Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Grammar(课件PPT+Word教案)-【步步高】2024-2025学年高一英语必修第三册教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Grammar 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成下面的练习 The United Nations Children’s Fund，also ①known as UNICEF，is a United Nations organization ②based in New York.It offers help ③needed by children all over the world. UNICEF was founded on 11 December 1946 to provide food and healthcare to children in countries ④damaged in World War Ⅱ.Since 1953，UNICEF has taken up an extended mission to help children in the ⑤developing world，including those ⑥living with diseases or disabilities，and those ⑦affected by rapid modernization and environmental problems.Now，UNICEF has been working to improve the lives of children and their families across 190 countries and territories. 自主发现 以上黑体部分是分词(短语)在句中作定语。其中①②③④和⑦是过去分词在句中作定语；⑤和⑥是现在分词在句中作定语。过去分词作定语，强调分词的动作与被修饰词之间是被动关系，在时态上强调动作已经完成；现在分词作定语则表示主动或动作正在进行。分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后，单个的分词作定语可直接放于被修饰词的前面。 过去分词作定语 一、过去分词作定语时的位置 一般情况下，单个的过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。 Many used computers will be sold in this market. 很多二手电脑将在这个市场出售。 The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受伤的工人们现在正在医院受到良好的照顾。 The book published ten years ago is still a best-seller today. ＝The book which was published ten years ago is still a best-seller today. 十年前出版的这本书现在仍然是一本畅销书。 [温馨提示] (1)有些过去分词可以表示特定含义，单独作定语时要放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，involved(有关的)等。 There were a couple of seats left at the back. 后面还剩几个座位。 (2)如果被修饰的词是指示代词those或不定代词something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等，单个的过去分词作定语也要放在这些词的后面。 He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。 (3)有些过去分词作定语时，前置和后置的意义不同。 The authorities concerned are to blame. 有关当局应受到指责。 She looked at me with a concerned look. 她关切地望着我。 二、过去分词作定语时的意义 1．及物动词的过去分词作定语时，在语态上表示被动，在时间上常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时只表示被动。 The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon. 会上提出的这项计划将很快被执行。(表示完成和被动) He is a teacher respected by all the students. 他是一位受所有学生尊敬的老师。(只表示被动) 2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。 The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning. 早晨，升起的太阳明亮地照耀着。 When I woke up the next morning，I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves. 我第二天早上醒来时发现地面被落叶覆盖了。 三、不同非谓语动词形式作定语的区别 语法 形式 意义 动词-ing形式作定语 doing 表示主动动作正在进行；表示经常性的动作或现在(当时)的状态 being done 表示被动动作正在进行 过去分词作定语 done 表示被动、完成或者被动动作已经完成 不定式作定语 to do 表示主动动作将要发生 to be done 表示被动动作将要发生 The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示被动动作正在进行) 会议上正在讨论的问题非常重要。 The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示被动动作已完成) 会议上讨论的问题非常重要。 The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示被动动作将要发生) 会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 [温馨提示]　表示情感或心理状态的过去分词已经形容词化，常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed(失望的)，frightened(害怕的)，puzzled(困惑的)，shocked(震惊的)，moved(感动的)等。 When asked whether to give up or not，she said nothing but gave me a determined look. 当被问及是否要放弃时，她什么也没说，只是坚定地看了我一眼。 Seeing me approaching，the frightened rabbit immediately escaped into the bushes. 看到我走近，受惊的兔子立即逃到灌木丛中。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Paul is a retired(retire) electrical contractor who started a family business with his son. 2．The concert given(give) by their friends was a success. 3．Many little kids like gathering fallen(fall) leaves in the yard. 4．The meeting being held(hold) now is of great significance to all of us. 5．The fish cooked(cook) in a special way last night tasted so delicious. 6．The students seated(seat) at the back of the classroom are playing computer games. 7．The needle treatment dating(date) back to the ancient times has cured many diseases. 8．The airport to be completed(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 9．Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a satisfied(satisfy) smile at last. 10．Tsinghua University，founded(found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding people. Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空 Ryan is an average boy.He likes books 1.written(write) by J．K.Rowling and likes songs 2.sung(sing) by Michael Jackson.And he is also a warm-hearted boy.When he was a boy 3.aged(age) 6，he had trouble believing the words 4.spoken(speak) by his teacher that many people in 5.developing(develop) African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.6.Realizing(realize) life was difficult for them，he decided to help them.At first，he only wanted to build a well but his action made a great difference.Many 7.inspired(inspire) people began to give him their support.What a kind and 8.determined(determine) boy! 训练3　Grammar　[分值：84.5分] Ⅰ.使用过去分词改写下列句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．The girl is my daughter.She is dressed in pink. →The girl dressed in pink is my daughter. 2．We must adjust ourselves to the conditions which have been changed. →We must adjust ourselves to the changed conditions. 3．Thousands of people die from the air which has been polluted every year. →Thousands of people die from the polluted air every year. 4．The soldier who was badly wounded was rushed to the hospital immediately. →The badly wounded soldier was rushed to the hospital immediately. 5．The suggestion which had been made by the experts was adopted by the manager. →The suggestion made by the experts was adopted by the manager. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．It is an old castle belonging(belong) to a wealthy couple. 2．Who were the so-called guests invited(invite) to your party last night? 3．The chairman announced the exciting news in an excited voice.(excite) 4．The question being discussed(discuss) now has nothing to do with our present work. 5．The Olympic Games，first held(hold) in 776 BCE，didn’t include women until 1900. 6．With the help of the firemen，they were able to escape from the burning(burn) house. 7．In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden(hide) within the work. 8．The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned(return) to our shop for quality problems. 9．The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern architects and engineers. 10．The meeting to be held(hold) next Monday aims to deal with the problem related(relate) to students’ mental health. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共12分) 1．Soldiers came to rescue those buried in the ruins. 士兵们来救援被埋在废墟中的人们。 2．The film based on a true love story appealed to many people. 这部基于一个真实爱情故事的电影吸引了许多人。 3．The ancient building dating back to the Song Dynasty is well preserved by the government. 这座可追溯到宋代的古建筑被政府保存得很好。 4．You’d better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，which may help you understand the poems to be learned. 你最好提前学习唐朝的历史，这可能有助于你理解将要学习的诗歌。 Ⅳ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A The Beaver-Lawrence Farm Bureau sets up a series of story time meetings across Beaver County’s libraries，a program that helps attract attention to the farming process in nearby communities.It provides an opportunity for readers to talk about agriculture through a book and also share their own farming experiences and backgrounds.So children can learn what farmers do and where their food comes from. During Spring Story Time at the Beaver Area Memorial Library in March，over twelve families gathered to hear about the farming process and allowed their children to join in the fun activities offered by the library.The children were shown different animals that are found on a farm and how vegetables grow.Parents also joined in the conversation throughout the event. When Spring Story Time started，the book was read by Amanda McDowell，the treasurer of the Beaver-Lawrence Farm Bureau.Owning a farm，McDowell was able to share her own experiences with the farming equipment and her different farming routines.“The book shows the science and technology included in farming.More importantly，the idea is to put a farmer in front of children so they can ask questions and hear it directly from farmers.Education about farming and what is going on in that process is important to helping the next generation consider farming themselves，” said McDowell.“People can learn not to be afraid to wave to the farmer and know what’s going on.” For farming educators，it can be challenging to get their message out and make younger audiences interested in farming.While other industries are a part of everyday life，agricultural industries are not as important for many in the cities of Western Pennsylvania.As a result，the number of independently owned farms and those working in agriculture continues to reduce each year. While many farmers stepping up to help educate others about the process have helped，finding young people interested in a farming lifestyle has become increasingly important. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了比弗·劳伦斯农场局在当地图书馆成立了一个故事时间会议的系列活动项目，旨在帮助当地农民学习农业知识，引导学生从事农业。 1．What is the program meant to do? A．Help local farmers in need. B．Develop good reading habits. C．Spread knowledge of farming. D．Call for environmental protection. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“It provides an opportunity for readers to talk about agriculture through a book and also share their own farming experiences and backgrounds.”可知，该项目为读者提供通过书籍谈论农业的机会，也分享了他们自己的农业经验和背景。由此可知，该项目的目的在于传播农业知识。故选C项。 2．What is the local families’ attitude to the program? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Surprised. D．Uncertain. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据文章第二段中“over twelve families gathered to hear about the farming process and allowed their children to join in the fun activities offered by the library.The children...”可知，当地家庭对这一项目持支持态度。故选A项。 3．Why did Amanda McDowell read the book to children? A．To teach them to choose healthy food. B．To encourage them to take up farming. C．To better connect with the next generation. D．To correct the misunderstanding about farmers. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Education about farming and what is going on in that process is important to helping the next generation consider farming themselves”以及“People can learn not to be afraid to wave to the farmer and know what’s going on.”可知，Amanda给孩子们读这本书，是为了鼓励孩子们从事农业。故选B项。 4．What does the author point out in paragraph 4? A．The agricultural industry is playing a significant role. B．Farming educators fail to learn from other industries. C．The local agricultural industry is in a difficult situation. D．Young people show an interest in the agricultural process. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“As a result，the number of independently owned farms and those working in agriculture continues to reduce each year.”可知，宾夕法尼亚州西部城市拥有农场和从事农业工作的人数每年都在减少。由此可推知，当地农业正处于一个艰难的境地。故选C项。 B Virtue，by definition，is the moral excellence of a person.Morally excellent people have a character made up of virtues valued as good.They are honest，respectful，courageous，forgiving and kind，for example.They do the right thing，and don’t bend to impulses，urges or desires，but act according to values and principles.Some might say good qualities are inborn.Actually，virtues need to be cultivated.With the habit of being virtuous，we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment. Virtues are universal and recognized by all cultures as basic qualities of well-being.However，practicing virtues is not easy.So often we know that it takes perseverance(毅力) to reach our goals，and we still never get there.We know if we forgive，we’ll be less angry.We know it takes courage to accomplish great things.So why then，if we know what to do，are we still stuck? Because we have not yet consciously applied a virtue to a given situation so as to change its outcome such as in these examples: kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build rapport; trust in a relationship creates valuable，meaningful relationships; gratitude in a job loss can shift our focus from feeling low to how we can have a new，more fulfilling career; service to others can change lives，better neighborhoods and create stronger nations. We know we are becoming more virtuous people，not only because of the results above but also because of the way other people respond to us.Our friends，families，co-workers，and neighbors will trust and rely on us.They will come to us for guidance and help.They will want to be around us because we inspire them to be better people.Practicing virtues allows us to develop our potential，and live a more purposeful，better life. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了践行美德能让我们开发自己的潜能，过上更有目标、更美好的生活。 5．What can we know about virtuous people from the first paragraph? A．They are born with virtue. B．They never make a mistake. C．They have a habit of doing good. D．They act on the principle of profit. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“With the habit of being virtuous，we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment.”可知，有了行善的习惯，我们就能控制自己的生活，让它们朝着更大的幸福和满足的方向前进，故具有美德的人有行善的习惯。故选C。 6．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Satisfying career. B．Practicing virtues. C．Trust in a relationship. D．Basic qualities of well-being. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“However，practicing virtues is not easy.”和 “So why then，if we know what to do，are we still stuck？”可知，本段主要讲的是“践行美德”，故选B。 7．What does the underlined word “rapport” mean in the third paragraph? A．A good greeting. B．A great atmosphere. C．A good goodbye. D．A close relationship. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build”可知，对那些心情不好的人施以善意，可以让他或她微笑从而建立“融洽的关系”，所以画线词是“融洽关系”的意思。故选D。 8．What is the author’s purpose in the last paragraph? A．To encourage readers to be more virtuous. B．To encourage readers to live a purposeful life. C．To encourage readers to offer others guidance. D．To encourage readers to develop others’ potential. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Practicing virtues allows us to develop our potential，and live a more purposeful，better life.”可推断出，最后一段作者的目的是鼓励人们践行美德。故选A。 Ⅴ.七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Every day，we face a series of opportunities to do the right thing.Sometimes we seize(抓住) those moments; other times，we don’t. 1 And what drives some people to take the moral high ground? Jessie Sun interviewed 952 people about the motivations(动机) for moral behavior and the changes they wished to make in their lives in order to become more morally good. When we think about morals，we often think about making “personal sacrifices(牺牲)” for the greater good.In Sun’s study，she found that nearly half of the participants said they were most encouraged to become more moral for themselves. 2 And fewer participants said that they most wanted to benefit friends and people in general. Moreover，many people believe that acting more morally—for example，being more thoughtful，more open-minded—would increase their own well-being.The more they believed that their moral change would have positive results for themselves，the more they reported being encouraged to make that change. 3 That was the most surprising finding in the study. 4 Interestingly，participants generally expected possible harms to themselves and others if they were honest.You can imagine that some people regularly tell white lies to save other people’s feelings，and they believe it would be hurtful if they were honest. Researchers also asked people about the things they’d like to improve about themselves.If they’re extremely shy，they usually want to become more comfortable in social situations.But if they aren’t especially honest or thoughtful，they usually won’t improve those aspects of their lives on purpose. 5 A．How can we become more moral? B．So，why do we make these choices? C．Being moral just isn’t what most people consider first. D．Being moral means different things to different people. E．But people see some disadvantages of being moral，too. F．In short，many people want to become more moral for their own benefits. G．Sixteen percent said that they most wanted to become more moral for their family. 1．答案　B 解析　根据空前的“Sometimes we seize(抓住) those moments; other times，we don’t.”可知，空处应对前文所述情况提出疑问，B项能承接前文，同时与后文形成并列关系。故选B。 2．答案　G 解析　根据空前的“nearly half of the participants said...”和空后的“And fewer participants said that...”可知，本段在讲参与者变得有道德的原因，G项中的“Sixteen percent said that”与空前、空后句式一致。故选G。 3．答案　F 解析　根据空前的“The more they believed that their moral change would have positive results for themselves，the more they reported being encouraged to make that change.”和空后的“That was the most surprising finding in the study.”可知，空处应进一步对这种行为进行评价，F项总结了空前的内容而且是空后的“That”指代的内容，符合题意。故选F。 4．答案　E 解析　空处是本段主旨句。根据下文中的“Interestingly，participants generally expected possible harms to themselves and others if they were honest.”可知，有道德可能会产生伤害，所以E项符合题意。故选E。 5．答案　C 解析　根据上文中的“But if they aren’t especially honest or thoughtful，they usually won’t improve those aspects of their lives on purpose.”可知，人们不会有意去改善自己道德上的不足，空处应承接上文，对上文进一步进行说明，C项符合题意。故选C。 Ⅵ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Dunant，a Swiss businessman，formed the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1863.The first act of the Red Cross was 1. (organize) an international conference where countries adopted guidelines and measures for protecting 2. wounded and medical workers during and after battles.In the years since，the Red Cross has been active not only in helping soldiers and civilians caught in war but also responding 3. natural disasters. Now much of the work 4. (do) by volunteers and workers in the Red Cross is difficult and dangerous.They tend to work in places of crisis，where there are wars and conflicts.It is estimated that about 40 workers of International Red Cross 5. (kill) since 1993.However，their work is of great 6. (important)．They help prepare communities and gather 7. (supply) and materials for future disasters.Most of the people who receive help from Red Cross are grateful for the help and some even do 8. they can to help others. The Red Cross is playing an 9. (influence) part in every country.10. Dunant is long gone，his spirit continues with us until this day. 1．答案　to organize 解析　考查动词不定式。此处用动词不定式作表语，说明主语act的具体内容。故填to organize。 2．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。根据后文wounded可知，此处是用“the＋adj.”表示一类人。故填the。 3．答案　to 解析　考查介词。respond to...“响应，对……作出反应”为固定搭配。故填to。 4．答案　done 解析　考查非谓语动词。该句的谓语是is，空处应用非谓语动词，动词do与名词work之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填done。 5．答案　have been killed 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since 1993可知，空处表示过去动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时；动词kill与主语workers之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been killed。 6．答案　importance 解析　考查名词。根据空前的is of可知，空处应用名词importance构成“be of＋名词”，相当于其同根形容词important。故填importance。 7．答案　supplies 解析　考查名词复数。根据and materials可知，空处应用其名词复数，与materials并列作宾语。故填supplies。 8．答案　what 解析　考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导的是do后的宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事情，应用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 9．答案　influential 解析　考查形容词。修饰名词part应用形容词作定语。故填influential。 10．答案　Although/Though/While 解析　考查状语从句。后面的从句Dunant is long gone和主句his spirit continues with us until this day构成让步关系，应用从属连词although/though/while引导从句，且位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Although/Though/While。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Grammar Unit 2 Making a difference Section Ⅳ 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习 The United Nations Children’s Fund，also ①known as UNICEF，is a United Nations organization ②based in New York.It offers help ③needed by children all over the world. UNICEF was founded on 11 December 1946 to provide food and healthcare to children in countries ④damaged in World War Ⅱ.Since 1953，UNICEF has taken up an extended mission to help children in the ⑤developing world，including those ⑥living with diseases or disabilities， 语境感悟 and those ⑦affected by rapid modernization and environmental problems.Now，UNICEF has been working to improve the lives of children and their families across 190 countries and territories. [自主发现] 以上加颜色部分是分词(短语)在句中作　　　。其中①②③④和⑦是_____分词在句中作定语；⑤和⑥是 分词在句中作定语。过去分词作定语，强调分词的动作与被修饰词之间是 关系，在时态上强调动作 ；现在分词作定语则表示 或动作 。分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后，单个的分词作定语可直接放于被修饰词的______。 定语 过去 现在 被动 已经完成 主动 正在进行 前面 语法精讲 一、过去分词作定语时的位置 一般情况下，单个的过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。 Many used computers will be sold in this market. 很多二手电脑将在这个市场出售。 The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受伤的工人们现在正在医院受到良好的照顾。 过去分词作定语 The book published ten years ago is still a best-seller today. ＝The book which was published ten years ago is still a best-seller today. 十年前出版的这本书现在仍然是一本畅销书。 [温馨提示] (1)有些过去分词可以表示特定含义，单独作定语时要放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，involved(有关的)等。 There were a couple of seats left at the back. 后面还剩几个座位。 (2)如果被修饰的词是指示代词those或不定代词something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等，单个的过去分词作定语也要放在这些词的后面。 He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。 (3)有些过去分词作定语时，前置和后置的意义不同。 The authorities concerned are to blame. 有关当局应受到指责。 She looked at me with a concerned look. 她关切地望着我。 二、过去分词作定语时的意义 1.及物动词的过去分词作定语时，在语态上表示被动，在时间上常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时只表示被动。 The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon. 会上提出的这项计划将很快被执行。(表示完成和被动) He is a teacher respected by all the students. 他是一位受所有学生尊敬的老师。(只表示被动) 2.不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。 The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning. 早晨，升起的太阳明亮地照耀着。 When I woke up the next morning，I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves. 我第二天早上醒来时发现地面被落叶覆盖了。 三、不同非谓语动词形式作定语的区别 语法 形式 意义 动词-ing形式作定语 doing 表示主动动作正在进行；表示经常性的动作或现在(当时)的状态 being done 表示被动动作正在进行 过去分词作定语 done 表示被动、完成或者被动动作已经完成 不定式作定语 to do 表示主动动作将要发生 to be done 表示被动动作将要发生 The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示被动动作正在进行) 会议上正在讨论的问题非常重要。 The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示被动动作已完成) 会议上讨论的问题非常重要。 The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示被动动作将要发生) 会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 [温馨提示]　表示情感或心理状态的过去分词已经形容词化，常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed(失望的)，frightened(害怕的)，puzzled(困惑的)，shocked(震惊的)，moved(感动的)等。 When asked whether to give up or not，she said nothing but gave me a determined look. 当被问及是否要放弃时，她什么也没说，只是坚定地看了我一眼。 Seeing me approaching，the frightened rabbit immediately escaped into the bushes. 看到我走近，受惊的兔子立即逃到灌木丛中。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Paul is a (retire) electrical contractor who started a family business with his son. 2.The concert (give) by their friends was a success. 3.Many little kids like gathering (fall) leaves in the yard. 4.The meeting (hold) now is of great significance to all of us. 5.The fish (cook) in a special way last night tasted so delicious. 6.The students (seat) at the back of the classroom are playing computer games. 达标检测 retired given fallen being held cooked seated 7.The needle treatment (date) back to the ancient times has cured many diseases. 8.The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 9.Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a __________ (satisfy) smile at last. 10.Tsinghua University， (found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding people. dating to be completed satisfied founded Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空 Ryan is an average boy.He likes books 1. (write) by J.K. Rowling and likes songs 2. (sing) by Michael Jackson.And he is also a warm-hearted boy.When he was a boy 3. (age) 6，he had trouble believing the words 4. (speak) by his teacher that many people in 5.____________(develop) African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.6. (realize) life was difficult for them，he decided to help them.At first，he only wanted to build a well but his action made a great difference.Many 7. (inspire) people began to give him their support.What a kind and 8. (determine) boy! written sung aged spoken developing Realizing inspired determined $$