Vinci Surgical System in the study, which is designed to perform surgical tasks while being remotely controlled by a human surgeon. The robot allows the surgeon to work with greater control and precision. Using a type of AI training called imitation learning, in which an AI learns a new task by observing and coping human actions, the da Vinci robot was able to learn the very complex set of actions needed to carry out a surgical task. Presenting the robot with a dataset that it hadn’t trained on, the researchers found that it was able to perform the virtual simulation(模拟)successfully. This meant that the robot was capable of generalizing, rather than just memorizing, and would be able to manage the unexpected situations that tend to occur in a real-life operating room. “It’s magical to have this model where all we do is feed it camera input, and it can predict the robotic movements needed for surgery,” said Dr. Axel Krieger, assistant professor in mechanical engineering at Johns Hopkins and senior author of the study. “We believe this marks a significant step forward in medical robotics.” Previously, programmers had to go through the painstaking task of hand-coding (手动编码) a robot to get it to perform the action it was being tasked with. Now, it can be trained to learn a new task in a matter of days. Though the idea of a robot surgeon may seem scary to some people, the truth is that some surgeons have been using robots in the operating room for some time now, and it has only improved the medical field. 1. What can be learned about the da Vinci robot in paragraph 2? A. Its self-taught ability. B. Its design style. C. Its high working speed. D. Its great strategy. 2. Why did the researchers present the robot with an unfamiliar dataset? A. To avoid the unexpected. B. To test its performance. C. To control the simulation. D. To overcome its weaknesses. 3. What does Dr. Axel Krieger most probably describe the da Vinci robot as? A. A lost art. B. A desperate attempt. C. A misguided trend. D. A major breakthrough. 4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Applications in the medical field need updating. B. A human surgeon should rely on medical robots. C. The days of automated surgery may arrive some day. D. Automated systems make medical care available worldwide. Passage 11 (2025湖北省部分高中协作体高三下学期三月联考一模)One major issue in contemporary medical science is the use of humans in clinical trials of medical products. These trials occur frequently to determine the best way to manage diseases. People are invited randomly and paid to take part in trials of an experimental drug, or new surgical procedure, in a number of countries at the one time. For example, up to a quarter of patients in some fields like breast cancer may be engaged. Other projects, one of which is to determine whether new scanning techniques can detect Alzheimer’s disease, are under way. They may be given the drug or a placebo (安慰剂), or the best existing treatment, and results compared. The trials may be ”blind” with the patient not knowing which group they are in or they may be a “double-blind” with the doctors not knowing either. Actually, so many people offer themselves willingly. Patients take the views that at least they will get special attention from the doctor if they participate and they may get access to new drugs before they become available in chemists’ shops. In some countries people are paid to participate, especially in poorer countries where they may be told little of what is actually happening. Yet there are significant risks too. One US study estimated that one in 30 people suffered side effects from such trials, and one in 10, 000 dies. Doctors say that the risk is not so great during the trial itself, where patients are closely monitored, but comes when the drug is released on the market place. For example, in 2004 a US company recalled an arthritis drug, when it was found that after 18 months of use, the risk of heart attack and stroke increased. People who support testing claim the risks to the individual are small compared with the benefits. Even if the individual has adverse outcomes and their condition worsens, that is valuable information for the drug company. While the drug companies usually pay for the hospital trials, government has set up medical committees to handle the issue. 1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. The purpose of medical trial. B. The procedure of medical trial. C. The groups of medical trial. D. The result of medical trial. 2. Why does the author mention the example in the fourth paragraph? A. To tell us a lot of patients die from the medical trials. B. To show the risk of heart attack and stroke has increased. C. To introduce the risks of the medical trials are not so great. D. To explain the risks of some drugs appear when they are sold. 3. What does the underlined word “adverse“ in the last paragraph mean? A. negative B. effective C. subjective D. impressive 4. What would the author most probably discuss next? A. How the government prevents clinical trials. B. How the government gathers the information. C. How the medical committees pay for the hospital trials. D. How the medical committees solve the problem. 高频话题02 人与社会—科学技术 Passage 1 (2025安徽省“江南十校”高三下学期一模)In Portugal, near the town of Alqueva, lies Europe’s largest artificial lake, home to an innovative floating solar-power plant developed by EDP, a leading renewable energy company. Despite initial skepticism about the high costs and potential issues of floating solar technology, this project represents the sector’s maturation and readiness for expansion. In this first phase of the project at Alqueva, engineers have stationed some 12,000 PV modules(光伏组件) on floating platforms made from partially recycled plastic and locally sourced soft wood. These are connected to an energy-storage system combining batteries and are integrated with the hydroelectric dam’s power station. Floating solar projects do face plenty of challenges. The kit has to be water-, wave-, wind- and storm-resistant, which adds complexity and cost. The fish in lakes attract plenty of birds, whose droppings can block the sun. To deal with this, engineers for the project at Alqueva have developed remote-controlled cleaning robots and are working on autonomous ones. Yet floating solar projects also enjoy several advantages. When located at existing hydroelectric dams they do not require any additional land and can be connected to the grid(电网) without the multi-year wait common for solar projects. The cooling effect of being on water boosts the efficiency of the modules, with studies suggesting gains of between 5% and 15%over land-based PV, while the shade they produce slows the water loss of the lake. EDP views floating solar as a cornerstone of its renewable energy strategy. The initial 5megawatt s (MW, 兆瓦) capacity at Alqueva may seem modest, but it’s just the beginning. The company is planning a second phase, which will see an additional 70MW capacity by 2025. According to Wood Mackenzie, a leading consultancy, floating solar technology could deliver up to 60,000MW of renewable energy globally by 2031. “This may pale in comparison to the 1,600,000MW of solar capacity installed as of last year. But every bit counts,” he added. 1. Which of the following best describes the EDP project? A. It went unquestioned. B. It can be costly but eco-friendly. C. It has already expanded. D. It is separated from the power station. 2. What can be learned about floating solar projects? A. Engineers have developed auto cleaning robots. B. Floating solar projects demand less time for grid access. C. Land-based PV modules are more productive than floating ones. D. The PV modules decrease the water level of the lake. 3. What might EDP agree with according to the last paragraph? A. The project at Alqueva is an instant success. B. By 2025 the project at Alqueva will provide 70MW capacity. C. The project will generate the majority of global renewable power. D. The floating solar technology has a promising future. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Floating Solar Ready to Shine B. Solar Power or Hydro Power C. The Dawn of Renewable Energy D. A Glimpse into Global Floating Solar Farms Passage 2 (2025河北省部分重点高中高三下学期调研考试)As the planet warms up and oceans rise, extreme weather events are becoming the norm. Getting notified in time to prepare for a disastrous hurricane or heat wave could be the disparity between life and death. AI can help. Two studies published in the journal Nature described the benefit of two AI models that could improve weather forecasting. The first AI-based system is called Pangu-Weather, which was developed by the Huawei Cloud team. It was capable of predicting global weather a week in advance. A majority of countries use numerical(数值)weather prediction models. These models use math formulas to create computer models of the atmosphere and oceans for predicting future weather with data from them. What makes Pangu-Weather different is that the Pangu-Weather model is deeply trained with the help of 39-year global weather data, preparing it to forecast temperature, pressure, and wind speed. When compared to the numerical weather prediction method, Pangu-Weather was 10,000 times faster and no less accurate. Pangu-Weather also contains a 3D model, unlike past AI forecasting systems, that allows it to record atmospheric states at different pressure levels to further increase its accuracy. Pangu-Weather can predict weather patterns 5—7 days in advance. However, it can’t forecast precipitation (降水). As precipitation prediction is vital for extreme weather forecasting, a second Nature model, NowcastNet, fills this gap. It can accurately predict rainfall 6 hours ahead, helping meteorologists(气象学家)study weather patterns in real-time more effectively. NowcastNet focuses on detailed, realistic descriptions of extreme rainfall patterns in local regions. It uses radar observations from the US and China, as well as deep learning methods, to predict precipitation rates over a 1.6-million-square-mile region of the eastern and central US up to 3 hours in advance. 62 meteorologists from China tested NowcastNet and ranked it first, out of four other leading weather forecasting methods, in reliably predicting heavy rain, which it did 71 percent of the time. While generative AI models have good prospects in weather forecasting, experts point out that replacing existing systems has many challenges. However, in 5 — 10 years, these models may surprise us. 1. What does the underlined word “disparity” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Difference. B. Decision. C. Settlement. D. Struggle. 2. What is the advantage of Pangu-Weather compared with the numerical weather prediction method? A. It can predict precipitation more accurately. B. It can provide a 3D view of the weather. C. It is much faster and equally accurate. D. It can record more detailed atmospheric states. 3. What can we learn about NowcastNet from the text? A. It is mainly used to predict global weather patterns. B. It was developed by 62 meteorologists from China. C. It uses radar observations and deep learning to predict precipitation in the US. D. It ranks first among all weather forecasting methods in predicting heavy rain. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The impacts of climate change on extreme weather events. B. The challenges in using generative AI in weather forecasting. C. The explanation of the traditional numerical weather-prediction method. D. The introduction of two AI-based weather-forecasting models and their features. Passage 3 (2025·河南郑州·一模)Artificial intelligence (AI) might be the biggest winner of the Nobel Prize in 2024. US scientist John Hopfield and British-Canadian Geoffrey Hinton won the 2024 Nobel Prize in physics for discoveries and inventions in machine learning that paved the way for the AI rapid growth, according to Reuters. In 1982, Hopfield created a network that helps computers store and recall patterns, similar to how our brains remember things. A year later, Hinton developed the Boltzmann machine, which allows computers to learn independently to recognize patterns in data, such as identifying specific objects in images. As for the Nobel Prize in chemistry, US scientists David Baker and John Jumper, along with British computer scientist Demis Hassabis, won the prize. Half the prize was awarded to Baker “for computational protein design” while the other half was shared by Jumper and Hassabis for their development of the AI model AlphaFold2. Scientists struggled for decades to predict how proteins fold into their 3D shapes that determine their function. However, AlphaFold2, developed by AI research laboratory DeepMind, can accurately predict the 3D structures of nearly all known proteins, showing great potential in the field of drug development. “AI can be a powerful tool for solving problems that involve obtaining outputs from inputs, showing its great potential in scientific research, ” Professor Yang Maojun from Tsinghua University told Science and Technology Daily. In his view, AI applications are not limited to fields like biology, chemistry or physics. Their range mainly depends on how well problems from the real world can be abstracted into a form that AI can learn and process, and whether there is sufficient real-world data to train and build deep learning networks. AI's importance in scientific research is increasingly evident. Yang believes that scientists should actively accept this trend while remaining aware of AI's limitations. Hinton expressed a similar concern at the Nobel press conference. “We also have to worry about a number of possible bad consequences, particularly the threat of these things getting out of control, ” he said. “Humans carry the responsibility for using this new technology in a safe and ethical (合乎道德的) way, for the greatest benefit of humankind,” said Ellen Moons, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics. 1. What was John Hopfield’s contribution to the 2024 Nobel Prize in physics? A. Inventing a new learning machine. B. Designing a new type of data processor. C. Creating an AI model for image analysis. D. Developing a network for pattern storage. 2. Why is AlphaFold2 important in the field of drug development? A. It can forecast protein folding patterns. B. It can produce new proteins for drug use. C. It can identify proteins related to diseases. D. It can analyze the genetic orders of proteins. 3. What may determine the potential of AI applications according to Yang Maojun? A. The accuracy of AI training data. B. The effectiveness of machine learning. C. The availability of enough real-world data. D. The level of real-world problem settlement. 4. What can be the best title of the passage? A. AI also has its weak points. B. AI should benefit humankind. C. AI steals the show at the Nobel Prize. D. AI may run out of control in the future. Passage 4 (2025河南省信阳市高三第一次教学质量检测(一模))In recent years, some researchers have been exploring the possibility of so-called “automated valet parking”, a function that would allow a car to drive itself from the entrance of a parking to a free parking spot. While this autonomous driving application gathered great research interest, its reliable realization has so far proved challenging. Researchers at Mach Drive in Shanghai recently developed OCEAN, an Openspace Collision-freE trAjectory plaNner for the autonomous parking of vehicles. This planner was found to significantly improve the ability of cars to safely reach a parking spot, without colliding(碰撞) with objects on the way. It was designed to overcome the two primary shortcomings of approaches presented in previous studies tackling autonomous parking. The first of these is the inability to accurately predict collisions, while the second involves poor performance in real-time tests. The OCEAN planner builds on a previously introduced approach called Hybrd Optimization-based Collision Avoidance (H-OBCA), dealing with its primary limitations. Its improved design ultimately improves its ability to avoid collisions, along with its stability and speed in real time. “To avoid collisions, we have redesigned a simpler mathematical model and found a method to deal with the problem, making the solution process faster and more efficient,” Wang, Lu and their colleagues wrote in their paper. They tested their planner on hundreds of simulated(模拟的) scenes and conducted real-world experiments in public parking areas. Their results were highly promising, as OCEAN was found to outperform a variety of methods for autonomous parking applications. “Results show that the proposed method has better system performance compared with other standards,” Wang, Lu and his colleagues explained in their paper. “Our method makes it possible to deploy(部署) large-scale parking planner on low computing power platforms that require real-time performance.” The planner developed by this team of researchers could be improved and tested in additional real-world trials. In the future, it could be deployed by car-making firms, contributing to the introduction of automated vehicle parking technologies. 1. What is the main function of OCEAN? A. To help the car find a free parking spot faster. B. To drive the car from the entrance to the exit of a parking lot. C. To enhance the car’s ability to arrive at a parking spot safely. D. To predict the number of the free parking spots in a parking lot. 2. Two primary shortcomings of previous approaches to autonomous parking are _________. A. high cost and complex operation. B. limited application range and high energy consumption. C. inability to accurately predict collisions and poor real-time performance. D. difficulty in adapting to different parking lot layouts and long calculation time. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the OCEAN planner? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. 4. What can be the best title for this passage? A. The Development of Autonomous Parking Technologies B. Mach Drive: A Leading Company in Autonomous Driving C. OCEAN: A Promising Planner for Autonomous Parking D. Challenges in Real-World Autonomous Parking Experiments Passage 5 (2025江西省鹰潭市高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试题)It’s no secret that concussions(脑震荡) are a common issue in sports. About 3.8 million concussions from sports-related injuries occur annually in the U.S alone, and it’s estimated that as many as 5 to 8 percent of all athletes in the country suffer a concussion in any given sports season. While there have been many advancements in protective equipment in sports to try and prevent such injuries, the best way to avoid the long-term effects of brain trauma is often simply identifying and treating them early. Luckily, a team from Michigan State University developed a wearable patch that produces electrical energy when physically touched or pressure is applied for immediate recognition of concussions during high-impact sports. Researchers developed the device, which is, about the size of a band-aid that can be worn on the back of an athlete’s neck and sense when a concussion has occurred, More specifically, the device uses an electrical signal that can catch sudden neck movements, to warn its wearer and nearby medical teams to treat the injury immediately. “Whenever there is movement of the neck, there is pressure either in the form of contraction or tension,” Nelson Sepúlveda, a professor of electrical engineering, said. “Those movements are picked up by the patch and translated to an electrical signal used to estimate the speed of neck movement, both then applied to concussion predictions.” To test the patch, the team attached the patch to a dummy (假人), dropped it from two feet in the air, and found that the device was 90 percent accurate in sensing a potential concussion event across different patch sensor devices. The researchers now hope to continue to tweak their patch so that it could eventually send the information wirelessly to a receiver that can store and create a database with all the pressure experienced by the athlete’s head. and establish a concussion prediction model. That can help its wearer detect concussions earlier or even predict when they might occur-and prevent them entirely. “The end goal is to have wearable, wireless patches that can provide real-time information about the head and neck movement of the athlete,” Sepúlveda said. 1. What problem is stressed in paragraph 1? A. The lasting impacts of sports injuries. B. The lack of protective sports equipment. C. The difficulty of checking brain injuries. D. The high number of sports-related concussions. 2. What key feature allows the patch to function? A. Its strong adaptability to the human body. B. Its reliable prediction of neck movements. C. Its wireless connectivity with medical staff. D. Its ability to make signals upon catching pressure. 3. What does the underlined word “tweak” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Improve. B. Test. C. Finish. D. Introduce. 4. What will be the researchers’ next plans for the patch? A. Adding timely medical treatment. B. Creating a database of athlete performance. C. Building data for injury tracking and prediction. D. Improving the comfort of the patch for wearers. Passage 6 (2025届江西省高三3月一模联考)A new kind of fuel made from the power of the sun, which could revolutionize motoring, has been invented by scientists. The solar-powered technology changes carbon dioxide and water into liquid fuel that can be directly dropped into a vehicle’s engine. The researchers from the University of Cambridge controlled and used the power of photosynthesis(光合作用) to transform CO2, water and sunlight into multi-carbon fuels — ethanol and propanol(乙醇和丙醇) — in a single step. These fuels have a high energy density and can be easily stored or transported, according to scientists whose work was published in Nature Energy. “Shining sunlight on the artificial leaves and getting liquid fuel from carbon dioxide and water is an amazing bit of chemistry,” said Dr Rahaman, the new study’s first author. “Normally, when you try to change CO2 into another chemical product, you almost always get CO or syngas, but here, we’ve been able to produce a practical liquid fuel just using the power of the sun.” They managed this by developing a specific catalyst(催化剂), optimized to allow the artificial leaves to produce more complex chemicals. Unlike fossil fuel, these solar fuels produce net zero carbon emissions, and unlike most bioethanol, they do not take any agricultural land away from food production. “While the technology is only in the laboratory phase, the ‘artificial leaves’ are an important step in the transition away from a fossil fuel-based economy,” the researchers said. Bioethanol is often regarded as a cleaner alternative to gas since it’s made from plants instead of fossil fuel. The United States is the world’s largest bioethanol producer. Almost 45% of all corn grown in the USA is used for ethanol production. Currently, the artificial leaves and the specific catalyst are proof of concept devices and demonstrate only limited performance. The researchers are now working to optimize the light absorbers so that they can better absorb sunlight and optimize the catalyst so it can transform more sunlight into fuel. Further work will also be needed so the device can be mass-produced and make large volumes of fuel. 1. What is a potential advantage of the new fuels? A. Accelerating photosynthesis. B. Storing ethanol and propanol. C. Promoting the use of renewable energy. D. Increasing the speed of current vehicles. 2. What did Dr Rahaman mainly want to show in paragraph 3? A. The components of the artificial leaves. B. The difficulty of changing CO2 into CO. C. The innovation of the transformation process. D. The factors of producing a practical liquid fuel. 3. What did the researchers say about the new fuels? A. They are less economical than fossil fuel. B. They mark a significant shift from fossil fuel. C. They are merely appropriate for laboratory use. D. They require more agricultural land than bioethanol. 4. What does the last paragraph tell us about the artificial leaf technology? A. Its ability to thoroughly replace fossil fuel. B. Its improving efficiency and production capacity. C. Its present widespread application and performance. D. Its immediate impact on the mass-producing artificial leaves. 高频话题03 人与社会—艺术 Passage 1 (2025·山东枣庄四十一中·一模)“Ne Zha 2” is an exciting animated movie that continues the story of the brave young hero, Ne Zha. In the first movie, Ne Zha was born with special powers, but people were afraid of him because they thought he was a demon. However, NeZha didn’t give up. He fought against evil and proved that he could be a hero with his courage and determination. Ne Zha didn’t give up. He fought against evil and proved that he could be a hero with his courage and determination. In “Ne Zha 2”, Ne Zha faces new challenges and meets new friends. Together, they go on an exciting adventure, solving problems and facing dangers. The movie has beautiful animations with bright colors and lively characters. The action scenes are thrilling, and the story is full of surprises. One of the important messages in the movie is that anyone can be a hero if they believe in themselves. Ne Zha learns to control his powers and make the right choices. He also discovers that true strength comes from the heart. The movie teaches us about friendship, bravery, and never giving up. It is a great movie for both children and adults, and it reminds us that we can all overcome our challenges and become the best version of ourselves. 1. Why were people afraid of Ne Zha in the first movie? A. Because he was too strong. B. Because he looked different. C. Because they thought he was a demon. D. Because he was not friendly. 2. What does Ne Zha learn in “Ne Zha 2”? A. How to give up easily. B. How to control his powers. C. How to avoid challenges. D. How to become a demon. 3. What is one of the important messages in the movie? A. Anyone can be a hero if they believe in themselves. B. Only strong people can be heroes. C. Magic is the most important thing. D. It’s better to be alone. 4. How is the animation in “Ne Zha 2” described? A. Boring and simple. B. Beautiful and lively. C. Dark and scary. D. Weak and uninteresting. 5. What does the movie teach us? A. To be afraid of challenges. B. To believe in ourselves. C. To avoid making friends. D. To focus only on ourselves. Passage 2 (2025湖南省高考普通高中名校联考高三下学期第一次模拟)The video game “Black Myth: Wukong” has been praised as a “masterpiece” by critics and enthusiasts alike, with many boldly predicting that it will be a strong competitor for the famed title of Game of the Year. This game has not only gained great popularity within China but has also captivated international audiences, many of whom may not be familiar with the complexities of the classic Chinese novel “Journey to the West”, from which the game draws its inspiration. Despite this, the game’s complex plot presents certain challenges for players who are not good at the slight differences of the source material. “Black Myth: Wukong” is a proof to the perfect integration of traditional Chinese cultural elements with modern gaming technology. The game beautifully combines Daoist talismans(护身符), Buddhist artifacts, and ancient architectural wonders, creating a visually stunning experience that draws inspiration from iconic landmarks such as the Great Wall and the splendid Mount Huangshan. The Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism has cleverly capitalized on the game’s popularity by releasing a promotional video that highlights real-life locations featured in the game, such as Xiaoxitian and Yuhuang Temple. This has led to a surge of cultural pilgrimages(朝圣) to these historic sites, as fans of the game seek to experience the real-world counterparts of the virtual wonders they have explored. The development team’s dedication to authenticity is evident in their careful research in Shanxi, a region that boasts(自夸) 80 percent of China’s surviving wooden structures from the Yuan Dynasty and earlier periods. This research has led to an almost exact copy of China’s breathtaking landscapes, grand temples, and delicate sculptures inside the game. This remarkable achievement not only serves as a proof to the team’s dedication to authenticity but also stands as a powerful cultural export, allowing players from around the globe to experience the richness of Chinese heritage in an immersive(沉浸式的) and interactive manner. The game’s success is a reflection of the growing influence of Chinese culture in the global gaming industry. “Black Myth: Wukong” is not just a game; it is a cultural phenomenon that bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming, creating an experience that is both educational and entertaining. As the game continues to gain popularity, it is likely to attract even more players who are curious about Chinese mythology and history, further cementing its status as a global cultural icon. 1. “Black Myth: Wukong” appeals internationally mainly because of . A. its simple plot and gameplay B. its complicated plot and cultural elements C. its focus on Western mythology D. its lack of historical accuracy 2. To use the game’s popularity, the Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism . A. released a video game B. created a promotional video C. built new tourist attractions D. published a travel guidebook 3. What is the significance of the development team’s research in Shanxi? A. It led to the creation of a new game engine. B. It was used to develop a virtual reality experience. C. It caused a decline in tourism to Shanxi. D. It resulted in a near 1:1 reproduction of Chinese landscapes. 4. “Black Myth: Wukong” bridges the gap between traditional Chinese culture and modern gaming . A. ignoring historical accuracy B. focusing on Western themes C. integrating cultural elements into gameplay D. using outdated graphics 高频话题04 人与社会—交通运输和旅游观光 Passage 1 (2025江苏省南通、泰州、镇江等市高三上学期第一次调研)In Morten Tyldum’s movie Passengers, characters Jim Preston and Aurora Lane are on a 120-year interstellar journey with 5,000 other people. Their destination: HomesteadⅡ, a new world to start their lives anew. To survive the travel, passengers entered hibernation(冬眠), each one frozen in their own pod. However, something goes wrong and Jim and Aurora wake up 90 years too early. But what if we told you that hibernation for space travel is more likely to happen than the romantic story between Jim and Aurora? Hibernation is a state in which living organisms slow down their metabolic (新陈代谢的) processes while maintaining essential functions. Once inside these pods, astronauts will get drugs to adjust metabolism, reduce core temperature, and cause inactivity. Once back on Earth, they will wake up and gradually readopt their normal functional metabolism. For going to Mars, astronauts would require about 30 kg of food, water, air, and other supplies per day. Thus, hibernation can significantly cut down on their essential needs. Additionally, hibernating astronauts wouldn’t get bored, stressed, or lonely, and less time and space would be needed to help keep them fit or entertained. But this is merely the theory. Space agencies are investigating whether reducing body temperature and later inducing(导致) metabolism is a more practical option, while, most research projects are currently focusing on animals. The question is: how can we evoke hibernation in species that are not normally doing that? And this is why the research on rats, not naturally hibernating animals, is interesting. Research on bears is also important since their body size is more relatable to ours. The concept is not being considered for the forthcoming Mars mission, but for longer missions to farther destinations such as the outer planets, it could be a very useful technology. Hibernation for humans is an ethically controversial concept, and critics may consider it as a mad scientist’s dream. However, without such dreamers, humanity would still be in the Middle Ages. 1. Why does the author mention the movie Passengers? A. To advertise a popular sci-fi space movie. B. To introduce a new approach to long spaceflights. C. To explore the possibility of settling another planet. D. To reveal the potential dangers of long space travels. 2. What happens to hibernating astronauts? A. Their functional metabolism is disturbed. B. They need more time and space for entertainment. C. They lose the balance between basic needs and supplies. D. Their physical and mental needs are reduced to a minimum. 3. What does the underlined word “evoke” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Initiate. B. Justify. C. Define. D. Prioritize. 4. What does the author think of hibernation for humans? A. It may be a risky strategy. B. It is a dream hard to realize. C. It can advance social progress. D. It challenges traditional moral values. Passage 2 (2025江苏省南通市如皋市高三下上学期适应性考试(一)When I challenged myself to travel by low-carbon routes during the writing of my book, I experienced the best and worst of our transit network. When public transport works, it really works. I found traveling by train and bike empowering. But even in this time of climate emergency, public transport still remains an unpopular choice. It doesn’t take many strikes, cancellations, missed connections and rising ticket prices to avoid it altogether. When the average British person already spends around £ 3,500 a year on car costs, it’s no wonder we prefer the driver’s seat. Yet, there are many reasons we should be using public transport more, with one being the bonus to the environment they bring. Recent research shows that UK trains have higher carbon savings than previously thought. For my Scottish journey, had I traveled a similar route from London to Edinburgh by car, my journey’s emissions would supposedly have increased 10-fold. E-bike rental schemes have also increased across the UK, and so has cycling in general, but this mode of transport isn’t always planned for. All over the country, dedicated(专用的) bike lanes are way too rare. All of this has revealed to me that while the UK’s transport infrastructure(基础设施) is poor, its potential is significant. We know how effective electrified rail routes can be in decarbonization, but in 2021-22 little more than a mile of such track was upgraded across Britain. Centrally funded investment could change things. The rest of Europe seems to recognize this. If I were in Austria, I could travel across Vienna by public transport for €l a day. In Germany, I could organize a monthly €49 direct debit for all-inclusive regional public transport. Closer to home, Brighton and Hove have the most popular bus network outside London. We must demand a nationalized low-carbon network, A standardized, centrally funded consistently supported ecosystem of public transport across the UK could truly change our carbon game. 1. What does the underlined word “empowering” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. Sparking debate. B. Causing confusion. C. Giving strength or confidence. D. Leading to complaints and protests. 2. What is the problem with implementing e-bike rental schemes? A. High rental fees. B. Potential safety problems. C. Lack of public interest. D. Insufficient infrastructure 3. Why does the author mention Austria and Germany? A. To compare the costs of public transport. B. To predict the challenges of UK’s public transport. C. To contrast with the state of UK’s public transportation. D. To illustrate the popularity of public transport in Europe 4. What can be the best title for the passage? A. Transforming carbon game: The Eco-Boost on Rails. B. Revolutionizing UK Transport: The Green Ride Ahead. C. Empowering Global travelling: A Long March on Land. D. Revolutionizing UK City Life: The Tech Leap on Tracks. Passage 3 (2025·山东聊城·莘县一模)China has a long history. So, there are a lot of cool places with amazing historical stories. In this passage, you will read some amazing sites(地方) in China. The Grand Canal(大运河) is a man-made waterway with a history of more than 2,500 years. It is as long as 3,200 kilometers! It’s the longest man-made canal in the world. It has three parts and the longest part is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which is about 1,794 kilometers long. The Longmen Grottoes are in Luoyang, Henan Province. One of the biggest groups of statues(雕像) is in the Fengxian Temple. They show us what art was like during the Tang Dynasty. In 2000, UNESCO listed the Longmen Grottoes as a UNESCO World Heritage(遗产) site. The Erlitou Site, in Henan Province, was the capital city for the middle and late periods of the Xia Dynasty. Also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it is important for finding out how Chinese civilization(文明) began and how people build ancient capitals. 1. How long is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal? A. About 1,794 kilometers. B. About 2,500 kilometers. C. About 3,200 kilometers. D. About 7,194 kilometers. 2. Which was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2000? A. The Erlitou Site. B. The Grand Canal. C. The Fengxian Temple. D. The Longmen Grottoes. 3. Which sites are both in Henan Province? A. The Grand Canal and The Erlitou Site. B. The Grand Canal and The Fengxian Temple. C. The Longmen Grottoes and The Erlitou Site. D. The Longmen Grottoes and The Grand Canal. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The Grand Canal has four parts in total. B. The Grand Canal is one of the longest man-made canals in the world. C. We can find out how people build ancient capitals in The Erlitou Site. D. The statues in Fengxian Temple show us the art during the Xia Dynasty. 5. Which part of the newspaper might this passage come from? A. Human and self. B. Human and nature. C. Human and society. D. Human and science. Passage 4 (2025届湖南省常德市高三下学期一模)From an airplane, cars moving slowly down the highway look like ants. But actual ants — unlike cars — somehow ow manage to avoid the suffering of stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative tactics(战术) to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the number of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane one driver tapping their brakes(刹车) can cause a persistent wave of congestion. “It’s a kind of phase transition,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Nishinari, a physicist at the University of Tokyo. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that ants can maintain their flow even in large numbers. So what’s their secret? In a recent study, researchers recorded ants on trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another-and they don’t speed up to pass others. Human drivers at rush hour are hard to follow such rules. “We’re maximizing the interests of individuals, which is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says Nicola, who studies sustainable engineering at the University of Trento in Italy. “But self-driving cars, if they one day become everywhere, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to make good use of traffic flow-perhaps, by prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road,” Nicola suggests. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: don’t tailgate. By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic conditions that would otherwise be amplified (放大) into a traffic jam with no obvious cause. “Just keeping away,” he says, “can help traffic flow smoothly.” 1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The principle of causing a jam. B. The bad effects of jams on our life. C. The difficulty of avoiding a jam. D. The suffering of being stuck in a jam. 2. What is the ants’ key to avoiding traffic jams? A. Traveling in large groups. B. Keeping steady speed and spacing. C. Following a central leader. D. Frequently walk over one another. 3. What does Nicola suggest in Paragraph 4? A. Provide more speed choices for drivers. B. Build special roads for self-driving cars. C. Set stricter rules to regulate drivers’ behaviors. D. Apply ants’ cooperative strategies to self-driving cars. 4. What does the underlined word “tailgate” mean in the last paragraph? A. Park illegally. B. Speed up suddenly. C. Drive too closely. D. Ignore traffic signals. 高频话题05 人与社会—社会问题与社会现象 Passage 1 (2025安徽省“江南十校”高三下学期一模)Today and every day we are the targets of advertisers, fundraisers and politicians trying to persuade us to buy something, do something or think a certain way. And they’re good at it. Over the years, they’ve learned a lot about which features to build into a communication and which psychological strings to pull at to increase its success. But by concentrating on the message itself, they’ve missed a crucial component of the process. Research done in the last 15 years shows that best persuasion is achieved through pre-suasion — the practice of arranging for people to agree with a message before they even know what’s in it. Pre-suasion works by focusing people’s attention on a selected concept, which in turn stimulates them to overvalue it over related ones. In one study, visitors to an online sofa store were greeted with images of either soft clouds or small coins in the background of its landing page. Those who saw the clouds were more likely to prefer soft, comfortable sofa s for purchase whereas those who saw the money preferred cheaper models. Long before scientists started studying the process of pre-suasion, a few notable communicators already had an intuitive(直觉的)understanding of it. For example, the pre-suasive strategy was employed in the late 1950s by the advertising firm Doyle Dane Bernbach to introduce the oddly shaped Volkswagen Beetle to a US market dominated by big, powerful, boat-like vehicles. The “We’re ugly but...” campaign strategically admitted to limitations in appearance before trumpeting(鼓吹)the auto’s strengths such as economy, reliability and simplicity. Credited with breaking open the US market for small cars, the ad campaign has been rated among the greatest of all time. With considerable success, practitioners of social influence have always featured persuasive elements — great praises, emotional pull, lastchance opportunities—in their appeals. Perhaps because of that success, they’ve mostly missed an accompanying truth. For maximum impact, it’s not only what you do; it’s also what you do just before you do what you do. 1. What aspect of advertising has been commonly overlooked according to the text? A. The use of psychological strings to influence people. B. The effort to convince people without their knowledge. C. The choice of communication channels for more success. D. The improvement of message contents to attract buyers. 2. Which of the following examples best illustrates the concept of pre-suasion? A. An online store trumpeting special offers. B. A banker explaining interest rates to customers. C. A car dealer offering discounts to potential buyers. D. A shop playing Jingle Bells in Christmas season. 3. What can be learned about the Volkswagen Beetle ad campaign in the 1950s? A. It focused on emotional appeals. B. It failed to highlight its strengths. C. It thoroughly changed the US small-sized car market. D. It strategically introduced an unconventional product. 4. What can we infer about practitioners of social influence? A. They have been expert at applying pre-suasion. B. They have maximized their impact with persuasion. C. They have generally ignored the effectiveness of pre-suasion. D. They have combined pre-suasion with persuasion effectively. Passage 2 (2025湖北省圆创联考高三下学期第一次模拟)Nostalgia, or the experience of lovingly recalling and longing for our past, is seemingly entering our culture right now. But why is it so easy for us to fall into the nostalgia trap? On its surface, it seems simple: arousing fond fuzzy feelings from our past just makes us feel good. But there’s a lot more going on. While experiencing nostalgia, people feel a sense of warmth, fondness, and belonging, and even experience a sort of mental time travel, all of which can drive people to seek out nostalgia. Movies and music easily set off nostalgia and that nostalgic experiences can be particularly comforting in trying times, be they personal or global. Familiar things from our past bring us emotional comfort, but they also encourage the belief that things will get better because they’ve been good before. Nostalgia is typically considered a contradictory emotional experience. Even with happy memories, nostalgia can be both sweet and sour. While you feel comfort and warmth about the memory itself, you may also feel sadness because that experience is gone. The memories in nostalgia are not always good. But even the bad memories that come to mind seem to be more positive because we see them through a rose-color filter(滤镜). We aren’t just longing for our past; we are remembering a romanticized version of our past. There’s a reason why our memories become fonder over time, and the negative bits tend to fade away faster. Take parenthood, for example. Remembering things as better than they were serves an evolutionary purpose. If people were to remember things faithfully to the original, most women would never want to have more than one child. It’s a function of species survival that we can gloss over the bad parts of the past. As a temporary escape, nostalgia provides a much-needed respite(喘息) that can help you live through difficult times. However, it can become negative if you get stuck in the past. 1. When will nostalgic experiences make people feel especially comforting? A. During difficult periods. B. In romantic adolescence. C. While watching movies. D. After listening to music. 2. What makes a person experiencing Nostalgia feel sour according to the text? A. The poor living conditions of the person. B. The passing of the great memories. C. The familiar things of the person’s past. D. The person’s not being understood. 3. What does the underlined phrase “gloss over” in the last but one paragraph mean? A. Answer for B. Hand down. C. Cover up. D. Stick to. 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. How Do We Escape Nostalgia? B. What Do We Learn from Nostalgia? C. When Do We Start Nostalgia? D. Why Do We Experience Nostalgia? 高频话题06 人与自然—环境保护/人与动植物 Passage 1 (2025安徽省示范高中皖北协作区高三下学期一模)According to a new study, climate change will change and reduce the land suitable for growing food and wood, putting the production of these two important resources into direct competition. The sight of vineyards(葡萄园) in Britain is becoming more common as hotter summers create increasingly suitable conditions for growing grapes. But behind this success story is an acute one: climate change is moving the regions of the world suitable for growing crops. Researchers at the University of Cambridge have uncovered a looming(迫在眉睫的) issue: As the land suitable for producing our food moves northwards, it will put pressure on the land we need to grow trees. The wood these trees produce is the basis of much of modern life — from paper and cardboard to furniture and buildings. They say that the increasing competition between land for wood production and food production due to climate change has, until now, been ignored, but is set to be an emerging issue as our demand for both continues to increase. Under the worst-case scenario(可能的情况) for climate change, where no action is taken to reduce carbon emissions in society, the study found that over a quarter of existing forestry land will become more suitable for farming by the end of the century. “There’s only a limited area of suitable land on the planet where we can produce food and wood—two critical resources for society. As climate change worsens and farming is forced to expand northwards, there’s going to be increasing pressure on wood production,” said a researcher in the University of Cambridge’s Department of Plant Sciences. “We’ve got to be-thinking fifty years ahead because if we want wood in the future, we need to be planting it now. The trees that will be cut down by the end of this century are already in the ground — they’re on much slower cycles than food crops,” the researcher added. 1. What does the underlined word “acute” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Serious. B. Sweet. C. Slight. D. Graceful. 2. What is a new issue arising from climate change? A. The overproduction of wood. B. Loss of biodiversity and habitats. C. A decrease in global food demand. D. Agriculture and forestry battle for land. 3. What does the researcher think of the situation of wood production? A. It’s promising. B. It’s challenging. C. It’s satisfying. D. It’s confusing. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The Rise of Grape Yards in Britain. B. Climate Change and Wood Production. C. The Impact of Climate Change on Land Use. D. The Future of Agriculture in a Warming World. Passage 2 (2025河北省沧州市五县联考高三下学期一模)Scientists have long been fascinated by collective intelligence, the idea that groups can solve problems better than individuals. Now, an interesting new study reveals some unexpected findings about group problem-solving abilities across species, specifically comparing how ants and humans tackle complex spatial challenges. Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science designed an experiment involving both groups of longhorn crazy ants (LCAs) and groups of humans in solving the same geometric(几何) puzzle at different scales. These LCAs, measuring just 3 millimeters in length, are distributed all over the world. The puzzle, known as a “piano-movers’ problem”, required moving a T-shaped load through a series of tight spaces and around corners. What makes this study particularly fascinating is that both ants and humans are among the few species known to cooperatively transport large objects in nature. The researchers found that while larger groups of ants performed significantly better than smaller groups or individuals, the opposite was true for humans when their communication was restricted. When human groups were not allowed to speak or use gestures and had to wear masks and sunglasses, their performance actually deteriorated compared to individuals working alone. This finding speaks to fundamental differences in how ants and humans approach collective problem-solving. Individual ants cannot grasp the global nature of the puzzle, but their collection translates into emergent cognitive (认知的) abilities; in other words, they develop new problem-solving skills simply by working together. The large ant groups maintained their direction even after encountering walls and efficiently explored their environment until finding openings. “An ant colony is actually a family. All the ants in the nest are sisters, and they have common interests. It’s a tightly organized society in which cooperation greatly outweighs competition,” explains study co-author Prof. Ofer Feinerman. “That’s why an ant colony is sometimes referred to as a super-organism, sort of a living body composed of multiple ‘cells’ that cooperate with one another.” In contrast, human groups showed no such enhancement of cognitive abilities. 1. Why are LCAs used as subjects for experiments on collective intelligence? A. They are widespread all over the world. B. They can transport T-shaped stuff easily. C. They are much stronger than other ants. D. They have the shared behavior with humans. 2. What does the underlined word “deteriorated” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Became worse. B. Remained normal. C. Changed greatly. D. Stopped suddenly. 3. How can we assess LCAs about their solving puzzles? A. Individual intelligence matters. B. Hard work is the key to success. C. There are more solutions than problems. D. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Ant and Human Problem-Solving. B. Ant Colonies’ Team Strategies. C. Humans’ Group Work Bottlenecks. D. Cross-Species Intelligence Secrets. Passage 3 (2025河北省承德市、张家口市高三下学期一模)Earthworms(蚯蚓) are well-known for their ability to enrich and improve soil. Yet, their precise impact on plant growth has remained a mystery. Now, two groundbreaking studies have found that they not only boost crop yields(产量) but also protect plants from harmful microplastics. In late 2023, a research team from Colorado State University (CSU) reported that earthworms are responsible for 6.5 percent - or 140 million tons - of global food production annually. This is comparable to Russia’s annual grain harvest, which is the world’s fourth largest. CSU’s Steven Fonte and his team drew this conclusion after a comprehensive study. They surveyed earthworm populations, soil qualities, and crop yields from around the world. The researchers focused on four grains - rice, maize, wheat, and barley. The team found that the earthworms’ impact was significant in developing countries. For example, they helped increase grain yields by 10 percent in sub-Saharan Africa and 8 percent in Latin America. Fonte and his team believe farmers in these regions likely lack easy access to chemical fertilizers(化肥). This makes them more reliant on earthworm-rich organic matter, such as manure. “Earthworms are contributing a lot in these areas where we have fewer chemical inputs,” Fonte said. “If we manage our soils in a more sustainable way, we can better make use of this biodiversity and produce more sustainable agroecosystems.” Earthworms help plant growth in several ways. Their burrowing creates channels that loosen the soil and let in fresh air. This allows water to run down from the surface and be stored underground. The earthworms’ constant movement helps mix the soil’s organic matter, making the nutrients more available to plants. In a 2024 study, scientists at Nankai University found that earthworms can also protect plants from microplastic pollution. The researchers tested this by placing tomato plants in soil polluted by tiny plastics. They found that when earthworms were present, the plants grew well despite the pollution. They were also able to drive away common plant-eating insects. The scientists believe that earthworms help boost the tomato plants’ immune systems. This makes them better withstand environmental changes. 1. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The methods used in the study. B. The impact of microplastics on crops. C. The types of grains studied in the research. D. Earthworms’ contribution to global food output. 2. What is one benefit of managing soil with earthworms? A. Greater crop diversity. B. More sustainable farming. C. Richer organic matter. D. Enough chemical fertilizer supply. 3. What does the underlined word “burrowing” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Transporting. B. Resting. C. Growing. D. Digging. 4. What did the Nankai University study find about earthworms? A. They killed insects harmful to plants. B. They helped carry away microplastics. C. They protected plants from environmental stress. D. They grew well in spite of environmental pollution. Passage 4 (2025江西省鹰潭市高三下学期第一次模拟)Octopuses can do many things, from their well-known ability to hide to throwing shells at other octopuses, but one important thing they can’t do is control their body temperature. However, a study in the journal Cell shows that two-spot octopuses adapt to seasonal temperature change by producing different neural proteins. They complete this by editing their RNA to protect their brains. Humans have millions of editing sites, that affect less than three percent of our genes, but the smart cephalopods (头足类动物) can reprogram most of their neural proteins. “In the context outside of cephalopods, the main way to get a new kind of protein is through mutation and evolution,” says St. Francis University biologist Matthew Birk. “That takes generations and hundreds and thousands of years, while this is days. That was very exciting.” Researchers worked with California two-spot octopuses in a laboratory setting and in the wild. Adjusting wild-caught adult octopuses to warm (71.6F) or cold (55.4F) waters in tanks for several weeks, they made a comparison, finding that so many proteins and so many editing sites had changed upon temperature change, and almost all of them in the same direction. Editing occurred at around 30 percent or more than 20,000 individual places on the genome. The edited proteins tended to be neural proteins, and almost all edited sites sensitive to temperature swings were more highly edited in the cold. The team also investigated if reprograming impacted protein structure function. They focused on two proteins that are critical for nervous system function. They found evidence that the reprograming changed the structures in the proteins that would impact how they function. “I’m really interested to see if this extends beyond physical environmental factors. If social context can influence the way you change your nervous system, that’s a pretty interesting concept,” says biologist Rosenthal. “I want to know what is behind the high-level rewriting of RNA.” 1. What ability of octopuses is mentioned in the journal Cell? A. Nerve hiding. B. RNA rewriting. C. Territory occupying. D. Temperature controlling. 2. What is the excitement about cephalopods for Matthew Birk? A. Displaying very fast reactions B. Having great reproductive capacity. C. Showing unique evolutionary processes. D. Updating neural proteins efficiently. 3. What did the researchers find about octopuses from their experiment? A. They edited genes more in the cold. B. They kept original structures of proteins. C. They changed all types of proteins. D. They showed no activity in warm waters. 4. What do researchers want to explore further about octopuses? A. Elements of their protein structures. B. Other reasons for their gene editing. C. Proteins role in their nervous system. D. Temperature impacts on their behavior. Passage 5 (2025江西省萍乡市高三下学期一模)After the disastrous bushfires swept through Australia in 2020, 73,000 square miles burned, affecting about 3 billion animals. Once the smoke cleared, WWF-US teamed up with colleagues from WWF-Australia to start a wildlife monitoring project called Eyes on Recovery. The idea was to set up a network of cameras that would serve as our eyes in the bush. My co-workers and I were determined to measure how Australia’s endangered wildlife was recovering. In 2023, I traveled to Blue Mountains National Park in Eastern Australia. For a week, I, together with my co-workers, wrapped our arms around the trees to secure cameras around their trunks. WWF and 20 other organizations set up over 1,000 cameras across the land. What would we get through the cameras? To date, our efforts have got over 7 million photos, one of which shows a koala climbing into a new tree. But if I took just two seconds to review each of those 7 million images during my normal work week, I’d finish reviewing them in around four years. We didn’t have that kind of time in conservation. So WWF worked with other conservation organizations to develop a better way to manage camera trap data called Wildlife Insights, an online platform that can separate out all those blank images, find the ones that contain wildlife, and identify which species is in a photo. We uploaded our 7 million photos to Wildlife Insights, and sorted in weeks. Over 150 different species were detected. With the help of tools like Wildlife Insights, information was getting into the hands of decision-makers more quickly, which was important for species like the endangered koala. A third of their habitat burned in the fires, including their tree hollows. As an emergency measure, WWF-Australia and its partners quickly installed (安装) artificial trees and monitored them using cameras. After analyzing the photos, we were amazed to find koalas were using every single one of the trees. With the ever-mounting challenges facing biodiversity, it’s essential that we should continue innovating through technology so that we can get actionable data and make faster conservation decisions. 1. What did the author and his co-workers do in Blue Mountains National Park? A. They set up a network of cameras. B. They recorded endangered wildlife. C. They took many photos of animals. D. They collected data on various trees. 2. What made it necessary to develop Wildlife Insights? A. The increasing dependence on camera traps. B. The growing number of endangered animals. C. The time needed to deal with camera trap data. D. The difficulty of collecting data on biodiversity. 3. Why were artificial trees installed? A. To advertise Wildlife Insights. B. To use cameras efficiently. C. To mark animals’ living conditions. D. To provide homes for koalas. 4. What does the author try to do in the last paragraph? A. Issue a warning. B. Make a suggestion. C. Confirm a conclusion. D. Present a new finding. Passage 6 (2025湖南省高考普通高中名校联考高三下学期第一次模拟)Many believe zoos provide a safe environment for animals, free from survival challenges. However, this isn’t the case for the largest land animals, elephants, which frequently experience health issues in captivity(监禁), including diseases, joint problems, and behavioral changes, often leading to having no babies. A groundbreaking study has analyzed four decades of data on 800 elephants from Africa and Asia living in European zoos. The research, conducted by a team of scientists, compared the lifespans of these zoo-born elephants with those of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants working in logging camps over a similar period. To learn more about how captivity affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. The findings were striking: female African elephants born in captivity had an average lifespan of 16.9 years, but their wild ones who died of natural causes lived to an average age of 56 years — more than three times longer. A similar trend was observed in Asian elephants, with zoo-born females living an average of 18.9 years compared to 41.7 years for those in logging camps. The reasons behind these differences are not yet fully understood. Georgia Mason, a biologist from the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, suspects that stress and obesity may be significant factors. Elephants in zoos do not engage in the same level of physical activity as they would in the wild, leading to obesity in many cases. Additionally, the social structures of elephants in captivity differ greatly from those in the wild, where they typically live in large groups and family groups. Another revelation(启示) from the study was that Asian elephants born in zoos had a higher likelihood of dying early compared to those captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason assumes that stress experienced by mothers in captivity could result in children that are less adaptive and more likely to die early. The implications of this study are profound(深刻的), particularly concerning the acquisition of more elephants for zoo populations. While some endangered species in zoos manage to reproduce and maintain healthy numbers, elephants seem to be an exception. The study highlights the need for further research into the well-being of elephants in captivity and the potential challenges of sustaining their populations in zoos. 1. What is the main focus of the study mentioned in the passage? A. Elephant Lifespans: Captivity against Wild. B. Analyzing elephant social structures in zoos. C. Studying the effects of obesity on elephants. D. Investigating the causes of elephant stress. 2. Why might elephants in zoos have a shorter lifespan compared to wild elephants? A. They have more eaters in zoos. B. They face increased stress and obesity. C. They are fed better in zoos. D. They are less active in zoos. 3. What is the average lifespan of wild female African elephants? A. 16.9 years. B. 56 years. C. 18.9 years. D. 41.7 years. 4. What conclusion can be drawn about the future of elephants in zoos? A. Elephants should not be kept in zoos. B. Zoos should focus on breeding more elephants. C. Zoos need to improve elephant care to increase lifespans. D. The study supports the inclusion of more elephants in zoos. 32 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$