Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Grammar(课件PPT+Word教案)-【步步高】2024-2025学年高一英语必修第三册教师用书（外研版2019）

Grammar Knowing me，knowing you Unit 1 Section Ⅳ 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习 Last week，①attracted by a particular article in a magazine，Anne bought it.Three days ago，to complete her homework quickly，she copied part of the article without thinking.Her teacher was very satisfied with her homework.②Praised in class，she felt happy as well as ashamed.Then，the teacher wanted to enter her homework into a writing competition.③Shocked by the decision，Anne did not know what to do.If she told the truth，the whole class would look down on her.If she kept silent，maybe no one would ever find out.What should Anne do? 语境感悟 [自主发现] 以上加颜色部分是过去分词(短语)在句中作　　　。过去分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句的　　　，主语与分词之间是　　　关系；过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可表示原因(如句　 　)、时间(如句_____)、让步、方式、条件、伴随等；过去分词(短语)作状语可转变为相应的　　　　　。 状语 主语 被动 ①③ ② 状语从句 语法精讲 一、过去分词作状语的基本用法 1.过去分词作状语的功能 过去分词作状语时，它所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 过去分词作状语 Written in a hurry，the article concerning artificial intelligence was not good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇有关人工智能的文章不好。 Followed by his wolf dog，the hunter walked slowly in the forest. 猎人在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着他的狼狗。 2.过去分词作状语的类型 过去分词作状语时，可表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式或伴随情况。过去分词作方式状语或伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。 状语类型 例句 原因 鼓Encouraged by his teacher，the naughty boy began to concentrate on class. →As the naughty boy was encouraged by his teacher，he began to concentrate on class. 由于受到老师的舞，这个淘气的男孩开始集中精力听课了。 状语类型 例句 条件 Given more time，we could help the injured man out. →If we were given more time，we could help the injured man out. 如果多给我们点时间，我们能帮这位伤员摆脱困境。 让步 Wounded seriously，the brave soldier didn’t let out screams of pain. →Although the brave soldier was wounded seriously，he didn’t let out screams of pain. 尽管受伤严重，那位勇敢的战士也没有发出痛苦的叫声。 状语类型 例句 时间 Discussed many times，the problems were settled at last. →After the problems were discussed many times，they were settled at last. 多次讨论之后，这些问题终于被解决了。 方式 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son. →The old man walked into the room and he was supported by his son. 这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 状语类型 例句 伴随 Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly，followed by her daughter. →Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly and she was followed by her daughter. 吴太太上气不接下气地冲了进来，她的女儿紧跟其后。 3.过去分词作状语的位置 过去分词作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在句中，常用逗号与主句隔开。 He stood there silently，moved to tears. ＝Moved to tears，he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。 二、过去分词作状语的注意事项 1.过去分词作状语时，前面可带有连词，如：when，while，if，though，as if，unless等，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构，以使句意表达得更清楚。 He let out a cry as if bitten by a snake. 他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。 When asked why she came here，the girl kept silent. 当被问到为何来这儿时，那个女孩沉默不语。 Unless constantly repeated，the English words are easily forgotten. 这些英语单词很容易被忘记，除非不断重复(记忆)。 2.过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则需加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。 The signal given，the bus started at once. 信号一发出，公共汽车就立刻开动了。 He was listening attentively in class，his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他课上专心听讲，眼睛盯着黑板。 3.有些形容词化的过去分词，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：seated，hidden，lost/absorbed in，dressed in，concerned等。 Concerned about his son’s safety，he couldn’t fall asleep. 由于担心儿子的安全，他难以入眠。 Lost in thought，he didn’t hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。 Dressed in a black suit，the girl is particularly elegant and capable today. 这个女孩今天穿着一套黑色的套装，特别优雅干练。 4.有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示主语的某种情绪或状态。常见的这类形容词化的过去分词有：satisfied，surprised，interested，moved，worried，pleased，disappointed，excited等。 Disappointed at the exam result，the girl stood there without saying a word. 因为对考试成绩很失望，女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。 Satisfied with the children’s performance，the mother bought them some ice cream. 母亲对孩子们的表现感到满意，给他们买了一些冰激凌。 三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。比较以下两个例句： Seeing from the hill，you will find the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，你会发现这座城市看起来像一个大花园。(主语you和see之间是主动关系) Seen from the hill，the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，这座城市看起来像一个大花园。(主语the city和see之间是被动关系) [温馨提示]　过去分词、现在分词的完成被动式(having been done)作状语时，都具有被动意义，有时可以互换，但是having been done结构强调动作先于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作。 Examined carefully，the patient was sent to the operation room. ＝Having been examined carefully，the patient was sent to the operation room. 经仔细检查之后，那个病人被送进了手术室。 Having been told many times，the girl student still makes the same mistake. 已经被告知很多次了，这个女生仍然犯同样的错误。 [助学技巧] 分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出来，再来判关系。 主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. (bear) in 1770，William Wordsworth was one of the leading poets of the Romantic movement in England.2. (bring) up in the beautiful Lake District，Wordsworth had a childhood that was perfect for a developing poet.3. (educate) at Cambridge，Wordsworth received his degree in 1791.He spent a lot of time 4. (tour) in Europe.Travelling obviously provided Wordsworth with plenty of ideas for his poems.Lyrical Ballads，a collection of poems， 达标检测 Born Brought Educated touring was Wordsworth’s first great work.5. (publish) in 1798，the work marked the start of the Romantic era in poetry.Many of the poems in the collection were about returning to nature.Like other romantics，Wordsworth preferred to live in the country rather than in the city. Published Ⅱ.完成句子 1.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。 _______________________________，we should have done the job better. 2.身边围着一群年轻人，老人感到很高兴。 ____________________________________，the old man felt happy. 3.面对如此多的麻烦，我们未能按时完成任务。 __________________________，we failed to complete the task on time. 4.虽然这次旅行很累，但我们都觉得很有收获，很值得。 ________________________，we all thought it rewarding and worthwhile. Given more time/More time given Surrounded by a group of young people Faced with so much trouble Although tired with the trip 5.坐落于小山上，这座美丽的古镇现在成了一个受欢迎的旅游胜地。 ___________________，the beautiful old town has become a popular tourist attraction now. Located in the hill $$ Section Ⅳ　Grammar 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成下面的练习 Last week，①attracted by a particular article in a magazine，Anne bought it.Three days ago，to complete her homework quickly，she copied part of the article without thinking.Her teacher was very satisfied with her homework.②Praised in class，she felt happy as well as ashamed.Then，the teacher wanted to enter her homework into a writing competition.③Shocked by the decision，Anne did not know what to do.If she told the truth，the whole class would look down on her.If she kept silent，maybe no one would ever find out.What should Anne do? 自主发现 以上黑体部分是过去分词(短语)在句中作状语。过去分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句的主语，主语与分词之间是被动关系；过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可表示原因(如句①③)、时间(如句②)、让步、方式、条件、伴随等；过去分词(短语)作状语可转变为相应的状语从句。 过去分词作状语 一、过去分词作状语的基本用法 1．过去分词作状语的功能 过去分词作状语时，它所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Written in a hurry，the article concerning artificial intelligence was not good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇有关人工智能的文章不好。 Followed by his wolf dog，the hunter walked slowly in the forest. 猎人在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着他的狼狗。 2．过去分词作状语的类型 过去分词作状语时，可表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式或伴随情况。过去分词作方式状语或伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。 状语类型 例句 原因 Encouraged by his teacher，the naughty boy began to concentrate on class. →As the naughty boy was encouraged by his teacher，he began to concentrate on class. 由于受到老师的鼓舞，这个淘气的男孩开始集中精力听课了。 条件 Given more time，we could help the injured man out. →If we were given more time，we could help the injured man out. 如果多给我们点时间，我们能帮这位伤员摆脱困境。 让步 Wounded seriously，the brave soldier didn’t let out screams of pain. →Although the brave soldier was wounded seriously，he didn’t let out screams of pain. 尽管受伤严重，那位勇敢的战士也没有发出痛苦的叫声。 时间 Discussed many times，the problems were settled at last. →After the problems were discussed many times，they were settled at last. 多次讨论之后，这些问题终于被解决了。 方式 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son. →The old man walked into the room and he was supported by his son. 这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 伴随 Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly，followed by her daughter. →Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly and she was followed by her daughter. 吴太太上气不接下气地冲了进来，她的女儿紧跟其后。 3.过去分词作状语的位置 过去分词作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在句中，常用逗号与主句隔开。 He stood there silently，moved to tears. ＝Moved to tears，he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。 二、过去分词作状语的注意事项 1．过去分词作状语时，前面可带有连词，如：when，while，if，though，as if，unless等，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构，以使句意表达得更清楚。 He let out a cry as if bitten by a snake. 他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。 When asked why she came here，the girl kept silent. 当被问到为何来这儿时，那个女孩沉默不语。 Unless constantly repeated，the English words are easily forgotten. 这些英语单词很容易被忘记，除非不断重复(记忆)。 2．过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则需加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。 The signal given，the bus started at once. 信号一发出，公共汽车就立刻开动了。 He was listening attentively in class，his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他课上专心听讲，眼睛盯着黑板。 3．有些形容词化的过去分词，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：seated，hidden，lost/absorbed in，dressed in，concerned等。 Concerned about his son’s safety，he couldn’t fall asleep. 由于担心儿子的安全，他难以入眠。 Lost in thought，he didn’t hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。 Dressed in a black suit，the girl is particularly elegant and capable today. 这个女孩今天穿着一套黑色的套装，特别优雅干练。 4．有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示主语的某种情绪或状态。常见的这类形容词化的过去分词有：satisfied，surprised，interested，moved，worried，pleased，disappointed，excited等。 Disappointed at the exam result，the girl stood there without saying a word. 因为对考试成绩很失望，女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。 Satisfied with the children’s performance，the mother bought them some ice cream. 母亲对孩子们的表现感到满意，给他们买了一些冰激凌。 三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。比较以下两个例句： Seeing from the hill，you will find the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，你会发现这座城市看起来像一个大花园。(主语you和see之间是主动关系) Seen from the hill，the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，这座城市看起来像一个大花园。(主语the city和see之间是被动关系) [温馨提示]　过去分词、现在分词的完成被动式(having been done)作状语时，都具有被动意义，有时可以互换，但是having been done结构强调动作先于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作。 Examined carefully，the patient was sent to the operation room. ＝Having been examined carefully，the patient was sent to the operation room. 经仔细检查之后，那个病人被送进了手术室。 Having been told many times，the girl student still makes the same mistake. 已经被告知很多次了，这个女生仍然犯同样的错误。 [助学技巧] 分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出来，再来判关系。 主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．Born(bear) in 1770，William Wordsworth was one of the leading poets of the Romantic movement in England.2.Brought(bring) up in the beautiful Lake District，Wordsworth had a childhood that was perfect for a developing poet.3.Educated(educate) at Cambridge，Wordsworth received his degree in 1791.He spent a lot of time 4.touring(tour) in Europe.Travelling obviously provided Wordsworth with plenty of ideas for his poems.Lyrical Ballads，a collection of poems，was Wordsworth’s first great work.5.Published(publish) in 1798，the work marked the start of the Romantic era in poetry.Many of the poems in the collection were about returning to nature.Like other romantics，Wordsworth preferred to live in the country rather than in the city. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。 Given more time/More time given，we should have done the job better. 2．身边围着一群年轻人，老人感到很高兴。 Surrounded by a group of young people，the old man felt happy. 3．面对如此多的麻烦，我们未能按时完成任务。 Faced with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time. 4．虽然这次旅行很累，但我们都觉得很有收获，很值得。 Although tired with the trip，we all thought it rewarding and worthwhile. 5．坐落于小山上，这座美丽的古镇现在成了一个受欢迎的旅游胜地。 Located in the hill，the beautiful old town has become a popular tourist attraction now. 训练3　Grammar　[分值：86.5分] Ⅰ.按照要求改写下列句子(每小题3分，共12分) 1．As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder. →Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.(用过去分词改写) 2．After the problems were solved，the meeting came to an end. →The problems solved，the meeting came to an end.(用独立主格结构改写) 3．When they were asked who had broken the window，the children all kept silent. →When asked who had broken the window，the children all kept silent.(用过去分词改写) 4．Though surprised to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome. →Though he was surprised to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.(改为状语从句) Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共12分) 1．All things considered(consider)，your plan is more practical than ours. 2．Having spent(spend) all the money，we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel. 3．Driven(drive) by curiosity，she opened the mysterious box belonging to her grandma. 4．Based(base) on a true love story，the film became a hit the moment it was released. 5．Not knowing(know) how to operate the machine，they turned to the expert for help. 6．Some activities are not allowed to take part in unless accompanied(accompany) by an adult. 7．Founded(found) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. 8．Banned(ban) from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back，the Fairmont said. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分) 1．Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子就能长得快。 2．The pop singer hurried up to her car，followed by her fans. 那位流行歌手匆忙走向自己的车，后面跟着她的歌迷。 3．Lost in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入沉思，差点撞上了前面的汽车。 4．Unless (I am) invited，I won’t come to his birthday party tomorrow. 除非(我)被邀请，否则我明天不会来参加他的生日聚会。 5．Everything taken into consideration，they are more likely to win the game. 综合考虑，他们更有可能赢得比赛。 Ⅳ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A People often talk about cultural differences between Western and Eastern countries，but how about the Western world itself？Surprisingly，a closer look at it can reveal a good many curious details. The most obvious characteristic of the majority of Americans is that they smile a lot.It does not matter whether they have a strong reason to smile；they do it，sometimes simply because they have to.A smile is not just a powerful marketing tool but also a way to show that someone is friendly，and that life in general is fine.Europeans，on the contrary，prefer to keep a more neutral(不露声色的) facial expression.They smile mostly when they are in a good mood，or feel amused；if not，a European’s face will remain neutral，or even dull.In Russia，for example，there is a proverb saying that laughing for no reason is a sign of a fool.It does not mean that Europeans are serious，or that they do not have a sense of humor. The same refers to communication in general.Americans are extremely communicative；small talk and chats are common.Europeans talk mostly when there is something to say，and rarely enter communication just for the purpose of talking to other people.American people prefer to express what they think carefully，considering how it might affect surrounding people.Europeans are more straightforward，even with unfamiliar people.A European friend will almost always voice their opinions on different occasions，and will not hesitate to remind you that you need to lose some weight or take a shower. It can be said that Americans are people of contrasts.They are open-minded，flexible，and ready to accept everything new enthusiastically；but at the same time，American society manages to bring up unbelievable conservatives.Americans are extremely politically correct，which，in most cases，is indeed a secure and beneficial practice，but it can also mess up daily or even private communication，sometimes preventing having close relationships.Europeans，on the contrary，are more straightforward，preferring to tell the truth in direct ways.Each way of communication is different—neither is correct or incorrect. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对比美国人和欧洲人性格、交往方面的不同来说明西方国家之间也存在文化差异。 1．What does the author say about smiling? A．It is culture-related within Western countries. B．It is a powerful marketing tool across cultures. C．It is thought of as a sign of a fool in America. D．It is regarded as being socially necessary in Europe. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，西方国家之间可能也存在文化差异。第二段通过对比美国人和欧洲人在对微笑的理解上的不同来分析西方国家之间的文化差异。由此可知，作者认为微笑与西方国家的自身文化有关。故选A。 2．What is typical of Europeans’ communication? A．Beating around the bush. B．Having small talk and chats. C．Hiding their feelings carefully. D．Expressing themselves openly. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，欧洲人更加坦率，直截了当，即他们更倾向于公开表达自己的想法。故选D。 3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Being straightforward. B．Being politically correct. C．Accepting everything new. D．Raising unbelievable conservatives. 答案　B 解析　代词指代题。由but表示转折可知，it指代的是本句话中前面出现的内容，即“Americans are extremely politically correct”，意为“美国人是明哲保身的”，这与but之后的内容在逻辑上是转折关系。故选B。 4．How is the text mainly developed? A．By analyzing cause and effect. B．By making comparisons. C．By classifying body language. D．By discussing research findings. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。文章通过对比美国人和欧洲人在微笑、交往上的不同来说明西方国家之间也存在文化差异，因此本文是通过作比较的方法来进行的。故选B。 B We often hear honesty is the best policy，and no one likes to be called a liar.But is dishonesty always wrong？Not necessarily. According to psychologists，there are two types of lies：lies that help your relationships and the people around you are called pro-social lies；and lies that hurt them are called antisocial lies. How often have you clicked “Like” on Wechat Moment，not because you actually like what your friends posted，but because you want to show your support？This white lie is an example of a pro-social lie.But people who tell lies on social networks to make their own lives seem more exciting，or to make others jealous，this is antisocial lying. Workplace lies range from harmless lies to destructive untruthful statements.An example of a pro-social workplace lie is complimenting someone on their presentation—even though it was only average—because you know they were nervous beforehand.In this case your intention is simply to protect your colleague’s feelings.However，people sometimes tell bigger lies at work for the purpose of avoiding blame or to stay on the boss’s good side.These are antisocial lies.They are antisocial because your boss is likely to discover the truth and as a result，will probably stop trusting you. Lying is also a significant part of the natural world.So it’s little wonder we resort to it almost reflexively.Human babies sometimes pretend to cry，check to see if anyone is listening，and then start crying again.By the age of five，children learn to say things that are completely untrue，and most nine-year-olds have mastered keeping secrets to protect themselves. Lying can be incredibly harmful to our relationships and to the people around us.But that’s only true for antisocial lies.Pro-social lies have the opposite effect—they can actually help us. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两种谎言以及它们的不同之处和影响，指出让人感觉良好有时比说出绝对的真相更重要。 5．What may help us tell a pro-social lie from an antisocial lie? A．The purpose it serves. B．The way it is told. C．The occasion where it is told. D．The people it is told to. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二、三段内容可推知，撒谎行为的目的可以帮助我们区分有利于社会的谎言和反社会的谎言。故选A。 6．What does the underlined phrase “resort to” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Admit to. B．Turned to. C．Show respect to. D．Look forward to. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Lying is also a significant part of the natural world.”以及后文“Human babies sometimes pretend to cry，check to see if anyone is listening，and then start crying again.”可知，撒谎是人的本能行为，所以人们求助于谎言来解决问题也不足为奇，故resort to的意思是“求助于”。故选B。 7．Which statement is supported by the passage? A．We usually tell pro-social lies to protect our own feelings. B．Lying always hurts both the liar and the person being lied to. C．Lying on social media is pro-social，but face-to-face lying isn’t. D．Sometimes，making people feel good outweighs telling the absolute truth. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句以及最后一段可推知，文章支持D项“有时，让人感觉良好比说出绝对的真相更重要”的说法。故选D。 8．Which might be the best title of the passage? A．Lies That Harm Us B．Lying Is a Second Nature C．Lies That We Need to Tell D．Honesty Is the Best Policy 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读文章可知，文章主要对两种类型的谎言进行了介绍，指出让人感觉良好有时比说出绝对的真相更重要。由此可知，C项“我们需要说的谎言”最适合作文章标题。故选C。 Ⅴ.七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) A good friend can help you study.You can have fun together and make each other happy. 1 They will be with you as long as you have money or luck，but when you are down，they will run away.How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities of character，especially understanding，honesty and reliability(可靠)． Above all else，I look for understanding in a friend. 2 He is not quick to judge.Instead，he tries to learn from others.He puts himself in the other person’s place，and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. At the same time，however，a good friend is honest. 3 Instead，he looks for their good points.In short，a friend will try to accept me. 4 I can always depend on a good friend.If I need a favor，he will do his best to help me.If I am in trouble，he will not run away from me. There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special.A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun.We should enjoy our lives，and we would enjoy our friendship.A good friend likes the same things I like.We share experience and learn from each other.A good friend has a good sense of humor，too. 5 A．He does not look for mistakes in others. B．Real friends share your sorrows and joys. C．Another quality of a friend is reliability. D．Remember a friend in need is a friend indeed. E．Sometimes you will meet fair-weather friends. F．A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. G．When I meet someone who is reliable，honest，and understanding，I know I’ve found a friend! 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对一个好的朋友应当具有的三种品质：善解人意、诚实和可靠进行了描述，兴趣爱好相同、风趣幽默则可以让好朋友变得更加特别。 1．答案　E 解析　前文“A good friend can help you study.You can have fun together...”描述好的朋友的特点，后文“They will be with you as long as you have money or luck，but when you are down，they will run away.”描述不好的朋友的特点，因此E项“有时你会遇到只能同安乐不可共患难的朋友”和前文形成对比，后一句是对其中的fair-weather friends的具体描述。故选E。 2．答案　F 解析　前文“Above all else，I look for understanding in a friend.”强调好朋友应具有善解人意的品质，后文“He is not quick to judge.Instead，he tries to learn from others...”具体描述这种善解人意的品质的体现，因此F项“好朋友会试着去理解另一个人的感受”说明善解人意的基本内涵，承接前文，引出后文的具体描述，其中的understand和前文的understanding呼应。故选F。 3．答案　A 解析　前文“At the same time，however，a good friend is honest.”说明好朋友应具有诚实的品质，后文“Instead，he looks for their good points.”说明这种诚实体现在发现优点，因此A项“他不从别人身上寻找错误”和后文的发现优点构成诚实的完整体现，其中的look for mistakes和后文的looks for their good points呼应。故选A。 4．答案　C 解析　空处位于段首，是段落主旨句。根据后文“I can always depend on a good friend.If I need a favor，he will do his best to help me...”可知，本段主要说明好朋友应该是可以依靠的，因此C项“Another quality of a friend is reliability.”契合后文内容，其中的reliability和后文的depend on呼应。故选C。 5．答案　G 解析　空处是全文的最后一句，应起到总结的作用。第一段中“How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities of character，especially understanding，honesty and reliability(可靠)．”说明好朋友应当有善解人意、诚实和可靠的品质，第二、三、四段分别描述这三种品质，第五段对好朋友的品质进行补充说明，因此G项“当我遇到一个可靠、诚实、善解人意的人时，我就知道我找到了一个朋友”符合语境，重申这三种品质，和第一段中的内容形成首尾呼应。故选G。 Ⅵ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Social media is one of the fastest-growing industries in today’s world.A study 1. (conduct) by the US Pew Research Center showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily.The wide spread of social media has 2. (absolute) changed nearly all parts of teenagers’ lives. It has changed relationships.High school student Elly Cooper from Illinois said social media often reduces face-to-face 3. (communicate)．“It makes in-person relationships harder because people’s attention is given to their phones instead 4. their friends，” Cooper said. Yet，some people believe social media has made it easier 5. (start) relationships with anyone from anywhere.Beth Kaplan from Illinois 6. (meet) her long-distance friend through social media last November.He currently lives in Scotland，but they’re still able to frequently communicate with each other.“I can feel close to someone to 7. I’m talking via social media，” Kaplan said. Besides，the rise of social media has changed the way teenagers see 8. (they)．The 19-year-old Essena O’Neill announced that she was quitting social media because it made her unable to stop 9. (think) about appearing perfect online. However，Armin Korsos,10. student from Illinois，takes advantage of the comments he receives over social media to improve his videos on the social networking site. 1．答案　conducted 解析　考查过去分词。设空处作定语修饰名词 study，和名词之间是逻辑被动关系，conduct应用过去分词形式，故填 conducted。 2．答案　absolutely 解析　考查副词。设空处修饰动词 changed，应用副词 absolutely 作状语，故填 absolutely。 3．答案　communication 解析　考查名词。设空处为reduces的宾语，应用名词 communication，表示“交流”，不可数，故填 communication。 4．答案　of 解析　考查介词。短语 instead of意为“代替，而不是”，符合句意，故填 of。 5．答案　to start 解析　考查不定式。此处为“make＋it＋adj.＋to do”结构，it 为形式宾语，后面应用不定式作真正宾语，故填 to start。 6．答案　met 解析　考查时态。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语 last November可知，应为一般过去时，故填 met。 7．答案　whom 解析　考查定语从句。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导限制性定语从句，先行词someone指人，关系词替代先行词作介词to的宾语，用关系代词whom，故填 whom。 8．答案　themselves 解析　考查反身代词。设空处指代青少年他们自己，应用反身代词作宾语，故填 themselves。 9．答案　thinking 解析　考查动名词。stop doing sth意为“停止正在做的事”，符合句意，故填 thinking。 10．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。设空处修饰名词 student，表泛指，应用不定冠词，并且 student 发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，故填 a。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$